Larry Carbone
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195161960
- eISBN:
- 9780199790067
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195161960.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
This book presents a history of animal rights. It brings a novel, sociological perspective to an area that has been addressed largely from a philosophical perspective, or from the entrenched ...
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This book presents a history of animal rights. It brings a novel, sociological perspective to an area that has been addressed largely from a philosophical perspective, or from the entrenched positions of highly committed advocates of a particular position in the debate. This book is about the people who would speak for animals in laboratories. On the one hand, people vie to speak on animals' behalf in the policy arena, to advocate for them in a forum in which they have no direct voice. Animal protectionists are immediately obvious in this role, but so are veterinarians, other animal care professionals, and many scientists. On the other hand, speaking for animals means interpreting them, translating their animal minds into human language; it's a claim of expertise and knowledge rather than commitment and advocacy. But the two are intimately intertwined, and many of the policy debates examined in this book are about these two ways of speaking for animals. This book is offered to those who are hoping for some sort of balance that promotes animal welfare and biomedical progress, not platitudes or irrelevant rules with no real impact in animals' lives.Less
This book presents a history of animal rights. It brings a novel, sociological perspective to an area that has been addressed largely from a philosophical perspective, or from the entrenched positions of highly committed advocates of a particular position in the debate. This book is about the people who would speak for animals in laboratories. On the one hand, people vie to speak on animals' behalf in the policy arena, to advocate for them in a forum in which they have no direct voice. Animal protectionists are immediately obvious in this role, but so are veterinarians, other animal care professionals, and many scientists. On the other hand, speaking for animals means interpreting them, translating their animal minds into human language; it's a claim of expertise and knowledge rather than commitment and advocacy. But the two are intimately intertwined, and many of the policy debates examined in this book are about these two ways of speaking for animals. This book is offered to those who are hoping for some sort of balance that promotes animal welfare and biomedical progress, not platitudes or irrelevant rules with no real impact in animals' lives.
Larry Carbone
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195161960
- eISBN:
- 9780199790067
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195161960.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
This introductory chapter begins with a description of the goal of the book, which is to understand efforts over the past few decades to establish and maintain standards of animal welfare for ...
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This introductory chapter begins with a description of the goal of the book, which is to understand efforts over the past few decades to establish and maintain standards of animal welfare for animals, in pursuit of improved lives for future animals. Social theory and animal welfare science, and current trends in laboratory animal welfare policy are discussed.Less
This introductory chapter begins with a description of the goal of the book, which is to understand efforts over the past few decades to establish and maintain standards of animal welfare for animals, in pursuit of improved lives for future animals. Social theory and animal welfare science, and current trends in laboratory animal welfare policy are discussed.
Larry Carbone
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195161960
- eISBN:
- 9780199790067
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195161960.003.0002
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
This chapter presents a behind-the-scenes tour of an animal laboratory. It describes what an animal experiment is, what kinds of animals are in laboratories, who the people who work in animal ...
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This chapter presents a behind-the-scenes tour of an animal laboratory. It describes what an animal experiment is, what kinds of animals are in laboratories, who the people who work in animal laboratories are, and what regulations they operate under.Less
This chapter presents a behind-the-scenes tour of an animal laboratory. It describes what an animal experiment is, what kinds of animals are in laboratories, who the people who work in animal laboratories are, and what regulations they operate under.
Larry Carbone
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195161960
- eISBN:
- 9780199790067
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195161960.003.0006
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
This chapter examines the development of the profession of laboratory animal veterinary medicine. It argues that veterinarians have carved out a limited niche for themselves without impinging on the ...
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This chapter examines the development of the profession of laboratory animal veterinary medicine. It argues that veterinarians have carved out a limited niche for themselves without impinging on the liberty of researchers to use animals as they see fit. Veterinarians have consolidated their domain of animal care (as opposed to animal use) through their focus on controlling animal infections and disease, but their medicalized conception of animal welfare left them ill prepared for the conceptual shift in animal welfare policy in the 1980s, with its new focus on animal behavior, subjectivity, emotion, and psychological well-being.Less
This chapter examines the development of the profession of laboratory animal veterinary medicine. It argues that veterinarians have carved out a limited niche for themselves without impinging on the liberty of researchers to use animals as they see fit. Veterinarians have consolidated their domain of animal care (as opposed to animal use) through their focus on controlling animal infections and disease, but their medicalized conception of animal welfare left them ill prepared for the conceptual shift in animal welfare policy in the 1980s, with its new focus on animal behavior, subjectivity, emotion, and psychological well-being.
John Paul Eberhard
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195331721
- eISBN:
- 9780199864058
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331721.003.0006
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience, Techniques
This chapter begins with a description of architectural settings for workplaces, especially laboratories, including neuroscience laboratories. Suggestions are then made for advanced building systems ...
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This chapter begins with a description of architectural settings for workplaces, especially laboratories, including neuroscience laboratories. Suggestions are then made for advanced building systems that could respond to neuroscience laboratory design. The chapter concludes with hypotheses derived from neuroscience research of possible application in understanding affects of laboratory design.Less
This chapter begins with a description of architectural settings for workplaces, especially laboratories, including neuroscience laboratories. Suggestions are then made for advanced building systems that could respond to neuroscience laboratory design. The chapter concludes with hypotheses derived from neuroscience research of possible application in understanding affects of laboratory design.
Eileen Magnello
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198565932
- eISBN:
- 9780191714016
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198565932.003.0002
- Subject:
- Mathematics, History of Mathematics
This chapter details the establishment of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL). The NPL is one of the world's great national standards laboratories. In his presidential address to the British ...
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This chapter details the establishment of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL). The NPL is one of the world's great national standards laboratories. In his presidential address to the British Association in 1895, Sir Douglas Galton called for the creation of a NPL supported by government funding. It was decided that a public institution should be established to determine and verify instruments, test materials, determine physical constants, and undertake investigations into the strength and durability of materials. The work of the NPL up to World War II is discussed.Less
This chapter details the establishment of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL). The NPL is one of the world's great national standards laboratories. In his presidential address to the British Association in 1895, Sir Douglas Galton called for the creation of a NPL supported by government funding. It was decided that a public institution should be established to determine and verify instruments, test materials, determine physical constants, and undertake investigations into the strength and durability of materials. The work of the NPL up to World War II is discussed.
Mary Croarken
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198565932
- eISBN:
- 9780191714016
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198565932.003.0003
- Subject:
- Mathematics, History of Mathematics
In April 1945, the journal Nature announced that the National Physical Laboratory would ‘extend its activities by the establishment of a Mathematics Division’. The new Mathematics Division was ...
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In April 1945, the journal Nature announced that the National Physical Laboratory would ‘extend its activities by the establishment of a Mathematics Division’. The new Mathematics Division was intended to act as a ‘central mathematics station’ and was the first of the three main centres of early electronic computer development in Britain. The Division had two main functions: to undertake research into new computing methods and machines, and to provide computing services and advice to government departments and industry. It was soon providing a national computing service, and became a leading centre for numerical analysis. This chapter sets the stage for these developments in computing, focusing on the circumstances surrounding the creation of the NPL Mathematics Division. Four questions are addressed: why was a central mathematics station needed? Why was it established at the NPL? Why was John Womersley chosen as superintendent? And finally, to what extent did the NPL Mathematics Division succeed as a central mathematics station?Less
In April 1945, the journal Nature announced that the National Physical Laboratory would ‘extend its activities by the establishment of a Mathematics Division’. The new Mathematics Division was intended to act as a ‘central mathematics station’ and was the first of the three main centres of early electronic computer development in Britain. The Division had two main functions: to undertake research into new computing methods and machines, and to provide computing services and advice to government departments and industry. It was soon providing a national computing service, and became a leading centre for numerical analysis. This chapter sets the stage for these developments in computing, focusing on the circumstances surrounding the creation of the NPL Mathematics Division. Four questions are addressed: why was a central mathematics station needed? Why was it established at the NPL? Why was John Womersley chosen as superintendent? And finally, to what extent did the NPL Mathematics Division succeed as a central mathematics station?
B. Jack Copeland
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198565932
- eISBN:
- 9780191714016
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198565932.003.0004
- Subject:
- Mathematics, History of Mathematics
This chapter details the history of the Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) project. The story of the ACE begins with John Womersley's appointment as superintendent of the newly created Mathematics ...
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This chapter details the history of the Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) project. The story of the ACE begins with John Womersley's appointment as superintendent of the newly created Mathematics Division of the National Physical Laboratory. Womersley's proposed research programme for his new division included the goals ‘To explore the application of switching methods (mechanical, electrical and electronic) to computations of all kinds’, ‘Investigation of the possible adaptation of automatic telephone equipment to scientific computing’, and ‘ Development of electronic counting device suitable for rapid computing’. Womersley convinced Turing to join the ACE project.Less
This chapter details the history of the Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) project. The story of the ACE begins with John Womersley's appointment as superintendent of the newly created Mathematics Division of the National Physical Laboratory. Womersley's proposed research programme for his new division included the goals ‘To explore the application of switching methods (mechanical, electrical and electronic) to computations of all kinds’, ‘Investigation of the possible adaptation of automatic telephone equipment to scientific computing’, and ‘ Development of electronic counting device suitable for rapid computing’. Womersley convinced Turing to join the ACE project.
Alan M. Turing
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198565932
- eISBN:
- 9780191714016
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198565932.003.0021
- Subject:
- Mathematics, History of Mathematics
This chapter presents Alan M. Turing's report, ‘Proposed Electronic Calculator’. The report was submitted to the Executive Committee of the National Physical Laboratory in February 1946, under the ...
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This chapter presents Alan M. Turing's report, ‘Proposed Electronic Calculator’. The report was submitted to the Executive Committee of the National Physical Laboratory in February 1946, under the description ‘Report by Dr. A. M. Turing on Proposals for the Development of an Automatic Computing Engine (ACE)’. The design set out in ‘Proposed Electronic Calculator’ was the basis for all the ACE computers.Less
This chapter presents Alan M. Turing's report, ‘Proposed Electronic Calculator’. The report was submitted to the Executive Committee of the National Physical Laboratory in February 1946, under the description ‘Report by Dr. A. M. Turing on Proposals for the Development of an Automatic Computing Engine (ACE)’. The design set out in ‘Proposed Electronic Calculator’ was the basis for all the ACE computers.
Diana C. Mutz
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691144511
- eISBN:
- 9781400840489
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691144511.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
This chapter describes direct and indirect treatments, that is, treatments that either directly and overtly try to move the respondent in a particular direction, or that indirectly do so in a more ...
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This chapter describes direct and indirect treatments, that is, treatments that either directly and overtly try to move the respondent in a particular direction, or that indirectly do so in a more unobtrusive (and often clever) manner. Direct and indirect treatments are highly flexible and can be used to test hypotheses of all kinds. Researchers can implement not only random assignment, but also card sort techniques, false feedback, and just about any treatment that occurs in the lab. The chapter shows how most experimental treatments that can be executed in social science laboratories can also be administered remotely via telephone or Internet to randomly selected members of the relevant population.Less
This chapter describes direct and indirect treatments, that is, treatments that either directly and overtly try to move the respondent in a particular direction, or that indirectly do so in a more unobtrusive (and often clever) manner. Direct and indirect treatments are highly flexible and can be used to test hypotheses of all kinds. Researchers can implement not only random assignment, but also card sort techniques, false feedback, and just about any treatment that occurs in the lab. The chapter shows how most experimental treatments that can be executed in social science laboratories can also be administered remotely via telephone or Internet to randomly selected members of the relevant population.
William J. Sutherland, Ian Newton, and Rhys Green
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198520863
- eISBN:
- 9780191706189
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198520863.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This book outlines the main methods and techniques available to ornithologists. A general shortage of information about available techniques is greatly hindering progress in avian ecology and ...
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This book outlines the main methods and techniques available to ornithologists. A general shortage of information about available techniques is greatly hindering progress in avian ecology and conservation. Currently this sort of information is disparate and difficult to locate with much of it widely dispersed in books, journals and grey literature. This book is a practical handbook describing the methods used in ornithological studies. Many of the chapters describe field methods, but there are also chapters devoted to laboratory techniques and the assessment of ill or dead birds. Two chapters focus on conservation methods: one describes habitat management techniques, and the other considers field manipulations.Less
This book outlines the main methods and techniques available to ornithologists. A general shortage of information about available techniques is greatly hindering progress in avian ecology and conservation. Currently this sort of information is disparate and difficult to locate with much of it widely dispersed in books, journals and grey literature. This book is a practical handbook describing the methods used in ornithological studies. Many of the chapters describe field methods, but there are also chapters devoted to laboratory techniques and the assessment of ill or dead birds. Two chapters focus on conservation methods: one describes habitat management techniques, and the other considers field manipulations.
William Hoppitt and Kevin N. Laland
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691150703
- eISBN:
- 9781400846504
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691150703.003.0003
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
This chapter describes research methods for investigating social learning in the laboratory. In recent decades laboratory experiments have been conducted to explore the population-level aspects of ...
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This chapter describes research methods for investigating social learning in the laboratory. In recent decades laboratory experiments have been conducted to explore the population-level aspects of social transmission; an example is the investigation of aspects of tradition, diffusion, and innovation. This chapter discusses traditional social learning experimental designs, studies of linear transmission chains and replacement transmission chains, and controlled diffusion studies. It also considers some recent neuroscientific analyses of social learning, which extend the study of social learning beyond the behavioral level. In particular, it examines innovation, the biological bases of social learning, neuroendocrinological studies, social learning of fear, and neural mechanisms of observational learning.Less
This chapter describes research methods for investigating social learning in the laboratory. In recent decades laboratory experiments have been conducted to explore the population-level aspects of social transmission; an example is the investigation of aspects of tradition, diffusion, and innovation. This chapter discusses traditional social learning experimental designs, studies of linear transmission chains and replacement transmission chains, and controlled diffusion studies. It also considers some recent neuroscientific analyses of social learning, which extend the study of social learning beyond the behavioral level. In particular, it examines innovation, the biological bases of social learning, neuroendocrinological studies, social learning of fear, and neural mechanisms of observational learning.
Larry Carbone
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195161960
- eISBN:
- 9780199790067
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195161960.003.0004
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
This chapter discusses the significance of animal species in laboratory animal policy debates. Various species have one or more different identities in our society — the faithful dog, the intelligent ...
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This chapter discusses the significance of animal species in laboratory animal policy debates. Various species have one or more different identities in our society — the faithful dog, the intelligent but untamed monkeys, the small defenseless mouse cum vermin — that have played into anti-and pro-vivisection propaganda. It is argued that different species identities, a blend of real facts about the animals as well as our cultural constructs, fit better or worse with shifting moral philosophies of rights, contractarian reciprocity, or feminist ethics of care.Less
This chapter discusses the significance of animal species in laboratory animal policy debates. Various species have one or more different identities in our society — the faithful dog, the intelligent but untamed monkeys, the small defenseless mouse cum vermin — that have played into anti-and pro-vivisection propaganda. It is argued that different species identities, a blend of real facts about the animals as well as our cultural constructs, fit better or worse with shifting moral philosophies of rights, contractarian reciprocity, or feminist ethics of care.
Larry Carbone
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195161960
- eISBN:
- 9780199790067
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195161960.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
Pain management might be seen as the expertise of veterinarians, but within the laboratories it is part of research methodology — the scientists' autonomous domain of animal use. This chapter ...
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Pain management might be seen as the expertise of veterinarians, but within the laboratories it is part of research methodology — the scientists' autonomous domain of animal use. This chapter describes how pain became the driving wedge that eroded the care/use jurisdictional divide between veterinarians and scientists and opened the door to greatly expanded regulation in the 1980s. Topics covered include the political history of pain, the Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals, two core beliefs fueling the drive of animal protectionists for stricter regulation, and a primer on animal pain.Less
Pain management might be seen as the expertise of veterinarians, but within the laboratories it is part of research methodology — the scientists' autonomous domain of animal use. This chapter describes how pain became the driving wedge that eroded the care/use jurisdictional divide between veterinarians and scientists and opened the door to greatly expanded regulation in the 1980s. Topics covered include the political history of pain, the Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals, two core beliefs fueling the drive of animal protectionists for stricter regulation, and a primer on animal pain.
Steve Reich
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195151152
- eISBN:
- 9780199850044
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195151152.003.0036
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
This chapter presents Reich's thoughts about James Tenney. Tenney was a fine composer, pianist, and conductor who was championing the works of (among others) Ives, Varèse, Cage, Feldman, Brown, and ...
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This chapter presents Reich's thoughts about James Tenney. Tenney was a fine composer, pianist, and conductor who was championing the works of (among others) Ives, Varèse, Cage, Feldman, Brown, and Wolff. He was also involved in very high-powered computer music research at Bell Laboratories. Jim seemed to be a natural teacher. He always got to the point of things whether he was at rehearsal or explaining about computers.Less
This chapter presents Reich's thoughts about James Tenney. Tenney was a fine composer, pianist, and conductor who was championing the works of (among others) Ives, Varèse, Cage, Feldman, Brown, and Wolff. He was also involved in very high-powered computer music research at Bell Laboratories. Jim seemed to be a natural teacher. He always got to the point of things whether he was at rehearsal or explaining about computers.
Katharine A. Rodger
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520247048
- eISBN:
- 9780520932661
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520247048.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
The 1925 Pacific Biological Laboratories catalog that Edward F. Ricketts produced was his first major scientific publication. A twenty-five-page, letter-size volume, it is bound in a dark-brown paper ...
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The 1925 Pacific Biological Laboratories catalog that Edward F. Ricketts produced was his first major scientific publication. A twenty-five-page, letter-size volume, it is bound in a dark-brown paper cover, and includes photographs and line drawings of many specimens available from his company, along with information about the size of the specimens, packaging, and cost. The catalog's primary purpose was to advertise, but it was likely the first handbook of some of the common intertidal species of the Monterey Bay area. Though it is far from comprehensive, the catalog evidences Ricketts's growing knowledge about the region and its marine life. Its brief foreword is especially significant, for it features his earliest statements about his work as a collector, and his views on conservation and ecology.Less
The 1925 Pacific Biological Laboratories catalog that Edward F. Ricketts produced was his first major scientific publication. A twenty-five-page, letter-size volume, it is bound in a dark-brown paper cover, and includes photographs and line drawings of many specimens available from his company, along with information about the size of the specimens, packaging, and cost. The catalog's primary purpose was to advertise, but it was likely the first handbook of some of the common intertidal species of the Monterey Bay area. Though it is far from comprehensive, the catalog evidences Ricketts's growing knowledge about the region and its marine life. Its brief foreword is especially significant, for it features his earliest statements about his work as a collector, and his views on conservation and ecology.
Ignacio Palacios-Huerta
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691144023
- eISBN:
- 9781400850310
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691144023.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, History of Economic Thought
Chapter 2 showed that when the exact question being asked is mirrored in a laboratory experiment and the population being studied is the same as in the field, the outcomes from the experiment can be ...
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Chapter 2 showed that when the exact question being asked is mirrored in a laboratory experiment and the population being studied is the same as in the field, the outcomes from the experiment can be just as clear and informative. This result suggests that when either the exact question being asked is not mirrored or the population being studied differs, the outcomes from the experiment probably do not parallel those observed in the field. This chapter uses this insight to draw four lessons for experimental design using the games, methods, and results from the previous chapters. Among these lessons are that Major League Soccer players would not be an appropriate pool of subjects to conduct the type of study implemented in Chapter 2, and that a zero-sum situation played among friends does not represent the way subjects interact in the field.Less
Chapter 2 showed that when the exact question being asked is mirrored in a laboratory experiment and the population being studied is the same as in the field, the outcomes from the experiment can be just as clear and informative. This result suggests that when either the exact question being asked is not mirrored or the population being studied differs, the outcomes from the experiment probably do not parallel those observed in the field. This chapter uses this insight to draw four lessons for experimental design using the games, methods, and results from the previous chapters. Among these lessons are that Major League Soccer players would not be an appropriate pool of subjects to conduct the type of study implemented in Chapter 2, and that a zero-sum situation played among friends does not represent the way subjects interact in the field.
Larry Carbone
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195161960
- eISBN:
- 9780199790067
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195161960.003.0011
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
This chapter looks to a future when animal research ends. It asks how our children's children will judge what we did in our laboratories. Until they are all finally liberated, what goals should we ...
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This chapter looks to a future when animal research ends. It asks how our children's children will judge what we did in our laboratories. Until they are all finally liberated, what goals should we have for the animals? More than ever, laboratory animal medicine is becoming mouse medicine, with the welfare challenge for veterinarians of treating hordes of tiny near-identical subjects as individual, sensitive patients with lives of their own. One must believe that we can succeed in this to justify the work done in animal laboratories.Less
This chapter looks to a future when animal research ends. It asks how our children's children will judge what we did in our laboratories. Until they are all finally liberated, what goals should we have for the animals? More than ever, laboratory animal medicine is becoming mouse medicine, with the welfare challenge for veterinarians of treating hordes of tiny near-identical subjects as individual, sensitive patients with lives of their own. One must believe that we can succeed in this to justify the work done in animal laboratories.
Roger Carpenter and John Robson (eds)
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198523192
- eISBN:
- 9780191688850
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198523192.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
Vision research is one of the largest and most active areas within brain research. Psychologists, neuroscientists, opthamologists and optometrists, computer scientists, and engineers all have an ...
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Vision research is one of the largest and most active areas within brain research. Psychologists, neuroscientists, opthamologists and optometrists, computer scientists, and engineers all have an interest in the practical side of the subject. This book is an accessible laboratory manual for anyone engaged in vision research. Spanning methods used across the breadth of vision research, it provides detailed protocols and advice on experimental techniques and procedures, as well as useful background information currently scattered in the literature.Less
Vision research is one of the largest and most active areas within brain research. Psychologists, neuroscientists, opthamologists and optometrists, computer scientists, and engineers all have an interest in the practical side of the subject. This book is an accessible laboratory manual for anyone engaged in vision research. Spanning methods used across the breadth of vision research, it provides detailed protocols and advice on experimental techniques and procedures, as well as useful background information currently scattered in the literature.
Wendy Faulkner, Jacqueline Senker, and LÉa Velho
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198288336
- eISBN:
- 9780191684586
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198288336.003.0051
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology, Knowledge Management
The fundamental objective of this study involves acquiring a better understanding of the diversity attributed to the private-public research linkage since the public policy for the linkage between ...
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The fundamental objective of this study involves acquiring a better understanding of the diversity attributed to the private-public research linkage since the public policy for the linkage between the industry and PSR is believed to be more effective when the knowledge requirements of an industry are acknowledged and targeted appropriately. This chapter attempts to offer a comparison of the results presented in Chapter 5, 6, and 7 as these results offer information in the context of three varied technological fields. The chapter looks at to what extent, why, and how these companies are able to interact with several government and academic laboratories. As the chapter examines the main similarities, it then suggests a taxonomy of factors that would possibly shed light on the differences of linkages of the three technologies.Less
The fundamental objective of this study involves acquiring a better understanding of the diversity attributed to the private-public research linkage since the public policy for the linkage between the industry and PSR is believed to be more effective when the knowledge requirements of an industry are acknowledged and targeted appropriately. This chapter attempts to offer a comparison of the results presented in Chapter 5, 6, and 7 as these results offer information in the context of three varied technological fields. The chapter looks at to what extent, why, and how these companies are able to interact with several government and academic laboratories. As the chapter examines the main similarities, it then suggests a taxonomy of factors that would possibly shed light on the differences of linkages of the three technologies.
