Wang Mingyuan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199579853
- eISBN:
- 9780191722745
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199579853.003.0009
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Environmental and Energy Law
Land is an important natural resource on which human beings depend for existence and development. Rights to land and rights to other natural resources such as mineral resources, water, forest, ...
More
Land is an important natural resource on which human beings depend for existence and development. Rights to land and rights to other natural resources such as mineral resources, water, forest, grassland, wild animals, and renewable resources make up a related and complicated system of rights. This chapter is based on the existing legislation of China on natural resources, taking the exploration, exploitation, and transportation of natural gas as an example. It analyses the conflicts between rights of land use and rights of natural resource development, and puts forward suggestions for improvement.Less
Land is an important natural resource on which human beings depend for existence and development. Rights to land and rights to other natural resources such as mineral resources, water, forest, grassland, wild animals, and renewable resources make up a related and complicated system of rights. This chapter is based on the existing legislation of China on natural resources, taking the exploration, exploitation, and transportation of natural gas as an example. It analyses the conflicts between rights of land use and rights of natural resource development, and puts forward suggestions for improvement.
John D. Thompson
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198515340
- eISBN:
- 9780191705687
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198515340.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
This book integrates a diverse and scattered literature to produce a synthetic account of plant evolutionary ecology. The central theme is differentiation, both among and within species, in the ...
More
This book integrates a diverse and scattered literature to produce a synthetic account of plant evolutionary ecology. The central theme is differentiation, both among and within species, in the contemporary flora of the Mediterranean basin. This theme is developed by linking population processes to species evolution, and by examining the variation and evolution of ecological function in the context of spatial habitat variation and regional history. The Mediterranean is a region with a complex geological and climatic history, and a highly heterogeneous landscape in which human activities have greatly modified local conditions and the spatial configuration of habitats. This book explores the evolutionary processes that have shaped plant evolution in the context of these major influences on vegetation. The book is structured around two central topics in evolutionary ecology: diversity and adaptation. The Mediterranean region is a hotspot of plant biodiversity, a key ingredient of which is its richness in endemic species. A primary question motivating this book concerns the role of historical factors and spatial environmental variation in the evolution of such endemism. The Mediterranean landscape is also characterized by dramatic variations in ecological conditions, often over short distances. A second focus is on the ecological and historical factors that mediate dispersal, reproduction, and adaptive trait variation in the Mediterranean mosaic.Less
This book integrates a diverse and scattered literature to produce a synthetic account of plant evolutionary ecology. The central theme is differentiation, both among and within species, in the contemporary flora of the Mediterranean basin. This theme is developed by linking population processes to species evolution, and by examining the variation and evolution of ecological function in the context of spatial habitat variation and regional history. The Mediterranean is a region with a complex geological and climatic history, and a highly heterogeneous landscape in which human activities have greatly modified local conditions and the spatial configuration of habitats. This book explores the evolutionary processes that have shaped plant evolution in the context of these major influences on vegetation. The book is structured around two central topics in evolutionary ecology: diversity and adaptation. The Mediterranean region is a hotspot of plant biodiversity, a key ingredient of which is its richness in endemic species. A primary question motivating this book concerns the role of historical factors and spatial environmental variation in the evolution of such endemism. The Mediterranean landscape is also characterized by dramatic variations in ecological conditions, often over short distances. A second focus is on the ecological and historical factors that mediate dispersal, reproduction, and adaptive trait variation in the Mediterranean mosaic.
Scott Eddie
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198201663
- eISBN:
- 9780191718434
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201663.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter shows a clear East-West gradient in a land yield index by province, based on Kreis data from the land tax cadastre (Grundsteuerveranlagung) of the early 1860s. The province of Saxony ...
More
This chapter shows a clear East-West gradient in a land yield index by province, based on Kreis data from the land tax cadastre (Grundsteuerveranlagung) of the early 1860s. The province of Saxony stands out as having the highest quality land in general, whereas East Prussia had generally the lowest. Cluster analysis is used to classify large properties by their land-use profiles. The general structure of the clusters proved remarkably stable over time. The chapter further examines the clusters by total area and total tax value contained within each cluster. Bourgeois land owners tended to concentrate their holdings in arable agriculture, the nobility in properties with mixed land use, and the Prussian state in forestry. Other land owners as a group had about half the tax value of their holdings in properties specialized on arable agriculture, with the rest spread out over all different combinations of land use.Less
This chapter shows a clear East-West gradient in a land yield index by province, based on Kreis data from the land tax cadastre (Grundsteuerveranlagung) of the early 1860s. The province of Saxony stands out as having the highest quality land in general, whereas East Prussia had generally the lowest. Cluster analysis is used to classify large properties by their land-use profiles. The general structure of the clusters proved remarkably stable over time. The chapter further examines the clusters by total area and total tax value contained within each cluster. Bourgeois land owners tended to concentrate their holdings in arable agriculture, the nobility in properties with mixed land use, and the Prussian state in forestry. Other land owners as a group had about half the tax value of their holdings in properties specialized on arable agriculture, with the rest spread out over all different combinations of land use.
Scott Eddie
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198201663
- eISBN:
- 9780191718434
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201663.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Cluster analysis of the ‘land-use profile’ for each Kreis in the land tax cadastre of the early 1860s shows that the land best suited to arable agriculture was concentrated in the east central and ...
More
Cluster analysis of the ‘land-use profile’ for each Kreis in the land tax cadastre of the early 1860s shows that the land best suited to arable agriculture was concentrated in the east central and southern provinces, and to forestry mostly in Brandenburg and Silesia, whereas the Baltic provinces were best suited to widespread mixed land use. Properties of 100 hectares or more covered nearly half the land in East Elbia; this was a fifth of all the land in Germany. Their total area was more unequally distributed than their total tax value, because of composition differences in different size categories. The distribution by tax value conformed very closely to a log-normal distribution, but that by area did not. This chapter also shows that the area of large properties was more unequally distributed by class of owner than by size of property, and that this varied considerably by province.Less
Cluster analysis of the ‘land-use profile’ for each Kreis in the land tax cadastre of the early 1860s shows that the land best suited to arable agriculture was concentrated in the east central and southern provinces, and to forestry mostly in Brandenburg and Silesia, whereas the Baltic provinces were best suited to widespread mixed land use. Properties of 100 hectares or more covered nearly half the land in East Elbia; this was a fifth of all the land in Germany. Their total area was more unequally distributed than their total tax value, because of composition differences in different size categories. The distribution by tax value conformed very closely to a log-normal distribution, but that by area did not. This chapter also shows that the area of large properties was more unequally distributed by class of owner than by size of property, and that this varied considerably by province.
Robert J. Bennett and Alan G. Wilson
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197262863
- eISBN:
- 9780191734076
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197262863.003.0014
- Subject:
- Sociology, Population and Demography
This chapter discusses the main trends and the most prominent focuses of research regarding geography as an applied discipline. It concentrates on the contributions of geographers in Britain and the ...
More
This chapter discusses the main trends and the most prominent focuses of research regarding geography as an applied discipline. It concentrates on the contributions of geographers in Britain and the applied developments in human geography. The development of physical geography and earth sciences has been particularly influential on the development of applied geography at various stages. The chapter also examines regional planning and policy, town and country planning, land use planning and other specific fields.Less
This chapter discusses the main trends and the most prominent focuses of research regarding geography as an applied discipline. It concentrates on the contributions of geographers in Britain and the applied developments in human geography. The development of physical geography and earth sciences has been particularly influential on the development of applied geography at various stages. The chapter also examines regional planning and policy, town and country planning, land use planning and other specific fields.
ROGER B. MANNING
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198203247
- eISBN:
- 9780191675805
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203247.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Social History
This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about social and cultural aspects of the history of unlawful hunting in England during the period from 1485 to 1640. This book ...
More
This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about social and cultural aspects of the history of unlawful hunting in England during the period from 1485 to 1640. This book focuses on the early modern sense of unlawful taking of deer. It explores the conflicting uses of land, the awakening of political consciousness, and the form violence that often accompany the confrontations between poachers and gamekeepers. The chapter discusses the role of the Court of Star Chamber in the development of the modern law of public order.Less
This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about social and cultural aspects of the history of unlawful hunting in England during the period from 1485 to 1640. This book focuses on the early modern sense of unlawful taking of deer. It explores the conflicting uses of land, the awakening of political consciousness, and the form violence that often accompany the confrontations between poachers and gamekeepers. The chapter discusses the role of the Court of Star Chamber in the development of the modern law of public order.
Roger White, Guy Engelen, and Inge Uljee
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029568
- eISBN:
- 9780262331371
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029568.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
Urban growth and change are modelled by a constrained CA in which cell states represent land uses. The transition rule takes into account not only the neighbourhood effect, which captures attraction ...
More
Urban growth and change are modelled by a constrained CA in which cell states represent land uses. The transition rule takes into account not only the neighbourhood effect, which captures attraction and repulsion effects among the various land uses, but also several other factors: suitabilities, representing physical factors such as slope or flood risk; accessibility to the transport network; legal restrictions on land use; and a random perturbation representing variability among the implicit agents making the land use decisions. The basic CA land use model is linked dynamically to other models—specifically economic, demographic, and natural system models—with two-way feedback, so that the linked models drive growth in the land use model, while changes is land use modify relevant parameters in the linked models. Applications to Dublin, Cincinnati, and the island of Saint Lucia are discussed.Less
Urban growth and change are modelled by a constrained CA in which cell states represent land uses. The transition rule takes into account not only the neighbourhood effect, which captures attraction and repulsion effects among the various land uses, but also several other factors: suitabilities, representing physical factors such as slope or flood risk; accessibility to the transport network; legal restrictions on land use; and a random perturbation representing variability among the implicit agents making the land use decisions. The basic CA land use model is linked dynamically to other models—specifically economic, demographic, and natural system models—with two-way feedback, so that the linked models drive growth in the land use model, while changes is land use modify relevant parameters in the linked models. Applications to Dublin, Cincinnati, and the island of Saint Lucia are discussed.
Alfonso Moreno
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199228409
- eISBN:
- 9780191711312
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199228409.003.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter attempts to calculate the grain production and carrying capacity of Attica by analyzing five key variables: land, use of the land, crop yields, population, and consumption. Previous ...
More
This chapter attempts to calculate the grain production and carrying capacity of Attica by analyzing five key variables: land, use of the land, crop yields, population, and consumption. Previous scholarly attempts to calculate these variables are surveyed. As part of the study of land, soil and climate are examined, as well as the extent of arable space, taking into account the use of terracing. As part of the study of land use, the conventional and revised models of Greek farming are compared. The results confirm the continuing usefulness of the former, which would indicate that half of the cultivable land of Attica required fallowing each year, and that natural fertilizers were insufficiently available to overcome this need or to escape relatively low yields. It is argued that the figures of imported grain transmitted by Demosthenes are reliable, and that recent attempts to demonstrate the opposite are unsatisfactory.Less
This chapter attempts to calculate the grain production and carrying capacity of Attica by analyzing five key variables: land, use of the land, crop yields, population, and consumption. Previous scholarly attempts to calculate these variables are surveyed. As part of the study of land, soil and climate are examined, as well as the extent of arable space, taking into account the use of terracing. As part of the study of land use, the conventional and revised models of Greek farming are compared. The results confirm the continuing usefulness of the former, which would indicate that half of the cultivable land of Attica required fallowing each year, and that natural fertilizers were insufficiently available to overcome this need or to escape relatively low yields. It is argued that the figures of imported grain transmitted by Demosthenes are reliable, and that recent attempts to demonstrate the opposite are unsatisfactory.
Eric T. Freyfogle
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813124391
- eISBN:
- 9780813134888
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813124391.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
This chapter discusses the issue of land ownership, with particular attention to the distinction between private and public lands. One major difference between private and public land ownership ...
More
This chapter discusses the issue of land ownership, with particular attention to the distinction between private and public lands. One major difference between private and public land ownership resides in who has the final decision over how land should be used. Decisions about public lands are mostly made by public decision-makers. On the other hand, private owners have a greater say in land-use decisions, but lawmakers commonly play important roles. Despite this distinction, there are some overlaps between two forms of ownership, owing mainly to the fact that both are defined by law and, as such, should serve to benefit the common good. The challenge in attempting to get truly good land use is coming up with better ways of combining public and private interests on the same piece of land. In discussions on land ownership and property rights, the idea that private and public ownership are two distinct categories should be eliminated to create better land-management arrangements.Less
This chapter discusses the issue of land ownership, with particular attention to the distinction between private and public lands. One major difference between private and public land ownership resides in who has the final decision over how land should be used. Decisions about public lands are mostly made by public decision-makers. On the other hand, private owners have a greater say in land-use decisions, but lawmakers commonly play important roles. Despite this distinction, there are some overlaps between two forms of ownership, owing mainly to the fact that both are defined by law and, as such, should serve to benefit the common good. The challenge in attempting to get truly good land use is coming up with better ways of combining public and private interests on the same piece of land. In discussions on land ownership and property rights, the idea that private and public ownership are two distinct categories should be eliminated to create better land-management arrangements.
Jie W Weiss and David J Weiss
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195322989
- eISBN:
- 9780199869206
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195322989.003.0026
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter defines the problem of public values and summarizes some of the difficulties of present approaches to its solution. It then presents a technology, based on ideas drawn from contemporary ...
More
This chapter defines the problem of public values and summarizes some of the difficulties of present approaches to its solution. It then presents a technology, based on ideas drawn from contemporary decision theory, for amelioration of some of these problems, together with a study illustrating and applying that technology. Although the technology is quite general, the discussion focuses on problems of social decision making about land-use management, and in particular about coastal-zone management.Less
This chapter defines the problem of public values and summarizes some of the difficulties of present approaches to its solution. It then presents a technology, based on ideas drawn from contemporary decision theory, for amelioration of some of these problems, together with a study illustrating and applying that technology. Although the technology is quite general, the discussion focuses on problems of social decision making about land-use management, and in particular about coastal-zone management.
Eric Freyfogle
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300110401
- eISBN:
- 9780300133295
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300110401.001.0001
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Nature
This book examines different aspects of land conservation. Using land in its broadest ecological sense, to include not just soils but wildlife, water, ecological processes, and humans, it approaches ...
More
This book examines different aspects of land conservation. Using land in its broadest ecological sense, to include not just soils but wildlife, water, ecological processes, and humans, it approaches the battlegrounds from two quite different directions. Those who promote conservation typically respond to some inner longing to respect nature's processes. They care about living creatures, often passionately, and want nature's beauties and life forms close at hand. When taken seriously, as a vital strand of political and cultural thought, conservation poses a forceful challenge to elements of modern culture accepted as fundamental. It questions not only specific land-use practices but also our entrenched ways of seeing and valuing nature, and challenges our excessive faith in science and the capitalist market along with our exaggerated emphasis on individual autonomy. By situating humans within a value-infused natural order, the cause overlaps with religious traditions that honor the creation, and, by emphasizing connections among people and between people and lands, promotes a community-centered perspective of life which contrasts with social views exalting individualism. With its call for citizens to broaden their moral and aesthetic sensibilities, conservation fits within America's long heritage of progressive social reform.Less
This book examines different aspects of land conservation. Using land in its broadest ecological sense, to include not just soils but wildlife, water, ecological processes, and humans, it approaches the battlegrounds from two quite different directions. Those who promote conservation typically respond to some inner longing to respect nature's processes. They care about living creatures, often passionately, and want nature's beauties and life forms close at hand. When taken seriously, as a vital strand of political and cultural thought, conservation poses a forceful challenge to elements of modern culture accepted as fundamental. It questions not only specific land-use practices but also our entrenched ways of seeing and valuing nature, and challenges our excessive faith in science and the capitalist market along with our exaggerated emphasis on individual autonomy. By situating humans within a value-infused natural order, the cause overlaps with religious traditions that honor the creation, and, by emphasizing connections among people and between people and lands, promotes a community-centered perspective of life which contrasts with social views exalting individualism. With its call for citizens to broaden their moral and aesthetic sensibilities, conservation fits within America's long heritage of progressive social reform.
Jie W Weiss and David J Weiss
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195322989
- eISBN:
- 9780199869206
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195322989.003.0027
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
Arguments over public policy typically depend on disagreements about public values. The conflicts arise over the relative importance of various goals. Normally, such disagreements are fought out in ...
More
Arguments over public policy typically depend on disagreements about public values. The conflicts arise over the relative importance of various goals. Normally, such disagreements are fought out in the contexts of specific decisions, and so are fought out over and over again, at enormous social cost each time another decision must be made. This chapter proposes a method that can spell out explicitly what each individual's or group's values are, showing how and how much they differ—and in the process can frequently reduce the extent of such differences. The chapter is organized around three examples. One is land use management; the specific example is a stud aimed at the decision problems of the California Coastal Commission. The second example is concerned with administrative decision-making, specifically, with the process that the Office of Child Development of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare used to develop its research program for the 1974 fiscal year. The third example concerns an attempt to develop a consensus among disagreeing experts on water quality about a measure of the merits of various water sources for two purposes: the input, before treatment, to a public water supply, and an environment for fish and wild life.Less
Arguments over public policy typically depend on disagreements about public values. The conflicts arise over the relative importance of various goals. Normally, such disagreements are fought out in the contexts of specific decisions, and so are fought out over and over again, at enormous social cost each time another decision must be made. This chapter proposes a method that can spell out explicitly what each individual's or group's values are, showing how and how much they differ—and in the process can frequently reduce the extent of such differences. The chapter is organized around three examples. One is land use management; the specific example is a stud aimed at the decision problems of the California Coastal Commission. The second example is concerned with administrative decision-making, specifically, with the process that the Office of Child Development of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare used to develop its research program for the 1974 fiscal year. The third example concerns an attempt to develop a consensus among disagreeing experts on water quality about a measure of the merits of various water sources for two purposes: the input, before treatment, to a public water supply, and an environment for fish and wild life.
JEREMY ADELMAN
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198204411
- eISBN:
- 9780191676253
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204411.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
American homestead legislation was embodied in the Dominion Lands Act of 1872, aimed to foster the settlement of the open lands with ‘family farms’. Since landownership was the goal of the settlers, ...
More
American homestead legislation was embodied in the Dominion Lands Act of 1872, aimed to foster the settlement of the open lands with ‘family farms’. Since landownership was the goal of the settlers, and legislation allocated exclusive private property rights to homesteaders and not to ranchers, the judicial system favoured enclosure of the public domain for use in small-scale arable agriculture. As the amount of free homestead land dwindled, settlers increasingly staked land within territories reserved for grazing. This chapter discusses the political economy of the settlement, the land market and speculation, land distribution, and land use.Less
American homestead legislation was embodied in the Dominion Lands Act of 1872, aimed to foster the settlement of the open lands with ‘family farms’. Since landownership was the goal of the settlers, and legislation allocated exclusive private property rights to homesteaders and not to ranchers, the judicial system favoured enclosure of the public domain for use in small-scale arable agriculture. As the amount of free homestead land dwindled, settlers increasingly staked land within territories reserved for grazing. This chapter discusses the political economy of the settlement, the land market and speculation, land distribution, and land use.
Alain Durand-Lasserve
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231172783
- eISBN:
- 9780231540766
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231172783.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Durand-Lasserve looks at peri-urban areas and hinterlands of West African cities and argues that any formalization of rights to land needs to take account of social practices and highly uneven ...
More
Durand-Lasserve looks at peri-urban areas and hinterlands of West African cities and argues that any formalization of rights to land needs to take account of social practices and highly uneven bargaining power of different actors. Zoning and titling programs introduced by the World Bank and other developing agencies that ignore these practices are bound to fail, or worse, they tend to accelerate the concentration of land in favor of the elites. Durand-Lasserve presents an analytical framework for diagnosing land use and allocation practices that take account of tenure security and property rights, but also of the channels through which land is reallocated given these initial conditions. Moreover, he highlights the importance of a well-run land administration for limiting graft and capture.Less
Durand-Lasserve looks at peri-urban areas and hinterlands of West African cities and argues that any formalization of rights to land needs to take account of social practices and highly uneven bargaining power of different actors. Zoning and titling programs introduced by the World Bank and other developing agencies that ignore these practices are bound to fail, or worse, they tend to accelerate the concentration of land in favor of the elites. Durand-Lasserve presents an analytical framework for diagnosing land use and allocation practices that take account of tenure security and property rights, but also of the channels through which land is reallocated given these initial conditions. Moreover, he highlights the importance of a well-run land administration for limiting graft and capture.
Michael D. McNally
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691190907
- eISBN:
- 9780691201511
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691190907.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
This chapter examines the failure in the courts of Native appeals to religious freedom protections for sacred lands, and it extends the previous chapter's analysis of the reception of Native claims ...
More
This chapter examines the failure in the courts of Native appeals to religious freedom protections for sacred lands, and it extends the previous chapter's analysis of the reception of Native claims to religion as religion. Where a religious claim conforms to the subjective, interior spirituality that has become naturalized in the United States, it has worked reasonably well in the courts. This is emphatically not the case where claims involve religious relationships with, uses of, and obligations to, land. The chapter explains how courts reason their way out of taking steps to protect Native American religious freedom when sacred places are threatened, a puzzling matter in that courts consistently acknowledge the sincerity of the religious beliefs and practices associated with those sacred places. Along the way the chapter develops a fuller sense of the workings of the discourse of Native American spirituality as it comes to control judicial comprehension of Native religious freedom claims.Less
This chapter examines the failure in the courts of Native appeals to religious freedom protections for sacred lands, and it extends the previous chapter's analysis of the reception of Native claims to religion as religion. Where a religious claim conforms to the subjective, interior spirituality that has become naturalized in the United States, it has worked reasonably well in the courts. This is emphatically not the case where claims involve religious relationships with, uses of, and obligations to, land. The chapter explains how courts reason their way out of taking steps to protect Native American religious freedom when sacred places are threatened, a puzzling matter in that courts consistently acknowledge the sincerity of the religious beliefs and practices associated with those sacred places. Along the way the chapter develops a fuller sense of the workings of the discourse of Native American spirituality as it comes to control judicial comprehension of Native religious freedom claims.
ROGER B. MANNING
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198203247
- eISBN:
- 9780191675805
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203247.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Social History
This chapter focuses on hunting and land use in woodland societies in medieval England. It examines the impact of deer parks, rabbit warrens, fishponds, and dovecotes upon the landscape, and shows ...
More
This chapter focuses on hunting and land use in woodland societies in medieval England. It examines the impact of deer parks, rabbit warrens, fishponds, and dovecotes upon the landscape, and shows why they were conducive to social conflict and unlawful hunting. The chapter explains that during the sixteenth century, the population increased because of the expansion of rural industries, and that this was accompanied by disparkment and disafforestation of game reserves and an increase of game consumption of the aristocracy.Less
This chapter focuses on hunting and land use in woodland societies in medieval England. It examines the impact of deer parks, rabbit warrens, fishponds, and dovecotes upon the landscape, and shows why they were conducive to social conflict and unlawful hunting. The chapter explains that during the sixteenth century, the population increased because of the expansion of rural industries, and that this was accompanied by disparkment and disafforestation of game reserves and an increase of game consumption of the aristocracy.
Eva Pils
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231172783
- eISBN:
- 9780231540766
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231172783.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Pils focuses on land use and reallocation practices in China to shed new light on the notion of essentiality and the claim that Voice and Reflexivity offer guidance for addressing questions of ...
More
Pils focuses on land use and reallocation practices in China to shed new light on the notion of essentiality and the claim that Voice and Reflexivity offer guidance for addressing questions of fundamental injustice. She places this framework into a broader philosophical discourse and associates it with Peter Singer and others who developed a global theory of responsibility. She warns against focusing too much on the distributional consequences of property rights that honor the right to exclude while overlooking injustice in the process of redistribution. China serves as an interesting example, because it features state actors who, in the name of development (but not infrequently for personal gain) use state power to expropriate individuals and (in some cases) deny them access to essential resources. Pils argues that people must be given much greater “Say” in their lives – including the right to exclude the state from interference with their rights safe for exceptional circumstances.Less
Pils focuses on land use and reallocation practices in China to shed new light on the notion of essentiality and the claim that Voice and Reflexivity offer guidance for addressing questions of fundamental injustice. She places this framework into a broader philosophical discourse and associates it with Peter Singer and others who developed a global theory of responsibility. She warns against focusing too much on the distributional consequences of property rights that honor the right to exclude while overlooking injustice in the process of redistribution. China serves as an interesting example, because it features state actors who, in the name of development (but not infrequently for personal gain) use state power to expropriate individuals and (in some cases) deny them access to essential resources. Pils argues that people must be given much greater “Say” in their lives – including the right to exclude the state from interference with their rights safe for exceptional circumstances.
Changchun Feng and Jiajie Zhu
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028504
- eISBN:
- 9789882206717
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028504.003.0011
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter discusses the relationship between land-use structure optimization and urban development. During periods of rapid economic transformation, the optimization of land-use structures can ...
More
This chapter discusses the relationship between land-use structure optimization and urban development. During periods of rapid economic transformation, the optimization of land-use structures can help to achieve sustainable development, as it enhances land-use efficiency, maintains land production, and strikes a balance for the ecosystem. The chapter also presents the Pearl River Delta (PRD) as a case study to analyse current land-use structures and efficiency, as well as changes in the spatial distribution of different land uses since the 1990s. It identifies the key problems in the PRD's current land-use patterns and concludes with policy recommendations for optimizing land-use structures.Less
This chapter discusses the relationship between land-use structure optimization and urban development. During periods of rapid economic transformation, the optimization of land-use structures can help to achieve sustainable development, as it enhances land-use efficiency, maintains land production, and strikes a balance for the ecosystem. The chapter also presents the Pearl River Delta (PRD) as a case study to analyse current land-use structures and efficiency, as well as changes in the spatial distribution of different land uses since the 1990s. It identifies the key problems in the PRD's current land-use patterns and concludes with policy recommendations for optimizing land-use structures.
Aileen McHarg, Barry Barton, Adrian Bradbrook, and Lee Godden (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199579853
- eISBN:
- 9780191722745
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199579853.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Environmental and Energy Law
The law of energy and natural resources has always had a strong focus on property as one of its components, but there are relatively few comparative, book-length, treatments of both property law and ...
More
The law of energy and natural resources has always had a strong focus on property as one of its components, but there are relatively few comparative, book-length, treatments of both property law and energy and natural resources law. The aim of this edited collection is to explore the multiple dimensions of the contemporary relationship between property and energy and natural resources law. Its genesis was the growing resurgence of global interest in questions of property in energy and resources and how this manifests itself across legal regimes around the world. With an international and comparative character, the collection seeks to capture differences in the meaning of property, and the different views about the role it should play in a diverse range of contexts: civil law and common law; the law of indigenous communities; public law and private law; and national and international law. Key issues discussed include private rights and common property situations, privatization and regulation, competition for land use and resources, the role of property rights in environmental protection, and the balance between national sovereignty and the security of foreign investment. The collection thus has relevance for a wide readership interested in the legal dimensions of property as an increasingly important aspect of the law for energy and resources across diverse countries, and at the international level. The contributors are established experts in the energy and natural resources law field, and the collection builds upon a body of previous collaborative work in this area.Less
The law of energy and natural resources has always had a strong focus on property as one of its components, but there are relatively few comparative, book-length, treatments of both property law and energy and natural resources law. The aim of this edited collection is to explore the multiple dimensions of the contemporary relationship between property and energy and natural resources law. Its genesis was the growing resurgence of global interest in questions of property in energy and resources and how this manifests itself across legal regimes around the world. With an international and comparative character, the collection seeks to capture differences in the meaning of property, and the different views about the role it should play in a diverse range of contexts: civil law and common law; the law of indigenous communities; public law and private law; and national and international law. Key issues discussed include private rights and common property situations, privatization and regulation, competition for land use and resources, the role of property rights in environmental protection, and the balance between national sovereignty and the security of foreign investment. The collection thus has relevance for a wide readership interested in the legal dimensions of property as an increasingly important aspect of the law for energy and resources across diverse countries, and at the international level. The contributors are established experts in the energy and natural resources law field, and the collection builds upon a body of previous collaborative work in this area.
Simon L. Lewis, Yadvinder Malhi, and Oliver L. Phillips
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198567066
- eISBN:
- 9780191717888
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198567066.003.0004
- Subject:
- Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
Recent observations of widespread changes in mature tropical forests such as a rise in tree growth, recruitment and mortality, and above-ground biomass, suggest that ‘global change’ agents may be ...
More
Recent observations of widespread changes in mature tropical forests such as a rise in tree growth, recruitment and mortality, and above-ground biomass, suggest that ‘global change’ agents may be affecting tropical forests far from the deforestation fronts. However, consensus has yet to emerge over the robustness of these changes and the environmental drivers that may be causing them. This chapter focuses on the second part of this debate. Ten potential widespread drivers of environmental change are identified: temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, climatic extremes (including El Niñno-Southern Oscillation events), atmospheric CO2 concentrations, nutrient deposition, O3/acid depositions, hunting, land-use change, and increasing liana numbers. Each is expected to leave a unique ‘fingerprint’ in tropical forests, as drivers directly force different processes, have different distributions in space and time and may affect some forests more than others (e.g., depending on soil fertility). Testable a priori predictions of forest responses are presented to help ecologists attribute particular changes in forests to particular causes. Finally, this chapter discusses how these drivers may change and the possible future consequences for tropical forests.Less
Recent observations of widespread changes in mature tropical forests such as a rise in tree growth, recruitment and mortality, and above-ground biomass, suggest that ‘global change’ agents may be affecting tropical forests far from the deforestation fronts. However, consensus has yet to emerge over the robustness of these changes and the environmental drivers that may be causing them. This chapter focuses on the second part of this debate. Ten potential widespread drivers of environmental change are identified: temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, climatic extremes (including El Niñno-Southern Oscillation events), atmospheric CO2 concentrations, nutrient deposition, O3/acid depositions, hunting, land-use change, and increasing liana numbers. Each is expected to leave a unique ‘fingerprint’ in tropical forests, as drivers directly force different processes, have different distributions in space and time and may affect some forests more than others (e.g., depending on soil fertility). Testable a priori predictions of forest responses are presented to help ecologists attribute particular changes in forests to particular causes. Finally, this chapter discusses how these drivers may change and the possible future consequences for tropical forests.
