Joseph H. Carens
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297680
- eISBN:
- 9780191598937
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198297688.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Focuses on Will Kymlicka's Multicultural Citizenship. Applauds the work's path‐breaking attention to actual practices of group recognition in liberal democratic societies but criticizes its reliance ...
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Focuses on Will Kymlicka's Multicultural Citizenship. Applauds the work's path‐breaking attention to actual practices of group recognition in liberal democratic societies but criticizes its reliance on the concept of ‘societal culture’ to articulate a theoretical justification for these practices. It argues that this concept undermines the moral claims of immigrants and of small, vulnerable national minorities and generates a monocultural understanding of citizenship rather than a multicultural one. It contends that the concept of justice as evenhandedness provides a better guide for multiculturalism than the concept of societal culture and uses an extended discussion of language policy to illustrate the claim.Less
Focuses on Will Kymlicka's Multicultural Citizenship. Applauds the work's path‐breaking attention to actual practices of group recognition in liberal democratic societies but criticizes its reliance on the concept of ‘societal culture’ to articulate a theoretical justification for these practices. It argues that this concept undermines the moral claims of immigrants and of small, vulnerable national minorities and generates a monocultural understanding of citizenship rather than a multicultural one. It contends that the concept of justice as evenhandedness provides a better guide for multiculturalism than the concept of societal culture and uses an extended discussion of language policy to illustrate the claim.
Joseph H. Carens
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297680
- eISBN:
- 9780191598937
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198297688.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Considers what sorts of cultural adaptations may be expected of immigrants to a liberal democratic state by looking at the case of Quebec. Quebec is an interesting test case for this issue because it ...
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Considers what sorts of cultural adaptations may be expected of immigrants to a liberal democratic state by looking at the case of Quebec. Quebec is an interesting test case for this issue because it has an explicit political project of protecting and promoting a culturally distinct society. Nevertheless, Quebec's announced expectations of immigrants are remarkably modest: learn French and accept pluralism and democracy as the norms of public life. The chapter contends that Quebec's language policies and its official expectations of immigrants are morally defensible from the perspective of justice as evenhandedness because these are the sorts of demands that go hand in hand with a commitment to providing immigrants and their children with equal opportunities in Quebec and with the other rights and freedoms that a liberal democratic political community should provide to its members.Less
Considers what sorts of cultural adaptations may be expected of immigrants to a liberal democratic state by looking at the case of Quebec. Quebec is an interesting test case for this issue because it has an explicit political project of protecting and promoting a culturally distinct society. Nevertheless, Quebec's announced expectations of immigrants are remarkably modest: learn French and accept pluralism and democracy as the norms of public life. The chapter contends that Quebec's language policies and its official expectations of immigrants are morally defensible from the perspective of justice as evenhandedness because these are the sorts of demands that go hand in hand with a commitment to providing immigrants and their children with equal opportunities in Quebec and with the other rights and freedoms that a liberal democratic political community should provide to its members.
Pierre A. Coulombe
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780198297703
- eISBN:
- 9780191602948
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829770X.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
The principles that underlie official bilingualism are viewed broadly with the objective of making sense of the interplay between citizenship in the Canadian polity and its embodiment in federal (and ...
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The principles that underlie official bilingualism are viewed broadly with the objective of making sense of the interplay between citizenship in the Canadian polity and its embodiment in federal (and where relevant, provincial) language policy. Section 1 of the chapter gives an historical overview of events that have relevance to the development of official bilingualism construed as a civic commitment. Section 2 discusses three strands of citizenship that are involved in justifications (and criticisms) of language rights for French‐ and English‐speaking Canadians. Section 3 examines the degree to which some of these justifications can reflect moral ties between citizens and Section 4 looks at the current state of these ties.Less
The principles that underlie official bilingualism are viewed broadly with the objective of making sense of the interplay between citizenship in the Canadian polity and its embodiment in federal (and where relevant, provincial) language policy. Section 1 of the chapter gives an historical overview of events that have relevance to the development of official bilingualism construed as a civic commitment. Section 2 discusses three strands of citizenship that are involved in justifications (and criticisms) of language rights for French‐ and English‐speaking Canadians. Section 3 examines the degree to which some of these justifications can reflect moral ties between citizens and Section 4 looks at the current state of these ties.
Ruth Wodak and Scott Wright
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195304794
- eISBN:
- 9780199788248
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304794.003.0017
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter analyzes the European Union’s “Futurum” discussion forum, which was intended to help close the gap (“democratic deficit”) between institutions and citizens by facilitating a virtual, ...
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This chapter analyzes the European Union’s “Futurum” discussion forum, which was intended to help close the gap (“democratic deficit”) between institutions and citizens by facilitating a virtual, multilingual, transnational public sphere. Futurum was both an interesting example of how the EU’s language policies shape the structure of deliberative experiments and of a public debate about their relative value. Various quantitative measures of the discussions are combined with a critical discourse analysis of a thread that focused on language policies. Although the debates were predominantly in English, if a thread started in a language other than English, linguistic diversity was more prominent. Discourse and argumentation analysis of multilingual threads showed that multilingual interaction was fostered, and that the debate about language policies was politically and ideologically charged. The analysis also illustrates that deliberation and compromise were achieved, in contrast to other recently investigated discussion forums.Less
This chapter analyzes the European Union’s “Futurum” discussion forum, which was intended to help close the gap (“democratic deficit”) between institutions and citizens by facilitating a virtual, multilingual, transnational public sphere. Futurum was both an interesting example of how the EU’s language policies shape the structure of deliberative experiments and of a public debate about their relative value. Various quantitative measures of the discussions are combined with a critical discourse analysis of a thread that focused on language policies. Although the debates were predominantly in English, if a thread started in a language other than English, linguistic diversity was more prominent. Discourse and argumentation analysis of multilingual threads showed that multilingual interaction was fostered, and that the debate about language policies was politically and ideologically charged. The analysis also illustrates that deliberation and compromise were achieved, in contrast to other recently investigated discussion forums.
Jacqueline Mowbray
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199646616
- eISBN:
- 9780191745485
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199646616.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Philosophy of Law
As globalisation and migration produce societies of increasing linguistic diversity, the issue of how to ensure justice between speakers of different languages becomes a pressing social concern. ...
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As globalisation and migration produce societies of increasing linguistic diversity, the issue of how to ensure justice between speakers of different languages becomes a pressing social concern. Matters of ‘linguistic justice’ are therefore drawing increasing scholarly attention across a range of disciplines. How does international law contribute to linguistic justice? This book explores that question by conducting a comprehensive, interdisciplinary examination of international law on language, analysing the many disparate fields of international law which affect language use both directly (human rights, minority rights, and cultural heritage laws, for example) and indirectly (international trade law and international labour standards, among others). Moving beyond the technical analysis of legal provisions, the book explores the conceptual framework which underpins international law on language, unearthing underlying assumptions and ideas about what constitutes a ‘just’ language policy from a legal perspective. In doing so, the book draws on the methodology of sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, whose ideas of ‘habitus’ and ‘field’ offer a way of understanding the changing significance of language to human identity, and the way in which language becomes a focal point for the exercise of social power. This analysis reveals the limitations of contemporary international law on language, and charts a course towards the achievement of greater ‘linguistic justice’.Less
As globalisation and migration produce societies of increasing linguistic diversity, the issue of how to ensure justice between speakers of different languages becomes a pressing social concern. Matters of ‘linguistic justice’ are therefore drawing increasing scholarly attention across a range of disciplines. How does international law contribute to linguistic justice? This book explores that question by conducting a comprehensive, interdisciplinary examination of international law on language, analysing the many disparate fields of international law which affect language use both directly (human rights, minority rights, and cultural heritage laws, for example) and indirectly (international trade law and international labour standards, among others). Moving beyond the technical analysis of legal provisions, the book explores the conceptual framework which underpins international law on language, unearthing underlying assumptions and ideas about what constitutes a ‘just’ language policy from a legal perspective. In doing so, the book draws on the methodology of sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, whose ideas of ‘habitus’ and ‘field’ offer a way of understanding the changing significance of language to human identity, and the way in which language becomes a focal point for the exercise of social power. This analysis reveals the limitations of contemporary international law on language, and charts a course towards the achievement of greater ‘linguistic justice’.
Victor Ginsburgh and Shlomo Weber
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691136899
- eISBN:
- 9781400838905
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691136899.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, History of Economic Thought
This chapter describes how linguistic policies have led to the alienation and disenfranchisement of various groups or individuals restricted in their linguistic rights. It starts with a brief tour of ...
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This chapter describes how linguistic policies have led to the alienation and disenfranchisement of various groups or individuals restricted in their linguistic rights. It starts with a brief tour of linguistic challenges faced by mankind since what is known as the curse of the Tower of Babel. To guarantee cohesiveness and efficiency in a society, some compromising on language standardization, rooted in Max Weber's rationalization theory, becomes an essential part of public policies. Though standardization is appealing, it may have the undesirable consequence of disenfranchising various groups in a society. The chapter discusses both facets and describes various examples of standardization policies, as well as their intended and unintended consequences. It argues that economic advantages of standardization are important, but the threat of survival and the feeling of disenfranchisement by those who face restrictions of their linguistic privileges, deemed to be rights, have to be taken into account. Respecting the will of the people is a necessary condition for any sustainable success of long-range policies in a democratic setting.Less
This chapter describes how linguistic policies have led to the alienation and disenfranchisement of various groups or individuals restricted in their linguistic rights. It starts with a brief tour of linguistic challenges faced by mankind since what is known as the curse of the Tower of Babel. To guarantee cohesiveness and efficiency in a society, some compromising on language standardization, rooted in Max Weber's rationalization theory, becomes an essential part of public policies. Though standardization is appealing, it may have the undesirable consequence of disenfranchising various groups in a society. The chapter discusses both facets and describes various examples of standardization policies, as well as their intended and unintended consequences. It argues that economic advantages of standardization are important, but the threat of survival and the feeling of disenfranchisement by those who face restrictions of their linguistic privileges, deemed to be rights, have to be taken into account. Respecting the will of the people is a necessary condition for any sustainable success of long-range policies in a democratic setting.
Patrick Stevenson and Jenny Carl
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748635986
- eISBN:
- 9780748671472
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748635986.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This book explores the dynamics of language and social change in central Europe. One of the outcomes of the profound social transformations that this region has witnessed since the Second World War ...
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This book explores the dynamics of language and social change in central Europe. One of the outcomes of the profound social transformations that this region has witnessed since the Second World War has been the reshaping of the relationship between particular languages and linguistic varieties, especially between ‘national’ languages and regional or ethnic minority languages. Previous studies have investigated these changed relationships from the macro perspective of language policies, while others have taken an ethnographic approach to individual experiences with language. This book brings together these two perspectives for the first time, with a focus on the German language, which has a uniquely complex and problematic history in this region. By drawing on a range of theoretical, conceptual and analytical approaches – language ideologies, language policy, positioning theory, discourse analysis, narrative analysis and linguistic ethnography – and a wide range of data sources (from European and national language policies to individual language biographies) the authors show how the relationship between German and other languages has played a crucial role in the politics of language and processes of identity formation in the recent history of central Europe.Less
This book explores the dynamics of language and social change in central Europe. One of the outcomes of the profound social transformations that this region has witnessed since the Second World War has been the reshaping of the relationship between particular languages and linguistic varieties, especially between ‘national’ languages and regional or ethnic minority languages. Previous studies have investigated these changed relationships from the macro perspective of language policies, while others have taken an ethnographic approach to individual experiences with language. This book brings together these two perspectives for the first time, with a focus on the German language, which has a uniquely complex and problematic history in this region. By drawing on a range of theoretical, conceptual and analytical approaches – language ideologies, language policy, positioning theory, discourse analysis, narrative analysis and linguistic ethnography – and a wide range of data sources (from European and national language policies to individual language biographies) the authors show how the relationship between German and other languages has played a crucial role in the politics of language and processes of identity formation in the recent history of central Europe.
Patrick Stevenson and Jenny Carl
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748635986
- eISBN:
- 9780748671472
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748635986.003.0004
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
The focus in this chapter is on the complex ‘layering’ of language policy – an exploration of the multiple levels at which language policies are formulated and the conflicts between them, from ...
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The focus in this chapter is on the complex ‘layering’ of language policy – an exploration of the multiple levels at which language policies are formulated and the conflicts between them, from supranational EU and transnational corporate/commercial strategies promoting multilingualism in various forms, through national domestic and foreign cultural policies continuing to foster the idea of ‘national’ languages, to local-level lobbying of indigenous and migrant minority groups – and on the ways in which these policies/policy discourses impact on individual and collective lives by creating particular kinds of space.Less
The focus in this chapter is on the complex ‘layering’ of language policy – an exploration of the multiple levels at which language policies are formulated and the conflicts between them, from supranational EU and transnational corporate/commercial strategies promoting multilingualism in various forms, through national domestic and foreign cultural policies continuing to foster the idea of ‘national’ languages, to local-level lobbying of indigenous and migrant minority groups – and on the ways in which these policies/policy discourses impact on individual and collective lives by creating particular kinds of space.
Reem Bassiouney
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748623730
- eISBN:
- 9780748671373
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748623730.003.0006
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter provides a snapshot of different language policies in the Arab world, implemented ones and unimplemented ones, and of the ever-evolving relation between language, ideology, nation and ...
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This chapter provides a snapshot of different language policies in the Arab world, implemented ones and unimplemented ones, and of the ever-evolving relation between language, ideology, nation and state in the Arab world. Section 5.2 begins with a definition of language policy. Section 5.3 examines the general concept of nation and juxtaposes it with that of state, then discusses the relation between the Arab nation and language. Because both ideologies and policies in the Arab world have been shaped by the history of colonisation in the area, mainly British and French colonisation, Section 5.5 compares and contrasts French and British patterns of colonisation and their impact on ideology and policies. Some countries are examined in detail: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, Sudan, Israel, and the Palestinian territories. Section 5.6 considers the linguistic situation in Libya and the Gulf countries, and Section 5.7 discusses Arabic language academies and their main objectives. Section 5.8 provides a case study of two interviews with two presidents of Arab countries Syria and Yemen. Section 5.9 concentrates on the concept of linguistic rights with reference to the Arab world, and finally English and globalisation are discussed in Section 5.10.Less
This chapter provides a snapshot of different language policies in the Arab world, implemented ones and unimplemented ones, and of the ever-evolving relation between language, ideology, nation and state in the Arab world. Section 5.2 begins with a definition of language policy. Section 5.3 examines the general concept of nation and juxtaposes it with that of state, then discusses the relation between the Arab nation and language. Because both ideologies and policies in the Arab world have been shaped by the history of colonisation in the area, mainly British and French colonisation, Section 5.5 compares and contrasts French and British patterns of colonisation and their impact on ideology and policies. Some countries are examined in detail: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, Sudan, Israel, and the Palestinian territories. Section 5.6 considers the linguistic situation in Libya and the Gulf countries, and Section 5.7 discusses Arabic language academies and their main objectives. Section 5.8 provides a case study of two interviews with two presidents of Arab countries Syria and Yemen. Section 5.9 concentrates on the concept of linguistic rights with reference to the Arab world, and finally English and globalisation are discussed in Section 5.10.
Peter K. Austin and Julia Sallabank (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780197265765
- eISBN:
- 9780191771958
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265765.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Language Families
Over the few past centuries, and the last 65 years in particular, there has been a remarkable reduction in global linguistic diversity, as people abandon minority language varieties and switch to ...
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Over the few past centuries, and the last 65 years in particular, there has been a remarkable reduction in global linguistic diversity, as people abandon minority language varieties and switch to larger, and what they perceive to be more economically, socially and politically powerful, regional or national languages. In addition, governments have been promoting standardised official languages for use in schooling, media, and bureaucracy, often under a rubric of linguistic unity supporting national unity. The last two decades have seen a significant increase in interest in minority languages and language shift, endangerment, and loss, in academia and among language speakers and the wider public. There has also been growing interest from anthropological linguists and sociolinguists in the study of language ideologies and beliefs about languages. This volume brings together chapters on theoretical and practical issues in these two areas, especially the views of linguists and communities about support for and revitalization of endangered languages. The chapters thus go straight to the heart of ideological bases of reactions to language endangerment among those most closely involved, drawing their discussions from case studies of how language ideologies and beliefs affect language practices (and vice versa). Most of the authors conduct collaborative community-based research and take a reflective engagement stance to investigate (potential) clashes in ideological perspectives. This is one of the key theoretical and practical issues in research on endangered languages, and so has important implications for language documentation, support and revitalization, as well as language policy at local, national and international levels.Less
Over the few past centuries, and the last 65 years in particular, there has been a remarkable reduction in global linguistic diversity, as people abandon minority language varieties and switch to larger, and what they perceive to be more economically, socially and politically powerful, regional or national languages. In addition, governments have been promoting standardised official languages for use in schooling, media, and bureaucracy, often under a rubric of linguistic unity supporting national unity. The last two decades have seen a significant increase in interest in minority languages and language shift, endangerment, and loss, in academia and among language speakers and the wider public. There has also been growing interest from anthropological linguists and sociolinguists in the study of language ideologies and beliefs about languages. This volume brings together chapters on theoretical and practical issues in these two areas, especially the views of linguists and communities about support for and revitalization of endangered languages. The chapters thus go straight to the heart of ideological bases of reactions to language endangerment among those most closely involved, drawing their discussions from case studies of how language ideologies and beliefs affect language practices (and vice versa). Most of the authors conduct collaborative community-based research and take a reflective engagement stance to investigate (potential) clashes in ideological perspectives. This is one of the key theoretical and practical issues in research on endangered languages, and so has important implications for language documentation, support and revitalization, as well as language policy at local, national and international levels.
Angela M. Y. Lin and Evelyn Y. F. Man
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9789622099586
- eISBN:
- 9789888180233
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099586.001.0001
- Subject:
- Education, Secondary Education
Questions regarding whether a first or a second/foreign language should be used as a medium of instruction (MOI) in schools, and if yes, for whom, and when, have been enthusiastically debated in ...
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Questions regarding whether a first or a second/foreign language should be used as a medium of instruction (MOI) in schools, and if yes, for whom, and when, have been enthusiastically debated in recent years in Hong Kong and many Southeast Asian societies. The public debates, however, have largely not been able to benefit from the existing international body of research in bilingual education as well as the educational experiences of other countries. The reason is that such knowledge is often either couched in specialized, technical language or scattered over diverse journals and books, which are often off-putting to teachers, parents, school principals, policy makers and the general public. There is an urgent need to critically integrate and review the international research literature with a view to informing public debates and policy making regarding the medium of instruction in Hong Kong and other Southeast Asian contexts. This book aims at meeting this urgent need by discussing, in accessible language, research findings on key concepts of bilingual education, and recent developments of bilingual education policies in Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia. Teachers, students and researchers in the areas of bilingual education, language policy and planning (LPP), and studies of medium of instruction policy and practice both in Hong Kong and other Southeast Asian contexts will benefit from the book. Government officials and policy makers involved in language policy and planning, as well as school principals, parents and university administrators will also find this book especially useful in providing them with a research-based LPP framework for discussing and studying the pivotal issues in LPP in their respective contexts.Less
Questions regarding whether a first or a second/foreign language should be used as a medium of instruction (MOI) in schools, and if yes, for whom, and when, have been enthusiastically debated in recent years in Hong Kong and many Southeast Asian societies. The public debates, however, have largely not been able to benefit from the existing international body of research in bilingual education as well as the educational experiences of other countries. The reason is that such knowledge is often either couched in specialized, technical language or scattered over diverse journals and books, which are often off-putting to teachers, parents, school principals, policy makers and the general public. There is an urgent need to critically integrate and review the international research literature with a view to informing public debates and policy making regarding the medium of instruction in Hong Kong and other Southeast Asian contexts. This book aims at meeting this urgent need by discussing, in accessible language, research findings on key concepts of bilingual education, and recent developments of bilingual education policies in Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia. Teachers, students and researchers in the areas of bilingual education, language policy and planning (LPP), and studies of medium of instruction policy and practice both in Hong Kong and other Southeast Asian contexts will benefit from the book. Government officials and policy makers involved in language policy and planning, as well as school principals, parents and university administrators will also find this book especially useful in providing them with a research-based LPP framework for discussing and studying the pivotal issues in LPP in their respective contexts.
Tadhg Ó hIfearnáin
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780197265765
- eISBN:
- 9780191771958
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265765.003.0002
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Language Families
Since gaining independence in 1922, the Irish Government’s pro-Irish language policy has gone through several stages of development, moving from openly coercive maintenance strategies in designated ...
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Since gaining independence in 1922, the Irish Government’s pro-Irish language policy has gone through several stages of development, moving from openly coercive maintenance strategies in designated areas (Gaeltacht) and obligatory Irish-medium schooling throughout the country, to a contemporary stance where the state sees Irish speakers as customers who require services. Policy for the majority Anglophone population is now based on a heritage role for Irish. Despite the evolution of state and community policies, some early ideological stances have remained at the core of decision-making. In the first decade of the twenty-first century the state has further reassessed its positions. The power of ideologically driven state language policy has inevitably produced mismatches which may paradoxically have further endangered the future of Irish as a community language. This chapter focuses on the stance of the monolingual English-speaking minority and inactive Irish speakers in Gaeltacht regions.Less
Since gaining independence in 1922, the Irish Government’s pro-Irish language policy has gone through several stages of development, moving from openly coercive maintenance strategies in designated areas (Gaeltacht) and obligatory Irish-medium schooling throughout the country, to a contemporary stance where the state sees Irish speakers as customers who require services. Policy for the majority Anglophone population is now based on a heritage role for Irish. Despite the evolution of state and community policies, some early ideological stances have remained at the core of decision-making. In the first decade of the twenty-first century the state has further reassessed its positions. The power of ideologically driven state language policy has inevitably produced mismatches which may paradoxically have further endangered the future of Irish as a community language. This chapter focuses on the stance of the monolingual English-speaking minority and inactive Irish speakers in Gaeltacht regions.
Patrick Stevenson and Jenny Carl
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748635986
- eISBN:
- 9780748671472
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748635986.003.0002
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
In this chapter, the key ideas, concepts and approaches identified in the Introduction are elaborated and explained. Central to the argument here is the concept of discourses on language in social ...
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In this chapter, the key ideas, concepts and approaches identified in the Introduction are elaborated and explained. Central to the argument here is the concept of discourses on language in social life and the interconnectedness of ideologies, policies, practices, experiences, and memories. The authors also explain here the methodologies of data gathering and analysis underpinning the study: the case studies, the data collection process (documentation, interviews) and the participants, describing in some detail the many types of background and experience of life within the corpus. The chapter shows how and why the approach in the data-based chapters (4, 5 and 6) is to explore in different ways how discourses on language are constructed: through the analysis of language policy discourses, individual narratives as life stories, and the negotiation of identities in narratives.Less
In this chapter, the key ideas, concepts and approaches identified in the Introduction are elaborated and explained. Central to the argument here is the concept of discourses on language in social life and the interconnectedness of ideologies, policies, practices, experiences, and memories. The authors also explain here the methodologies of data gathering and analysis underpinning the study: the case studies, the data collection process (documentation, interviews) and the participants, describing in some detail the many types of background and experience of life within the corpus. The chapter shows how and why the approach in the data-based chapters (4, 5 and 6) is to explore in different ways how discourses on language are constructed: through the analysis of language policy discourses, individual narratives as life stories, and the negotiation of identities in narratives.
Andy Kirkpatrick
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028795
- eISBN:
- 9789882206922
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028795.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
The lingua franca role of English, coupled with its status as the official language of ASEAN, has important implications for language policy and language education. These include the relationship ...
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The lingua franca role of English, coupled with its status as the official language of ASEAN, has important implications for language policy and language education. These include the relationship between English, the respective national languages of ASEAN, and thousands of local languages. How can the demand for English be balanced against the need for people to acquire their national language and mother tongue? While many will also need a regional lingua franca, they are learning English as the first foreign language from primary school in all ASEAN countries. Might not this early introduction of English threaten local languages and children's ability to learn? Or can English be introduced and taught in such a way that it can complement local languages rather than replace them? The aim of this book is to explore questions such as these and then make recommendations on language policy and language education for regional policymakers.Less
The lingua franca role of English, coupled with its status as the official language of ASEAN, has important implications for language policy and language education. These include the relationship between English, the respective national languages of ASEAN, and thousands of local languages. How can the demand for English be balanced against the need for people to acquire their national language and mother tongue? While many will also need a regional lingua franca, they are learning English as the first foreign language from primary school in all ASEAN countries. Might not this early introduction of English threaten local languages and children's ability to learn? Or can English be introduced and taught in such a way that it can complement local languages rather than replace them? The aim of this book is to explore questions such as these and then make recommendations on language policy and language education for regional policymakers.
Robert D. Greenberg
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199208753
- eISBN:
- 9780191717673
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199208753.003.0003
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics
This chapter discusses the occurrence of two variants of the Serbian language: Montenegrin and Serbian. The constitutional status of the two Serbian alphabets and pronunciations are summarized. With ...
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This chapter discusses the occurrence of two variants of the Serbian language: Montenegrin and Serbian. The constitutional status of the two Serbian alphabets and pronunciations are summarized. With its two alphabets and two pronunciations, the Serbian language displays an identity prone to disputes and controversies. The factions in Serbian linguistic circles are described including: the status quo linguists, the neo-Vukovite linguists, and the Orthodox linguists. The chapter details the orthographic chaos from 1993 to 1994 resulting from competing orthographic manuals. The orthographic controversy for the Montenegrins is merely a symptom of a more fundamental suspicion that the Serbian language can no longer fully support its two equal pronunciations—ekavian and ijekavian. The internal debate among the Serbs regarding the co-official status of the ekavian and ijekavian dialects/pronunciations has a long and emotional history. Academics lead language planning and the formulation of language policy for the Serbian language.Less
This chapter discusses the occurrence of two variants of the Serbian language: Montenegrin and Serbian. The constitutional status of the two Serbian alphabets and pronunciations are summarized. With its two alphabets and two pronunciations, the Serbian language displays an identity prone to disputes and controversies. The factions in Serbian linguistic circles are described including: the status quo linguists, the neo-Vukovite linguists, and the Orthodox linguists. The chapter details the orthographic chaos from 1993 to 1994 resulting from competing orthographic manuals. The orthographic controversy for the Montenegrins is merely a symptom of a more fundamental suspicion that the Serbian language can no longer fully support its two equal pronunciations—ekavian and ijekavian. The internal debate among the Serbs regarding the co-official status of the ekavian and ijekavian dialects/pronunciations has a long and emotional history. Academics lead language planning and the formulation of language policy for the Serbian language.
Christopher Stroud and Lionel Wee
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028436
- eISBN:
- 9789882206939
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028436.003.0008
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter examines language planning and policy in Singaporean late modernity. It discusses Singaporean language policy's attempts to manage the tension between modernity and tradition and argues ...
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This chapter examines language planning and policy in Singaporean late modernity. It discusses Singaporean language policy's attempts to manage the tension between modernity and tradition and argues that a sociolinguistic ordering around notions of ethnicity and nation does not fit easily with the multilingual dynamics of late modern societies. It contends that Singapore's language policy needs to appreciate that patterns of multilingualism are increasingly constructed around the dynamics of language choice and change in terms of a logic of lifestyle consumption.Less
This chapter examines language planning and policy in Singaporean late modernity. It discusses Singaporean language policy's attempts to manage the tension between modernity and tradition and argues that a sociolinguistic ordering around notions of ethnicity and nation does not fit easily with the multilingual dynamics of late modern societies. It contends that Singapore's language policy needs to appreciate that patterns of multilingualism are increasingly constructed around the dynamics of language choice and change in terms of a logic of lifestyle consumption.
Jacqueline Mowbray
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199646616
- eISBN:
- 9780191745485
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199646616.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Philosophy of Law
This chapter considers why questions of language policy have attracted increasing attention in recent times, and discusses how ‘linguistic justice’ has emerged as a central concept within the ...
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This chapter considers why questions of language policy have attracted increasing attention in recent times, and discusses how ‘linguistic justice’ has emerged as a central concept within the associated academic literature. It argues for an investigation into the vision of linguistic justice implicit in international law, based on an exploration of the conceptual framework which underpins international law on language policy. It suggests that the work of Pierre Bourdieu offers a suitable methodology for such an investigation, as Bourdieu’s analytical framework provides a means of revealing hidden structures, assumptions, and ideas at work in the social (including legal) world, and how these function to sustain relations of domination and injustice. It introduces Bourdieu’s methodology and explains its potential for analysing international law and linguistic justice.Less
This chapter considers why questions of language policy have attracted increasing attention in recent times, and discusses how ‘linguistic justice’ has emerged as a central concept within the associated academic literature. It argues for an investigation into the vision of linguistic justice implicit in international law, based on an exploration of the conceptual framework which underpins international law on language policy. It suggests that the work of Pierre Bourdieu offers a suitable methodology for such an investigation, as Bourdieu’s analytical framework provides a means of revealing hidden structures, assumptions, and ideas at work in the social (including legal) world, and how these function to sustain relations of domination and injustice. It introduces Bourdieu’s methodology and explains its potential for analysing international law and linguistic justice.
Lisa Lim
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028436
- eISBN:
- 9789882206939
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028436.003.0002
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter examines the linguistic ecology in Singapore focusing on two external factors of migration and language policies over different eras. It demonstrates the significance of these factors ...
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This chapter examines the linguistic ecology in Singapore focusing on two external factors of migration and language policies over different eras. It demonstrates the significance of these factors for a better understanding of the development of a contact language such as Singlish or Singapore English. The analysis of the structural features of Singlish show the influence various language in the evolution of Singlish including Bazaar Malay, Hokkien, and Mandarin.Less
This chapter examines the linguistic ecology in Singapore focusing on two external factors of migration and language policies over different eras. It demonstrates the significance of these factors for a better understanding of the development of a contact language such as Singlish or Singapore English. The analysis of the structural features of Singlish show the influence various language in the evolution of Singlish including Bazaar Malay, Hokkien, and Mandarin.
Monica Heller
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199746866
- eISBN:
- 9780199827091
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199746866.003.0004
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
The second ethnographic chapter focuses on the shift to modernist state-territorial nationalism in Québec in the 1960s, showing how conditions produced earlier allowed an emerging bourgeoisie to take ...
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The second ethnographic chapter focuses on the shift to modernist state-territorial nationalism in Québec in the 1960s, showing how conditions produced earlier allowed an emerging bourgeoisie to take advantage of new political economic conditions in the post–World War II period. It examines why and how this struggle took place on the terrain of language, and why the private sector was so important to nationalists. The ethnographic material concerns the implementation of the centerpiece of state action, the Charter of the French Language, in a large Montreal-based, anglophone-owned and -operated manufacturing company typical of the private-sector sites targeted.Less
The second ethnographic chapter focuses on the shift to modernist state-territorial nationalism in Québec in the 1960s, showing how conditions produced earlier allowed an emerging bourgeoisie to take advantage of new political economic conditions in the post–World War II period. It examines why and how this struggle took place on the terrain of language, and why the private sector was so important to nationalists. The ethnographic material concerns the implementation of the centerpiece of state action, the Charter of the French Language, in a large Montreal-based, anglophone-owned and -operated manufacturing company typical of the private-sector sites targeted.
Uğur Ümit Üngör
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199603602
- eISBN:
- 9780191729263
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199603602.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter discusses how the Young Turk and Kemalist regimes used culture and education as vehicles of ‘Turkification’. It analyses how the Turkish government took the lead to launch ambitious ...
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This chapter discusses how the Young Turk and Kemalist regimes used culture and education as vehicles of ‘Turkification’. It analyses how the Turkish government took the lead to launch ambitious projects of nation formation. It explores how the party attempted to penetrate every remote cell in the country using the educational infrastructure of tens of thousands of schools in order to impose Turkish culture in Eastern Turkey. The chapter demonstrates through the example of a boarding school for Kurdish girls that the prime objective was not education but forced assimilation. The chapter also addresses how high levels of coercion during this process produced high levels of popular resistance against government policies.Less
This chapter discusses how the Young Turk and Kemalist regimes used culture and education as vehicles of ‘Turkification’. It analyses how the Turkish government took the lead to launch ambitious projects of nation formation. It explores how the party attempted to penetrate every remote cell in the country using the educational infrastructure of tens of thousands of schools in order to impose Turkish culture in Eastern Turkey. The chapter demonstrates through the example of a boarding school for Kurdish girls that the prime objective was not education but forced assimilation. The chapter also addresses how high levels of coercion during this process produced high levels of popular resistance against government policies.
