Peer Hull Kristensen and Jonathan Zeitlin
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199275625
- eISBN:
- 9780191705809
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199275625.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
What happens when previously autonomous firms from different countries, each with their own identities, routines, and capabilities, come together inside a single multinational corporation? Can a ...
More
What happens when previously autonomous firms from different countries, each with their own identities, routines, and capabilities, come together inside a single multinational corporation? Can a cooperative strategy be established that advances the development of the multinational as a whole, or do mutual misunderstandings and the unintended consequences of strategic interaction among the players lead instead to endemic conflict and disintegration? This book tackles these questions through an empirical study of the strategic constitution of an ‘actually existing’ multinational. It does so by tracing the historical construction of the multinational corporation from the confluence of multiple formerly independent firms and analyzing the interacting web of strategies pursued by different actors within it. The analysis reveals how workers, unionists, subsidiary managers, and corporate executives pursue separate strategic games rooted in their local contexts, whose global outcome contrasts sharply with idealized views of the multinational as an integrated and coordinated organization. By comparing these findings to those of the broader literature, the book proceeds to a theoretical examination of the challenges of managing the multinational, and the difficulties of resolving them through conventional organizational means. The book proposes new procedural solutions aimed at fostering mutual recognition and knowledge exchange within the multinational corporation, and explore how a multinational public may be created to press for the necessary reforms in corporate governance. As the success of such reforms is far from preordained, the book concludes with a series of alternative scenarios that illustrate the many obstacles to a smooth continuation of the globalization process.Less
What happens when previously autonomous firms from different countries, each with their own identities, routines, and capabilities, come together inside a single multinational corporation? Can a cooperative strategy be established that advances the development of the multinational as a whole, or do mutual misunderstandings and the unintended consequences of strategic interaction among the players lead instead to endemic conflict and disintegration? This book tackles these questions through an empirical study of the strategic constitution of an ‘actually existing’ multinational. It does so by tracing the historical construction of the multinational corporation from the confluence of multiple formerly independent firms and analyzing the interacting web of strategies pursued by different actors within it. The analysis reveals how workers, unionists, subsidiary managers, and corporate executives pursue separate strategic games rooted in their local contexts, whose global outcome contrasts sharply with idealized views of the multinational as an integrated and coordinated organization. By comparing these findings to those of the broader literature, the book proceeds to a theoretical examination of the challenges of managing the multinational, and the difficulties of resolving them through conventional organizational means. The book proposes new procedural solutions aimed at fostering mutual recognition and knowledge exchange within the multinational corporation, and explore how a multinational public may be created to press for the necessary reforms in corporate governance. As the success of such reforms is far from preordained, the book concludes with a series of alternative scenarios that illustrate the many obstacles to a smooth continuation of the globalization process.
John Tolan, Gilles Veinstein, and Henry Laurens
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691147055
- eISBN:
- 9781400844753
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691147055.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, World Medieval History
This chapter deals with intellectual, cultural, and artistic exchanges, studying in particular the profound impact of Arab science and philosophy on the intellectual revival of Europe that began in ...
More
This chapter deals with intellectual, cultural, and artistic exchanges, studying in particular the profound impact of Arab science and philosophy on the intellectual revival of Europe that began in the twelfth century. It shows that the mingling of people and goods traveling back and forth across the Mediterranean was accompanied by a mingling of ideas, technologies, and texts—of cultures, in short. All the various players adopted the technologies, institutions, and tools of the merchants and sailors modified them to fit their own needs and culture, and perfected them when necessary. Exchanges of ideas and technologies in the Mediterranean basin were not limited to commerce and navigation, however. They occurred in all areas: agricultural, hydraulic, architectural, and military technologies; the knowledge and practice of medicine and pharmacology; artistic, musical, and literary tastes and expertise; scientific and philosophical scholarship.Less
This chapter deals with intellectual, cultural, and artistic exchanges, studying in particular the profound impact of Arab science and philosophy on the intellectual revival of Europe that began in the twelfth century. It shows that the mingling of people and goods traveling back and forth across the Mediterranean was accompanied by a mingling of ideas, technologies, and texts—of cultures, in short. All the various players adopted the technologies, institutions, and tools of the merchants and sailors modified them to fit their own needs and culture, and perfected them when necessary. Exchanges of ideas and technologies in the Mediterranean basin were not limited to commerce and navigation, however. They occurred in all areas: agricultural, hydraulic, architectural, and military technologies; the knowledge and practice of medicine and pharmacology; artistic, musical, and literary tastes and expertise; scientific and philosophical scholarship.
Koen P.R. Bartels
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781447318507
- eISBN:
- 9781447318521
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447318507.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter looks at the ways in which public professionals and citizens talk about the substantive issues at hand. Discussing substantive issues is a continuous ‘struggling’ with taking on-board ...
More
This chapter looks at the ways in which public professionals and citizens talk about the substantive issues at hand. Discussing substantive issues is a continuous ‘struggling’ with taking on-board unknown knowledge about rules, structures, and policies, and acknowledging the feelings, beliefs, and experiences of others. Struggling is all but a matter of neutral and straightforward knowledge exchange: it is a continuous process of getting recognition to take part in conversations and learning to translate their content in meaningful ways. Merely facilitating public professionals and citizens to discuss substantive issues is not enough to get them to integrate their ‘actionable understandings’; truly ‘unifying differences’ comes down to a subtle activity of recognising, empathising, and appreciating what is being communicated. Public professionals and citizens will not manage to overcome their habitual pattern if they lack the capacity to communicate about their struggling with the beliefs, perceptions, and feelings inherent to their actionable understandings.Less
This chapter looks at the ways in which public professionals and citizens talk about the substantive issues at hand. Discussing substantive issues is a continuous ‘struggling’ with taking on-board unknown knowledge about rules, structures, and policies, and acknowledging the feelings, beliefs, and experiences of others. Struggling is all but a matter of neutral and straightforward knowledge exchange: it is a continuous process of getting recognition to take part in conversations and learning to translate their content in meaningful ways. Merely facilitating public professionals and citizens to discuss substantive issues is not enough to get them to integrate their ‘actionable understandings’; truly ‘unifying differences’ comes down to a subtle activity of recognising, empathising, and appreciating what is being communicated. Public professionals and citizens will not manage to overcome their habitual pattern if they lack the capacity to communicate about their struggling with the beliefs, perceptions, and feelings inherent to their actionable understandings.
Sara Fuller, Karen Bickerstaff, Fu-Meng Khaw, and Sarah Curtis
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199562848
- eISBN:
- 9780191722523
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199562848.003.17
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter reviews research on the potential for knowledge exchange and participative approaches in making risk communication more effective. It focuses particularly on examples of communication ...
More
This chapter reviews research on the potential for knowledge exchange and participative approaches in making risk communication more effective. It focuses particularly on examples of communication concerning ‘chronic’, persistent risks associated with environments that are known to be contaminated, as well as ‘potential’ sources of environmental contamination, such as industrial facilities, in their normal operation and decommissioning.Less
This chapter reviews research on the potential for knowledge exchange and participative approaches in making risk communication more effective. It focuses particularly on examples of communication concerning ‘chronic’, persistent risks associated with environments that are known to be contaminated, as well as ‘potential’ sources of environmental contamination, such as industrial facilities, in their normal operation and decommissioning.
Robin Mansell
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198296553
- eISBN:
- 9780191685231
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198296553.003.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology, Innovation
With the advent of new digital information and communication technologies (ICT), new patterns of social and technical interactions can be observed. Such developments in digital tools are found to be ...
More
With the advent of new digital information and communication technologies (ICT), new patterns of social and technical interactions can be observed. Such developments in digital tools are found to be associated with improvements in society or in an individual’s interaction within society. This book looks into the notion that such developments can be advantageous for both society and the economy. Also, the book analyses instances wherein controlling the use of these technologies can influence social outcomes regarding the use of other means of communication. This introductory chapter establishes the framework and themes that are used to discuss the two main parts of the book. The first is concerned with how ICTs are used in mediating social and technical relationships, while the second is concerned with individual and collective learning processes that aid in the development of new forms and processes of knowledge exchange.Less
With the advent of new digital information and communication technologies (ICT), new patterns of social and technical interactions can be observed. Such developments in digital tools are found to be associated with improvements in society or in an individual’s interaction within society. This book looks into the notion that such developments can be advantageous for both society and the economy. Also, the book analyses instances wherein controlling the use of these technologies can influence social outcomes regarding the use of other means of communication. This introductory chapter establishes the framework and themes that are used to discuss the two main parts of the book. The first is concerned with how ICTs are used in mediating social and technical relationships, while the second is concerned with individual and collective learning processes that aid in the development of new forms and processes of knowledge exchange.
Sue Oreszczyn and Andy Lane
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447331575
- eISBN:
- 9781447331599
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447331575.003.0004
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Environmental Geography
This chapter draws on the authors' experiences over many years of investigating knowledge exchange processes across three research projects that mostly dealt with agri-environmental knowledge systems ...
More
This chapter draws on the authors' experiences over many years of investigating knowledge exchange processes across three research projects that mostly dealt with agri-environmental knowledge systems with contentious issues for stakeholders (farmers, policymakers, researchers, businesses and NGOs) to explore. The first project discussed considers UK farmers' understandings of new technologies and the influencers on them. This work is then taken forward into subsequent projects that analysed complex knowledge flows in a number of different contexts—agriculture, health, food, international development, and hedgerow management systems. The authors reflect upon how the use of diagramming and relationships with participants in their research methods evolved through the three phases of the first project and into the subsequent projects.Less
This chapter draws on the authors' experiences over many years of investigating knowledge exchange processes across three research projects that mostly dealt with agri-environmental knowledge systems with contentious issues for stakeholders (farmers, policymakers, researchers, businesses and NGOs) to explore. The first project discussed considers UK farmers' understandings of new technologies and the influencers on them. This work is then taken forward into subsequent projects that analysed complex knowledge flows in a number of different contexts—agriculture, health, food, international development, and hedgerow management systems. The authors reflect upon how the use of diagramming and relationships with participants in their research methods evolved through the three phases of the first project and into the subsequent projects.
Mike Higton
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199643929
- eISBN:
- 9780191738845
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199643929.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology, Religion and Society
This chapter rejects the idea of learning for learning’s sake. It argues that it is not enough to send students formed in intellectual virtue out into the wider public world, but that universities ...
More
This chapter rejects the idea of learning for learning’s sake. It argues that it is not enough to send students formed in intellectual virtue out into the wider public world, but that universities have to take an active interest in the shaping and maintaining of virtuous and sociable patterns of reason across that wider world. It then argues that the university needs to be characterized by serious, socially inclusive, secular and religiously plural public arguments about the common good, and to promote such argument in the wider world by being thoroughly entangled in that world’s conversational ecology.Less
This chapter rejects the idea of learning for learning’s sake. It argues that it is not enough to send students formed in intellectual virtue out into the wider public world, but that universities have to take an active interest in the shaping and maintaining of virtuous and sociable patterns of reason across that wider world. It then argues that the university needs to be characterized by serious, socially inclusive, secular and religiously plural public arguments about the common good, and to promote such argument in the wider world by being thoroughly entangled in that world’s conversational ecology.
Eric L. Lesser and Michael A. Fontaine
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195165128
- eISBN:
- 9780199835751
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195165128.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter extends the notion of community to include customers. It focuses on how organizations are bringing together informal groups of customers via the Internet to exchange knowledge, build ...
More
This chapter extends the notion of community to include customers. It focuses on how organizations are bringing together informal groups of customers via the Internet to exchange knowledge, build brand loyalty, and provide unique insights into product design and use. The components of a customer community space and King Arthur Flour's creation of its online customer community — the Baking Circle — are discussed.Less
This chapter extends the notion of community to include customers. It focuses on how organizations are bringing together informal groups of customers via the Internet to exchange knowledge, build brand loyalty, and provide unique insights into product design and use. The components of a customer community space and King Arthur Flour's creation of its online customer community — the Baking Circle — are discussed.
Daniel H. Mutibwa
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447341895
- eISBN:
- 9781447341970
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447341895.003.0008
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management
This chapter discusses effective ways to develop relationships between communities and museums around shared cultural agendas, practice, and knowledge exchange. Through the lens of an eight-month ...
More
This chapter discusses effective ways to develop relationships between communities and museums around shared cultural agendas, practice, and knowledge exchange. Through the lens of an eight-month pilot that emerged from the Pararchive project and was partnered by the National Media Museum (NMeM), Bradford, the chapter addresses what it means to access a dormant but invaluable national archive and associative collections from the position of differently situated community groups. It highlights how the Pararchive–National Media Museum partnership (PNMeM) promoted opportunities for community groups to select, document, and creatively exploit archival resources in ways in which conventional museological practice and use do not allow. The chapter also outlines the key challenges encountered. In doing so, this chapter draws on detailed notes generated through participant observation, on the study of relevant documents and artefacts, and on important insights gained from audio recordings of relevant project meetings and an evaluative end-of-project workshop.Less
This chapter discusses effective ways to develop relationships between communities and museums around shared cultural agendas, practice, and knowledge exchange. Through the lens of an eight-month pilot that emerged from the Pararchive project and was partnered by the National Media Museum (NMeM), Bradford, the chapter addresses what it means to access a dormant but invaluable national archive and associative collections from the position of differently situated community groups. It highlights how the Pararchive–National Media Museum partnership (PNMeM) promoted opportunities for community groups to select, document, and creatively exploit archival resources in ways in which conventional museological practice and use do not allow. The chapter also outlines the key challenges encountered. In doing so, this chapter draws on detailed notes generated through participant observation, on the study of relevant documents and artefacts, and on important insights gained from audio recordings of relevant project meetings and an evaluative end-of-project workshop.
Michael Saini and Aron Shlonsky
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195387216
- eISBN:
- 9780199932092
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195387216.003.0009
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
This chapter discusses using qualitative evidence to create actionable knowledge and the application of the products of qualitative syntheses in practice. We also provide suggestions for a more ...
More
This chapter discusses using qualitative evidence to create actionable knowledge and the application of the products of qualitative syntheses in practice. We also provide suggestions for a more seamless integration of qualitative reviews within both the evidence-based practice movement and other systematic review methods. The contribution of social work to the development and refinement of systematic reviews of qualitative research is invaluable given social work’s focus on both the effectiveness of its interventions and the lived experiences of the people we serve. In a very real sense, social workers are uniquely positioned to advance the evidence needed for effective services while advocating for client participation in knowledge creation activities that affect them.Less
This chapter discusses using qualitative evidence to create actionable knowledge and the application of the products of qualitative syntheses in practice. We also provide suggestions for a more seamless integration of qualitative reviews within both the evidence-based practice movement and other systematic review methods. The contribution of social work to the development and refinement of systematic reviews of qualitative research is invaluable given social work’s focus on both the effectiveness of its interventions and the lived experiences of the people we serve. In a very real sense, social workers are uniquely positioned to advance the evidence needed for effective services while advocating for client participation in knowledge creation activities that affect them.
Harald Bathelt and Johannes Glückler
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- April 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199587384
- eISBN:
- 9780191806728
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199587384.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
This chapter explains a relational approach to knowledge-exchange practices and applies this to the empirical context of corporate knowledge transfers, using methods of social network analysis. It ...
More
This chapter explains a relational approach to knowledge-exchange practices and applies this to the empirical context of corporate knowledge transfers, using methods of social network analysis. It utilizes the results obtained from detailed empirical network research in a global technology service firm to evaluate the dimensions of global intrafirm knowledge flows and their vulnerability. In addition, it discusses the importance of the spatial perspective and the diversity of knowledge networks using the example of a corporate knowledge network. The chapter examines the impact of diverse management programmes on international knowledge exchange; discusses opportunities for technical and social approaches to knowledge management; and summarizes the study's main findings within the context of a relational conception of economic action.Less
This chapter explains a relational approach to knowledge-exchange practices and applies this to the empirical context of corporate knowledge transfers, using methods of social network analysis. It utilizes the results obtained from detailed empirical network research in a global technology service firm to evaluate the dimensions of global intrafirm knowledge flows and their vulnerability. In addition, it discusses the importance of the spatial perspective and the diversity of knowledge networks using the example of a corporate knowledge network. The chapter examines the impact of diverse management programmes on international knowledge exchange; discusses opportunities for technical and social approaches to knowledge management; and summarizes the study's main findings within the context of a relational conception of economic action.
Katherine E. Smith, Justyna Bandola-Gill, Nasar Meer, Ellen Stewart, and Richard Watermeyer
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781447339854
- eISBN:
- 9781447339908
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447339854.003.0007
- Subject:
- Education, Higher and Further Education
This chapter focuses on academics working in university-based groups that have been charged with, and funded to achieve, knowledge translation and research impact. These are, we suggest, academics ...
More
This chapter focuses on academics working in university-based groups that have been charged with, and funded to achieve, knowledge translation and research impact. These are, we suggest, academics working at the vanguard of the impact agenda, who we might consider as experimental subjects from whom we can learn. This chapter includes a summary of the types of knowledge brokerage roles and organisations that have been created in the UK and the perceived and stated rationales for these new roles and organisations, and an analysis of interview data providing insights into the perspectives of academics working within two such groups.Less
This chapter focuses on academics working in university-based groups that have been charged with, and funded to achieve, knowledge translation and research impact. These are, we suggest, academics working at the vanguard of the impact agenda, who we might consider as experimental subjects from whom we can learn. This chapter includes a summary of the types of knowledge brokerage roles and organisations that have been created in the UK and the perceived and stated rationales for these new roles and organisations, and an analysis of interview data providing insights into the perspectives of academics working within two such groups.
Maria Brons, Harry Knoors, and Marc Marschark (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- March 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190880514
- eISBN:
- 9780190947538
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190880514.003.0021
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
This concluding chapter pulls together the threads that run through this wide-ranging volume. It first addresses the notion of learning through exchange of knowledge. It then considers the practices ...
More
This concluding chapter pulls together the threads that run through this wide-ranging volume. It first addresses the notion of learning through exchange of knowledge. It then considers the practices and policies in educating deaf and hard-of-hearing learners in the countries represented by chapters of this volume. Each of these chapters provides the reader with insight into the state of affairs of deaf education in a country as seen and experienced by individuals actually working in that country. What are the commonalities? What are the differences? What can we learn from best practices? The chapter concludes by assessing the major challenges facing deaf education in countries “beyond the Western world” and looks ahead to the prospects for future development and research in the context of recently adopted international legal frameworks.Less
This concluding chapter pulls together the threads that run through this wide-ranging volume. It first addresses the notion of learning through exchange of knowledge. It then considers the practices and policies in educating deaf and hard-of-hearing learners in the countries represented by chapters of this volume. Each of these chapters provides the reader with insight into the state of affairs of deaf education in a country as seen and experienced by individuals actually working in that country. What are the commonalities? What are the differences? What can we learn from best practices? The chapter concludes by assessing the major challenges facing deaf education in countries “beyond the Western world” and looks ahead to the prospects for future development and research in the context of recently adopted international legal frameworks.
Ewan Ferlie, Louise FitzGerald, Gerry McGivern, Sue Dopson, and Chris Bennett
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199603015
- eISBN:
- 9780191752995
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199603015.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Public Management
This chapter examines the evidence across the cases on inter-organizational learning, purportedly one of the benefits of the network form. The chapter discusses the diversity of attitudes to learning ...
More
This chapter examines the evidence across the cases on inter-organizational learning, purportedly one of the benefits of the network form. The chapter discusses the diversity of attitudes to learning displayed in the case and the formal and informal mechanisms adopted to facilitate knowledge sharing and exchange. Overall, conclusion is that there were relatively low levels of inter-organizational learning in the cases. It is noted that some important aspects of inter-organizational learning were under-developed in most networks and reasons for this and the consequences are explored. Recommendations are offered on the features which would facilitate inter-organizational learning. A conceptualization is also commenced of the criteria for assessing knowledge exchange and learning.Less
This chapter examines the evidence across the cases on inter-organizational learning, purportedly one of the benefits of the network form. The chapter discusses the diversity of attitudes to learning displayed in the case and the formal and informal mechanisms adopted to facilitate knowledge sharing and exchange. Overall, conclusion is that there were relatively low levels of inter-organizational learning in the cases. It is noted that some important aspects of inter-organizational learning were under-developed in most networks and reasons for this and the consequences are explored. Recommendations are offered on the features which would facilitate inter-organizational learning. A conceptualization is also commenced of the criteria for assessing knowledge exchange and learning.
Katherine Smith, Ellen Stewart, Peter Donnelly, and Ben McKendrick
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198703358
- eISBN:
- 9780191772603
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198703358.003.0019
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
After charting the growing literature concerning public health knowledge translation, this chapter compares traditional public health accounts of policymaking with those evident in political science ...
More
After charting the growing literature concerning public health knowledge translation, this chapter compares traditional public health accounts of policymaking with those evident in political science and policy studies. It then reflects on some of the difficulties facing those working to improve the use of health inequalities research in decision-making and considers claims that public health advocacy may be required. Drawing on available literature, the chapter then considers similarities between ‘advocacy’ and a range of other concepts, including ‘knowledge exchange’ and ‘lobbying’, and outlines some of the risks facing health inequalities researchers who try to engage in ‘advocacy’-orientated work. By briefly comparing tobacco control and health inequalities, the chapter reflects on the factors that appear to contribute to successful public health advocacy. Finally, the chapter makes the case for more health inequalities researchers to engage in advocacy-orientated work and considers strategies for managing some of the risks involved.Less
After charting the growing literature concerning public health knowledge translation, this chapter compares traditional public health accounts of policymaking with those evident in political science and policy studies. It then reflects on some of the difficulties facing those working to improve the use of health inequalities research in decision-making and considers claims that public health advocacy may be required. Drawing on available literature, the chapter then considers similarities between ‘advocacy’ and a range of other concepts, including ‘knowledge exchange’ and ‘lobbying’, and outlines some of the risks facing health inequalities researchers who try to engage in ‘advocacy’-orientated work. By briefly comparing tobacco control and health inequalities, the chapter reflects on the factors that appear to contribute to successful public health advocacy. Finally, the chapter makes the case for more health inequalities researchers to engage in advocacy-orientated work and considers strategies for managing some of the risks involved.
Vanina Leschziner
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780804787970
- eISBN:
- 9780804795494
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804787970.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Culture
This chapter examines how chefs strategize to differentiate from others. Chefs look for new ideas to navigate the balance between originality and conformity to established styles that is necessary to ...
More
This chapter examines how chefs strategize to differentiate from others. Chefs look for new ideas to navigate the balance between originality and conformity to established styles that is necessary to survive in a cultural field. At the same time, they need to manage a fitting distance from other chefs. Like creators in any field, they borrow ideas from others to obtain inspiration, but unlike creators in many fields, they have no means to publicly give credit for the borrowed ideas. Developing a style that is not too derivative and managing relations with peers is much harder where creativity occurs through minor changes, and the difference between styles is fuzzy. This chapter analyzes the different strategies—culinary, cognitive, and rhetorical—chefs engage in to avoid the impression that they are too closely derivative, and highlight their difference rather than similarity from other chefs.Less
This chapter examines how chefs strategize to differentiate from others. Chefs look for new ideas to navigate the balance between originality and conformity to established styles that is necessary to survive in a cultural field. At the same time, they need to manage a fitting distance from other chefs. Like creators in any field, they borrow ideas from others to obtain inspiration, but unlike creators in many fields, they have no means to publicly give credit for the borrowed ideas. Developing a style that is not too derivative and managing relations with peers is much harder where creativity occurs through minor changes, and the difference between styles is fuzzy. This chapter analyzes the different strategies—culinary, cognitive, and rhetorical—chefs engage in to avoid the impression that they are too closely derivative, and highlight their difference rather than similarity from other chefs.
Harry Knoors, Maria Brons, and Marc Marschark (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- March 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190880514
- eISBN:
- 9780190947538
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190880514.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
This volume disseminates academically informed knowledge about deaf education constructed by scholars and practitioners in countries in Central and Eastern Europe, Africa, Asia, and Latin America in ...
More
This volume disseminates academically informed knowledge about deaf education constructed by scholars and practitioners in countries in Central and Eastern Europe, Africa, Asia, and Latin America in order to identify the strengths and needs of deaf learners and deaf educators in those countries and to help move deaf education forward. It includes chapters about best practices and challenges from nineteen countries across the world, countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Central and Eastern Europe. The chapters are written by scholars and practitioners who live and work in these countries, sometimes co-authored by colleagues from Western countries. The volume thus offers a picture of deaf education beyond the Western world from the perspective of local scholars associated with educating deaf and hard-of-hearing learners, the people who live it and know it best. The picture that emerges about deaf education in mostly vast countries is one that often reflects considerable regional and local variation. The chapters in this volume are embedded in discourses about international knowledge exchange, international development support, and the ambition to realize Goal 4 of the worldwide Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations: to ensure by 2030 inclusive and equitable education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all, including deaf and hard-of-hearing children and adults.Less
This volume disseminates academically informed knowledge about deaf education constructed by scholars and practitioners in countries in Central and Eastern Europe, Africa, Asia, and Latin America in order to identify the strengths and needs of deaf learners and deaf educators in those countries and to help move deaf education forward. It includes chapters about best practices and challenges from nineteen countries across the world, countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Central and Eastern Europe. The chapters are written by scholars and practitioners who live and work in these countries, sometimes co-authored by colleagues from Western countries. The volume thus offers a picture of deaf education beyond the Western world from the perspective of local scholars associated with educating deaf and hard-of-hearing learners, the people who live it and know it best. The picture that emerges about deaf education in mostly vast countries is one that often reflects considerable regional and local variation. The chapters in this volume are embedded in discourses about international knowledge exchange, international development support, and the ambition to realize Goal 4 of the worldwide Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations: to ensure by 2030 inclusive and equitable education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all, including deaf and hard-of-hearing children and adults.
Manuel Barcia
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780300215854
- eISBN:
- 9780300252019
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300215854.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter examines the exchanges and debates that occurred throughout the Atlantic, revealing how knowledge related to diseases and their cures was created and disseminated by a varied number of ...
More
This chapter examines the exchanges and debates that occurred throughout the Atlantic, revealing how knowledge related to diseases and their cures was created and disseminated by a varied number of historical actors associated with the slave trade and its abolition. The chapter question the ways in which helped disseminating new knowledge and changing medical cultures in the Atlantic world and beyond.Less
This chapter examines the exchanges and debates that occurred throughout the Atlantic, revealing how knowledge related to diseases and their cures was created and disseminated by a varied number of historical actors associated with the slave trade and its abolition. The chapter question the ways in which helped disseminating new knowledge and changing medical cultures in the Atlantic world and beyond.
William Allen, Scott Blinder, and Robert McNeil
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- April 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198834557
- eISBN:
- 9780191872655
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198834557.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
This chapter addresses how research and public debate about migration interact with and inform each other, focusing on public perceptions and media coverage as important aspects. Factors including ...
More
This chapter addresses how research and public debate about migration interact with and inform each other, focusing on public perceptions and media coverage as important aspects. Factors including generalized public innumeracy about migration levels, effects of emotions on perceptions, and variation in the perceived credibility of different messengers make communicating information—of which research evidence is an important type—a complex process with multiple points of potential resistance. Meanwhile, the demands and expectations of public users and policy-makers can influence how research happens and the types of questions that are seen to be more meaningful. These interrelationships exist within wider social, political, and economic contexts that, in certain circumstances, are likely to favour some outcomes over others. In total, the chapter argues that the pathway from generating research evidence to impacting public debates is not only uncertain, it is also more complex than is often presumed.Less
This chapter addresses how research and public debate about migration interact with and inform each other, focusing on public perceptions and media coverage as important aspects. Factors including generalized public innumeracy about migration levels, effects of emotions on perceptions, and variation in the perceived credibility of different messengers make communicating information—of which research evidence is an important type—a complex process with multiple points of potential resistance. Meanwhile, the demands and expectations of public users and policy-makers can influence how research happens and the types of questions that are seen to be more meaningful. These interrelationships exist within wider social, political, and economic contexts that, in certain circumstances, are likely to favour some outcomes over others. In total, the chapter argues that the pathway from generating research evidence to impacting public debates is not only uncertain, it is also more complex than is often presumed.
Ioanna Iordanou
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- November 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198791317
- eISBN:
- 9780191833823
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198791317.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, Cultural History
This chapter discusses the culture of secrecy that the Council of Ten distilled within and beyond the walls of the Doge’s Palace. This culture was perpetuated through a slew of formal regulations on ...
More
This chapter discusses the culture of secrecy that the Council of Ten distilled within and beyond the walls of the Doge’s Palace. This culture was perpetuated through a slew of formal regulations on the instrumentality of secrecy, especially official state secrecy, for the affairs and, by extension, the security of the Venetian state. The demand for secrecy spread across the dominion and permeated all echelons of Venetian society. Using social theorizations of secrecy, the chapter shows how secrecy, as the ongoing process of intentional concealment, enabled social interactions amongst individuals of diverse social standing who, without the shield of concealment, would not have been able to interact. In this respect, secrecy functioned as a vehicle of knowledge exchange, creating a dynamic and enduring relationship between the government and the governed. Ultimately, official state secrecy became a vital tool of statecraft and political control for the Council of Ten.Less
This chapter discusses the culture of secrecy that the Council of Ten distilled within and beyond the walls of the Doge’s Palace. This culture was perpetuated through a slew of formal regulations on the instrumentality of secrecy, especially official state secrecy, for the affairs and, by extension, the security of the Venetian state. The demand for secrecy spread across the dominion and permeated all echelons of Venetian society. Using social theorizations of secrecy, the chapter shows how secrecy, as the ongoing process of intentional concealment, enabled social interactions amongst individuals of diverse social standing who, without the shield of concealment, would not have been able to interact. In this respect, secrecy functioned as a vehicle of knowledge exchange, creating a dynamic and enduring relationship between the government and the governed. Ultimately, official state secrecy became a vital tool of statecraft and political control for the Council of Ten.
