Stewart Wood
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297567
- eISBN:
- 9780191600104
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198297564.003.0013
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
In this third of three chapters on the distinctive policy dynamics of particular areas of social provision, Wood looks at labour market regimes in Germany, Britain, and Sweden. The theoretical ...
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In this third of three chapters on the distinctive policy dynamics of particular areas of social provision, Wood looks at labour market regimes in Germany, Britain, and Sweden. The theoretical starting point of the chapter is an examination of path dependence, perhaps the most popular contemporary approach to explaining the persistence of institutions and policies over time. In principle, this offers an enticing explanation of the resilience of national policy trajectories, although the outcomes it explains have a tendency to be overdetermined, and not all mechanisms generating a bias towards the status quo are path‐dependent ones. The theoretical work of this chapter, therefore, lies in deriving alternative (though not mutually exclusive) micro‐level sources of policy continuity over time, and evaluating their relative contributions to the evolution of labour market policy in Germany, Britain, and Sweden. Divided into four substantive sections: Section 1 discusses the theory of path‐dependent institutional and policy trajectories in politics; Sect. 2 presents three distinct sources of policy continuity (employer‐centred, constitutional, and electoral) that are often bundled together as ‘lock‐in mechanisms’ in path‐dependent accounts; Sect. 3 sketches the changing context of labour market policy in Western Europe by looking at national responses to unemployment from 1980 onwards in each of the three country case studies, and providing accounts of labour market policies, employers’ preferences in relation to labour market policies, and constitutional factors and electoral constraints in relation to labour market reform; Sect. 4 is a conclusion and discusses the thesis offered by the chapter — that the trajectory of labour market policy can be accounted for by an employer‐centred theory of preferences.Less
In this third of three chapters on the distinctive policy dynamics of particular areas of social provision, Wood looks at labour market regimes in Germany, Britain, and Sweden. The theoretical starting point of the chapter is an examination of path dependence, perhaps the most popular contemporary approach to explaining the persistence of institutions and policies over time. In principle, this offers an enticing explanation of the resilience of national policy trajectories, although the outcomes it explains have a tendency to be overdetermined, and not all mechanisms generating a bias towards the status quo are path‐dependent ones. The theoretical work of this chapter, therefore, lies in deriving alternative (though not mutually exclusive) micro‐level sources of policy continuity over time, and evaluating their relative contributions to the evolution of labour market policy in Germany, Britain, and Sweden. Divided into four substantive sections: Section 1 discusses the theory of path‐dependent institutional and policy trajectories in politics; Sect. 2 presents three distinct sources of policy continuity (employer‐centred, constitutional, and electoral) that are often bundled together as ‘lock‐in mechanisms’ in path‐dependent accounts; Sect. 3 sketches the changing context of labour market policy in Western Europe by looking at national responses to unemployment from 1980 onwards in each of the three country case studies, and providing accounts of labour market policies, employers’ preferences in relation to labour market policies, and constitutional factors and electoral constraints in relation to labour market reform; Sect. 4 is a conclusion and discusses the thesis offered by the chapter — that the trajectory of labour market policy can be accounted for by an employer‐centred theory of preferences.
Hyun Ok Park
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231171922
- eISBN:
- 9780231540513
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231171922.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Chapter 7 investigates North Korean state’s own crisis-ridden construction of socialism from the 1950s to the present.
Chapter 7 investigates North Korean state’s own crisis-ridden construction of socialism from the 1950s to the present.
Ching Kwan Lee
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199643097
- eISBN:
- 9780191741944
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199643097.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy, International Business
Crucial institutional changes have taken place in the Chinese labour market regime over the past three decades, primarily in the processes of commodification and informalization. The global ...
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Crucial institutional changes have taken place in the Chinese labour market regime over the past three decades, primarily in the processes of commodification and informalization. The global ideological crusade against unionized labour, the development imperatives of the Chinese government, and the marketizing forces unleashed by sustained economic reforms have combined to reshape industrial relations in China. While market and systemic factors are causally important, their impact has been mediated through the dominant developmental coalition that has centred round CCP elites and corporate capitalists, both state and private. This coalitional structure has also underpinned the continuation of the hukou system and a weak civil society that has in turn kept labour poorly organized and politically impotent — with important consequences for both China’s economy and that of the world. The impact of coalitional dynamics is revealed even more forcefully in the brief yet illuminating comparison of the cross-country variation in the organization and power of labour forces in China and South Korea.Less
Crucial institutional changes have taken place in the Chinese labour market regime over the past three decades, primarily in the processes of commodification and informalization. The global ideological crusade against unionized labour, the development imperatives of the Chinese government, and the marketizing forces unleashed by sustained economic reforms have combined to reshape industrial relations in China. While market and systemic factors are causally important, their impact has been mediated through the dominant developmental coalition that has centred round CCP elites and corporate capitalists, both state and private. This coalitional structure has also underpinned the continuation of the hukou system and a weak civil society that has in turn kept labour poorly organized and politically impotent — with important consequences for both China’s economy and that of the world. The impact of coalitional dynamics is revealed even more forcefully in the brief yet illuminating comparison of the cross-country variation in the organization and power of labour forces in China and South Korea.
Joshua L. Rosenbloom and William A. Sundstrom
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804771856
- eISBN:
- 9780804777629
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804771856.003.0011
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter discusses the impact of labor-market regimes in the economic history of the United States. It discusses the contrast between the labor systems of the antebellum northern and southern ...
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This chapter discusses the impact of labor-market regimes in the economic history of the United States. It discusses the contrast between the labor systems of the antebellum northern and southern economies, and moves on to the shifts in labor-market regimes shaped by the Civil War, the world wars, and the Great Depression. These regime shifts shaped labor-market outcomes, such as wages, working conditions, and employment, as well as the dynamics of technology and human capital accumulation.Less
This chapter discusses the impact of labor-market regimes in the economic history of the United States. It discusses the contrast between the labor systems of the antebellum northern and southern economies, and moves on to the shifts in labor-market regimes shaped by the Civil War, the world wars, and the Great Depression. These regime shifts shaped labor-market outcomes, such as wages, working conditions, and employment, as well as the dynamics of technology and human capital accumulation.
Matthew E. Carnes
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780804789431
- eISBN:
- 9780804792424
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804789431.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter employs an original cross-national dataset of individual and collective labor regulations to chart the range of variation in labor laws within Latin America during the 1980-2005 period. ...
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This chapter employs an original cross-national dataset of individual and collective labor regulations to chart the range of variation in labor laws within Latin America during the 1980-2005 period. Econometric analysis finds that skill levels and organizational capacity are consistently correlated with differences in labor regulation “regimes” in recent decades. In addition, the chapter tests alternative hypotheses present in the literature, finding that government partisanship has important effects both through its historical legacies and through the reforms proposed by sitting governments.Less
This chapter employs an original cross-national dataset of individual and collective labor regulations to chart the range of variation in labor laws within Latin America during the 1980-2005 period. Econometric analysis finds that skill levels and organizational capacity are consistently correlated with differences in labor regulation “regimes” in recent decades. In addition, the chapter tests alternative hypotheses present in the literature, finding that government partisanship has important effects both through its historical legacies and through the reforms proposed by sitting governments.
Jeffrey Bortz
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804758062
- eISBN:
- 9780804779647
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804758062.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
Mexico's revolution of 1910 ushered in a revolutionary era: during the twentieth century, Mexican, Russian, Chinese, Cuban, Nicaraguan, and Iranian revolutions shaped local, regional, and world ...
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Mexico's revolution of 1910 ushered in a revolutionary era: during the twentieth century, Mexican, Russian, Chinese, Cuban, Nicaraguan, and Iranian revolutions shaped local, regional, and world history. Because Mexico was at the time a rural and agrarian country, it is not surprising that historians have concentrated on the revolution in the countryside, where the rural underclass fought for land. This book uncovers a previously unknown workers' revolution within the broader revolution. Working in Mexico's largest factory industry, cotton textile operatives fought their own fight, one that challenged and overthrew the old labor regime and changed the social relations of work. Their struggle created the most progressive labor regime in Latin America, including, but not limited to, the famous Article 123 of the 1917 Constitution. The book analyzes the rules of labor and explains how they became a pillar of the country's political system. Through the rest of the twentieth century, Mexico's land reform and revolutionary labor regime allowed it to avoid the revolution and repression experienced elsewhere in Latin America.Less
Mexico's revolution of 1910 ushered in a revolutionary era: during the twentieth century, Mexican, Russian, Chinese, Cuban, Nicaraguan, and Iranian revolutions shaped local, regional, and world history. Because Mexico was at the time a rural and agrarian country, it is not surprising that historians have concentrated on the revolution in the countryside, where the rural underclass fought for land. This book uncovers a previously unknown workers' revolution within the broader revolution. Working in Mexico's largest factory industry, cotton textile operatives fought their own fight, one that challenged and overthrew the old labor regime and changed the social relations of work. Their struggle created the most progressive labor regime in Latin America, including, but not limited to, the famous Article 123 of the 1917 Constitution. The book analyzes the rules of labor and explains how they became a pillar of the country's political system. Through the rest of the twentieth century, Mexico's land reform and revolutionary labor regime allowed it to avoid the revolution and repression experienced elsewhere in Latin America.
Carlos Oya
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198830504
- eISBN:
- 9780191868696
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198830504.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter explores labour outcomes and dynamics for Chinese FDI and infrastructure contractors through their encounters with workers, states, and labour institutions in Africa. The chapter ...
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This chapter explores labour outcomes and dynamics for Chinese FDI and infrastructure contractors through their encounters with workers, states, and labour institutions in Africa. The chapter critically assesses the most popular claims about job creation and working conditions in Chinese firms in Africa and offers an alternative and more empirically nuanced view of the employment realities and dynamics in construction and industrial Chinese firms across Africa. The chapter questions claims of ‘Chinese exceptionalism’ in labour relations, and proposes a labour regime analysis to grasp the power of global capitalist forces, national political economy, and micro-level workplace processes to better understand labour relations in China as well as in Africa, in the sectors where Chinese firms are particularly present. This framework is deployed to illustrate the variation, diversity, and changes in labour regimes in China and among Chinese firms in Africa, and the key factors that drive such variations.Less
This chapter explores labour outcomes and dynamics for Chinese FDI and infrastructure contractors through their encounters with workers, states, and labour institutions in Africa. The chapter critically assesses the most popular claims about job creation and working conditions in Chinese firms in Africa and offers an alternative and more empirically nuanced view of the employment realities and dynamics in construction and industrial Chinese firms across Africa. The chapter questions claims of ‘Chinese exceptionalism’ in labour relations, and proposes a labour regime analysis to grasp the power of global capitalist forces, national political economy, and micro-level workplace processes to better understand labour relations in China as well as in Africa, in the sectors where Chinese firms are particularly present. This framework is deployed to illustrate the variation, diversity, and changes in labour regimes in China and among Chinese firms in Africa, and the key factors that drive such variations.
Kathleen C. Schwartzman
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801451164
- eISBN:
- 9780801468056
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801451164.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter examines the labor and profit crises that hounded the poultry industry in the mid-1990s. It begins with an overview of the framework used to conceptualize and analyze the ...
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This chapter examines the labor and profit crises that hounded the poultry industry in the mid-1990s. It begins with an overview of the framework used to conceptualize and analyze the labor-management regime before discussing changes in that regime using published reports and National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) data. It then considers the profit crisis that concerned industry leaders and goes on to evaluate possible solutions, arguing that both the labor and profit crises were resolved by immigrant hiring. It shows how the hiring of illegal immigrants, or ethnic displacement, lowered labor and substituted a docile labor force, thus addressing the labor conflict without compromising the surplus value extracted from the production process.Less
This chapter examines the labor and profit crises that hounded the poultry industry in the mid-1990s. It begins with an overview of the framework used to conceptualize and analyze the labor-management regime before discussing changes in that regime using published reports and National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) data. It then considers the profit crisis that concerned industry leaders and goes on to evaluate possible solutions, arguing that both the labor and profit crises were resolved by immigrant hiring. It shows how the hiring of illegal immigrants, or ethnic displacement, lowered labor and substituted a docile labor force, thus addressing the labor conflict without compromising the surplus value extracted from the production process.
Sven Beckert
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252038174
- eISBN:
- 9780252095979
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252038174.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
This chapter begins by discussing the concept transnational labor history and the challenge it poses to labor historians. It then examines the worldwide crisis of cotton production touched off by the ...
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This chapter begins by discussing the concept transnational labor history and the challenge it poses to labor historians. It then examines the worldwide crisis of cotton production touched off by the American Civil War, emancipation, and the subsequent frantic search for alternatives, including coolie and sharecropping labor systems. It shows that despite the variety of labor regimes, cotton cultivators everywhere faced essentially similar challenges of labor in the global age: market fluctuations, state coercion, inescapable debt and contract regimes, and political marginalization. These were the people who would grow ever-larger amounts of cotton, from India to Central Asia, from Egypt to the United States, and the new labor regimes in which they found themselves symbolized one of the most significant changes of the nineteenth century.Less
This chapter begins by discussing the concept transnational labor history and the challenge it poses to labor historians. It then examines the worldwide crisis of cotton production touched off by the American Civil War, emancipation, and the subsequent frantic search for alternatives, including coolie and sharecropping labor systems. It shows that despite the variety of labor regimes, cotton cultivators everywhere faced essentially similar challenges of labor in the global age: market fluctuations, state coercion, inescapable debt and contract regimes, and political marginalization. These were the people who would grow ever-larger amounts of cotton, from India to Central Asia, from Egypt to the United States, and the new labor regimes in which they found themselves symbolized one of the most significant changes of the nineteenth century.
Marcos Aguila and Jeffrey Bortz
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804781589
- eISBN:
- 9780804784474
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804781589.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter focuses on labor violence in Mexico and examines some fundamental continuities and changes in the state between 1920 and 1960. In particular, it looks at two important episodes: the ...
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This chapter focuses on labor violence in Mexico and examines some fundamental continuities and changes in the state between 1920 and 1960. In particular, it looks at two important episodes: the textile wars in the 1920s and the national railroad strikes in the 1940s and 1950s. These battles were linked to the workers' upheaval between 1910 and 1923 that overthrew the old labor regime. The CROM (Confederación Regional Obrera Mexicana), backed by the state, resorted to illegal strikes, assaults, and murders of rival union members, who retaliated in the same manner. State elites applied measures, both legal and extralegal, to subdue restless unions and impose a co-opted leadership (charrismo). This chapter also explores political and agrarian violence that struck the textile industry in Puebla and how the state employed violence in order to impose its control over unions affiliated with railroads. Finally, it shows how labor law has provided opportunities but also new constraints for trade unions.Less
This chapter focuses on labor violence in Mexico and examines some fundamental continuities and changes in the state between 1920 and 1960. In particular, it looks at two important episodes: the textile wars in the 1920s and the national railroad strikes in the 1940s and 1950s. These battles were linked to the workers' upheaval between 1910 and 1923 that overthrew the old labor regime. The CROM (Confederación Regional Obrera Mexicana), backed by the state, resorted to illegal strikes, assaults, and murders of rival union members, who retaliated in the same manner. State elites applied measures, both legal and extralegal, to subdue restless unions and impose a co-opted leadership (charrismo). This chapter also explores political and agrarian violence that struck the textile industry in Puebla and how the state employed violence in order to impose its control over unions affiliated with railroads. Finally, it shows how labor law has provided opportunities but also new constraints for trade unions.
Andrea Muehlebach
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226545394
- eISBN:
- 9780226545417
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226545417.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Population and Demography
This chapter introduces the concept of neoliberal moral authoritarianism, though of a very particular kind, which comes in the form of a highly moralized kind of citizenship that has emerged in the ...
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This chapter introduces the concept of neoliberal moral authoritarianism, though of a very particular kind, which comes in the form of a highly moralized kind of citizenship that has emerged in the northern Italian region of Lombardy. The Italian state has in the last three decades sought to mobilize parts of the population into a new voluntary labor regime—one which has allowed the state to conflate voluntary labor with good citizenship, and unwaged work with gifting. Many of those invested in the creation of this voluntary labor regime think of it as a sphere located outside of the realm of market exchange. This book aims to treat markets and morals as indissolubly linked and to propose that the contemporary neoliberal order works to produce more than rational, utilitarian, instrumentalist subjects. On the other hand, it shows that some forms of neoliberalization may simultaneously posit an affective, that is to say a compassionate and empathetic, self as the corollary center of their social and moral universe. Such attention to the moral neoliberal portrays neoliberalism as a form that contains practices and forces that appear as oppositional and yet get folded into a single order.Less
This chapter introduces the concept of neoliberal moral authoritarianism, though of a very particular kind, which comes in the form of a highly moralized kind of citizenship that has emerged in the northern Italian region of Lombardy. The Italian state has in the last three decades sought to mobilize parts of the population into a new voluntary labor regime—one which has allowed the state to conflate voluntary labor with good citizenship, and unwaged work with gifting. Many of those invested in the creation of this voluntary labor regime think of it as a sphere located outside of the realm of market exchange. This book aims to treat markets and morals as indissolubly linked and to propose that the contemporary neoliberal order works to produce more than rational, utilitarian, instrumentalist subjects. On the other hand, it shows that some forms of neoliberalization may simultaneously posit an affective, that is to say a compassionate and empathetic, self as the corollary center of their social and moral universe. Such attention to the moral neoliberal portrays neoliberalism as a form that contains practices and forces that appear as oppositional and yet get folded into a single order.
Neethi P.
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- June 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199463626
- eISBN:
- 9780199086863
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199463626.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This book concerns the broad theme of globalization and labour, particularly female labour, and applies the ‘labour geography’ approach to examine contemporary forms of labour control, conflict, and ...
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This book concerns the broad theme of globalization and labour, particularly female labour, and applies the ‘labour geography’ approach to examine contemporary forms of labour control, conflict, and response under a globalization regime in Kerala state in India, through four diverse in-depth empirical case studies set in this state. This book concentrates on the transforming nature of work under capitalism, and has three interrelated aims: (a) to identify the myriad forms of globalization, as against casting it as a monolith; (b) to perceive workers as active social agents rather than as passive subjects; and (c) to reflect on local discourses of globalization and related issues. Kerala has been chosen as the setting because the state’s labour scenario has dramatically changed, especially in the second half of the twentieth century. While constructing a collage of certain contemporary trends in Kerala’s labour market, this book moves away from the approaches prescribed by economic orthodoxy and borrows from sociological, anthropological, and partly from ethnographic approaches. A geographic perspective allows us to appreciate local variability and uneven development in the labour market, and to chart the complex landscape in which contemporary workers live, work, and struggle. The four distinct, theoretically-driven case studies also help in bringing out the role played by various seemingly unlikely actors in the labour market. Questioning global stereotypes, the book argues that labour becomes actively involved in the very process of globalization and the expansion of capital.Less
This book concerns the broad theme of globalization and labour, particularly female labour, and applies the ‘labour geography’ approach to examine contemporary forms of labour control, conflict, and response under a globalization regime in Kerala state in India, through four diverse in-depth empirical case studies set in this state. This book concentrates on the transforming nature of work under capitalism, and has three interrelated aims: (a) to identify the myriad forms of globalization, as against casting it as a monolith; (b) to perceive workers as active social agents rather than as passive subjects; and (c) to reflect on local discourses of globalization and related issues. Kerala has been chosen as the setting because the state’s labour scenario has dramatically changed, especially in the second half of the twentieth century. While constructing a collage of certain contemporary trends in Kerala’s labour market, this book moves away from the approaches prescribed by economic orthodoxy and borrows from sociological, anthropological, and partly from ethnographic approaches. A geographic perspective allows us to appreciate local variability and uneven development in the labour market, and to chart the complex landscape in which contemporary workers live, work, and struggle. The four distinct, theoretically-driven case studies also help in bringing out the role played by various seemingly unlikely actors in the labour market. Questioning global stereotypes, the book argues that labour becomes actively involved in the very process of globalization and the expansion of capital.
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804758062
- eISBN:
- 9780804779647
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804758062.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter demonstrates how workers won their revolution through an analysis of the changes in wages, hours, and benefits, and also control over hiring, firing, and discipline. It also analyzes the ...
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This chapter demonstrates how workers won their revolution through an analysis of the changes in wages, hours, and benefits, and also control over hiring, firing, and discipline. It also analyzes the limits to the workers' victory, rooted in its focus on law and trade unions, both of which required a strong state. A revolution born of a collapsing state ended up by creating a new one, with all its attendant ambiguities.Less
This chapter demonstrates how workers won their revolution through an analysis of the changes in wages, hours, and benefits, and also control over hiring, firing, and discipline. It also analyzes the limits to the workers' victory, rooted in its focus on law and trade unions, both of which required a strong state. A revolution born of a collapsing state ended up by creating a new one, with all its attendant ambiguities.
Oliver Dinius
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804771689
- eISBN:
- 9780804775809
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804771689.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This book presents a social history of the National Steel Company (CSN), Brazil's foremost state-owned company and largest industrial enterprise in the mid-twentieth century. It focuses on the role ...
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This book presents a social history of the National Steel Company (CSN), Brazil's foremost state-owned company and largest industrial enterprise in the mid-twentieth century. It focuses on the role the steelworkers played in Brazil's social and economic development under the country's import substitution policies from the early 1940s to the 1964 military coup. Counter to prevalent interpretations of industrial labor in Latin America, where workers figure above all as victims of capitalist exploitation, the book shows that CSN workers held strategic power and used it to reshape the company's labor regime, extracting impressive wage gains and benefits. The book argues that these workers, and their peers in similarly strategic industries, had the power to undermine the state capitalist development model prevalent in the large economies of postwar Latin America.Less
This book presents a social history of the National Steel Company (CSN), Brazil's foremost state-owned company and largest industrial enterprise in the mid-twentieth century. It focuses on the role the steelworkers played in Brazil's social and economic development under the country's import substitution policies from the early 1940s to the 1964 military coup. Counter to prevalent interpretations of industrial labor in Latin America, where workers figure above all as victims of capitalist exploitation, the book shows that CSN workers held strategic power and used it to reshape the company's labor regime, extracting impressive wage gains and benefits. The book argues that these workers, and their peers in similarly strategic industries, had the power to undermine the state capitalist development model prevalent in the large economies of postwar Latin America.
Neethi P.
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- June 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199463626
- eISBN:
- 9780199086863
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199463626.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter is a case study of a prominent electronics manufacturer in Kerala. It illuminates an approach to labour studies which focuses on ‘local labour control regimes’. This approach provides an ...
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This chapter is a case study of a prominent electronics manufacturer in Kerala. It illuminates an approach to labour studies which focuses on ‘local labour control regimes’. This approach provides an entry point to theorize the processes and operations of the localized system of power at various scales. This is followed by an examination of day-to-day resistance paths crafted by the workers. Building on the theoretical base of local labour control regimes, empirical evidence from the case study reveals that local labour markets develop their own forms of labour control and worker response patterns. These are not always clearly visible and may require something more than superficial enquiry to bring their salient features into view. In this case, the Church, an actor that has been for long a very influential player in the development experience in Kerala, is shown to play an unexpected role in local labour control regimes.Less
This chapter is a case study of a prominent electronics manufacturer in Kerala. It illuminates an approach to labour studies which focuses on ‘local labour control regimes’. This approach provides an entry point to theorize the processes and operations of the localized system of power at various scales. This is followed by an examination of day-to-day resistance paths crafted by the workers. Building on the theoretical base of local labour control regimes, empirical evidence from the case study reveals that local labour markets develop their own forms of labour control and worker response patterns. These are not always clearly visible and may require something more than superficial enquiry to bring their salient features into view. In this case, the Church, an actor that has been for long a very influential player in the development experience in Kerala, is shown to play an unexpected role in local labour control regimes.
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804758062
- eISBN:
- 9780804779647
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804758062.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter describes the changes in the early institutional period after the passage of the 1917 Constitution. It analyzes the increase in labor violence, the changed trade unions of that period, ...
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This chapter describes the changes in the early institutional period after the passage of the 1917 Constitution. It analyzes the increase in labor violence, the changed trade unions of that period, and most important, the new power of workers and unions over the shop floor. The labor regime of 1917–23 had little in common with that of the Porfiriato.Less
This chapter describes the changes in the early institutional period after the passage of the 1917 Constitution. It analyzes the increase in labor violence, the changed trade unions of that period, and most important, the new power of workers and unions over the shop floor. The labor regime of 1917–23 had little in common with that of the Porfiriato.
Praveen Jha
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199458950
- eISBN:
- 9780199086900
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199458950.003.0008
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Macro- and Monetary Economics
Decent employment and livelihood options ought to be among the most important policy objectives on any meaningful agenda of economic development. India’s experience, on this count, has been quite ...
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Decent employment and livelihood options ought to be among the most important policy objectives on any meaningful agenda of economic development. India’s experience, on this count, has been quite unsatisfactory since Independence. Like many other developing countries, India has made inadequate progress in terms of addressing the problems of poverty, unemployment, and occupational structural transformation. As is well-known, even today vast masses of the country’s population continue to eke out an existence primarily through their dependence on agriculture and a variety of non-rural informal activities under extremely fragile conditions. Furthermore, since the early 1990s, during the era of neo-liberal reforms, the standard correlates of the well-being of the masses in general have come under further relative pressure. This chapter in an attempt to provide an overview of labour conditions in contemporary India while locating it in the trajectory of economic transformation since Independence.Less
Decent employment and livelihood options ought to be among the most important policy objectives on any meaningful agenda of economic development. India’s experience, on this count, has been quite unsatisfactory since Independence. Like many other developing countries, India has made inadequate progress in terms of addressing the problems of poverty, unemployment, and occupational structural transformation. As is well-known, even today vast masses of the country’s population continue to eke out an existence primarily through their dependence on agriculture and a variety of non-rural informal activities under extremely fragile conditions. Furthermore, since the early 1990s, during the era of neo-liberal reforms, the standard correlates of the well-being of the masses in general have come under further relative pressure. This chapter in an attempt to provide an overview of labour conditions in contemporary India while locating it in the trajectory of economic transformation since Independence.
Stacey M. Jones
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804771856
- eISBN:
- 9780804777629
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804771856.003.0013
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter, which examines the discontinuous shifts in female labor force participation during the late 1960s and early 1970s, focuses on shifts in women's career choices and argues that this ...
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This chapter, which examines the discontinuous shifts in female labor force participation during the late 1960s and early 1970s, focuses on shifts in women's career choices and argues that this transition was precipitated by the decline of employment opportunities in teaching. It brings together national educational statistics on teaching and the historical literature on women's push into the professions in the early 1970s, arguing that changing labor-market regimes in the teaching profession played an integral role in the opening of broader professional opportunities.Less
This chapter, which examines the discontinuous shifts in female labor force participation during the late 1960s and early 1970s, focuses on shifts in women's career choices and argues that this transition was precipitated by the decline of employment opportunities in teaching. It brings together national educational statistics on teaching and the historical literature on women's push into the professions in the early 1970s, arguing that changing labor-market regimes in the teaching profession played an integral role in the opening of broader professional opportunities.
Charles F. Irons
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807831946
- eISBN:
- 9781469604640
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807888896_irons.7
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter illustrates how politicians and evangelical clergymen pulled the country in different directions in the years between the War of 1812 and the Southampton Insurrection in 1831. ...
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This chapter illustrates how politicians and evangelical clergymen pulled the country in different directions in the years between the War of 1812 and the Southampton Insurrection in 1831. Representatives of slave and free-labor regimes competed in Congress for access to western lands and, in 1819, rehearsed the fatal debate over slavery's expansion when Missouri applied for statehood. There was no corresponding cataclysm in the nation's evangelical churches, however—no “fire bell in the night.” Northern and southern evangelicals actually cooperated more closely in this period, building rather than tearing down bridges between the sections. Southern white evangelicals, particularly in places such as Virginia, where they had agreed to disagree over slavery, did not suspect that conflict over slavery would disrupt their communion with their northern brethren.Less
This chapter illustrates how politicians and evangelical clergymen pulled the country in different directions in the years between the War of 1812 and the Southampton Insurrection in 1831. Representatives of slave and free-labor regimes competed in Congress for access to western lands and, in 1819, rehearsed the fatal debate over slavery's expansion when Missouri applied for statehood. There was no corresponding cataclysm in the nation's evangelical churches, however—no “fire bell in the night.” Northern and southern evangelicals actually cooperated more closely in this period, building rather than tearing down bridges between the sections. Southern white evangelicals, particularly in places such as Virginia, where they had agreed to disagree over slavery, did not suspect that conflict over slavery would disrupt their communion with their northern brethren.
