Wilson McLeod
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199247226
- eISBN:
- 9780191714610
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199247226.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter discusses the changing political and cultural context within Ireland and within Scotland. Although Ireland underwent dramatic change during the classical period, it was the fundamental ...
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This chapter discusses the changing political and cultural context within Ireland and within Scotland. Although Ireland underwent dramatic change during the classical period, it was the fundamental restructuring of Scottish Gaeldom and Scottish Gaelic identity that brought about a reworking of the cultural relationship between Gaelic Scotland and Gaelic Ireland during this era. Scottish Gaeldom came to reorient itself towards Ireland and away from the south and east — areas that were being transformed into the Galldachd or ‘Lowlands’. At the same time, the Norse presence in the Hebrides and adjoining western littoral, established from the 9th century onwards, faded steadily during this era, working a process of re-Gaelicization in what was becoming the Gàidhealtachd or ‘Highlands’. These developments meant that ‘Gaelic’ Scotland in the late medieval period was very different from what it had been at the start of the millennium, and that the connection to Ireland was reshaped accordingly.Less
This chapter discusses the changing political and cultural context within Ireland and within Scotland. Although Ireland underwent dramatic change during the classical period, it was the fundamental restructuring of Scottish Gaeldom and Scottish Gaelic identity that brought about a reworking of the cultural relationship between Gaelic Scotland and Gaelic Ireland during this era. Scottish Gaeldom came to reorient itself towards Ireland and away from the south and east — areas that were being transformed into the Galldachd or ‘Lowlands’. At the same time, the Norse presence in the Hebrides and adjoining western littoral, established from the 9th century onwards, faded steadily during this era, working a process of re-Gaelicization in what was becoming the Gàidhealtachd or ‘Highlands’. These developments meant that ‘Gaelic’ Scotland in the late medieval period was very different from what it had been at the start of the millennium, and that the connection to Ireland was reshaped accordingly.
R. B. Dobson
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199510122
- eISBN:
- 9780191700941
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199510122.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter evaluates the contribution of the religious orders to the life of Oxford University in the years from 1370 to 1530. It discusses that the university's physical appearance had been more ...
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This chapter evaluates the contribution of the religious orders to the life of Oxford University in the years from 1370 to 1530. It discusses that the university's physical appearance had been more profoundly formed by its religious houses than by any other institutional buildings. It also describes Oxford's ten religious communities. It discusses the influence of Oxford's educated university theologians during the late medieval England.Less
This chapter evaluates the contribution of the religious orders to the life of Oxford University in the years from 1370 to 1530. It discusses that the university's physical appearance had been more profoundly formed by its religious houses than by any other institutional buildings. It also describes Oxford's ten religious communities. It discusses the influence of Oxford's educated university theologians during the late medieval England.
Wilson McLeod
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199247226
- eISBN:
- 9780191714610
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199247226.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
One of the most basic problems complicating the study of relations between Gaelic Scotland and Gaelic Ireland in the late medieval period is the dearth of surviving Gaelic writings from Scotland, ...
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One of the most basic problems complicating the study of relations between Gaelic Scotland and Gaelic Ireland in the late medieval period is the dearth of surviving Gaelic writings from Scotland, especially writings of a literary nature. This scarcity of source material is a major obstacle to the study and interpretation of cultural outlooks; but at the same time the very fact of this lack is an important issue in itself, demanding explanation. This chapter examines the dynamics of literary and intellectual culture in Gaelic Scotland and Gaelic Ireland, and marks out the nature of their interaction.Less
One of the most basic problems complicating the study of relations between Gaelic Scotland and Gaelic Ireland in the late medieval period is the dearth of surviving Gaelic writings from Scotland, especially writings of a literary nature. This scarcity of source material is a major obstacle to the study and interpretation of cultural outlooks; but at the same time the very fact of this lack is an important issue in itself, demanding explanation. This chapter examines the dynamics of literary and intellectual culture in Gaelic Scotland and Gaelic Ireland, and marks out the nature of their interaction.
J. H. Burns
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202066
- eISBN:
- 9780191675133
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202066.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This is a study of the ideology of monarchy in late medieval Europe. In the 15th and early 16th centuries, European monarchies faced a series of crises and conflicts, which gave rise to intense ...
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This is a study of the ideology of monarchy in late medieval Europe. In the 15th and early 16th centuries, European monarchies faced a series of crises and conflicts, which gave rise to intense debate as to the nature and authority of monarchy in its various forms. From such debates and polemics emerged many of the ideas that were to sustain the later confrontation between ‘absolutism’ and ‘constitutionalism’. This book examines the ideas generated by various crises of monarchy in France, England, the Spanish kingdoms, and what still claimed to be the ‘universal’ monarchies of Empire and Papacy.Less
This is a study of the ideology of monarchy in late medieval Europe. In the 15th and early 16th centuries, European monarchies faced a series of crises and conflicts, which gave rise to intense debate as to the nature and authority of monarchy in its various forms. From such debates and polemics emerged many of the ideas that were to sustain the later confrontation between ‘absolutism’ and ‘constitutionalism’. This book examines the ideas generated by various crises of monarchy in France, England, the Spanish kingdoms, and what still claimed to be the ‘universal’ monarchies of Empire and Papacy.
E.J. Ashworth and P. V. Spade
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199510122
- eISBN:
- 9780191700941
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199510122.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter discusses three main periods in the history of Oxford logic that occurred approximately between 1330 and 1500. It talks about three Merton authors who were accountable for the course of ...
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This chapter discusses three main periods in the history of Oxford logic that occurred approximately between 1330 and 1500. It talks about three Merton authors who were accountable for the course of much subsequent medieval logical theory — Thomas Bradwardine (1295–1349), William Heytesbury (1313–1372 or 1373), and Richard Billingham. This chapter also evaluates the logical activities that occurred during the late medieval period in Oxford by looking at the collections of texts that circulated in manuscript and were eventually printed as the two libelli sophistarum. It argues that the libelli sophistarum shows a disappointing picture of English logic in the fifteenth century. However, Oxford logic was excellent for it reached a level of sophistication and insight that was not gained anywhere else until the end of the seventeenth century with Leibniz, and not surpassed until the middle of the nineteenth century.Less
This chapter discusses three main periods in the history of Oxford logic that occurred approximately between 1330 and 1500. It talks about three Merton authors who were accountable for the course of much subsequent medieval logical theory — Thomas Bradwardine (1295–1349), William Heytesbury (1313–1372 or 1373), and Richard Billingham. This chapter also evaluates the logical activities that occurred during the late medieval period in Oxford by looking at the collections of texts that circulated in manuscript and were eventually printed as the two libelli sophistarum. It argues that the libelli sophistarum shows a disappointing picture of English logic in the fifteenth century. However, Oxford logic was excellent for it reached a level of sophistication and insight that was not gained anywhere else until the end of the seventeenth century with Leibniz, and not surpassed until the middle of the nineteenth century.
P. J. P. Goldberg
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201540
- eISBN:
- 9780191674938
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201540.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History, Economic History
This chapter explores more fully the structure of late medieval English society and examines the role women played in economic life. It compares and contrasts this with the post-medieval English ...
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This chapter explores more fully the structure of late medieval English society and examines the role women played in economic life. It compares and contrasts this with the post-medieval English evidence and some continental evidence, notably for Tuscany around the time of the great tax survey or catasto of 1427, a society that allowed women little economic or emotional independence. On one hand, it considers the issue of household and marriage in late medieval England. On the other hand, it considers the wider question of the relationship between movements in the economy. It proposes a new hypothesis that links increasing demand for female labour with greater autonomy for women in deciding when and whom to marry. This hypothesis suggests an essentially anti-Malthusian relationship between nuptiality and economic opportunity for women.Less
This chapter explores more fully the structure of late medieval English society and examines the role women played in economic life. It compares and contrasts this with the post-medieval English evidence and some continental evidence, notably for Tuscany around the time of the great tax survey or catasto of 1427, a society that allowed women little economic or emotional independence. On one hand, it considers the issue of household and marriage in late medieval England. On the other hand, it considers the wider question of the relationship between movements in the economy. It proposes a new hypothesis that links increasing demand for female labour with greater autonomy for women in deciding when and whom to marry. This hypothesis suggests an essentially anti-Malthusian relationship between nuptiality and economic opportunity for women.
Tim William Machan
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199282128
- eISBN:
- 9780191718991
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199282128.003.0003
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, English Language
This chapter explores the ways in which linguistic beliefs convey meaning. It considers both the role of English within the linguistic repertoire of the period (its relations to Latin and French in ...
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This chapter explores the ways in which linguistic beliefs convey meaning. It considers both the role of English within the linguistic repertoire of the period (its relations to Latin and French in particular) and the relative status among varieties of English.Less
This chapter explores the ways in which linguistic beliefs convey meaning. It considers both the role of English within the linguistic repertoire of the period (its relations to Latin and French in particular) and the relative status among varieties of English.
Robert Kolb
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199208937
- eISBN:
- 9780191695742
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199208937.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology, History of Christianity
Martin Luther's thought continues to challenge people throughout the world in the twenty-first century. His paradigmatic shift in defining God and what it means to be human left behind a foundation ...
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Martin Luther's thought continues to challenge people throughout the world in the twenty-first century. His paradigmatic shift in defining God and what it means to be human left behind a foundation for viewing human creatures that was anchored in Aristotle's anthropology. Luther defined the Revealed God in terms of his mercy and love for human beings, based not on their merit and performance but rather on his unconditioned grace. He placed ‘fearing, loving, and trusting God above all else’ at the heart of his definition of being human. This volume places the development and exposition of these key presuppositions in Luther's thinking within the historical context of late medieval theology and piety as well as the unfolding dynamics of political and social change at the dawn of the modern era. Special attention is given the development of a ‘Wittenberg way’ of practicing theology under Luther's leadership, which left behind a dependence on allegorical methods of biblical interpretation for a ‘literal-prophetic’ approach to Scripture. More importantly, it placed the distinction between the ‘gospel’ as God's unmerited gift of identity as his children and the ‘law’ at the heart of all interpretation of the Bible.Less
Martin Luther's thought continues to challenge people throughout the world in the twenty-first century. His paradigmatic shift in defining God and what it means to be human left behind a foundation for viewing human creatures that was anchored in Aristotle's anthropology. Luther defined the Revealed God in terms of his mercy and love for human beings, based not on their merit and performance but rather on his unconditioned grace. He placed ‘fearing, loving, and trusting God above all else’ at the heart of his definition of being human. This volume places the development and exposition of these key presuppositions in Luther's thinking within the historical context of late medieval theology and piety as well as the unfolding dynamics of political and social change at the dawn of the modern era. Special attention is given the development of a ‘Wittenberg way’ of practicing theology under Luther's leadership, which left behind a dependence on allegorical methods of biblical interpretation for a ‘literal-prophetic’ approach to Scripture. More importantly, it placed the distinction between the ‘gospel’ as God's unmerited gift of identity as his children and the ‘law’ at the heart of all interpretation of the Bible.
Rosalind Brown-Grant
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199554140
- eISBN:
- 9780191721069
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199554140.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
Whilst French romances of the 12th and 13th centuries enjoy a privileged place in the literary history of France, romances from the later middle ages have been neglected by modern scholars. In ...
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Whilst French romances of the 12th and 13th centuries enjoy a privileged place in the literary history of France, romances from the later middle ages have been neglected by modern scholars. In particular, although this genre has been seen as providing a forum within which contemporary ideas about masculine and feminine roles were debated, little work has been done on the gender ideology of 14th- and 15th-century texts. This book's aims is to fill this gap in the scholarship by analysing how the views of gender found in earlier romances were reshaped in the texts produced in the moralising intellectual environment of the later medieval period. In order to explore these topics, the book discusses sixteen historico-realist prose romances written between 1390 and 1480, many of which were commissioned at the court of Burgundy. It addresses key issues in recent studies of gender in medieval culture including the construction of chivalric masculinity, the representation of adolescent desire, and the social and sexual roles of husbands and wives. In addition to offering close readings of these texts, it shows how the romances of the period were informed by ideas about gender which circulated in contemporary works such as manuals of chivalry, moral treatises, and marriage sermons. It aims to question the critical consensus on the role of gender in medieval romance that has arisen from an exclusive focus on earlier works in the genre.Less
Whilst French romances of the 12th and 13th centuries enjoy a privileged place in the literary history of France, romances from the later middle ages have been neglected by modern scholars. In particular, although this genre has been seen as providing a forum within which contemporary ideas about masculine and feminine roles were debated, little work has been done on the gender ideology of 14th- and 15th-century texts. This book's aims is to fill this gap in the scholarship by analysing how the views of gender found in earlier romances were reshaped in the texts produced in the moralising intellectual environment of the later medieval period. In order to explore these topics, the book discusses sixteen historico-realist prose romances written between 1390 and 1480, many of which were commissioned at the court of Burgundy. It addresses key issues in recent studies of gender in medieval culture including the construction of chivalric masculinity, the representation of adolescent desire, and the social and sexual roles of husbands and wives. In addition to offering close readings of these texts, it shows how the romances of the period were informed by ideas about gender which circulated in contemporary works such as manuals of chivalry, moral treatises, and marriage sermons. It aims to question the critical consensus on the role of gender in medieval romance that has arisen from an exclusive focus on earlier works in the genre.
Jacob M Baum
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780252042195
- eISBN:
- 9780252050930
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252042195.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Through careful examination of religious beliefs and practices in the German-speaking world from approximately 1400 to 1600, this book challenges the centuries-old narrative of the transition from ...
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Through careful examination of religious beliefs and practices in the German-speaking world from approximately 1400 to 1600, this book challenges the centuries-old narrative of the transition from late medieval Christianity to Protestantism as a process of “de-sensualizing” religion. The common assumption that Protestant Christianity is somehow more intellectual and less sensual than its late medieval and Catholic counterparts has its origins in the culture of the German evangelical movements of the early sixteenth century, and continues to influence how we think and talk about religious difference generally to this day. This study develops a critique of this narrative in two parts, integrating periods of late medieval and early modern history, often treated as distinct fields of study. In part 1 of the study, critical scrutiny of the practical provisioning for sensuous worship and discussions about its meaning in the church of the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries reveals that late medieval religion was a far more complex, locally variegated, and dynamic thing than scholarly and popular narratives of the “sensuous” Middle Ages often assume. Part 2 turns to the early Protestant Reformation’s relationship to the late medieval paradigm. It shows that popular discourse framed the early Reformation as inaugurating a fundamental break with the world that came before it. Despite this, considerable continuities in belief and practice persisted, particularly in the Lutheran tradition, but also, significantly, among reformed traditions often perceived as representing a more definitively modern, and correspondingly less sensuous, form of Christianity.Less
Through careful examination of religious beliefs and practices in the German-speaking world from approximately 1400 to 1600, this book challenges the centuries-old narrative of the transition from late medieval Christianity to Protestantism as a process of “de-sensualizing” religion. The common assumption that Protestant Christianity is somehow more intellectual and less sensual than its late medieval and Catholic counterparts has its origins in the culture of the German evangelical movements of the early sixteenth century, and continues to influence how we think and talk about religious difference generally to this day. This study develops a critique of this narrative in two parts, integrating periods of late medieval and early modern history, often treated as distinct fields of study. In part 1 of the study, critical scrutiny of the practical provisioning for sensuous worship and discussions about its meaning in the church of the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries reveals that late medieval religion was a far more complex, locally variegated, and dynamic thing than scholarly and popular narratives of the “sensuous” Middle Ages often assume. Part 2 turns to the early Protestant Reformation’s relationship to the late medieval paradigm. It shows that popular discourse framed the early Reformation as inaugurating a fundamental break with the world that came before it. Despite this, considerable continuities in belief and practice persisted, particularly in the Lutheran tradition, but also, significantly, among reformed traditions often perceived as representing a more definitively modern, and correspondingly less sensuous, form of Christianity.
H. Leith Spencer
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198112037
- eISBN:
- 9780191670664
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198112037.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
This book focuses on late medieval sermons and considers some of the requirements of preaching in general. The present study surveys in some detail the dissemination of the texts in the medieval ...
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This book focuses on late medieval sermons and considers some of the requirements of preaching in general. The present study surveys in some detail the dissemination of the texts in the medieval period. It concentrates upon manuscripts produced in c.1370–c.1500, which appear to have been disseminated in consequence of a number of interrelated developments which had their origins in the later fourteenth century. Notable among these are the enhanced prestige of English, the interests of an increasingly literate laity in more advanced matters of theology than the rudiments of Christian behaviour, and dissatisfaction with the Church, expressed by orthodox and heterodox alike, for what they saw as its failure as a social institution to exhibit the highest spiritual ideals.Less
This book focuses on late medieval sermons and considers some of the requirements of preaching in general. The present study surveys in some detail the dissemination of the texts in the medieval period. It concentrates upon manuscripts produced in c.1370–c.1500, which appear to have been disseminated in consequence of a number of interrelated developments which had their origins in the later fourteenth century. Notable among these are the enhanced prestige of English, the interests of an increasingly literate laity in more advanced matters of theology than the rudiments of Christian behaviour, and dissatisfaction with the Church, expressed by orthodox and heterodox alike, for what they saw as its failure as a social institution to exhibit the highest spiritual ideals.
ROGER B. MANNING
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198203247
- eISBN:
- 9780191675805
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203247.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Social History
This chapter examines the social and cultural context of hunting in late-medieval England. An analysis of the deer-hunting reveals much about the aristocracy and gentry of Tudor and early Stuart ...
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This chapter examines the social and cultural context of hunting in late-medieval England. An analysis of the deer-hunting reveals much about the aristocracy and gentry of Tudor and early Stuart England. The chapter explains that in the absence of war, the rituals of hunting symbolically helped to define these social classes as a military elite, and that hunting also served as a kind of preparation for war. It argues that unlawful deer hunting represented an attack upon the royal or aristocratic hunting preserve as a symbol of power, prerogative, and privilege.Less
This chapter examines the social and cultural context of hunting in late-medieval England. An analysis of the deer-hunting reveals much about the aristocracy and gentry of Tudor and early Stuart England. The chapter explains that in the absence of war, the rituals of hunting symbolically helped to define these social classes as a military elite, and that hunting also served as a kind of preparation for war. It argues that unlawful deer hunting represented an attack upon the royal or aristocratic hunting preserve as a symbol of power, prerogative, and privilege.
Alexander Murray
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207313
- eISBN:
- 9780191677625
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207313.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History, Social History
This chapter examines the handling of the property of the one who committed suicide. As far as can be divined from the treatment of a suicide's property, it examines by whom suicide was conceived to ...
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This chapter examines the handling of the property of the one who committed suicide. As far as can be divined from the treatment of a suicide's property, it examines by whom suicide was conceived to be a wrong. It considers ethical comments on suicide, and the doctrines embedded in law, implicitly or explicitly, have their own message in this context. In particular, it estimates the degree to which the Church may have influenced suicide laws in any of its varied roles. The first section depicts usages which treated property and body as the same. The second section looks more closely at the rules of confiscation. The third section deals with the main modifications allowed by late medieval law, to understand in what respects the economic debt was seen as open to remission.Less
This chapter examines the handling of the property of the one who committed suicide. As far as can be divined from the treatment of a suicide's property, it examines by whom suicide was conceived to be a wrong. It considers ethical comments on suicide, and the doctrines embedded in law, implicitly or explicitly, have their own message in this context. In particular, it estimates the degree to which the Church may have influenced suicide laws in any of its varied roles. The first section depicts usages which treated property and body as the same. The second section looks more closely at the rules of confiscation. The third section deals with the main modifications allowed by late medieval law, to understand in what respects the economic debt was seen as open to remission.
Eric Saak
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199646388
- eISBN:
- 9780199949960
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199646388.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History, Theology
The Conclusion sums up the argument, and offers definitions of the terms ‘Augustinianism’, ‘Late Medieval Augustinianism’, and ‘Augustinian’, based on the historical reconstruction of the historical ...
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The Conclusion sums up the argument, and offers definitions of the terms ‘Augustinianism’, ‘Late Medieval Augustinianism’, and ‘Augustinian’, based on the historical reconstruction of the historical referents. ‘Late Medieval Augustinianism’ must be based, for a historical interpretation, on the religio Augustini and the textual matrix of the late medieval OESA. This thenalso has consequences for our understanding of Augustine himself, and of his reception, influence, and appropriation in the later Middle Ages. It then points to the ramifications of this reinterpretation and new understanding, offering points of departure for future research, which needs to reinterpret Augustine’s late medieval heritage, as well as its relationship to Martin Luther and the emergence of the Reformation in light of the evidence for the requisite heremeutics here presented.Less
The Conclusion sums up the argument, and offers definitions of the terms ‘Augustinianism’, ‘Late Medieval Augustinianism’, and ‘Augustinian’, based on the historical reconstruction of the historical referents. ‘Late Medieval Augustinianism’ must be based, for a historical interpretation, on the religio Augustini and the textual matrix of the late medieval OESA. This thenalso has consequences for our understanding of Augustine himself, and of his reception, influence, and appropriation in the later Middle Ages. It then points to the ramifications of this reinterpretation and new understanding, offering points of departure for future research, which needs to reinterpret Augustine’s late medieval heritage, as well as its relationship to Martin Luther and the emergence of the Reformation in light of the evidence for the requisite heremeutics here presented.
Felicity Heal
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198217633
- eISBN:
- 9780191678257
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198217633.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
The late medieval social structure, the status of a gentleman, and the spirit of hospitality among various social ranks is presented in this chapter. Various sources such as the ‘Black Book’, ...
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The late medieval social structure, the status of a gentleman, and the spirit of hospitality among various social ranks is presented in this chapter. Various sources such as the ‘Black Book’, ‘Russell's Book of Nurture’, and ‘Fantasticks’ are quoted and explained. The customs and gestures used socially were in a way public acknowledgement of the demands of the honour code, as the continual reaffirmation of hierarchy, and this contributed in maintaining proper social order.Less
The late medieval social structure, the status of a gentleman, and the spirit of hospitality among various social ranks is presented in this chapter. Various sources such as the ‘Black Book’, ‘Russell's Book of Nurture’, and ‘Fantasticks’ are quoted and explained. The customs and gestures used socially were in a way public acknowledgement of the demands of the honour code, as the continual reaffirmation of hierarchy, and this contributed in maintaining proper social order.
Jacob M. Baum
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780252042195
- eISBN:
- 9780252050930
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252042195.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter introduces the narrative of de-sensualization promoted by early German Protestants, and briefly outlines its persistence in modern academic and popular discourse. It then addresses ...
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This chapter introduces the narrative of de-sensualization promoted by early German Protestants, and briefly outlines its persistence in modern academic and popular discourse. It then addresses recent attempts to deal with the senses in religion among historians of early modern Europe and the German Reformation specifically, showing how the scholarship has enriched our understanding of the relationship between religious changes and sensory culture in this period, but has tended to focus primarily on vision and hearing and has often ignored some of the political, economic, and social power dynamics that often complicated the place of the senses in religious belief and practice. Thereafter, it outlines the major arguments of the study, its scope and methodology, and previews each of the body chapters.Less
This chapter introduces the narrative of de-sensualization promoted by early German Protestants, and briefly outlines its persistence in modern academic and popular discourse. It then addresses recent attempts to deal with the senses in religion among historians of early modern Europe and the German Reformation specifically, showing how the scholarship has enriched our understanding of the relationship between religious changes and sensory culture in this period, but has tended to focus primarily on vision and hearing and has often ignored some of the political, economic, and social power dynamics that often complicated the place of the senses in religious belief and practice. Thereafter, it outlines the major arguments of the study, its scope and methodology, and previews each of the body chapters.
Robert Swanson
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780197266083
- eISBN:
- 9780191851476
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266083.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
The 15th and 16th centuries are often depicted as the death throes of Latin in England, supplanted by ‘The Rise of English’. Arguing that more English did not necessarily mean less Latin, this ...
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The 15th and 16th centuries are often depicted as the death throes of Latin in England, supplanted by ‘The Rise of English’. Arguing that more English did not necessarily mean less Latin, this chapter assesses the role of Latin in England from c.1400 to c.1540, and suggests that in terms of overall cultural history, use, and the accumulated inheritance from the past, this may have been when England was at its most Latinate of all. Considering the use of Latin as a spectrum of skills—reading, writing, speaking, and listening—and across a range of abilities, it offers a positive appreciation of late Medieval Latin as a vital force in a multilingual society.Less
The 15th and 16th centuries are often depicted as the death throes of Latin in England, supplanted by ‘The Rise of English’. Arguing that more English did not necessarily mean less Latin, this chapter assesses the role of Latin in England from c.1400 to c.1540, and suggests that in terms of overall cultural history, use, and the accumulated inheritance from the past, this may have been when England was at its most Latinate of all. Considering the use of Latin as a spectrum of skills—reading, writing, speaking, and listening—and across a range of abilities, it offers a positive appreciation of late Medieval Latin as a vital force in a multilingual society.
Maurizio Viroli
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691142357
- eISBN:
- 9781400845514
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691142357.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter focuses on republican and monarchical religion in late medieval Europe. Republican religion spread in a late medieval Europe dominated by monarchies that, from the thirteenth century on, ...
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This chapter focuses on republican and monarchical religion in late medieval Europe. Republican religion spread in a late medieval Europe dominated by monarchies that, from the thirteenth century on, had endowed themselves with a sacred dimension similar to that of the church. Jurists and political philosophers transferred the concept of corpus mysticum—intended to designate the church community as a body that cannot be seen by the eyes but can only be grasped by the intellect—to the state. Applied to the state, the concept of a mystical body referred mainly, but not exclusively, to the monarchy, where the king is at the head of the mystical-political body, just as Christ or his vicar on earth is at the head of the mystical body of the church. Thus, the main difference between the royal and the republican religion is that the former celebrates an individual mystical body—the king; the latter celebrates a collective mystical body—the republic.Less
This chapter focuses on republican and monarchical religion in late medieval Europe. Republican religion spread in a late medieval Europe dominated by monarchies that, from the thirteenth century on, had endowed themselves with a sacred dimension similar to that of the church. Jurists and political philosophers transferred the concept of corpus mysticum—intended to designate the church community as a body that cannot be seen by the eyes but can only be grasped by the intellect—to the state. Applied to the state, the concept of a mystical body referred mainly, but not exclusively, to the monarchy, where the king is at the head of the mystical-political body, just as Christ or his vicar on earth is at the head of the mystical body of the church. Thus, the main difference between the royal and the republican religion is that the former celebrates an individual mystical body—the king; the latter celebrates a collective mystical body—the republic.
Seeta Chaganti
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780823243242
- eISBN:
- 9780823243280
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823243242.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This collection responds to the critical legacy of Penn R. Szittya. Its contributors investigate how medieval poetic language uniquely reflects and also shapes social, political, and religious ...
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This collection responds to the critical legacy of Penn R. Szittya. Its contributors investigate how medieval poetic language uniquely reflects and also shapes social, political, and religious worlds. At a moment in contemporary culture when poetry finds its value increasingly challenged, Medieval Poetics and Social Practice looks to the late Middle Ages to assert the indispensability of poetry and poetics in the formation of social structures, actions, and utterances. The volume offers new readings of canonical late-medieval English poetic texts, such as Langland's Piers Plowman and Chaucer's Parliament of Fowls. In addition, it explores texts that have hitherto not held a central place in critical attention but that make important contributions to the literary culture of the period. These include The Prick of Conscience (1340–50), John Metham's Amoryus and Cleopes (1449), and the carols of James Ryman (1492). Examining the relationship between medieval poetics and social practice, the essays show how form and figure might define the structure of a power dynamic, elucidate didactic practices, and enable readers to think through the ethics of pedagogy. In this volume, considering poetics also means considering practices of teaching, learning, and social negotiation.Less
This collection responds to the critical legacy of Penn R. Szittya. Its contributors investigate how medieval poetic language uniquely reflects and also shapes social, political, and religious worlds. At a moment in contemporary culture when poetry finds its value increasingly challenged, Medieval Poetics and Social Practice looks to the late Middle Ages to assert the indispensability of poetry and poetics in the formation of social structures, actions, and utterances. The volume offers new readings of canonical late-medieval English poetic texts, such as Langland's Piers Plowman and Chaucer's Parliament of Fowls. In addition, it explores texts that have hitherto not held a central place in critical attention but that make important contributions to the literary culture of the period. These include The Prick of Conscience (1340–50), John Metham's Amoryus and Cleopes (1449), and the carols of James Ryman (1492). Examining the relationship between medieval poetics and social practice, the essays show how form and figure might define the structure of a power dynamic, elucidate didactic practices, and enable readers to think through the ethics of pedagogy. In this volume, considering poetics also means considering practices of teaching, learning, and social negotiation.
Arnoud S. Q. Visser
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199765935
- eISBN:
- 9780199895168
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199765935.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
The first collected edition of Augustine's works, published in 1505–6 by the Basel publisher Johann Amerbach, was the version that was used by the first generation of Reformers, including Martin ...
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The first collected edition of Augustine's works, published in 1505–6 by the Basel publisher Johann Amerbach, was the version that was used by the first generation of Reformers, including Martin Luther, Andreas Bodenstein von Karlstadt, Philip Melanchthon and Ulrich Zwingli. The work made an important contribution to establishing the Augustinian canon, yet in many other respects also continued traditional, late-medieval, forms of textual presentation. This chapter assesses the significance of the work for the intellectual history of the Reformation. It explores the manuscript dissemination of Augustine's works in the late fifteenth century before studying how Amerbach's edition dealt with this tradition. It argues that the work contributed crucially to Augustine's emancipation from to the ecclesiastical institutions that had traditionally preserved his legacy.Less
The first collected edition of Augustine's works, published in 1505–6 by the Basel publisher Johann Amerbach, was the version that was used by the first generation of Reformers, including Martin Luther, Andreas Bodenstein von Karlstadt, Philip Melanchthon and Ulrich Zwingli. The work made an important contribution to establishing the Augustinian canon, yet in many other respects also continued traditional, late-medieval, forms of textual presentation. This chapter assesses the significance of the work for the intellectual history of the Reformation. It explores the manuscript dissemination of Augustine's works in the late fifteenth century before studying how Amerbach's edition dealt with this tradition. It argues that the work contributed crucially to Augustine's emancipation from to the ecclesiastical institutions that had traditionally preserved his legacy.
