Alexander Bird
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199227013
- eISBN:
- 9780191711121
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199227013.003.0009
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
Mumford argues that there are no laws, starting from a metaphysics close to dispositional essentialism. This chapter examines Mumford's arguments and concludes that there is a place for laws within a ...
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Mumford argues that there are no laws, starting from a metaphysics close to dispositional essentialism. This chapter examines Mumford's arguments and concludes that there is a place for laws within a dispositional essentialist metaphysics. Mumford also argues that science does not give a particular role to laws — they are not themselves a natural kind. In response, a role for laws is identified, leading to a general characterization of laws of a domain as the fundamental, general explanatory relationships between kinds, quantities, and qualities of that domain, that supervene upon the essential natures of those things.Less
Mumford argues that there are no laws, starting from a metaphysics close to dispositional essentialism. This chapter examines Mumford's arguments and concludes that there is a place for laws within a dispositional essentialist metaphysics. Mumford also argues that science does not give a particular role to laws — they are not themselves a natural kind. In response, a role for laws is identified, leading to a general characterization of laws of a domain as the fundamental, general explanatory relationships between kinds, quantities, and qualities of that domain, that supervene upon the essential natures of those things.
Jeffrey Brand-Ballard
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195342291
- eISBN:
- 9780199867011
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195342291.003.0018
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
This chapter summarizes the previous chapters and explains how selective optimization casts doubt on the legalistic rhetoric that is common to lawyers, judges, and critics of the bench. The case is ...
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This chapter summarizes the previous chapters and explains how selective optimization casts doubt on the legalistic rhetoric that is common to lawyers, judges, and critics of the bench. The case is made for distinguishing, in many contexts, between the claim that a judge has deviated from the law and the claim that she has acted impermissibly, all things considered. This book makes the case that this distinction is often crucial, and that much criticism of lawless judging is, accordingly, erroneous or misleading. The fact that a judge has deviated is not, in itself, a reason for censure, impeachment, removal, or any form of retaliation against her. It is not even a reason to vote against a judge when she runs for reelection, or a reason for a senator to vote against confirming a presidential nominee to the bench. Only a pattern of excessive deviation provides such reasons. Traditional theories of adjudication constrain judges to an extent that cannot be easily justified.Less
This chapter summarizes the previous chapters and explains how selective optimization casts doubt on the legalistic rhetoric that is common to lawyers, judges, and critics of the bench. The case is made for distinguishing, in many contexts, between the claim that a judge has deviated from the law and the claim that she has acted impermissibly, all things considered. This book makes the case that this distinction is often crucial, and that much criticism of lawless judging is, accordingly, erroneous or misleading. The fact that a judge has deviated is not, in itself, a reason for censure, impeachment, removal, or any form of retaliation against her. It is not even a reason to vote against a judge when she runs for reelection, or a reason for a senator to vote against confirming a presidential nominee to the bench. Only a pattern of excessive deviation provides such reasons. Traditional theories of adjudication constrain judges to an extent that cannot be easily justified.
Amy Bartholomew
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199781577
- eISBN:
- 9780199932887
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199781577.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Amy Bartholomew argues the ‘global war on terror’ has generated rightlessness but not lawlessness. Rule by law threatens to produce a constitutive undoing of the post World War II international legal ...
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Amy Bartholomew argues the ‘global war on terror’ has generated rightlessness but not lawlessness. Rule by law threatens to produce a constitutive undoing of the post World War II international legal architecture, or ‘law’s empire’. The current threat to human rights and the future of legality may be understood as ‘empire’s law,’ a development that arms neoliberal globalization with a neoconservative political order of global rule by an American empire. To analyze these developments a critical analysis of international law that can conceptualize the universalist core of legitimate legality which authors like Franz Neumann and, above all, Jürgen Habermas provide is necessary. Both ‘egalitarian universalism’ as key to legality’s internal legitimacy and democratic legitimation as a necessary but still far off condition for external legitimacy are important ideas to further develop in our political theory of legitimate legality and to defend in our struggles to resist empire’s law, a form of rule that threatens humanity’s future.Less
Amy Bartholomew argues the ‘global war on terror’ has generated rightlessness but not lawlessness. Rule by law threatens to produce a constitutive undoing of the post World War II international legal architecture, or ‘law’s empire’. The current threat to human rights and the future of legality may be understood as ‘empire’s law,’ a development that arms neoliberal globalization with a neoconservative political order of global rule by an American empire. To analyze these developments a critical analysis of international law that can conceptualize the universalist core of legitimate legality which authors like Franz Neumann and, above all, Jürgen Habermas provide is necessary. Both ‘egalitarian universalism’ as key to legality’s internal legitimacy and democratic legitimation as a necessary but still far off condition for external legitimacy are important ideas to further develop in our political theory of legitimate legality and to defend in our struggles to resist empire’s law, a form of rule that threatens humanity’s future.
Jill Suzanne Smith
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801452673
- eISBN:
- 9780801469701
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801452673.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
During the late nineteenth century the city of Berlin developed such a reputation for lawlessness and sexual licentiousness that it came to be known as the “Whore of Babylon.” Out of this reputation ...
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During the late nineteenth century the city of Berlin developed such a reputation for lawlessness and sexual licentiousness that it came to be known as the “Whore of Babylon.” Out of this reputation for debauchery grew an unusually rich discourse around prostitution. This book shows how this discourse transcended the usual clichés about prostitutes and actually explored complex visions of alternative moralities or sexual countercultures including the “New Morality” articulated by feminist radicals, lesbian love, and the “New Woman.” The book recovers a surprising array of productive discussions about extramarital sexuality, women's financial autonomy, and respectability. It highlights in particular the figure of the cocotte (Kokotte), a specific type of prostitute who capitalized on the illusion of respectable or upstanding womanhood and therefore confounded easy categorization. By exploring the semantic connections between the figure of the cocotte and the act of flirtation (of being coquette), the book presents flirtation as a type of social interaction through which both prostitutes and non-prostitutes in Imperial and Weimar Berlin could express extramarital sexual desire and agency.Less
During the late nineteenth century the city of Berlin developed such a reputation for lawlessness and sexual licentiousness that it came to be known as the “Whore of Babylon.” Out of this reputation for debauchery grew an unusually rich discourse around prostitution. This book shows how this discourse transcended the usual clichés about prostitutes and actually explored complex visions of alternative moralities or sexual countercultures including the “New Morality” articulated by feminist radicals, lesbian love, and the “New Woman.” The book recovers a surprising array of productive discussions about extramarital sexuality, women's financial autonomy, and respectability. It highlights in particular the figure of the cocotte (Kokotte), a specific type of prostitute who capitalized on the illusion of respectable or upstanding womanhood and therefore confounded easy categorization. By exploring the semantic connections between the figure of the cocotte and the act of flirtation (of being coquette), the book presents flirtation as a type of social interaction through which both prostitutes and non-prostitutes in Imperial and Weimar Berlin could express extramarital sexual desire and agency.
Peter Burroughs
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205654
- eISBN:
- 9780191676734
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205654.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, British and Irish Modern History
Safeguarding a global Empire posed British governments with intractable problems and agonizing choices throughout the nineteenth century. In addition to balancing the often-conflicting demands of ...
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Safeguarding a global Empire posed British governments with intractable problems and agonizing choices throughout the nineteenth century. In addition to balancing the often-conflicting demands of home defence, protecting scattered colonies against external aggression and internal lawlessness, and ensuring the security of interconnecting routes and communications, policy-makers had to decide whether these imperatives should be treated separately or knitted together in a seamless strategy of ‘Imperial defence’. Over the years, the course of the Empire's defence and governance frequently converged but never exactly coincided. The defence of the nineteenth century British Empire is specifically explained. The only principle that could be agreed by all parties was that the naval defence of the Empire had to remain a British responsibility. Any departure from this safe common ground exposed Imperial disunity.Less
Safeguarding a global Empire posed British governments with intractable problems and agonizing choices throughout the nineteenth century. In addition to balancing the often-conflicting demands of home defence, protecting scattered colonies against external aggression and internal lawlessness, and ensuring the security of interconnecting routes and communications, policy-makers had to decide whether these imperatives should be treated separately or knitted together in a seamless strategy of ‘Imperial defence’. Over the years, the course of the Empire's defence and governance frequently converged but never exactly coincided. The defence of the nineteenth century British Empire is specifically explained. The only principle that could be agreed by all parties was that the naval defence of the Empire had to remain a British responsibility. Any departure from this safe common ground exposed Imperial disunity.
Julian Goodare
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207627
- eISBN:
- 9780191677748
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207627.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Social History
This chapter deals with the Borders and the Highlands. Scottish policy-makers regarded the Borders and Highlands as a problem. Older histories usually suggest that the problem of lawlessness was the ...
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This chapter deals with the Borders and the Highlands. Scottish policy-makers regarded the Borders and Highlands as a problem. Older histories usually suggest that the problem of lawlessness was the same in both regions. Nevertheless, the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries saw a series of remarkable Scottish attempts to extend state power into the Borders and Highlands. In their relations with the state, sixteenth-century Border lords were all Campbells. They all had deep roots in an autonomous political community that was hard for the state to influence. By 1625, such a division in the Highlands was more evident than ever. The ‘Highland problem’ created between 1581 and 1617 would remain to trouble the state; and the parallel ‘state problem’ would long remain to trouble the Highlands.Less
This chapter deals with the Borders and the Highlands. Scottish policy-makers regarded the Borders and Highlands as a problem. Older histories usually suggest that the problem of lawlessness was the same in both regions. Nevertheless, the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries saw a series of remarkable Scottish attempts to extend state power into the Borders and Highlands. In their relations with the state, sixteenth-century Border lords were all Campbells. They all had deep roots in an autonomous political community that was hard for the state to influence. By 1625, such a division in the Highlands was more evident than ever. The ‘Highland problem’ created between 1581 and 1617 would remain to trouble the state; and the parallel ‘state problem’ would long remain to trouble the Highlands.
Kelly E. Hayes
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520262645
- eISBN:
- 9780520949430
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520262645.003.0004
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Religion
Anyone who has spent significant time in Brazil inevitably will have been warned of the periferia, a term that identifies not only the perimeter of urban space but also the marginal conditions ...
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Anyone who has spent significant time in Brazil inevitably will have been warned of the periferia, a term that identifies not only the perimeter of urban space but also the marginal conditions believed to prevail there. In its most narrow usage, periferia refers to the shantytowns and blocks of low-income housing that have sprouted around the edges of Rio de Janeiro and other urban centers in Brazil. More broadly periferia denotes a boundary zone, but it lends itself to a web of referents expanding its meaning beyond the purely spatial to encompass both the moral and social connotations of life on the edge: marginality, lawlessness, immorality, chaos. Rape and robbery are imagined to be commonplace events in the periferia, perversions of legitimate sexual relations and modes of exchange that only hint at the dangers that lie in wait for decent, respectable people who, unwittingly or not, venture there.Less
Anyone who has spent significant time in Brazil inevitably will have been warned of the periferia, a term that identifies not only the perimeter of urban space but also the marginal conditions believed to prevail there. In its most narrow usage, periferia refers to the shantytowns and blocks of low-income housing that have sprouted around the edges of Rio de Janeiro and other urban centers in Brazil. More broadly periferia denotes a boundary zone, but it lends itself to a web of referents expanding its meaning beyond the purely spatial to encompass both the moral and social connotations of life on the edge: marginality, lawlessness, immorality, chaos. Rape and robbery are imagined to be commonplace events in the periferia, perversions of legitimate sexual relations and modes of exchange that only hint at the dangers that lie in wait for decent, respectable people who, unwittingly or not, venture there.
Günter Leypoldt
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748635740
- eISBN:
- 9780748651658
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748635740.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This chapter discusses Whitman's concept of poetic lawlessness, which shifts from primitivist and professionalist conceptions of literary expression; examines Whitman's post-Kantian voice; and then ...
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This chapter discusses Whitman's concept of poetic lawlessness, which shifts from primitivist and professionalist conceptions of literary expression; examines Whitman's post-Kantian voice; and then looks at his uses of historicism. The next section studies cultural consistency and Whitman's influence on American style, followed by a discussion of the form–content distinction, natural prose, liberated perception, and democratic realism.Less
This chapter discusses Whitman's concept of poetic lawlessness, which shifts from primitivist and professionalist conceptions of literary expression; examines Whitman's post-Kantian voice; and then looks at his uses of historicism. The next section studies cultural consistency and Whitman's influence on American style, followed by a discussion of the form–content distinction, natural prose, liberated perception, and democratic realism.
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804775892
- eISBN:
- 9780804778183
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804775892.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
This chapter examines the changes in literature and works of fiction in Iran after the revolution in the 1970s. It describes how the works of writers such as Shahrnush Parsipur and Moniru Ravanipur ...
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This chapter examines the changes in literature and works of fiction in Iran after the revolution in the 1970s. It describes how the works of writers such as Shahrnush Parsipur and Moniru Ravanipur utilized the sense of lawlessness to reexamine the conventions and ideals of the social realism that dominated prose fiction before the revolution. The chapter suggests that the works of these writers appropriated the figure of the (dismembered) beloved and the ideal of the companionate wife as a way to express their views on the impact of fiction and historiography in imagining the modern Iranian woman.Less
This chapter examines the changes in literature and works of fiction in Iran after the revolution in the 1970s. It describes how the works of writers such as Shahrnush Parsipur and Moniru Ravanipur utilized the sense of lawlessness to reexamine the conventions and ideals of the social realism that dominated prose fiction before the revolution. The chapter suggests that the works of these writers appropriated the figure of the (dismembered) beloved and the ideal of the companionate wife as a way to express their views on the impact of fiction and historiography in imagining the modern Iranian woman.
James L. Gibson
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199259366
- eISBN:
- 9780191698606
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199259366.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Legal Profession and Ethics
Disrespect for the rule of law is considered one of the defining characteristics of Russian political culture. As with many depictions of Russian political culture, little accurate data exist to ...
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Disrespect for the rule of law is considered one of the defining characteristics of Russian political culture. As with many depictions of Russian political culture, little accurate data exist to substantiate this thesis. Drawing on social science survey evidence, this chapter examines the question of whether (and to what degree) ordinary Russians are sympathetic to the rule of law in principle. It demonstrates that the lawlessness of contemporary Russia cannot be explained by the attitudes of ordinary Russians to the rule of law as a normative value. In terms of their individual values, as opposed to their collective behaviour, Russians are not very different in any important way from other Europeans.Less
Disrespect for the rule of law is considered one of the defining characteristics of Russian political culture. As with many depictions of Russian political culture, little accurate data exist to substantiate this thesis. Drawing on social science survey evidence, this chapter examines the question of whether (and to what degree) ordinary Russians are sympathetic to the rule of law in principle. It demonstrates that the lawlessness of contemporary Russia cannot be explained by the attitudes of ordinary Russians to the rule of law as a normative value. In terms of their individual values, as opposed to their collective behaviour, Russians are not very different in any important way from other Europeans.
Geoffrey Pearson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847420947
- eISBN:
- 9781447303336
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847420947.003.0003
- Subject:
- Social Work, Crime and Justice
This chapter discusses respect and behaviour within the perspective of the streets of London. It traces Old England and Victorian values from narratives and accounts that illustrate the streets and ...
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This chapter discusses respect and behaviour within the perspective of the streets of London. It traces Old England and Victorian values from narratives and accounts that illustrate the streets and street life of the Victorian and Edwardian society where the once innocent street games of children and young people evolved into rowdyism and lawlessness. The chapter also examines the rise of hooliganism and hooligan gangs that spread violence and unrest in the streets of London. The rise of hooliganism in England paved the way for street fights, territorial supremacy and hostility against authorities. All of these were indicative of dwindling Victorian values of London, urban degeneration, a rise of poverty and inequality and a laxity of law and enforcement. The chapter also discusses the emergence of organized sports to counter youthful hostility and hooliganism. These organized sports and recreational activities were aimed to develop young people physically and morally through the rules of game and the discipline that comes with such competitive games.Less
This chapter discusses respect and behaviour within the perspective of the streets of London. It traces Old England and Victorian values from narratives and accounts that illustrate the streets and street life of the Victorian and Edwardian society where the once innocent street games of children and young people evolved into rowdyism and lawlessness. The chapter also examines the rise of hooliganism and hooligan gangs that spread violence and unrest in the streets of London. The rise of hooliganism in England paved the way for street fights, territorial supremacy and hostility against authorities. All of these were indicative of dwindling Victorian values of London, urban degeneration, a rise of poverty and inequality and a laxity of law and enforcement. The chapter also discusses the emergence of organized sports to counter youthful hostility and hooliganism. These organized sports and recreational activities were aimed to develop young people physically and morally through the rules of game and the discipline that comes with such competitive games.
Dick Hobbs, Philip Hadfield, Stuart Lister, and Simon Winlow
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199288007
- eISBN:
- 9780191700484
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199288007.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
The chapter examines how the economy has changed during the years when night time industries emerged. The modern times is characterised by the further convergence of cultural and economic spheres. ...
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The chapter examines how the economy has changed during the years when night time industries emerged. The modern times is characterised by the further convergence of cultural and economic spheres. Consumer capitalism is the driving factor behind experiential consumption. Another concept employed in the chapter is the concept of leisure. Its attainment has become so valuable among the youth that it has become how they identify themselves. It also discusses the aspects that define the night time industry and examines how night life has become partnered with commercial interests in order to form lawlessness and disorder in the cities.Less
The chapter examines how the economy has changed during the years when night time industries emerged. The modern times is characterised by the further convergence of cultural and economic spheres. Consumer capitalism is the driving factor behind experiential consumption. Another concept employed in the chapter is the concept of leisure. Its attainment has become so valuable among the youth that it has become how they identify themselves. It also discusses the aspects that define the night time industry and examines how night life has become partnered with commercial interests in order to form lawlessness and disorder in the cities.
Kathryn Hendley
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781501705243
- eISBN:
- 9781501708107
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501705243.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This book examines how ordinary Russians experience the law and the legal system. Russia consistently ranks near the bottom of indexes that measure the rule of law, an indication of the country's ...
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This book examines how ordinary Russians experience the law and the legal system. Russia consistently ranks near the bottom of indexes that measure the rule of law, an indication of the country's willingness to use the law as an instrument to punish its enemies. The book considers whether the fact that the Kremlin is able to dictate the outcome of cases seemingly at will—a phenomenon known as “telephone justice”—deprives law of its fundamental value as a touchstone for society. Drawing on the literature on “everyday law,” it argues that the routine behavior of individuals, firms, and institutions can tell us something more about the role of law in Russian life than do sensationalized cases. Rather than focusing on the “supply” of laws, the book concentrates on the “demand” for law. This introduction discusses the perceived lawlessness in Soviet Russia and the dualism that lies at the heart of Russians' attitudes toward law and legal institutions. It also provides an overview of the book's chapters.Less
This book examines how ordinary Russians experience the law and the legal system. Russia consistently ranks near the bottom of indexes that measure the rule of law, an indication of the country's willingness to use the law as an instrument to punish its enemies. The book considers whether the fact that the Kremlin is able to dictate the outcome of cases seemingly at will—a phenomenon known as “telephone justice”—deprives law of its fundamental value as a touchstone for society. Drawing on the literature on “everyday law,” it argues that the routine behavior of individuals, firms, and institutions can tell us something more about the role of law in Russian life than do sensationalized cases. Rather than focusing on the “supply” of laws, the book concentrates on the “demand” for law. This introduction discusses the perceived lawlessness in Soviet Russia and the dualism that lies at the heart of Russians' attitudes toward law and legal institutions. It also provides an overview of the book's chapters.
Davis W. Houck and David E. Dixon
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781604731071
- eISBN:
- 9781604737608
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781604731071.003.0032
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
Born on October 8, 1922, in Amite County, Mississippi, Elizabeth Taplin Allen was a civil rights activist whose husband, Louis Allen, was killed in 1964 after telling the truth about the murder of ...
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Born on October 8, 1922, in Amite County, Mississippi, Elizabeth Taplin Allen was a civil rights activist whose husband, Louis Allen, was killed in 1964 after telling the truth about the murder of Herbert Lee, a local farmer and founding member of the NAACP in Amite County. On June 16, 1964, less than six months after her husband’s brutal murder, Allen testified before a House subcommittee in Washington D.C. This chapter reproduces Allen’s testimony, in which she described the terror faced by blacks in Mississippi due to white intimidation and lawlessness.Less
Born on October 8, 1922, in Amite County, Mississippi, Elizabeth Taplin Allen was a civil rights activist whose husband, Louis Allen, was killed in 1964 after telling the truth about the murder of Herbert Lee, a local farmer and founding member of the NAACP in Amite County. On June 16, 1964, less than six months after her husband’s brutal murder, Allen testified before a House subcommittee in Washington D.C. This chapter reproduces Allen’s testimony, in which she described the terror faced by blacks in Mississippi due to white intimidation and lawlessness.
David G. Barrie
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781845860165
- eISBN:
- 9781474406017
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781845860165.003.0009
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
This chapter examines the level of crime and lawlessness in Georgian Dundee over the pre-war era, 1770–1792; during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1793–1815; and during the ...
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This chapter examines the level of crime and lawlessness in Georgian Dundee over the pre-war era, 1770–1792; during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1793–1815; and during the post-Napoleonic period, 1816–1820. Before 1793, Dundee's crime rate was 30 per cent below the regional average, and this figure was reduced even further once the young men went off to war. Dundee was the only major burgh in Scotland not to institute a salaried watch between 1800 and 1815, and there was a distinct reluctance by the authorities to prosecute. Once the war ended, however, with soldiers and sailors returning, and the town speedily expanding with steam-powered textile mills, robberies increased, and people began to feel much more alarmed than they used to be at traditional expressions of displeasure such as food riots. A watching scheme was finally introduced in 1816.Less
This chapter examines the level of crime and lawlessness in Georgian Dundee over the pre-war era, 1770–1792; during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1793–1815; and during the post-Napoleonic period, 1816–1820. Before 1793, Dundee's crime rate was 30 per cent below the regional average, and this figure was reduced even further once the young men went off to war. Dundee was the only major burgh in Scotland not to institute a salaried watch between 1800 and 1815, and there was a distinct reluctance by the authorities to prosecute. Once the war ended, however, with soldiers and sailors returning, and the town speedily expanding with steam-powered textile mills, robberies increased, and people began to feel much more alarmed than they used to be at traditional expressions of displeasure such as food riots. A watching scheme was finally introduced in 1816.
Yemima Ben-Menahem
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691174938
- eISBN:
- 9781400889297
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691174938.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter examines the relations between different levels of causation, the scope and limits of reduction, the concept of emergence and its connection to causal reductionism, and the intriguing ...
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This chapter examines the relations between different levels of causation, the scope and limits of reduction, the concept of emergence and its connection to causal reductionism, and the intriguing possibility of lawless events in a deterministic world. It first reviews some notable developments in twentieth-century philosophy of mind, with a particular focus on Donald Davidson's anomalous monism, before discussing two approaches to reduction—one in terms of the logical relations between theories, the other in terms of causation. It then considers a variant of causal eliminativism, dubbed “higher-level eliminativism,” or “causal fundamentalism,” and the concerns that motivate it. It also explores how emergence figures in debates over reductionism, arguments that purport to demonstrate the inconsistency of higher-level causation, and the limits of reduction in physics. Finally, it shows how the possibility of lawlessness gives rise to conceptual categories that completely resist subjection to projectable scientific laws.Less
This chapter examines the relations between different levels of causation, the scope and limits of reduction, the concept of emergence and its connection to causal reductionism, and the intriguing possibility of lawless events in a deterministic world. It first reviews some notable developments in twentieth-century philosophy of mind, with a particular focus on Donald Davidson's anomalous monism, before discussing two approaches to reduction—one in terms of the logical relations between theories, the other in terms of causation. It then considers a variant of causal eliminativism, dubbed “higher-level eliminativism,” or “causal fundamentalism,” and the concerns that motivate it. It also explores how emergence figures in debates over reductionism, arguments that purport to demonstrate the inconsistency of higher-level causation, and the limits of reduction in physics. Finally, it shows how the possibility of lawlessness gives rise to conceptual categories that completely resist subjection to projectable scientific laws.
Robert Garland
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781904675020
- eISBN:
- 9781781380611
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781904675020.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This chapter describes the crisis of the late Republic. In Caesar's day the Republic was coming under increasing strain, largely due to the fact that it could no longer cope with the administration ...
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This chapter describes the crisis of the late Republic. In Caesar's day the Republic was coming under increasing strain, largely due to the fact that it could no longer cope with the administration of Rome's vast Mediterranean-based empire. The Republic was plagued by deep-seated problems in Rome's governing body, as well as the way that the empire was governed; the frequent use of violence to resolve conflict; and lawlessness and social unrest.Less
This chapter describes the crisis of the late Republic. In Caesar's day the Republic was coming under increasing strain, largely due to the fact that it could no longer cope with the administration of Rome's vast Mediterranean-based empire. The Republic was plagued by deep-seated problems in Rome's governing body, as well as the way that the empire was governed; the frequent use of violence to resolve conflict; and lawlessness and social unrest.
Earl J. Hess
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807835425
- eISBN:
- 9781469601892
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807869840_hess.4
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
The Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter on April 12–14, 1861 was an overt act of violence and lawlessness, solidifying a common cause for Northerners. Another issue that emerged among the ...
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The Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter on April 12–14, 1861 was an overt act of violence and lawlessness, solidifying a common cause for Northerners. Another issue that emerged among the Northerners as a further motivation for fighting was the question of sovereignty over Mississippi River, a vast artery of commerce and communications.Less
The Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter on April 12–14, 1861 was an overt act of violence and lawlessness, solidifying a common cause for Northerners. Another issue that emerged among the Northerners as a further motivation for fighting was the question of sovereignty over Mississippi River, a vast artery of commerce and communications.
M.K. Raghavendra
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199450565
- eISBN:
- 9780199083091
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199450565.003.0009
- Subject:
- Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
Kaminey is intended as a ‘dark’ film about criminality in everyday urban life and teems with gangsters, drug dealers, and crooked politicians, but the curiously celebratory approach of the film ...
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Kaminey is intended as a ‘dark’ film about criminality in everyday urban life and teems with gangsters, drug dealers, and crooked politicians, but the curiously celebratory approach of the film leaves one in doubt about the darkness of its vision, especially considering the endorsement of illegality in many of the earlier films as a legitimate component of enterprise. The film traces the trajectory of urban crime in Hindi cinema and examines how the film is different from Satya (1998) or Deewar (1975). It provides evidence that the weakening state has actually represented ‘opportunity’ to many from the entrepreneurial classes and this is fundamentally the discourse in its celebrations.Less
Kaminey is intended as a ‘dark’ film about criminality in everyday urban life and teems with gangsters, drug dealers, and crooked politicians, but the curiously celebratory approach of the film leaves one in doubt about the darkness of its vision, especially considering the endorsement of illegality in many of the earlier films as a legitimate component of enterprise. The film traces the trajectory of urban crime in Hindi cinema and examines how the film is different from Satya (1998) or Deewar (1975). It provides evidence that the weakening state has actually represented ‘opportunity’ to many from the entrepreneurial classes and this is fundamentally the discourse in its celebrations.
Angela Woollacott
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199641802
- eISBN:
- 9780191779091
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199641802.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History, Cultural History
This chapter calls into question the legend that self-government in the Australian colonies was won by a progressive reform movement that operated in a purely political realm divorced from the messy ...
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This chapter calls into question the legend that self-government in the Australian colonies was won by a progressive reform movement that operated in a purely political realm divorced from the messy realities of the frontier. It considers various forms of violence that shaped the reaches of settler society in the early to mid-nineteenth century, and teases out ways in which these forms of violence were connected to constructions of manhood, not least ideas of settler manhood that would feed into claims for political authority. Frontier warfare was one part of a wider culture of violence and lawlessness. The chapter considers bushrangers on the one hand and Crown Lands commissioners on the other, concluding with the case study of Thomas Murray-Prior, a leading Queensland pastoralist, plantation owner, civil servant and politician, revealing how, in settler society, frontier violence was accepted within evolving definitions of manhood and hence political responsibility.Less
This chapter calls into question the legend that self-government in the Australian colonies was won by a progressive reform movement that operated in a purely political realm divorced from the messy realities of the frontier. It considers various forms of violence that shaped the reaches of settler society in the early to mid-nineteenth century, and teases out ways in which these forms of violence were connected to constructions of manhood, not least ideas of settler manhood that would feed into claims for political authority. Frontier warfare was one part of a wider culture of violence and lawlessness. The chapter considers bushrangers on the one hand and Crown Lands commissioners on the other, concluding with the case study of Thomas Murray-Prior, a leading Queensland pastoralist, plantation owner, civil servant and politician, revealing how, in settler society, frontier violence was accepted within evolving definitions of manhood and hence political responsibility.
