Helena Chance
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781784993009
- eISBN:
- 9781526124043
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784993009.001.0001
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
From the 1880s, a new type of designed green space appeared in the industrial landscape in Britain and the USA, the factory pleasure garden and recreation park, and some companies opened allotment ...
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From the 1880s, a new type of designed green space appeared in the industrial landscape in Britain and the USA, the factory pleasure garden and recreation park, and some companies opened allotment gardens for local children. Initially inspired by the landscapes of industrial villages in the UK, progressive American and British industrialists employed landscape and garden architects to improve the advantages and aesthetic of their factories. In the US, these landscapes were created at a time of the USA’s ascendancy as the world’s leading industrial nation. The factory garden and park movement flourished between the Wars, driven by the belief in the value of gardens and parks to employee welfare and to recruitment and retention. Arguably above all, in an age of burgeoning mass media, factory landscaping represented calculated exercises in public relations, materially contributing to advertising and the development of attractive corporate identities. Following the Second World War the Americans led the way in corporate landscaping as suburban office campuses, estates and parks multiplied. In the twenty-first century a refreshed approach brings designs closer in spirit to pioneering early twentieth century factory landscapes. This book gives the first comprehensive and comparative account of the contribution of gardens, gardening and sports to the history of responsible capitalism and ethical working practices from multiple critical perspectives and draws together the existing literature with key primary material from some of the most innovative and best documented of the corporate landscapes; Cadbury, the National Cash Register Company, Shredded Wheat and Spirella Corsets.Less
From the 1880s, a new type of designed green space appeared in the industrial landscape in Britain and the USA, the factory pleasure garden and recreation park, and some companies opened allotment gardens for local children. Initially inspired by the landscapes of industrial villages in the UK, progressive American and British industrialists employed landscape and garden architects to improve the advantages and aesthetic of their factories. In the US, these landscapes were created at a time of the USA’s ascendancy as the world’s leading industrial nation. The factory garden and park movement flourished between the Wars, driven by the belief in the value of gardens and parks to employee welfare and to recruitment and retention. Arguably above all, in an age of burgeoning mass media, factory landscaping represented calculated exercises in public relations, materially contributing to advertising and the development of attractive corporate identities. Following the Second World War the Americans led the way in corporate landscaping as suburban office campuses, estates and parks multiplied. In the twenty-first century a refreshed approach brings designs closer in spirit to pioneering early twentieth century factory landscapes. This book gives the first comprehensive and comparative account of the contribution of gardens, gardening and sports to the history of responsible capitalism and ethical working practices from multiple critical perspectives and draws together the existing literature with key primary material from some of the most innovative and best documented of the corporate landscapes; Cadbury, the National Cash Register Company, Shredded Wheat and Spirella Corsets.
Helena Chance
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781784993009
- eISBN:
- 9781526124043
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784993009.003.0006
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
Rowheath Park at Bournville (from 1921) and the Hills and Dales Park, the Old Barn Club and Old River Park, made for NCR employees between 1906 and 1939, are highly significant to the history of ...
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Rowheath Park at Bournville (from 1921) and the Hills and Dales Park, the Old Barn Club and Old River Park, made for NCR employees between 1906 and 1939, are highly significant to the history of corporate landscapes in terms of their scale and the sophistication of their designs in a factory context. A comparison of these parks, designed by landscape architects Cheals of Crawley, and the Olmsted Brothers respectively, reveal differences in the cultural, symbolic and stylistic approaches to landscape design in the two nations, including what it was possible to achieve in the suburban landscapes of Britain and the United States and in the beliefs, desires and expectations of the factory worker and his patriarch in what the landscape could provide for them. In context of corporate recreation, the scale and sophistication of these gardens and parks were astonishing and unprecedented. Their landscape architects succeeded in projecting local and national landscape identities through design, thus creating spaces that heightened employees’ sense of belonging to the region and to the corporate community.Less
Rowheath Park at Bournville (from 1921) and the Hills and Dales Park, the Old Barn Club and Old River Park, made for NCR employees between 1906 and 1939, are highly significant to the history of corporate landscapes in terms of their scale and the sophistication of their designs in a factory context. A comparison of these parks, designed by landscape architects Cheals of Crawley, and the Olmsted Brothers respectively, reveal differences in the cultural, symbolic and stylistic approaches to landscape design in the two nations, including what it was possible to achieve in the suburban landscapes of Britain and the United States and in the beliefs, desires and expectations of the factory worker and his patriarch in what the landscape could provide for them. In context of corporate recreation, the scale and sophistication of these gardens and parks were astonishing and unprecedented. Their landscape architects succeeded in projecting local and national landscape identities through design, thus creating spaces that heightened employees’ sense of belonging to the region and to the corporate community.
Alison Bick Hirsch
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816679782
- eISBN:
- 9781452948201
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816679782.003.0002
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
Chapter One presents a selective biography of Halprin, critically assessing early life and career experiences that influenced the development of his creative process.
Chapter One presents a selective biography of Halprin, critically assessing early life and career experiences that influenced the development of his creative process.
Mark E. Hostetler
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520271104
- eISBN:
- 9780520951877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520271104.003.0005
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter discusses the importance of creating and maintaining more natural landscapes within individual lots. A historical perspective of people's fascination with mowed lawns and the ways in ...
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This chapter discusses the importance of creating and maintaining more natural landscapes within individual lots. A historical perspective of people's fascination with mowed lawns and the ways in which highly maintained lawns contribute to environmental degradation are summarized. Strategies are listed for how residents can create a more natural landscape. For developers, examples of more native landscape designs and management plans are listed. For policy makers, incentive-based and regulatory policies that encourage sustainable landscape designs and management strategies are discussed.Less
This chapter discusses the importance of creating and maintaining more natural landscapes within individual lots. A historical perspective of people's fascination with mowed lawns and the ways in which highly maintained lawns contribute to environmental degradation are summarized. Strategies are listed for how residents can create a more natural landscape. For developers, examples of more native landscape designs and management plans are listed. For policy makers, incentive-based and regulatory policies that encourage sustainable landscape designs and management strategies are discussed.
Mark R. Stoll
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- June 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780190230869
- eISBN:
- 9780190230890
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190230869.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History, Religion and Literature
As the causes of conservation and parks were growing into national movements, Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Transcendentalist belief in the spiritual in nature deeply influenced the generation that came of ...
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As the causes of conservation and parks were growing into national movements, Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Transcendentalist belief in the spiritual in nature deeply influenced the generation that came of age in the late nineteenth and the turn of the twentieth centuries. The Modernist movement in American art was deeply affected, especially among those with New England roots. The art of Ansel Adams, Georgia O’Keeffe, Arthur Dove, John Marin, and Marsden Hartley expressed the spiritual in their landscapes. They helped popularize a spiritualized preference for natural beauty without people. Architects, too, took Emerson’s dictums to heart. Frank Lloyd Wright, Bernard Maybeck, and others designed in harmony with nature, with great influence on architecture of the new national parks system.Less
As the causes of conservation and parks were growing into national movements, Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Transcendentalist belief in the spiritual in nature deeply influenced the generation that came of age in the late nineteenth and the turn of the twentieth centuries. The Modernist movement in American art was deeply affected, especially among those with New England roots. The art of Ansel Adams, Georgia O’Keeffe, Arthur Dove, John Marin, and Marsden Hartley expressed the spiritual in their landscapes. They helped popularize a spiritualized preference for natural beauty without people. Architects, too, took Emerson’s dictums to heart. Frank Lloyd Wright, Bernard Maybeck, and others designed in harmony with nature, with great influence on architecture of the new national parks system.
Mark R. Stoll
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- June 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780190230869
- eISBN:
- 9780190230890
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190230869.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History, Religion and Literature
In the nineteenth century, the ideal New England town with its Congregational church attained its classic form. It served for several generations of New Englanders as a model for the rapidly ...
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In the nineteenth century, the ideal New England town with its Congregational church attained its classic form. It served for several generations of New Englanders as a model for the rapidly expanding nation. They promoted and designed the first parks in cities, states, and the nation (Yosemite and Yellowstone). Tutored by Thomas Cole, Frederic Edwin Church painted landscapes that honored the Reformed science of Alexander von Humboldt and reflected the Reformed aesthetics of John Ruskin, and led to his emergence as spokesman and activist for parks. Pioneering landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted patterned parks, suburbs, and urban design after New England towns. However, the towns were already declining, prompting activism on behalf of agricultural improvement. Also discussed are George Perkins Marsh’s landmark 1864 work Man and Nature and Katharine Lee Bates’s “America the Beautiful,” which expressed the Congregational vision of beautiful, just cities amidst natural beauty and agricultural abundance.Less
In the nineteenth century, the ideal New England town with its Congregational church attained its classic form. It served for several generations of New Englanders as a model for the rapidly expanding nation. They promoted and designed the first parks in cities, states, and the nation (Yosemite and Yellowstone). Tutored by Thomas Cole, Frederic Edwin Church painted landscapes that honored the Reformed science of Alexander von Humboldt and reflected the Reformed aesthetics of John Ruskin, and led to his emergence as spokesman and activist for parks. Pioneering landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted patterned parks, suburbs, and urban design after New England towns. However, the towns were already declining, prompting activism on behalf of agricultural improvement. Also discussed are George Perkins Marsh’s landmark 1864 work Man and Nature and Katharine Lee Bates’s “America the Beautiful,” which expressed the Congregational vision of beautiful, just cities amidst natural beauty and agricultural abundance.
Alison Bick Hirsch
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816679782
- eISBN:
- 9781452948201
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816679782.003.0004
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
Chapter Three presents Halprin’s reliance on the “archetypal precedent of natural processes” to reorient people to their environment and reduce the barriers between humans and the natural world. The ...
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Chapter Three presents Halprin’s reliance on the “archetypal precedent of natural processes” to reorient people to their environment and reduce the barriers between humans and the natural world. The pioneering open space sequence in Portland, Oregon is the primary case study in this chapter, as it represents one of the best examples of his choreographic approach. Seattle Freeway Park serves as a comparative study of a later attempt to fulfill similar ideals.Less
Chapter Three presents Halprin’s reliance on the “archetypal precedent of natural processes” to reorient people to their environment and reduce the barriers between humans and the natural world. The pioneering open space sequence in Portland, Oregon is the primary case study in this chapter, as it represents one of the best examples of his choreographic approach. Seattle Freeway Park serves as a comparative study of a later attempt to fulfill similar ideals.
Alison Bick Hirsch
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816679782
- eISBN:
- 9781452948201
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816679782.003.0001
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
The Introduction presents the argument and situates the Halprins within the social, environmental and artistic context of the 1960s and 1970s.
The Introduction presents the argument and situates the Halprins within the social, environmental and artistic context of the 1960s and 1970s.
Alison Bick Hirsch
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816679782
- eISBN:
- 9781452948201
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816679782.003.0007
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
The Conclusion summarizes the broad arguments of the book and projects them forward. The concluding analysis demonstrates, in particular, how Halprin’s open choreographic method (in ideal ...
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The Conclusion summarizes the broad arguments of the book and projects them forward. The concluding analysis demonstrates, in particular, how Halprin’s open choreographic method (in ideal application) anticipated the theories that currently drive the practice of landscape architecture and how those aspects of his process that have been long overlooked might enrich a contemporary approach to designing the city. With the powerful forces of urbanization continuing to shape globalizing cities throughout the world, reflecting on a process that attempts to mitigate some of the disorienting effects and reinstate a robust public life of stimulating places and opportunities to act as part of a larger collective, becomes especially urgent.Less
The Conclusion summarizes the broad arguments of the book and projects them forward. The concluding analysis demonstrates, in particular, how Halprin’s open choreographic method (in ideal application) anticipated the theories that currently drive the practice of landscape architecture and how those aspects of his process that have been long overlooked might enrich a contemporary approach to designing the city. With the powerful forces of urbanization continuing to shape globalizing cities throughout the world, reflecting on a process that attempts to mitigate some of the disorienting effects and reinstate a robust public life of stimulating places and opportunities to act as part of a larger collective, becomes especially urgent.
Dawn E. Duensing
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824839284
- eISBN:
- 9780824868239
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824839284.003.0007
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
In the mid 1800s Hawai`i's government and private entrepreneurs began building roads to Kīlauea Volcano in order to facilitate tourism. In 1916 Congress established Hawaiʻi National Park, thereafter ...
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In the mid 1800s Hawai`i's government and private entrepreneurs began building roads to Kīlauea Volcano in order to facilitate tourism. In 1916 Congress established Hawaiʻi National Park, thereafter the National Park Service assumed the lead role in developing byways that not only provided access to volcanic attractions, but presented landscapes that had been admired by foreigners since the early 1800s. Crater Rim Road, Chain of Craters Road, and the Mauna Loa Truck Trail integrated the park service's landscape preservation ethic with the Bureau of Public Road’s technical standards, resulting in modern roads that blended with the natural environment. Some roads were built using relief funds during the Great Depression. The Civilian Conservation Corps also worked on several projects. These byways reflected general trends found throughout the national park system but were also subject to Hawai‘i’s unique geological and climatic conditions, which continually challenged park service officials.Less
In the mid 1800s Hawai`i's government and private entrepreneurs began building roads to Kīlauea Volcano in order to facilitate tourism. In 1916 Congress established Hawaiʻi National Park, thereafter the National Park Service assumed the lead role in developing byways that not only provided access to volcanic attractions, but presented landscapes that had been admired by foreigners since the early 1800s. Crater Rim Road, Chain of Craters Road, and the Mauna Loa Truck Trail integrated the park service's landscape preservation ethic with the Bureau of Public Road’s technical standards, resulting in modern roads that blended with the natural environment. Some roads were built using relief funds during the Great Depression. The Civilian Conservation Corps also worked on several projects. These byways reflected general trends found throughout the national park system but were also subject to Hawai‘i’s unique geological and climatic conditions, which continually challenged park service officials.
Alison Bick Hirsch
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816679782
- eISBN:
- 9781452948201
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816679782.003.0003
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
Chapter Two introduces Anna’s investigation of ritual, setting it in contrast to experiments in chance performed by Merce Cunningham and John Cage, and then discusses Larry’s book Cities (1963) as a ...
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Chapter Two introduces Anna’s investigation of ritual, setting it in contrast to experiments in chance performed by Merce Cunningham and John Cage, and then discusses Larry’s book Cities (1963) as a catalog of elements that create the framework for everyday and ceremonial urban rituals. This assessment of Cities is situated in relationship to his built work intended to facilitate and choreograph such rituals, including shopping malls and main streets. “Main Street” as infrastructure for ceremonial procession transitions into an analysis of the design for Heritage Park (Fort Worth) as a processional space that informs Halprin’s proposal for the FDR Memorial in Washington, D.C.Less
Chapter Two introduces Anna’s investigation of ritual, setting it in contrast to experiments in chance performed by Merce Cunningham and John Cage, and then discusses Larry’s book Cities (1963) as a catalog of elements that create the framework for everyday and ceremonial urban rituals. This assessment of Cities is situated in relationship to his built work intended to facilitate and choreograph such rituals, including shopping malls and main streets. “Main Street” as infrastructure for ceremonial procession transitions into an analysis of the design for Heritage Park (Fort Worth) as a processional space that informs Halprin’s proposal for the FDR Memorial in Washington, D.C.
K. Ian Grandison
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199977260
- eISBN:
- 9780190255251
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199977260.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter conveys the continuing intertwining of racial hierarchy and real estate in America. Focusing on the case of one historically black college/university (HBCU), Virginia Union University, ...
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This chapter conveys the continuing intertwining of racial hierarchy and real estate in America. Focusing on the case of one historically black college/university (HBCU), Virginia Union University, the chapter shows how Richmond, VA, planned its I-95/I-64 corridor in the 1950s to reposition the institution inside a racial reservation. That estrangement, effected, ironically, in the wake of Brown v. Board of Education, aimed to dampen the university’s mission to facilitate equal access to citizenship through higher education. City planners forced the campus onto the “wrong” side of the “free” way, deliberately transforming the campus’s immediate and wider setting—the legendary black neighborhood of Jackson Ward—into a landscape of demolition, divestment, industrial blight, and declining equity. This Richmond case study illustrates how racial segregation and inequality continue to be enforced through urban and regional planning, architecture, and landscape architecture—especially connected with highway infrastructure and urban “revitalization”—all over the United States. The chapter reveals that real estate is racially contingent, rigged to protect and enhance the value and inheritance of some institutions and communities while purposively exposing and diminishing the marketable value of others.Less
This chapter conveys the continuing intertwining of racial hierarchy and real estate in America. Focusing on the case of one historically black college/university (HBCU), Virginia Union University, the chapter shows how Richmond, VA, planned its I-95/I-64 corridor in the 1950s to reposition the institution inside a racial reservation. That estrangement, effected, ironically, in the wake of Brown v. Board of Education, aimed to dampen the university’s mission to facilitate equal access to citizenship through higher education. City planners forced the campus onto the “wrong” side of the “free” way, deliberately transforming the campus’s immediate and wider setting—the legendary black neighborhood of Jackson Ward—into a landscape of demolition, divestment, industrial blight, and declining equity. This Richmond case study illustrates how racial segregation and inequality continue to be enforced through urban and regional planning, architecture, and landscape architecture—especially connected with highway infrastructure and urban “revitalization”—all over the United States. The chapter reveals that real estate is racially contingent, rigged to protect and enhance the value and inheritance of some institutions and communities while purposively exposing and diminishing the marketable value of others.
Alison Bick Hirsch
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816679782
- eISBN:
- 9781452948201
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816679782.001.0001
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
Lawrence Halprin (1916-2009) was one of the most influential landscape architects of the 20th-century. Though he is most widely known for the FDR Memorial in Washington DC and the Sea Ranch in ...
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Lawrence Halprin (1916-2009) was one of the most influential landscape architects of the 20th-century. Though he is most widely known for the FDR Memorial in Washington DC and the Sea Ranch in California, his creative process – derived in the 1960s from experiments in choreographic scoring – represents an overlooked antecedent to today’s approach to landscape and urban design, which emphasizes infrastructural networks, ecological processes, multidisciplinary collaboration, as well as public participation. Emerging from exhaustive study of his vast archive of drawings and documents (housed at the University of Pennsylvania’s Architectural Archives), the book critically interprets Halprin’s participatory design process and argues for the applicability of aspects of that process in city-shaping today. As an urban pioneer, Halprin’s most noteworthy frontier became the nation’s densely settled metropolitan areas during a time of urban “crisis” and “renewal.” Paralleling and responding to a broader public demand for social and political participation in the 1960s, he formulated this creative process, which he called “The RSVP Cycles,” to stimulate a participatory environmental experience. He did not work alone, however. His success depended on collaboration, and particularly the artistic symbiosis that existed between him and his wife, the avant-garde dancer and choreographer Anna Halprin.Less
Lawrence Halprin (1916-2009) was one of the most influential landscape architects of the 20th-century. Though he is most widely known for the FDR Memorial in Washington DC and the Sea Ranch in California, his creative process – derived in the 1960s from experiments in choreographic scoring – represents an overlooked antecedent to today’s approach to landscape and urban design, which emphasizes infrastructural networks, ecological processes, multidisciplinary collaboration, as well as public participation. Emerging from exhaustive study of his vast archive of drawings and documents (housed at the University of Pennsylvania’s Architectural Archives), the book critically interprets Halprin’s participatory design process and argues for the applicability of aspects of that process in city-shaping today. As an urban pioneer, Halprin’s most noteworthy frontier became the nation’s densely settled metropolitan areas during a time of urban “crisis” and “renewal.” Paralleling and responding to a broader public demand for social and political participation in the 1960s, he formulated this creative process, which he called “The RSVP Cycles,” to stimulate a participatory environmental experience. He did not work alone, however. His success depended on collaboration, and particularly the artistic symbiosis that existed between him and his wife, the avant-garde dancer and choreographer Anna Halprin.
Mark R. Stoll
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- June 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780190230869
- eISBN:
- 9780190230890
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190230869.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History, Religion and Literature
Lapsed Presbyterian prophets and preachers gave the American environmental movement its moral urgency and political power. David Brower’s leadership made the Sierra Club a national power and stopped ...
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Lapsed Presbyterian prophets and preachers gave the American environmental movement its moral urgency and political power. David Brower’s leadership made the Sierra Club a national power and stopped massive development projects that endangered natural beauty. Robinson Jeffers and Edward Abbey provided literary reinforcement. Leading landscape architects like Ian McHarg proselytized for “designing with nature.” Carrying out their denomination’s charge to be useful, three Presbyterian women broadened environmentalism’s concentration on issues related to parks and conservation: Alice Hamilton pioneered health and safety in homes and workplaces, Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring woke the nation to the human and environmental perils of the careless overuse of toxic chemicals, and Jane Jacobs advocated livable cities that favored people over cars. These figures made environmentalism a powerful force in postwar society and politics.Less
Lapsed Presbyterian prophets and preachers gave the American environmental movement its moral urgency and political power. David Brower’s leadership made the Sierra Club a national power and stopped massive development projects that endangered natural beauty. Robinson Jeffers and Edward Abbey provided literary reinforcement. Leading landscape architects like Ian McHarg proselytized for “designing with nature.” Carrying out their denomination’s charge to be useful, three Presbyterian women broadened environmentalism’s concentration on issues related to parks and conservation: Alice Hamilton pioneered health and safety in homes and workplaces, Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring woke the nation to the human and environmental perils of the careless overuse of toxic chemicals, and Jane Jacobs advocated livable cities that favored people over cars. These figures made environmentalism a powerful force in postwar society and politics.
Dawn E. Duensing
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824839284
- eISBN:
- 9780824868239
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824839284.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
Haleakalā Highway within Haleakalā National Park was built with federal relief funding in 1935 to provide automobile access to Haleakalā Crater and “bring the world to Maui.” The debate that led to ...
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Haleakalā Highway within Haleakalā National Park was built with federal relief funding in 1935 to provide automobile access to Haleakalā Crater and “bring the world to Maui.” The debate that led to its construction demonstrates that Hawai‘i’s leaders publicly and aggressively advocated for scenic roads as commercial enterprises necessary to promote tourism. Maui businessmen, primarily through the Chamber of Commerce, spearheaded the drive for the road and effectively facilitated cooperation between various institutions and individuals at the local, territorial, and national levels. Haleakalā Highway combined the National Park Service’s landscape preservation ethic with the Bureau of Public Road’s highest technical standards to produce a modern road that traversed stark, almost treeless country, yet seamlessly blended with its natural environment. Developing Haleakalā Highway was also part of a spirited competition between the islands of Hawai‘i and Maui that saw both islands in a race to attract tourists.Less
Haleakalā Highway within Haleakalā National Park was built with federal relief funding in 1935 to provide automobile access to Haleakalā Crater and “bring the world to Maui.” The debate that led to its construction demonstrates that Hawai‘i’s leaders publicly and aggressively advocated for scenic roads as commercial enterprises necessary to promote tourism. Maui businessmen, primarily through the Chamber of Commerce, spearheaded the drive for the road and effectively facilitated cooperation between various institutions and individuals at the local, territorial, and national levels. Haleakalā Highway combined the National Park Service’s landscape preservation ethic with the Bureau of Public Road’s highest technical standards to produce a modern road that traversed stark, almost treeless country, yet seamlessly blended with its natural environment. Developing Haleakalā Highway was also part of a spirited competition between the islands of Hawai‘i and Maui that saw both islands in a race to attract tourists.
Jason Hale
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780813168685
- eISBN:
- 9780813169941
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813168685.003.0017
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This chapter focuses on a variety of projects that have implemented low impact development principles and construction materials. The featured projects have been designed to manage urban storm water ...
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This chapter focuses on a variety of projects that have implemented low impact development principles and construction materials. The featured projects have been designed to manage urban storm water runoff by either storing and reducing runoff volumes, or treating the water so cleaner water is returned to streams and waterways. A particular emphasis is placed on alternative material used in contrast to traditional material usage and approaches, as well as the challenges, associated with changing traditional mindsets.Less
This chapter focuses on a variety of projects that have implemented low impact development principles and construction materials. The featured projects have been designed to manage urban storm water runoff by either storing and reducing runoff volumes, or treating the water so cleaner water is returned to streams and waterways. A particular emphasis is placed on alternative material used in contrast to traditional material usage and approaches, as well as the challenges, associated with changing traditional mindsets.
Mark E. Hostetler
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520271104
- eISBN:
- 9780520951877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520271104.003.0006
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter discusses the importance of creating and maintaining a walkable neighborhood with common areas for people to gather. Strategies are listed for how residents can maintain and use private ...
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This chapter discusses the importance of creating and maintaining a walkable neighborhood with common areas for people to gather. Strategies are listed for how residents can maintain and use private trails and common areas so that they do not negatively impact biodiversity. For developers, strategies are discussed for building a trail, sidewalk, and shared open space system that promotes community interaction but has minimal impacts on biodiversity. For policy makers, incentive-based and regulatory policies that encourage walkable communities are discussed.Less
This chapter discusses the importance of creating and maintaining a walkable neighborhood with common areas for people to gather. Strategies are listed for how residents can maintain and use private trails and common areas so that they do not negatively impact biodiversity. For developers, strategies are discussed for building a trail, sidewalk, and shared open space system that promotes community interaction but has minimal impacts on biodiversity. For policy makers, incentive-based and regulatory policies that encourage walkable communities are discussed.
Alison Bick Hirsch
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816679782
- eISBN:
- 9781452948201
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816679782.003.0005
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
Chapter Four places the Take Part Process in the context of other participatory planning methods, both government-sanctioned and grassroots. In addition, it situates the workshop process in the ...
More
Chapter Four places the Take Part Process in the context of other participatory planning methods, both government-sanctioned and grassroots. In addition, it situates the workshop process in the trajectory of Halprin’s work by examining those fundamental projects that led to the ultimate formulation of Taking Part. These include the collaborative workshops Larry and Anna called “Experiments in Environment” (1966 and 1968), as well as the firm’s 1968 report titled New York, New York: A Study of the Quality, Character, and Meaning of Open Space in Urban Design, which stresses citizen participation and begins to develop a methodology.Less
Chapter Four places the Take Part Process in the context of other participatory planning methods, both government-sanctioned and grassroots. In addition, it situates the workshop process in the trajectory of Halprin’s work by examining those fundamental projects that led to the ultimate formulation of Taking Part. These include the collaborative workshops Larry and Anna called “Experiments in Environment” (1966 and 1968), as well as the firm’s 1968 report titled New York, New York: A Study of the Quality, Character, and Meaning of Open Space in Urban Design, which stresses citizen participation and begins to develop a methodology.
Alison Bick Hirsch
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816679782
- eISBN:
- 9781452948201
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816679782.003.0006
- Subject:
- Architecture, Architectural History
Chapter Five considers Taking Part in Everett (Washington), Charlottesville (Virginia), and Cleveland (Ohio). Despite claims that the process was open-ended, Halprin and his firm clearly had ...
More
Chapter Five considers Taking Part in Everett (Washington), Charlottesville (Virginia), and Cleveland (Ohio). Despite claims that the process was open-ended, Halprin and his firm clearly had preconceived objectives, yet guided the participants to reach these conclusions themselves. While this might seem counter to the principles of participation, the firm often succeeded in reshaping shortsighted attitudes toward the city that diminished its quality of experience. The chapter ends with an assessment of what might be learned from this tension between facilitation and manipulation, particularly as it relates to widespread debates on participatory planning ongoing today.Less
Chapter Five considers Taking Part in Everett (Washington), Charlottesville (Virginia), and Cleveland (Ohio). Despite claims that the process was open-ended, Halprin and his firm clearly had preconceived objectives, yet guided the participants to reach these conclusions themselves. While this might seem counter to the principles of participation, the firm often succeeded in reshaping shortsighted attitudes toward the city that diminished its quality of experience. The chapter ends with an assessment of what might be learned from this tension between facilitation and manipulation, particularly as it relates to widespread debates on participatory planning ongoing today.
