John Knight and Lina Song
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199245277
- eISBN:
- 9780191602207
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199245274.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter discusses the evolution of the Chinese labour market. It explains the Soviet origins of the labour system and its distinctive Chinese characteristics. The process of economic reform in ...
More
This chapter discusses the evolution of the Chinese labour market. It explains the Soviet origins of the labour system and its distinctive Chinese characteristics. The process of economic reform in rural and urban China is compared. The theoretical framework of the Lewis model was adopted for analysis.Less
This chapter discusses the evolution of the Chinese labour market. It explains the Soviet origins of the labour system and its distinctive Chinese characteristics. The process of economic reform in rural and urban China is compared. The theoretical framework of the Lewis model was adopted for analysis.
Deborah Posel
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198273349
- eISBN:
- 9780191684036
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198273349.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter discusses the labour bureaux system and assesses how and why it failed to ‘rationalise’ the urban labour market in line with the prescriptions of the Native Affairs Department (NAD) ...
More
This chapter discusses the labour bureaux system and assesses how and why it failed to ‘rationalise’ the urban labour market in line with the prescriptions of the Native Affairs Department (NAD) policy. Proper labour planning in the cities and on the farms was the ultimate objective of the labour bureaux, and the way to achieve this goal on the urban market was to ensure that the number of African job-seekers in any city matched the number of vacancies. However, the labour bureaux system brought worsening labour surpluses and shortages, and failed to carry out the NAD's labour canalisation programme effectively. It exercised too little control over the urban market to have been able to impose the Urban Labour Preference Policy (ULPP) effectively and it also imposed too much control to prevent the simultaneous build-up of labour shortages in various categories.Less
This chapter discusses the labour bureaux system and assesses how and why it failed to ‘rationalise’ the urban labour market in line with the prescriptions of the Native Affairs Department (NAD) policy. Proper labour planning in the cities and on the farms was the ultimate objective of the labour bureaux, and the way to achieve this goal on the urban market was to ensure that the number of African job-seekers in any city matched the number of vacancies. However, the labour bureaux system brought worsening labour surpluses and shortages, and failed to carry out the NAD's labour canalisation programme effectively. It exercised too little control over the urban market to have been able to impose the Urban Labour Preference Policy (ULPP) effectively and it also imposed too much control to prevent the simultaneous build-up of labour shortages in various categories.
Deborah Posel
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198273349
- eISBN:
- 9780191684036
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198273349.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter examines the impact of the migrant labour system and influx control legislation. First, it examines the patterns of urban labour demand, and the effect of the migrant labour system and ...
More
This chapter examines the impact of the migrant labour system and influx control legislation. First, it examines the patterns of urban labour demand, and the effect of the migrant labour system and influx control laws on the incorporation of adult male workers into the urban work-force. It then examines African women's occupational options in the cities and how these were affected by the migrant labour system on the one hand, and the influx control legislation on the other.Less
This chapter examines the impact of the migrant labour system and influx control legislation. First, it examines the patterns of urban labour demand, and the effect of the migrant labour system and influx control laws on the incorporation of adult male workers into the urban work-force. It then examines African women's occupational options in the cities and how these were affected by the migrant labour system on the one hand, and the influx control legislation on the other.
Hugh Lauder and Yadollah Mehralizadeh
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199244188
- eISBN:
- 9780191697340
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199244188.003.0004
- Subject:
- Business and Management, HRM / IR, Political Economy
One of the major claims made for the current development of the global economy in relation to the production of goods and services is that multinationals are a conduit for the transfer of technology ...
More
One of the major claims made for the current development of the global economy in relation to the production of goods and services is that multinationals are a conduit for the transfer of technology and with it, skills. This chapter looks at the competing hypotheses regarding the impact of globalization on the different types of education and training (ET) and labour market systems in Germany, Korea, Singapore, and Britain. This also involves looking at skill transfer and the development policies of multinationals. The final section of the chapter reports on the impact of multinational ownership on ‘key’ skills training and application in one major British subsidiary of a foreign multinational. It is argued that key or core skills — those relating to teamwork, communication, problem solving, and the use of IT — and which are required for high-performance workplaces, provide a litmus test of the convergence thesis. If the impact of globalization is that these skills are transferable across national borders, then the convergence thesis will have passed a particularly stringent test.Less
One of the major claims made for the current development of the global economy in relation to the production of goods and services is that multinationals are a conduit for the transfer of technology and with it, skills. This chapter looks at the competing hypotheses regarding the impact of globalization on the different types of education and training (ET) and labour market systems in Germany, Korea, Singapore, and Britain. This also involves looking at skill transfer and the development policies of multinationals. The final section of the chapter reports on the impact of multinational ownership on ‘key’ skills training and application in one major British subsidiary of a foreign multinational. It is argued that key or core skills — those relating to teamwork, communication, problem solving, and the use of IT — and which are required for high-performance workplaces, provide a litmus test of the convergence thesis. If the impact of globalization is that these skills are transferable across national borders, then the convergence thesis will have passed a particularly stringent test.
Frederic C. Deyo
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450518
- eISBN:
- 9780801463945
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450518.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter examines the internal tensions and dynamics of labor systems during times of reform and crisis by focusing on four critical transformative phases: social reproduction and protection, ...
More
This chapter examines the internal tensions and dynamics of labor systems during times of reform and crisis by focusing on four critical transformative phases: social reproduction and protection, labor allocation, and the labor process. Corresponding to these four phases are four domains of government policy: human resource development, social policy, employment policy, and labor relations. If processes of labor transformation define labor systems structurally, their institutional or regulatory dimension refers in the first instance to the terms of employment, formal and informal, that specify the mutual rights and obligations relating sellers and buyers of labor power. This chapter locates the constitution of labor systems within the industrial and economic sectors of national economies. It also suggests an approach to understanding the diverse changes in the circumstances of livelihood and employment among Asian manufacturing workers over the past thirty years of industrialization, globalization, and market reform.Less
This chapter examines the internal tensions and dynamics of labor systems during times of reform and crisis by focusing on four critical transformative phases: social reproduction and protection, labor allocation, and the labor process. Corresponding to these four phases are four domains of government policy: human resource development, social policy, employment policy, and labor relations. If processes of labor transformation define labor systems structurally, their institutional or regulatory dimension refers in the first instance to the terms of employment, formal and informal, that specify the mutual rights and obligations relating sellers and buyers of labor power. This chapter locates the constitution of labor systems within the industrial and economic sectors of national economies. It also suggests an approach to understanding the diverse changes in the circumstances of livelihood and employment among Asian manufacturing workers over the past thirty years of industrialization, globalization, and market reform.
Frederic C. Deyo
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450518
- eISBN:
- 9780801463945
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450518.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This book examines the implications of post-1980s market-oriented economic reform for labor systems in China, South Korea, the Philippines, and Thailand. Adopting a critical institutionalist ...
More
This book examines the implications of post-1980s market-oriented economic reform for labor systems in China, South Korea, the Philippines, and Thailand. Adopting a critical institutionalist perspective, it explores the impact of elite economic interests and strategies, labor politics, institutional path dependencies, and changing economic circumstances on regimes of labor and social regulation in these four countries. Of particular importance are reform-driven socioeconomic and political tensions that, especially following the regional financial crisis of the late 1990s, have encouraged increased efforts to integrate social and developmental agendas with those of market reform. Using analysis of the social economy of East and Southeast Asia, the book suggests that several Asian countries may now be positioned to repeat what they achieved in earlier decades: a prominent role in defining new international models of development and market reform that adapt to the pressures and constraints of the evolving world economy.Less
This book examines the implications of post-1980s market-oriented economic reform for labor systems in China, South Korea, the Philippines, and Thailand. Adopting a critical institutionalist perspective, it explores the impact of elite economic interests and strategies, labor politics, institutional path dependencies, and changing economic circumstances on regimes of labor and social regulation in these four countries. Of particular importance are reform-driven socioeconomic and political tensions that, especially following the regional financial crisis of the late 1990s, have encouraged increased efforts to integrate social and developmental agendas with those of market reform. Using analysis of the social economy of East and Southeast Asia, the book suggests that several Asian countries may now be positioned to repeat what they achieved in earlier decades: a prominent role in defining new international models of development and market reform that adapt to the pressures and constraints of the evolving world economy.
Leon Fink (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199731633
- eISBN:
- 9780199894420
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199731633.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Early Modern History
This book presents the first broad intellectual response by labor and working-class historians to the larger transnational turn in historical studies. Drawing on an international conference of U.S., ...
More
This book presents the first broad intellectual response by labor and working-class historians to the larger transnational turn in historical studies. Drawing on an international conference of U.S., Canadian, Latin American, and Caribbean scholars, the book brings together emerging studies on workers, the state, and international labor activism and institutions. Fourteen chapters, each transnational in scope, address themes of indigenous peoples and labor systems, labor and empire, international feminism and reproductive labor, labor recruitment and immigration control, transnational labor politics, and labor internationalism. In addition, five chapters lead off the volume with critical commentaries on the very project of transnational labor history.Less
This book presents the first broad intellectual response by labor and working-class historians to the larger transnational turn in historical studies. Drawing on an international conference of U.S., Canadian, Latin American, and Caribbean scholars, the book brings together emerging studies on workers, the state, and international labor activism and institutions. Fourteen chapters, each transnational in scope, address themes of indigenous peoples and labor systems, labor and empire, international feminism and reproductive labor, labor recruitment and immigration control, transnational labor politics, and labor internationalism. In addition, five chapters lead off the volume with critical commentaries on the very project of transnational labor history.
Cindy Hahamovitch
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691102689
- eISBN:
- 9781400840021
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691102689.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter discusses further developments for guestworkers around the world. As efforts to protect labor standards, make immigration temporary, or manage migration, guestworker programs have failed ...
More
This chapter discusses further developments for guestworkers around the world. As efforts to protect labor standards, make immigration temporary, or manage migration, guestworker programs have failed and still fail, whether they are in the United States, the Middle East, South Africa, or the Pacific Rim. Yet as labor supply systems designed to quarantine immigrant workers from natives and keep them a caste apart, they have been very effective. They have drawn nations together in a new, government-crafted dependency, in which the world's wealthy nations import foreigners to do their hardest, dirtiest, and often their most intimate work. The chapter argues that this, indeed, was their true purpose and their most pernicious legacy.Less
This chapter discusses further developments for guestworkers around the world. As efforts to protect labor standards, make immigration temporary, or manage migration, guestworker programs have failed and still fail, whether they are in the United States, the Middle East, South Africa, or the Pacific Rim. Yet as labor supply systems designed to quarantine immigrant workers from natives and keep them a caste apart, they have been very effective. They have drawn nations together in a new, government-crafted dependency, in which the world's wealthy nations import foreigners to do their hardest, dirtiest, and often their most intimate work. The chapter argues that this, indeed, was their true purpose and their most pernicious legacy.
Leah Vosko
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199693610
- eISBN:
- 9780191729744
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199693610.003.0023
- Subject:
- Law, Employment Law, Philosophy of Law
This chapter compares and contrasts the U.S. and French systems of labor market regulation. The U.S. system is specialized: Regulating authority is dispersed among a host of different agencies each ...
More
This chapter compares and contrasts the U.S. and French systems of labor market regulation. The U.S. system is specialized: Regulating authority is dispersed among a host of different agencies each with a relatively narrow jurisdiction, and as a result with responsibility for a very limited domain. Authority is further divided between the federal and the state governments. The French system is a unified or general system: a single agency is responsible for the enforcement of the whole labor code. As a result, the French system is a street-level bureaucracy in which considerable power and authority rests with the line agents, the work inspectors themselves. As a result, the French system is considerably more flexible and able to adjust to variations in economic and social conditions across the territory but also over time than is the U.S. system. The contrast is of broader importance because the French system was adopted by Spain (and Italy) and from there spread to Latin America. The chapter goes on to discuss the various managerial issues posed by the two systems and the problems of reconciling their contrasting dynamics in a unified global trading regime.Less
This chapter compares and contrasts the U.S. and French systems of labor market regulation. The U.S. system is specialized: Regulating authority is dispersed among a host of different agencies each with a relatively narrow jurisdiction, and as a result with responsibility for a very limited domain. Authority is further divided between the federal and the state governments. The French system is a unified or general system: a single agency is responsible for the enforcement of the whole labor code. As a result, the French system is a street-level bureaucracy in which considerable power and authority rests with the line agents, the work inspectors themselves. As a result, the French system is considerably more flexible and able to adjust to variations in economic and social conditions across the territory but also over time than is the U.S. system. The contrast is of broader importance because the French system was adopted by Spain (and Italy) and from there spread to Latin America. The chapter goes on to discuss the various managerial issues posed by the two systems and the problems of reconciling their contrasting dynamics in a unified global trading regime.
Yoram Gorlizki and Oleg V. Khlevniuk
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195165814
- eISBN:
- 9780199788811
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195165814.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
Stalin and his coterie's pursuit of their own goals left large swathes of their country in dire poverty. As became apparent from the mounting flow of complaints to the center, some sectors of the ...
More
Stalin and his coterie's pursuit of their own goals left large swathes of their country in dire poverty. As became apparent from the mounting flow of complaints to the center, some sectors of the economy, most notably agriculture and the labor camp system were — after years of relentless exploitation — on the verge of crisis. This chapter examines the leadership's response to these signs of crisis. It focuses on these two policy areas that presented particular problems to the leadership in the late Stalin era and that would subsequently lie at the heart of the new course followed by the post-Stalin leadership.Less
Stalin and his coterie's pursuit of their own goals left large swathes of their country in dire poverty. As became apparent from the mounting flow of complaints to the center, some sectors of the economy, most notably agriculture and the labor camp system were — after years of relentless exploitation — on the verge of crisis. This chapter examines the leadership's response to these signs of crisis. It focuses on these two policy areas that presented particular problems to the leadership in the late Stalin era and that would subsequently lie at the heart of the new course followed by the post-Stalin leadership.
Frederic C. Deyo
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450518
- eISBN:
- 9780801463945
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450518.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter examines the political tensions and instabilities associated with economic reform in China, South Korea, Thailand, and the Philippines. It discusses the labor politics of reform by ...
More
This chapter examines the political tensions and instabilities associated with economic reform in China, South Korea, Thailand, and the Philippines. It discusses the labor politics of reform by focusing on regulatory contestation by groups of workers who variably share the circumstances of particular labor systems, and who seek collectively, and sometimes in concert with other groups, to influence policies affecting the adequacy and security of their economic livelihood. Before assessing the nature and role of labor politics in regulatory change, the chapter considers the foundational, structurally determined conflicts that drive labor opposition. It then explores six strategies employed by workers to influence labor regimes and social policy: trade union activism; social-movement unionism; labor-oriented nongovernmental organizations; broad popular-sector social movements; engagement with labor-friendly political parties; and the generalized threat of social disorder. It also challenges a union-centric view of Asian labor politics that too often marginalizes the role of labor through its failure to embrace a broad range of modalities of labor influence.Less
This chapter examines the political tensions and instabilities associated with economic reform in China, South Korea, Thailand, and the Philippines. It discusses the labor politics of reform by focusing on regulatory contestation by groups of workers who variably share the circumstances of particular labor systems, and who seek collectively, and sometimes in concert with other groups, to influence policies affecting the adequacy and security of their economic livelihood. Before assessing the nature and role of labor politics in regulatory change, the chapter considers the foundational, structurally determined conflicts that drive labor opposition. It then explores six strategies employed by workers to influence labor regimes and social policy: trade union activism; social-movement unionism; labor-oriented nongovernmental organizations; broad popular-sector social movements; engagement with labor-friendly political parties; and the generalized threat of social disorder. It also challenges a union-centric view of Asian labor politics that too often marginalizes the role of labor through its failure to embrace a broad range of modalities of labor influence.
Frederic C. Deyo
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450518
- eISBN:
- 9780801463945
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450518.003.0014
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This book has investigated the implications of three decades of market-oriented economic reform for Asian workers. Using a conceptual framework that centers on labor systems and their regulatory ...
More
This book has investigated the implications of three decades of market-oriented economic reform for Asian workers. Using a conceptual framework that centers on labor systems and their regulatory regimes, it has drawn together disparate literatures on institutional change, labor relations, social policy, and development that directly or indirectly help elucidate the labor implications of market reform. It has also discussed the industrial sectors of the four Asian countries to illustrate contrasting contexts and trajectories of reform in the region. Finally, it has suggested a more general analytical framework that focuses on the dynamic relationship between two dimensions, or faces, of labor market reform: labor market deregulation and labor market reregulation.Less
This book has investigated the implications of three decades of market-oriented economic reform for Asian workers. Using a conceptual framework that centers on labor systems and their regulatory regimes, it has drawn together disparate literatures on institutional change, labor relations, social policy, and development that directly or indirectly help elucidate the labor implications of market reform. It has also discussed the industrial sectors of the four Asian countries to illustrate contrasting contexts and trajectories of reform in the region. Finally, it has suggested a more general analytical framework that focuses on the dynamic relationship between two dimensions, or faces, of labor market reform: labor market deregulation and labor market reregulation.
Frederic C. Deyo
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450518
- eISBN:
- 9780801463945
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450518.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter examines aspects of labor systems reform that are centered less on liberalization and deregulation and more on institutional reregulation and social compensation. The 1980s hegemonic ...
More
This chapter examines aspects of labor systems reform that are centered less on liberalization and deregulation and more on institutional reregulation and social compensation. The 1980s hegemonic consolidation of a new market-oriented, regulatory paradigm set in motion major global transformations in the nature of interstate economic relations and in the role of states in national economies. Of particular interest were associated changes in regimes of social and labor regulation and in the labor systems through which economic accumulation, economic livelihood, and social integration are secured and mutually articulated. This new orthodoxy is referred to as the Washington Consensus. This chapter first considers the role of the state under market reform before discussing globalization in relation to state displacement and state transformation. It then locates market reform within the context of economic structural change and institutional regulation and goes on to assess the labor implications of deregulatory reform. It also explores the economic and social tensions associated with deregulatory reform and the anticipatory institutional responses to such tensions that are now embedded in the Washington Consensus.Less
This chapter examines aspects of labor systems reform that are centered less on liberalization and deregulation and more on institutional reregulation and social compensation. The 1980s hegemonic consolidation of a new market-oriented, regulatory paradigm set in motion major global transformations in the nature of interstate economic relations and in the role of states in national economies. Of particular interest were associated changes in regimes of social and labor regulation and in the labor systems through which economic accumulation, economic livelihood, and social integration are secured and mutually articulated. This new orthodoxy is referred to as the Washington Consensus. This chapter first considers the role of the state under market reform before discussing globalization in relation to state displacement and state transformation. It then locates market reform within the context of economic structural change and institutional regulation and goes on to assess the labor implications of deregulatory reform. It also explores the economic and social tensions associated with deregulatory reform and the anticipatory institutional responses to such tensions that are now embedded in the Washington Consensus.
Frederic C. Deyo
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450518
- eISBN:
- 9780801463945
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450518.003.0011
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter examines tensions and conflicts in the labor processes of manufacturing firms and how those tensions have been addressed by employers and states. It considers six common strategies used ...
More
This chapter examines tensions and conflicts in the labor processes of manufacturing firms and how those tensions have been addressed by employers and states. It considers six common strategies used to manage tensions in the labor process: coercion, social pyramiding, institutional segregation of incompatible labor systems, mutual commitment employment systems, new mechanisms of collective conflict resolution, and programs that promote worker participation. It shows that regulatory change, driven by the sometimes incompatible pressures of industrial upgrading, growing employment contingency, increased labor conflict, and the unintended outcomes of expanded worker protections, has had the effect of re-engaging government in enterprise-labor practices and in the labor process more generally.Less
This chapter examines tensions and conflicts in the labor processes of manufacturing firms and how those tensions have been addressed by employers and states. It considers six common strategies used to manage tensions in the labor process: coercion, social pyramiding, institutional segregation of incompatible labor systems, mutual commitment employment systems, new mechanisms of collective conflict resolution, and programs that promote worker participation. It shows that regulatory change, driven by the sometimes incompatible pressures of industrial upgrading, growing employment contingency, increased labor conflict, and the unintended outcomes of expanded worker protections, has had the effect of re-engaging government in enterprise-labor practices and in the labor process more generally.
Ilya Vinkovetsky
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195391282
- eISBN:
- 9780199894369
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195391282.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter examines the interdependencies and tensions between the Russian colonizers and the indigenous people of Russian America. The first half of the chapter examines the roles of indigenous ...
More
This chapter examines the interdependencies and tensions between the Russian colonizers and the indigenous people of Russian America. The first half of the chapter examines the roles of indigenous people in the colony's economy. It emphasizes how the unique hunting skills and kayak technologies of the Aleuts and the Alutiiq combined with the technologies introduced by the Russians and the forces of the market to create a labor system in Russian America that was radically different from those in Siberia as well as in the American colonies of other countries. The second half of the chapter looks at how Russian incursion onto Tlingit territory of southeast Alaska fundamentally changed the dynamics of the overseas colony. With their colonial activity centered in the new capital of Novo-Arkhangel’sk, the Russians had to worry much more about the security of their colonists, and make new overtures for the pacification of Native Alaskans.Less
This chapter examines the interdependencies and tensions between the Russian colonizers and the indigenous people of Russian America. The first half of the chapter examines the roles of indigenous people in the colony's economy. It emphasizes how the unique hunting skills and kayak technologies of the Aleuts and the Alutiiq combined with the technologies introduced by the Russians and the forces of the market to create a labor system in Russian America that was radically different from those in Siberia as well as in the American colonies of other countries. The second half of the chapter looks at how Russian incursion onto Tlingit territory of southeast Alaska fundamentally changed the dynamics of the overseas colony. With their colonial activity centered in the new capital of Novo-Arkhangel’sk, the Russians had to worry much more about the security of their colonists, and make new overtures for the pacification of Native Alaskans.
DIANA JEATER
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203797
- eISBN:
- 9780191675980
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203797.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
The migrant labour system was the outcome of an apparent contradiction between its political and economic interests. The NAPO, which was to aid African women to meet their lineage obligations, ...
More
The migrant labour system was the outcome of an apparent contradiction between its political and economic interests. The NAPO, which was to aid African women to meet their lineage obligations, suggests a degree of resistance to proletarianization. The company was obliged to adapt and exploit a system of partial proletarianization for economic reasons and partly because the Administration needed to bolster chiefly power and make concessions to African demands. This chapter describes the changing social environment which enabled women to evade sanctions used to restrict their independence. Because women were using this new-found independence to desert their marital homes, in the company of other men, it was an undoubtedly the case that family heads were experiencing difficulties in controlling women in Gwelo District and elsewhere. Adultery became a sensitive political issue. The Natives Adultery Punishment Ordinance was the result.Less
The migrant labour system was the outcome of an apparent contradiction between its political and economic interests. The NAPO, which was to aid African women to meet their lineage obligations, suggests a degree of resistance to proletarianization. The company was obliged to adapt and exploit a system of partial proletarianization for economic reasons and partly because the Administration needed to bolster chiefly power and make concessions to African demands. This chapter describes the changing social environment which enabled women to evade sanctions used to restrict their independence. Because women were using this new-found independence to desert their marital homes, in the company of other men, it was an undoubtedly the case that family heads were experiencing difficulties in controlling women in Gwelo District and elsewhere. Adultery became a sensitive political issue. The Natives Adultery Punishment Ordinance was the result.
Richard B. Allen
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780300163872
- eISBN:
- 9780300166460
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300163872.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter points out the difficulties in distinguishing “free” and “unfree” laborers in the Indian Ocean World during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It chronicles the development of ...
More
This chapter points out the difficulties in distinguishing “free” and “unfree” laborers in the Indian Ocean World during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It chronicles the development of a “new system of slavery” that led to the migration of millions of indentured African and Asian laborers throughout the region. It explores the origins of the indentured labor system and points out that there is a connection between pre-emancipation and post-emancipation labor systems, examining the structural links between such systems. The chapter discusses European slave trading in the region, providing estimates for slaves traded. It discusses efforts to emancipate slaves in Bencoolen and abolish slave trading in Bengal and it compares the activities of the Indian Ocean vice-admiralty courts with the Atlantic courts. It argues for a pan-oceanic perspective in the scholarship, pointing out that actions of Indian Ocean officials had impacts that resonated far beyond the region.Less
This chapter points out the difficulties in distinguishing “free” and “unfree” laborers in the Indian Ocean World during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It chronicles the development of a “new system of slavery” that led to the migration of millions of indentured African and Asian laborers throughout the region. It explores the origins of the indentured labor system and points out that there is a connection between pre-emancipation and post-emancipation labor systems, examining the structural links between such systems. The chapter discusses European slave trading in the region, providing estimates for slaves traded. It discusses efforts to emancipate slaves in Bencoolen and abolish slave trading in Bengal and it compares the activities of the Indian Ocean vice-admiralty courts with the Atlantic courts. It argues for a pan-oceanic perspective in the scholarship, pointing out that actions of Indian Ocean officials had impacts that resonated far beyond the region.
Joshua L. Rosenbloom and William A. Sundstrom
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804771856
- eISBN:
- 9780804777629
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804771856.003.0011
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter discusses the impact of labor-market regimes in the economic history of the United States. It discusses the contrast between the labor systems of the antebellum northern and southern ...
More
This chapter discusses the impact of labor-market regimes in the economic history of the United States. It discusses the contrast between the labor systems of the antebellum northern and southern economies, and moves on to the shifts in labor-market regimes shaped by the Civil War, the world wars, and the Great Depression. These regime shifts shaped labor-market outcomes, such as wages, working conditions, and employment, as well as the dynamics of technology and human capital accumulation.Less
This chapter discusses the impact of labor-market regimes in the economic history of the United States. It discusses the contrast between the labor systems of the antebellum northern and southern economies, and moves on to the shifts in labor-market regimes shaped by the Civil War, the world wars, and the Great Depression. These regime shifts shaped labor-market outcomes, such as wages, working conditions, and employment, as well as the dynamics of technology and human capital accumulation.
Rene Hayden, Anthony E. Kaye, and Kate Masur (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781469607429
- eISBN:
- 9781469611099
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9781469611099_Hayden
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This book examines the remaking of the South's labor system in the tumultuous aftermath of emancipation. Using documents selected from the National Archives, this volume depicts the struggle of ...
More
This book examines the remaking of the South's labor system in the tumultuous aftermath of emancipation. Using documents selected from the National Archives, this volume depicts the struggle of unenfranchised and impoverished ex-slaves to control their own labor, establish their families as viable economic units, and secure independent possession of land. Among the topics addressed are the dispossession of settlers in the Sherman reserve, the reordering of labor on plantation and farm, nonagricultural labor, new relations of credit and debt, long-distance labor migration, and the efforts of former slaves to rent, purchase, and homestead land. The documents—many of them in the freedpeople's own words—speak for themselves, while the chapters provide context and illuminate major themes.Less
This book examines the remaking of the South's labor system in the tumultuous aftermath of emancipation. Using documents selected from the National Archives, this volume depicts the struggle of unenfranchised and impoverished ex-slaves to control their own labor, establish their families as viable economic units, and secure independent possession of land. Among the topics addressed are the dispossession of settlers in the Sherman reserve, the reordering of labor on plantation and farm, nonagricultural labor, new relations of credit and debt, long-distance labor migration, and the efforts of former slaves to rent, purchase, and homestead land. The documents—many of them in the freedpeople's own words—speak for themselves, while the chapters provide context and illuminate major themes.
Frederic C. Deyo
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450518
- eISBN:
- 9780801463945
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450518.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter examines the role of small-enterprise policy in addressing the developmental deficits of labor market reform. Asian governments have pursued a variety of policies designed to foster and ...
More
This chapter examines the role of small-enterprise policy in addressing the developmental deficits of labor market reform. Asian governments have pursued a variety of policies designed to foster and stimulate small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In most cases, those efforts were directed toward creating employment and supplementing the incomes of rural and poor families. This has been especially apparent in the Philippines, where employment generation and poverty reduction have been the primary goals of SME policy. This chapter discusses three foci of SME policy: small business or SME development; the promotion of supplier networks linking local firms (and especially domestic SMEs) to larger downstream firms; and the creation of industrial parks. It also explores the ways in which the SME and microindustry policies may potentially or actually influence labor systems from the standpoint of their adequacy to address the economic, social, and political tensions of reform.Less
This chapter examines the role of small-enterprise policy in addressing the developmental deficits of labor market reform. Asian governments have pursued a variety of policies designed to foster and stimulate small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In most cases, those efforts were directed toward creating employment and supplementing the incomes of rural and poor families. This has been especially apparent in the Philippines, where employment generation and poverty reduction have been the primary goals of SME policy. This chapter discusses three foci of SME policy: small business or SME development; the promotion of supplier networks linking local firms (and especially domestic SMEs) to larger downstream firms; and the creation of industrial parks. It also explores the ways in which the SME and microindustry policies may potentially or actually influence labor systems from the standpoint of their adequacy to address the economic, social, and political tensions of reform.
