Lisa A. Fontes and Kathleen Coulborn Faller
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195311778
- eISBN:
- 9780199865055
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195311778.003.0012
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Crime and Justice
Professionals who interview children for possible sexual abuse tend to be white and middle class. At the same time, children and families who require assessment for sexual abuse are increasingly from ...
More
Professionals who interview children for possible sexual abuse tend to be white and middle class. At the same time, children and families who require assessment for sexual abuse are increasingly from diverse backgrounds. Professionals need to develop special skills to interview cross-culturally. This chapter describes the need for interviewers to take into account race, class, culture, subculture, religious, and language differences when interviewing children. How these differences can pose barriers for evaluators and strategies for enhancing agency and professional cultural competence are covered.Less
Professionals who interview children for possible sexual abuse tend to be white and middle class. At the same time, children and families who require assessment for sexual abuse are increasingly from diverse backgrounds. Professionals need to develop special skills to interview cross-culturally. This chapter describes the need for interviewers to take into account race, class, culture, subculture, religious, and language differences when interviewing children. How these differences can pose barriers for evaluators and strategies for enhancing agency and professional cultural competence are covered.
Bejoy C Thomas, Joshua J Lounsberry, and Linda E Carlson
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199238361
- eISBN:
- 9780191730290
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199238361.003.0032
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine Research
The incidence of cancer amongst these ethnic minorities is generally comparable to that of the host population. People from ethnically diverse backgrounds with cancer are at risk for poor outcomes ...
More
The incidence of cancer amongst these ethnic minorities is generally comparable to that of the host population. People from ethnically diverse backgrounds with cancer are at risk for poor outcomes when they are immigrants to a new country. This disparity takes many forms and can impact both access to care and use of available treatment services, ultimately resulting in poorer physical and psychological outcomes. Communication difficulties between patients and healthcare providers may be a significant cause of these less-than-optimal outcomes for people new to the system. Both language and cultural barriers can contribute to this problem. Some solutions to overcome language differences are to have trained translators present, and follow several simple rules to facilitate accurate translation. Different styles of decision-making across cultures also need to be taken into account by healthcare providers. Optimally, healthcare providers need to acknowledge and examine their beliefs, stereotypes, and prejudices around different cultures, and question how these affect their behaviour with patients.Less
The incidence of cancer amongst these ethnic minorities is generally comparable to that of the host population. People from ethnically diverse backgrounds with cancer are at risk for poor outcomes when they are immigrants to a new country. This disparity takes many forms and can impact both access to care and use of available treatment services, ultimately resulting in poorer physical and psychological outcomes. Communication difficulties between patients and healthcare providers may be a significant cause of these less-than-optimal outcomes for people new to the system. Both language and cultural barriers can contribute to this problem. Some solutions to overcome language differences are to have trained translators present, and follow several simple rules to facilitate accurate translation. Different styles of decision-making across cultures also need to be taken into account by healthcare providers. Optimally, healthcare providers need to acknowledge and examine their beliefs, stereotypes, and prejudices around different cultures, and question how these affect their behaviour with patients.
Luna Filipović
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199673667
- eISBN:
- 9780191751769
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199673667.003.0167
- Subject:
- Law, Comparative Law, Philosophy of Law
This chapter illustrates the crucial importance of certain language contrasts for witness interviewing, interpreting, translating, remembering, and forming judgment in legally relevant contexts. The ...
More
This chapter illustrates the crucial importance of certain language contrasts for witness interviewing, interpreting, translating, remembering, and forming judgment in legally relevant contexts. The focus here is on cross-linguistic differences detected in multilingual court cases as well as language-specific impacts on the language, memory, and judgment of witnesses from different linguistic backgrounds (in this case English and Spanish). It starts by introducing the theoretical backdrop for the studies discussed in this chapter. The chapter outlines the fundamental typological differences between English and Spanish. It then contrasts English and Spanish with regard to the relevant typological dimensions and provides examples from the database that reflect this contrast as well as elicit different understandings of the event in the original and in the translation. It offers a detailed analysis of how motion and causation are described in the original interview texts and their translations, which makes it possible to pin down the exact points where difficulties in cross-linguistic communication are likely to occur. Next, it presents experimental evidence in the context of witness memory and discusses what the findings imply for legal contexts. It also illustrates the ways in which mock jury judgment can be swayed along the lines of the linguistic distinctions in focus. Finally, it comments on the transcript-making practices in different countries, summarizes the current investigation as presented in the chapter, and provides an insight into possible further applications of this and similar projects.Less
This chapter illustrates the crucial importance of certain language contrasts for witness interviewing, interpreting, translating, remembering, and forming judgment in legally relevant contexts. The focus here is on cross-linguistic differences detected in multilingual court cases as well as language-specific impacts on the language, memory, and judgment of witnesses from different linguistic backgrounds (in this case English and Spanish). It starts by introducing the theoretical backdrop for the studies discussed in this chapter. The chapter outlines the fundamental typological differences between English and Spanish. It then contrasts English and Spanish with regard to the relevant typological dimensions and provides examples from the database that reflect this contrast as well as elicit different understandings of the event in the original and in the translation. It offers a detailed analysis of how motion and causation are described in the original interview texts and their translations, which makes it possible to pin down the exact points where difficulties in cross-linguistic communication are likely to occur. Next, it presents experimental evidence in the context of witness memory and discusses what the findings imply for legal contexts. It also illustrates the ways in which mock jury judgment can be swayed along the lines of the linguistic distinctions in focus. Finally, it comments on the transcript-making practices in different countries, summarizes the current investigation as presented in the chapter, and provides an insight into possible further applications of this and similar projects.
Jeehyun Lim
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780823275304
- eISBN:
- 9780823277032
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823275304.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
Bilingual Brokers examines bilingual personhood in Asian American and Latino literature through social debates on bilingualism. Instead of arguing for or against bilingualism this study focuses on ...
More
Bilingual Brokers examines bilingual personhood in Asian American and Latino literature through social debates on bilingualism. Instead of arguing for or against bilingualism this study focuses on the contingencies under which bilingualism is taken as good or bad to bring into high relief the function of language as capital in these debates. Behind the discourse of American identity, economic calculations and rationale played a significant role in challenging the long-held popular view of bilingualism as a liability. The emergence and recognition of Asian American and Latino literature take place against the backdrop of these debates on bilingualism as the place where social anxieties about American identity in the face of new immigration and globalization are worked out. Interweaving the social significance of language as human capital and the literary significance of English as the language of cultural capital, Bilingual Brokers traces a structure of feeling around the dual meaning of bilingualism as liability and asset in Asian American and Latino literature. In literary representations, bilingual personhood illustrates a regime of flexible inclusion where an economic calculus of value for racialized subjects crystallizes at the intersections of language and racial difference and is used in deliberations of social worthiness. By pointing to the nexus of race, capital, and language as the focal point of negotiations of difference and inclusion, Bilingual Brokers probes liberalism’s fault lines for racialized subjects.Less
Bilingual Brokers examines bilingual personhood in Asian American and Latino literature through social debates on bilingualism. Instead of arguing for or against bilingualism this study focuses on the contingencies under which bilingualism is taken as good or bad to bring into high relief the function of language as capital in these debates. Behind the discourse of American identity, economic calculations and rationale played a significant role in challenging the long-held popular view of bilingualism as a liability. The emergence and recognition of Asian American and Latino literature take place against the backdrop of these debates on bilingualism as the place where social anxieties about American identity in the face of new immigration and globalization are worked out. Interweaving the social significance of language as human capital and the literary significance of English as the language of cultural capital, Bilingual Brokers traces a structure of feeling around the dual meaning of bilingualism as liability and asset in Asian American and Latino literature. In literary representations, bilingual personhood illustrates a regime of flexible inclusion where an economic calculus of value for racialized subjects crystallizes at the intersections of language and racial difference and is used in deliberations of social worthiness. By pointing to the nexus of race, capital, and language as the focal point of negotiations of difference and inclusion, Bilingual Brokers probes liberalism’s fault lines for racialized subjects.
Zygmunt Frajzyngier and Marielle Butters
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780198844297
- eISBN:
- 9780191879838
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198844297.003.0015
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Language Families
The descriptions of individual languages demonstrate that their grammatical systems encode different functions. Given common physiological make up, common biological and social needs, and common ...
More
The descriptions of individual languages demonstrate that their grammatical systems encode different functions. Given common physiological make up, common biological and social needs, and common physical characteristics of the environment (for languages spoken in the same geographical area), one must ask why grammatical systems encode different functions. The present book has offered methodology to study this question as well as a number of conditions and motivations for the emergence of functions which include: forced interpretation; avoiding systemic ambiguity; initial state; principle of functional transparency; properties of lexical items; metonymic change; opportunistic emergence of functions; and language contact. The study also postulates that the availability of rich inflectional systems provides opportunities for the emergence of new types of functions. The study concludes with a set of open questions, viz. whether there is a hierarchy of which functions are grammaticalized more often, and under what conditions a given function becomes a default value of a given formal means.Less
The descriptions of individual languages demonstrate that their grammatical systems encode different functions. Given common physiological make up, common biological and social needs, and common physical characteristics of the environment (for languages spoken in the same geographical area), one must ask why grammatical systems encode different functions. The present book has offered methodology to study this question as well as a number of conditions and motivations for the emergence of functions which include: forced interpretation; avoiding systemic ambiguity; initial state; principle of functional transparency; properties of lexical items; metonymic change; opportunistic emergence of functions; and language contact. The study also postulates that the availability of rich inflectional systems provides opportunities for the emergence of new types of functions. The study concludes with a set of open questions, viz. whether there is a hierarchy of which functions are grammaticalized more often, and under what conditions a given function becomes a default value of a given formal means.
Luis Daniel Gascón and Aaron Roussell
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781479871209
- eISBN:
- 9781479870318
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479871209.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
The chapter examines the captaincy of Albert Himura and his academy trainer, Rick Patton. Together, these Captains defined the organizational structure of the two groups the authors observed—the CPAB ...
More
The chapter examines the captaincy of Albert Himura and his academy trainer, Rick Patton. Together, these Captains defined the organizational structure of the two groups the authors observed—the CPAB and the HO—throughout their fieldwork. The authors explore the community meeting structure under Captain Himura, whose main goal is to cultivate the capacity for community crime control. This begins with recruiting pro-law-enforcement thinkers. They also discuss how Captain Patton controlled the symbolic boundaries of meetings—who could participate, the agenda, and what messages should be circulated within and outside meetings—and show how police shape and restrict the role of the citizen in crime prevention. Regular meetings demonstrate that LAPD wishes to collaborate, but at the same time the Captain and SLOs favor LAPD’s traditional crime-fighting project.Less
The chapter examines the captaincy of Albert Himura and his academy trainer, Rick Patton. Together, these Captains defined the organizational structure of the two groups the authors observed—the CPAB and the HO—throughout their fieldwork. The authors explore the community meeting structure under Captain Himura, whose main goal is to cultivate the capacity for community crime control. This begins with recruiting pro-law-enforcement thinkers. They also discuss how Captain Patton controlled the symbolic boundaries of meetings—who could participate, the agenda, and what messages should be circulated within and outside meetings—and show how police shape and restrict the role of the citizen in crime prevention. Regular meetings demonstrate that LAPD wishes to collaborate, but at the same time the Captain and SLOs favor LAPD’s traditional crime-fighting project.
