Philip V. Bohlman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195178326
- eISBN:
- 9780199869992
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195178326.003.0007
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
The ontologies of Jewish music changed to reflect a transformation of the past into a utopian future at the end of the long nineteenth century, especially as World War I brought about the end of much ...
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The ontologies of Jewish music changed to reflect a transformation of the past into a utopian future at the end of the long nineteenth century, especially as World War I brought about the end of much traditional Jewish life in Europe. New cultural movements swept the Diaspora, not least among them Zionism, both in cultural and in political forms. Jewish music absorbed the images of the new utopias beyond the crisis of modernity: the paradise of a modern Israel; new forms of settlement, such as the collective kibbutz; the pioneer songs that allowed Jews in the Diaspora to sing in Hebrew about the past that had the potential to be the future. The case studies in the chapter include the attempt to create a canon of national Israeli art songs in the 1930s and the endeavors of the first organization cultivating Jewish music in the Yishuv, the World Centre for Jewish Music in Palestine, in the late 1930s.Less
The ontologies of Jewish music changed to reflect a transformation of the past into a utopian future at the end of the long nineteenth century, especially as World War I brought about the end of much traditional Jewish life in Europe. New cultural movements swept the Diaspora, not least among them Zionism, both in cultural and in political forms. Jewish music absorbed the images of the new utopias beyond the crisis of modernity: the paradise of a modern Israel; new forms of settlement, such as the collective kibbutz; the pioneer songs that allowed Jews in the Diaspora to sing in Hebrew about the past that had the potential to be the future. The case studies in the chapter include the attempt to create a canon of national Israeli art songs in the 1930s and the endeavors of the first organization cultivating Jewish music in the Yishuv, the World Centre for Jewish Music in Palestine, in the late 1930s.
Yaakov Gilboa and Moshe Justman
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199732180
- eISBN:
- 9780199866182
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199732180.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter draws from the experience of the Israeli kibbutz to address the question of why middle-class students are more successful in the competition to enter higher education. The chapter ...
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This chapter draws from the experience of the Israeli kibbutz to address the question of why middle-class students are more successful in the competition to enter higher education. The chapter provides a conceptual framework for measuring equal opportunity in education. It then describes the problem of equal opportunity in access to higher education in Israel. It also provides some background on the organization of the kibbutz and its education system. The last section of the chapter presents the data and the findings of statistical analysis.Less
This chapter draws from the experience of the Israeli kibbutz to address the question of why middle-class students are more successful in the competition to enter higher education. The chapter provides a conceptual framework for measuring equal opportunity in education. It then describes the problem of equal opportunity in access to higher education in Israel. It also provides some background on the organization of the kibbutz and its education system. The last section of the chapter presents the data and the findings of statistical analysis.
AVITAL MARGALIT
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195391572
- eISBN:
- 9780199775804
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195391572.003.006
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law
Analyzing the current trend in common property theory to contextualize the relationships between commons and their environments, and suggesting a more sensitive, dynamic, multi-dimensional frame of ...
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Analyzing the current trend in common property theory to contextualize the relationships between commons and their environments, and suggesting a more sensitive, dynamic, multi-dimensional frame of analysis — one that will examine the interaction between internal variables of the commons and external variables stemming from the environments, and do so along a time axis — this chapter incorporates legality into the analysis of commons' governance. Exposing the assumptions underlying current theory regarding the place of law in the reality of the commons, the chapter offers, as an alternative, a cultural approach for the analysis of the relationship between commons and legality. Presenting the case of the Kibbutz as a test case, it concludes by demonstrating the merits of combining old and new insights on commons and legality in promoting our understanding of the fascinating phenomena of the commons and its modes of governance.Less
Analyzing the current trend in common property theory to contextualize the relationships between commons and their environments, and suggesting a more sensitive, dynamic, multi-dimensional frame of analysis — one that will examine the interaction between internal variables of the commons and external variables stemming from the environments, and do so along a time axis — this chapter incorporates legality into the analysis of commons' governance. Exposing the assumptions underlying current theory regarding the place of law in the reality of the commons, the chapter offers, as an alternative, a cultural approach for the analysis of the relationship between commons and legality. Presenting the case of the Kibbutz as a test case, it concludes by demonstrating the merits of combining old and new insights on commons and legality in promoting our understanding of the fascinating phenomena of the commons and its modes of governance.
Abraham Bell, Gideon Parchomovsky, and Benjamin Weitz
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780197266380
- eISBN:
- 9780191879579
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266380.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law
In this chapter, we discuss the unique property norms that emerged within the Israeli kibbutz and the challenges to which they gave rise. Originally, the prevailing property regime in kibbutzim ...
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In this chapter, we discuss the unique property norms that emerged within the Israeli kibbutz and the challenges to which they gave rise. Originally, the prevailing property regime in kibbutzim reflected a deep commitment to socialist ideology. All property was owned by the collective and individual members only held licences or permits to use kibbutz property. With time, as Israeli society has moved towards a free market economy and following a series of financial crises, most kibbutzim have abandoned the strict ban on private property and have gradually gravitated towards a system of private property rights. This transition has given rise to intricate legal challenges. It forced kibbutzim to adopt a system of allocating private property rights to their members in assets and has required Israeli courts to grapple with unique property arrangements that existed solely within kibbutzim and effectuate them within the formal legal system.Less
In this chapter, we discuss the unique property norms that emerged within the Israeli kibbutz and the challenges to which they gave rise. Originally, the prevailing property regime in kibbutzim reflected a deep commitment to socialist ideology. All property was owned by the collective and individual members only held licences or permits to use kibbutz property. With time, as Israeli society has moved towards a free market economy and following a series of financial crises, most kibbutzim have abandoned the strict ban on private property and have gradually gravitated towards a system of private property rights. This transition has given rise to intricate legal challenges. It forced kibbutzim to adopt a system of allocating private property rights to their members in assets and has required Israeli courts to grapple with unique property arrangements that existed solely within kibbutzim and effectuate them within the formal legal system.
Frederick E. Greenspahn (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781479896806
- eISBN:
- 9781479870141
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479896806.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
Over the past generation, modern Israel has evolved in ways that often differ from both what its founders envisioned and how it is popularly perceived. In this volume, experts draw on recent ...
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Over the past generation, modern Israel has evolved in ways that often differ from both what its founders envisioned and how it is popularly perceived. In this volume, experts draw on recent scholarship from both the humanities and the social sciences to explore subjects that illustrate these insights. Topics discussed include the changing composition of Israel’s population, feminist trends in its Orthodox community, and transformations in its culture and social identity, as well as the country’s Palestinian citizens and the development of Israel’s relationship to the American Jewish community.Less
Over the past generation, modern Israel has evolved in ways that often differ from both what its founders envisioned and how it is popularly perceived. In this volume, experts draw on recent scholarship from both the humanities and the social sciences to explore subjects that illustrate these insights. Topics discussed include the changing composition of Israel’s population, feminist trends in its Orthodox community, and transformations in its culture and social identity, as well as the country’s Palestinian citizens and the development of Israel’s relationship to the American Jewish community.
Michael Tyldesley
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853236085
- eISBN:
- 9781846313677
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846313677
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Social Groups
This book analyses three movements of communal living — the Kibbutz, the Bruderhof and the Integrierte Gemeinde — all of which can trace their origins to the German Youth Movement of the first part ...
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This book analyses three movements of communal living — the Kibbutz, the Bruderhof and the Integrierte Gemeinde — all of which can trace their origins to the German Youth Movement of the first part of the twentieth century. It looks at the alternative societies and economies the movements have created, their interactions with the wider world, and their redrawing of the boundaries of the public and private spheres of their members. The comparative approach taken allows a picture of dissimilarities and similarities to emerge that goes beyond merely obvious points of difference. The book places these movements in the context of intellectual trends in late nineteenth and twentieth-century Europe and especially Germany, and enables the reader to evaluate their wider significance.Less
This book analyses three movements of communal living — the Kibbutz, the Bruderhof and the Integrierte Gemeinde — all of which can trace their origins to the German Youth Movement of the first part of the twentieth century. It looks at the alternative societies and economies the movements have created, their interactions with the wider world, and their redrawing of the boundaries of the public and private spheres of their members. The comparative approach taken allows a picture of dissimilarities and similarities to emerge that goes beyond merely obvious points of difference. The book places these movements in the context of intellectual trends in late nineteenth and twentieth-century Europe and especially Germany, and enables the reader to evaluate their wider significance.
Nir Avieli
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780520290099
- eISBN:
- 9780520964419
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520290099.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Middle Eastern Cultural Anthropology
Drawing on ethnography conducted in Israel since the late 1990s, this book considers how power is produced, reproduced, negotiated, and subverted in the contemporary Israeli culinary sphere. The book ...
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Drawing on ethnography conducted in Israel since the late 1990s, this book considers how power is produced, reproduced, negotiated, and subverted in the contemporary Israeli culinary sphere. The book explores issues such as the definition of Israeli cuisine (a defining element of which is large portions of “satisfying” dishes made from mediocre ingredients), the ownership of hummus, Israel's Independence Day barbecues, the popularity of Italian food in Israel, the privatization of communal Kibbutz dining rooms, and food at a military prison for Palestinian detainees to show how cooking and eating create ambivalence concerning questions of strength and weakness and how power and victimization are mixed into a sense of self-justification that maintains internal cohesion among Israeli Jews. The book concludes by presenting two culinary trends in contemporary Israel that emerge at the intersection of food and power.Less
Drawing on ethnography conducted in Israel since the late 1990s, this book considers how power is produced, reproduced, negotiated, and subverted in the contemporary Israeli culinary sphere. The book explores issues such as the definition of Israeli cuisine (a defining element of which is large portions of “satisfying” dishes made from mediocre ingredients), the ownership of hummus, Israel's Independence Day barbecues, the popularity of Italian food in Israel, the privatization of communal Kibbutz dining rooms, and food at a military prison for Palestinian detainees to show how cooking and eating create ambivalence concerning questions of strength and weakness and how power and victimization are mixed into a sense of self-justification that maintains internal cohesion among Israeli Jews. The book concludes by presenting two culinary trends in contemporary Israel that emerge at the intersection of food and power.
Reuven Firestone
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199860302
- eISBN:
- 9780199950621
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199860302.003.0014
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
The War of Independence was considered by virtually all Jews everywhere as a war of defence against Arab armies and irregulars who attempted to destroy the nascent Jewish state. Its success after the ...
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The War of Independence was considered by virtually all Jews everywhere as a war of defence against Arab armies and irregulars who attempted to destroy the nascent Jewish state. Its success after the horrors of the Holocaust spawned an upsurge in messianic expectations that soon subsided under the pressure of building a state apparatus where none had existed previously. Much of the ideological fervour that drove the revolutionary movement of Zionism subsided in the face of the need for institution building and the absorption of masses of Jewish refugees from the Holocaust and Muslim lands in the Middle East and North Africa. The old ethos of avoiding war at all costs broke down during this period as well as punitive and pre-emptive military acts were carried out by Israeli forces against Arab militaries and civilian populations. Under the auspices of the military rabbinate, the Orthodox Jewish community begins to consider the sanctity of various portions of the traditional Land of Israel.Less
The War of Independence was considered by virtually all Jews everywhere as a war of defence against Arab armies and irregulars who attempted to destroy the nascent Jewish state. Its success after the horrors of the Holocaust spawned an upsurge in messianic expectations that soon subsided under the pressure of building a state apparatus where none had existed previously. Much of the ideological fervour that drove the revolutionary movement of Zionism subsided in the face of the need for institution building and the absorption of masses of Jewish refugees from the Holocaust and Muslim lands in the Middle East and North Africa. The old ethos of avoiding war at all costs broke down during this period as well as punitive and pre-emptive military acts were carried out by Israeli forces against Arab militaries and civilian populations. Under the auspices of the military rabbinate, the Orthodox Jewish community begins to consider the sanctity of various portions of the traditional Land of Israel.
Reuven Firestone
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199860302
- eISBN:
- 9780199950621
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199860302.003.0016
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda Kook symbolized and crystallized a trend that was developing organically in religious Zionism. He was uncompromising on the essentials of a messianic form of Zionism and popularized ...
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Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda Kook symbolized and crystallized a trend that was developing organically in religious Zionism. He was uncompromising on the essentials of a messianic form of Zionism and popularized a combination of ultra-Orthodox absolutism with an ideology of human activism inherent in modern nationalist movements. This equation produced a militant nationalist messianism (or messianic nationalism). Kook considered the Three Vows to have been cancelled and taught that with God's sanction, the Jewish nation is on the final and inexorable path to divine redemption through building up the Land of Israel – all of the Land of Israel. God not only sanctions this redemptive moment of history but decrees it. Any compromise is a renunciation of the divine plan and a violation of God’s will. The movement that crystallized around Rabbi Kook actually carried the previously moderated and often unspoken messianic ideals of Religious Zionism to their logical conclusion, which resulted in a new contextualization and modern articulation of Jewish holy war.Less
Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda Kook symbolized and crystallized a trend that was developing organically in religious Zionism. He was uncompromising on the essentials of a messianic form of Zionism and popularized a combination of ultra-Orthodox absolutism with an ideology of human activism inherent in modern nationalist movements. This equation produced a militant nationalist messianism (or messianic nationalism). Kook considered the Three Vows to have been cancelled and taught that with God's sanction, the Jewish nation is on the final and inexorable path to divine redemption through building up the Land of Israel – all of the Land of Israel. God not only sanctions this redemptive moment of history but decrees it. Any compromise is a renunciation of the divine plan and a violation of God’s will. The movement that crystallized around Rabbi Kook actually carried the previously moderated and often unspoken messianic ideals of Religious Zionism to their logical conclusion, which resulted in a new contextualization and modern articulation of Jewish holy war.
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853236085
- eISBN:
- 9781846313677
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853236085.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Social Groups
The Kibbutz has 115,000 members which is much larger than either the 2,500 of the Bruderhof and the slightly more than 1,000 members of the Integrierte Gemeinde. In addition to size, the Kibbutz is ...
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The Kibbutz has 115,000 members which is much larger than either the 2,500 of the Bruderhof and the slightly more than 1,000 members of the Integrierte Gemeinde. In addition to size, the Kibbutz is also a much more varied movement than the other two. One similarity between the Kibbutz and the Bruderhof is that they both take the form of communes. This chapter looks at the history of the Kibbutz and its characteristics as an institution, the kibbutzim, the members' living standards, education of new members and the crisis experienced by the movement in 1985. Finally, it examines the Kibbutz's commitment to Zionism and its relation to the mainstream society of Israel.Less
The Kibbutz has 115,000 members which is much larger than either the 2,500 of the Bruderhof and the slightly more than 1,000 members of the Integrierte Gemeinde. In addition to size, the Kibbutz is also a much more varied movement than the other two. One similarity between the Kibbutz and the Bruderhof is that they both take the form of communes. This chapter looks at the history of the Kibbutz and its characteristics as an institution, the kibbutzim, the members' living standards, education of new members and the crisis experienced by the movement in 1985. Finally, it examines the Kibbutz's commitment to Zionism and its relation to the mainstream society of Israel.
Oz Almog
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520216426
- eISBN:
- 9780520921979
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520216426.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
The Sabras were the first Israelis—the first generation, born in the 1930s and 1940s, to grow up in the Zionist settlement in Palestine. Socialized and educated in the ethos of the Zionist labor ...
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The Sabras were the first Israelis—the first generation, born in the 1930s and 1940s, to grow up in the Zionist settlement in Palestine. Socialized and educated in the ethos of the Zionist labor movement and the communal ideals of the kibbutz and moshav, they turned the dream of their pioneer forebears into the reality of the new State of Israel. While the Sabras made up a small minority of the new society's population, their cultural influence was enormous. Their ideals, their love of the land, their recreational culture of bonfires and sing-alongs, their adoption of Arab accessories, their slang, and their gruff, straightforward manner, together with a reserved, almost puritanical attitude toward individual relationships, came to signify the cultural fulfillment of the utopian ideal of a new Jew. This book addresses their lives, thought, and role in Jewish history, providing a complex and unflinching analysis of accepted norms and an impressive appraisal of the Sabra, one that any examination of new Israeli reality must take into consideration. The Sabras became Palmach commanders, soldiers in the British Brigade, and, later, officers in the Israel Defense Forces. They served as a source of inspiration and an object of emulation for an entire society. This volume includes poems, letters, youth movement and army newsletters, and much more to portray the Sabras' attitudes toward the Arabs, war, nature, work, agriculture, cooperation, and education. The Sabra remained central to the founding myth of the nation, the real Israeli, against whom later generations will be judged.Less
The Sabras were the first Israelis—the first generation, born in the 1930s and 1940s, to grow up in the Zionist settlement in Palestine. Socialized and educated in the ethos of the Zionist labor movement and the communal ideals of the kibbutz and moshav, they turned the dream of their pioneer forebears into the reality of the new State of Israel. While the Sabras made up a small minority of the new society's population, their cultural influence was enormous. Their ideals, their love of the land, their recreational culture of bonfires and sing-alongs, their adoption of Arab accessories, their slang, and their gruff, straightforward manner, together with a reserved, almost puritanical attitude toward individual relationships, came to signify the cultural fulfillment of the utopian ideal of a new Jew. This book addresses their lives, thought, and role in Jewish history, providing a complex and unflinching analysis of accepted norms and an impressive appraisal of the Sabra, one that any examination of new Israeli reality must take into consideration. The Sabras became Palmach commanders, soldiers in the British Brigade, and, later, officers in the Israel Defense Forces. They served as a source of inspiration and an object of emulation for an entire society. This volume includes poems, letters, youth movement and army newsletters, and much more to portray the Sabras' attitudes toward the Arabs, war, nature, work, agriculture, cooperation, and education. The Sabra remained central to the founding myth of the nation, the real Israeli, against whom later generations will be judged.
Oz Almog
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520216426
- eISBN:
- 9780520921979
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520216426.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
The pioneers of the Second and Third Aliyot were not just Zionists seeking to establish a Jewish polity; they were revolutionaries who wanted to create an entirely new and specifically Jewish ...
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The pioneers of the Second and Third Aliyot were not just Zionists seeking to establish a Jewish polity; they were revolutionaries who wanted to create an entirely new and specifically Jewish society. As socialists, they took as their goal the creation of a commonwealth in which relations between people would be based on true equality, mutual assistance, and mutual respect. The economic forces that, so they believed, controlled the structure of human relations in a capitalist society would no longer determine the fate of men and women. This chapter discusses the following: the kibbutz community, the culture of the circle, the group in discourse and language, and Sabra friendship in war.Less
The pioneers of the Second and Third Aliyot were not just Zionists seeking to establish a Jewish polity; they were revolutionaries who wanted to create an entirely new and specifically Jewish society. As socialists, they took as their goal the creation of a commonwealth in which relations between people would be based on true equality, mutual assistance, and mutual respect. The economic forces that, so they believed, controlled the structure of human relations in a capitalist society would no longer determine the fate of men and women. This chapter discusses the following: the kibbutz community, the culture of the circle, the group in discourse and language, and Sabra friendship in war.
Liora R. Halperin
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780300197488
- eISBN:
- 9780300210200
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300197488.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Jewish Studies
This chapter looks at the scope of Jewish engagement with Arabic in Jewish communities and organizations in Palestine. It addresses four discrete but interlinked ways and settings in which some Jews ...
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This chapter looks at the scope of Jewish engagement with Arabic in Jewish communities and organizations in Palestine. It addresses four discrete but interlinked ways and settings in which some Jews encountered, sought out, or deployed Arabic: community Arabic courses provided to kibbutz dwellers and other agricultural communities in rural regions of the country; Jewish contact with Arabic in the region of Tel Aviv; intelligence and military operations that gathered information about communal goings-on through the use of Jews who knew Arabic; and Zionist Arabic-language newspapers aimed to affect Arab public opinion. It shows that Arabic knowledge and use appeared to be a solution to both the apparent impossibility of future harmony and the loss of a past coexistence.Less
This chapter looks at the scope of Jewish engagement with Arabic in Jewish communities and organizations in Palestine. It addresses four discrete but interlinked ways and settings in which some Jews encountered, sought out, or deployed Arabic: community Arabic courses provided to kibbutz dwellers and other agricultural communities in rural regions of the country; Jewish contact with Arabic in the region of Tel Aviv; intelligence and military operations that gathered information about communal goings-on through the use of Jews who knew Arabic; and Zionist Arabic-language newspapers aimed to affect Arab public opinion. It shows that Arabic knowledge and use appeared to be a solution to both the apparent impossibility of future harmony and the loss of a past coexistence.
S. Ilan Troen
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300094831
- eISBN:
- 9780300128000
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300094831.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter describes how self-defense became a main concern for Jewish villages in the 1930s. Responding to the increasing outbreaks of conflict and growing competition with the country's Arabs, ...
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This chapter describes how self-defense became a main concern for Jewish villages in the 1930s. Responding to the increasing outbreaks of conflict and growing competition with the country's Arabs, planners gave unanticipated preference to the kibbutz as the instrument for expanding settlement. For approximately twenty years, from the mid-1930s through the early 1950s, the kibbutz was the spearhead of Zionist settlement policy. After the establishment of the state when an army was available to defend borders, the moshav displaced the kibbutz, again becoming the preferred model. Thus, the colony of 100 families was shaped not only by religion, ideology, and economics but, eventually, also by compelling strategic and political considerations that evolved from the growing conflict with Palestine's Arab population.Less
This chapter describes how self-defense became a main concern for Jewish villages in the 1930s. Responding to the increasing outbreaks of conflict and growing competition with the country's Arabs, planners gave unanticipated preference to the kibbutz as the instrument for expanding settlement. For approximately twenty years, from the mid-1930s through the early 1950s, the kibbutz was the spearhead of Zionist settlement policy. After the establishment of the state when an army was available to defend borders, the moshav displaced the kibbutz, again becoming the preferred model. Thus, the colony of 100 families was shaped not only by religion, ideology, and economics but, eventually, also by compelling strategic and political considerations that evolved from the growing conflict with Palestine's Arab population.
Raymond Russell
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781479896806
- eISBN:
- 9781479870141
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479896806.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
After playing a prominent role in Israeli society, the kibbutz movement went into decline from the mid-’50s to the mid-’70s, resulting in a loss of status and influence. The rise of the right-wing ...
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After playing a prominent role in Israeli society, the kibbutz movement went into decline from the mid-’50s to the mid-’70s, resulting in a loss of status and influence. The rise of the right-wing Likud party in 1977 brought changes in economic policies, which dislodged the kibbutz movement from its previously powerful position. The resulting financial crisis led many kibbutzim into bankruptcy, forcing a radical reorganization that culminated in a renewal effort, which included various degrees of privatization.Less
After playing a prominent role in Israeli society, the kibbutz movement went into decline from the mid-’50s to the mid-’70s, resulting in a loss of status and influence. The rise of the right-wing Likud party in 1977 brought changes in economic policies, which dislodged the kibbutz movement from its previously powerful position. The resulting financial crisis led many kibbutzim into bankruptcy, forcing a radical reorganization that culminated in a renewal effort, which included various degrees of privatization.
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853236085
- eISBN:
- 9781846313677
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853236085.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Social Groups
This book compares three communal movements the roots of which can be traced to the German Youth Movement: the Kibbutz, the Bruderhof and the Integrierte Gemeinde. While all three movements live what ...
More
This book compares three communal movements the roots of which can be traced to the German Youth Movement: the Kibbutz, the Bruderhof and the Integrierte Gemeinde. While all three movements live what is known as a ‘common life’, they do not live the same type of common life. The Kibbutz movement and the Bruderhof communities take the form of ‘communes’, whereas the Integrierte Gemeinde members belong to small ‘table communities’. The book explores the impact of the movements upon their host societies as well as their interactions with their host societies. It also considers how they have created an ‘alternative society’ and indeed alternative economy for their members. Finally, it discusses the process by which all three movement rejected contemporary ‘bourgeois’ society and chose to live in non-bourgeois ways.Less
This book compares three communal movements the roots of which can be traced to the German Youth Movement: the Kibbutz, the Bruderhof and the Integrierte Gemeinde. While all three movements live what is known as a ‘common life’, they do not live the same type of common life. The Kibbutz movement and the Bruderhof communities take the form of ‘communes’, whereas the Integrierte Gemeinde members belong to small ‘table communities’. The book explores the impact of the movements upon their host societies as well as their interactions with their host societies. It also considers how they have created an ‘alternative society’ and indeed alternative economy for their members. Finally, it discusses the process by which all three movement rejected contemporary ‘bourgeois’ society and chose to live in non-bourgeois ways.
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853236085
- eISBN:
- 9781846313677
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853236085.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Social Groups
This chapter provides an overview of three communal movements whose origins can be traced to the German Youth Movement: the Kibbutz, the Bruderhof and the Integrierte Gemeinde. Founded in Sannerz, ...
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This chapter provides an overview of three communal movements whose origins can be traced to the German Youth Movement: the Kibbutz, the Bruderhof and the Integrierte Gemeinde. Founded in Sannerz, Germany, in 1920, the Bruderhof is now an international movement, with roughly 2,000–2,500 members living in ten communities across Australia, England and the northeast United States. The Integrierte Gemeinde is primarily based in Germany, also has a presence in other countries such as Austria, Italy and Tanzania. The Kibbutz movement is currently located almost entirely in Israel. Whereas the Kibbutz and the Bruderhof are both organised around ‘communes’, the Integrierte Gemeinde takes the form of ‘table communities’.Less
This chapter provides an overview of three communal movements whose origins can be traced to the German Youth Movement: the Kibbutz, the Bruderhof and the Integrierte Gemeinde. Founded in Sannerz, Germany, in 1920, the Bruderhof is now an international movement, with roughly 2,000–2,500 members living in ten communities across Australia, England and the northeast United States. The Integrierte Gemeinde is primarily based in Germany, also has a presence in other countries such as Austria, Italy and Tanzania. The Kibbutz movement is currently located almost entirely in Israel. Whereas the Kibbutz and the Bruderhof are both organised around ‘communes’, the Integrierte Gemeinde takes the form of ‘table communities’.
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853236085
- eISBN:
- 9781846313677
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853236085.003.0007
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Social Groups
This chapter presents some comparative conclusions regarding the Kibbutz, the Bruderhof and the Integrierte Gemeinde. It examines the impact of the three communal movements on their ‘host’ societies ...
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This chapter presents some comparative conclusions regarding the Kibbutz, the Bruderhof and the Integrierte Gemeinde. It examines the impact of the three communal movements on their ‘host’ societies and how they have attempted to construct ‘alternative societies’ and ‘alternative economies’. Moreover, it considers the extent to which individual members of the movements have personal autonomy and how the movements currently view their relationship with the German Youth Movement.Less
This chapter presents some comparative conclusions regarding the Kibbutz, the Bruderhof and the Integrierte Gemeinde. It examines the impact of the three communal movements on their ‘host’ societies and how they have attempted to construct ‘alternative societies’ and ‘alternative economies’. Moreover, it considers the extent to which individual members of the movements have personal autonomy and how the movements currently view their relationship with the German Youth Movement.
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853236085
- eISBN:
- 9781846313677
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853236085.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Social Groups
The three communal movements that have been considered in this book — the Kibbutz, the Bruderhof and the Integrierte Gemeinde — are all organised around communities and trace their roots to German ...
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The three communal movements that have been considered in this book — the Kibbutz, the Bruderhof and the Integrierte Gemeinde — are all organised around communities and trace their roots to German culture. This concluding chapter considers whether all three are backward-looking, Romantic movements that seek to (re)create an illusion, fighting against the mainstream of modern life. It also examines whether their histories and ideologies reflect German, and indeed perhaps European, life and culture in the twentieth century. In particular, it explores the movements' European identity through the prism of Michael Löwy and Robert Sayre's approach to Romanticism. Finally, it discusses the link between the concepts of Romanticism and Utopianism, as well as Zionism, socialism and Israel in connection with the three movements.Less
The three communal movements that have been considered in this book — the Kibbutz, the Bruderhof and the Integrierte Gemeinde — are all organised around communities and trace their roots to German culture. This concluding chapter considers whether all three are backward-looking, Romantic movements that seek to (re)create an illusion, fighting against the mainstream of modern life. It also examines whether their histories and ideologies reflect German, and indeed perhaps European, life and culture in the twentieth century. In particular, it explores the movements' European identity through the prism of Michael Löwy and Robert Sayre's approach to Romanticism. Finally, it discusses the link between the concepts of Romanticism and Utopianism, as well as Zionism, socialism and Israel in connection with the three movements.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804762489
- eISBN:
- 9780804772525
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804762489.003.0020
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Jewish Studies
Kovner returned to Kibbutz Ein Hahoresh when the War of Independence ended, which marked the beginning of almost four decades of channeling his energy into various civilian projects. He was a member ...
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Kovner returned to Kibbutz Ein Hahoresh when the War of Independence ended, which marked the beginning of almost four decades of channeling his energy into various civilian projects. He was a member of Mapam and Hashomer Hatzair, dealing with its leadership and members, and traveled widely outside Israel as an envoy of both the movement and, later, of the Diaspora Museum. Kovner perpetuated Jewish history and the history of the Holocaust in plans he devised for founding museums and other institutions, and integrated Jewish culture into the kibbutz's daily life. He wrote literary works and was deeply involved in Israeli society; he had a family and friends, and continued nonstop until he died, not yet 70.Less
Kovner returned to Kibbutz Ein Hahoresh when the War of Independence ended, which marked the beginning of almost four decades of channeling his energy into various civilian projects. He was a member of Mapam and Hashomer Hatzair, dealing with its leadership and members, and traveled widely outside Israel as an envoy of both the movement and, later, of the Diaspora Museum. Kovner perpetuated Jewish history and the history of the Holocaust in plans he devised for founding museums and other institutions, and integrated Jewish culture into the kibbutz's daily life. He wrote literary works and was deeply involved in Israeli society; he had a family and friends, and continued nonstop until he died, not yet 70.
