Elizabeth Harvey
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198204145
- eISBN:
- 9780191676123
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204145.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, Social History
A key area where the Weimar Republic's new approach to the juvenile delinquent was to be tested was the treatment of juvenile crime. Statistics on criminality rates recorded the number of convictions ...
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A key area where the Weimar Republic's new approach to the juvenile delinquent was to be tested was the treatment of juvenile crime. Statistics on criminality rates recorded the number of convictions for offences against Reich laws. A comparison between trends in crime generally and trends in juvenile crime over this period must take into account the fact that the age of criminal responsibility was raised from twelve to fourteen years under the Juvenile Courts Law of 1923. Juvenile Courts Law were only fully evident in 1925, when the number of juveniles convicted of criminal offences in Hamburg fell to 461. The rising number of cases in the juvenile court where young people were involved in clashes with the state authorities reflected the increase of political tensions and of open political conflict during this period.Less
A key area where the Weimar Republic's new approach to the juvenile delinquent was to be tested was the treatment of juvenile crime. Statistics on criminality rates recorded the number of convictions for offences against Reich laws. A comparison between trends in crime generally and trends in juvenile crime over this period must take into account the fact that the age of criminal responsibility was raised from twelve to fourteen years under the Juvenile Courts Law of 1923. Juvenile Courts Law were only fully evident in 1925, when the number of juveniles convicted of criminal offences in Hamburg fell to 461. The rising number of cases in the juvenile court where young people were involved in clashes with the state authorities reflected the increase of political tensions and of open political conflict during this period.
Lynn Bye, Michelle E. Alvarez, Janet Haynes, and Cindy E. Sweigart
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195398496
- eISBN:
- 9780199777402
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195398496.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
Research has shown that truancy is frequently associated with juvenile crime and dropping out of school altogether. With the high dropout rate in the U.S. and the No Child Left Behind Act holding ...
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Research has shown that truancy is frequently associated with juvenile crime and dropping out of school altogether. With the high dropout rate in the U.S. and the No Child Left Behind Act holding schools accountable for their dropout rates, it is essential for school social workers to contribute to their schools' improvement plan in meeting annual yearly progress benchmarks. This book covers best practices in truancy at the community, school, and student/family levels of interventions. It provides a reference guide to research-based programs and truancy program implementation. Beginning with an introduction to the essentials of truancy, its causes and consequences, and state and federal legislation, the authors then give readers a snapshot of what research has shown to work so far and what adaptations might look like in various school settings. Richly detailed case examples illustrate multiple levels of intervention, from the school-wide prevention and general policy levels, to remedial interventions, including culturally competent approaches.Less
Research has shown that truancy is frequently associated with juvenile crime and dropping out of school altogether. With the high dropout rate in the U.S. and the No Child Left Behind Act holding schools accountable for their dropout rates, it is essential for school social workers to contribute to their schools' improvement plan in meeting annual yearly progress benchmarks. This book covers best practices in truancy at the community, school, and student/family levels of interventions. It provides a reference guide to research-based programs and truancy program implementation. Beginning with an introduction to the essentials of truancy, its causes and consequences, and state and federal legislation, the authors then give readers a snapshot of what research has shown to work so far and what adaptations might look like in various school settings. Richly detailed case examples illustrate multiple levels of intervention, from the school-wide prevention and general policy levels, to remedial interventions, including culturally competent approaches.
Ted Gest
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195103434
- eISBN:
- 9780199833887
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195103432.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
The crime rate in the US has exploded since 1960. Despite decreases in recent years, reported violence in 2001 exceeded the levels of the late 1970s. Government at all levels has tried to address the ...
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The crime rate in the US has exploded since 1960. Despite decreases in recent years, reported violence in 2001 exceeded the levels of the late 1970s. Government at all levels has tried to address the crime problem, with mixed success. Police forces that formerly focused on patrol cars’ responding to citizen calls embraced the proactive approach of community policing; courts set up specialized branches, hearing cases relating to narcotics, guns, and domestic violence; criminal sentences sharply increased, filling prisons and jails with more than 2 million people. Yet, crime rates continue to rise and fall, seemingly without regard to government programs. Strikingly, little evidence has been collected about which anticrime activities are truly effective and which are not. Instead, members of Congress and state legislators, who set the tone for the fight against crime, tend to base their actions on what sounds good in political advertisements rather than what has proved to work through scientific experiment. Still, there are a number of promising ideas in law enforcement, juvenile crime, corrections, and other areas that could help prevent crime if they could obtain adequate financial support.Less
The crime rate in the US has exploded since 1960. Despite decreases in recent years, reported violence in 2001 exceeded the levels of the late 1970s. Government at all levels has tried to address the crime problem, with mixed success. Police forces that formerly focused on patrol cars’ responding to citizen calls embraced the proactive approach of community policing; courts set up specialized branches, hearing cases relating to narcotics, guns, and domestic violence; criminal sentences sharply increased, filling prisons and jails with more than 2 million people. Yet, crime rates continue to rise and fall, seemingly without regard to government programs. Strikingly, little evidence has been collected about which anticrime activities are truly effective and which are not. Instead, members of Congress and state legislators, who set the tone for the fight against crime, tend to base their actions on what sounds good in political advertisements rather than what has proved to work through scientific experiment. Still, there are a number of promising ideas in law enforcement, juvenile crime, corrections, and other areas that could help prevent crime if they could obtain adequate financial support.
N. Dickon Reppucci, Jessica R. Meyer, and Jessica Owen Kostelnik
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195380576
- eISBN:
- 9780199864508
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195380576.003.0008
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter presents an overview of patterns of juvenile crime and school violence in the United States and then provides brief narrative histories of the development and impact of zero-tolerance ...
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This chapter presents an overview of patterns of juvenile crime and school violence in the United States and then provides brief narrative histories of the development and impact of zero-tolerance policies in our schools, and the conception and establishment of a rehabilitative juvenile justice system that today has become largely adversarial and punitive. These narrative histories are used to illuminate the loss of focus on individualized justice and accountability to the suppression of youth—especially lower socio-economic, ethnic minority youth.Less
This chapter presents an overview of patterns of juvenile crime and school violence in the United States and then provides brief narrative histories of the development and impact of zero-tolerance policies in our schools, and the conception and establishment of a rehabilitative juvenile justice system that today has become largely adversarial and punitive. These narrative histories are used to illuminate the loss of focus on individualized justice and accountability to the suppression of youth—especially lower socio-economic, ethnic minority youth.
Juliane Fürst
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199575060
- eISBN:
- 9780191595141
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199575060.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter focuses on the youth's consumption of film, music, and fashion, examining non-conformist rather than integrative practices. It highlights the existence among the young of multiple ...
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This chapter focuses on the youth's consumption of film, music, and fashion, examining non-conformist rather than integrative practices. It highlights the existence among the young of multiple notions of Sovietness, some of which — at times unconsciously — challenged official norms and expectations. While nascent Soviet subcultures caused indignation and a mild moral panic, true concern was reserved for juvenile crime.Less
This chapter focuses on the youth's consumption of film, music, and fashion, examining non-conformist rather than integrative practices. It highlights the existence among the young of multiple notions of Sovietness, some of which — at times unconsciously — challenged official norms and expectations. While nascent Soviet subcultures caused indignation and a mild moral panic, true concern was reserved for juvenile crime.
Christopher Slobogin and Mark R. Fondacaro
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199778355
- eISBN:
- 9780199895151
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199778355.003.0002
- Subject:
- Psychology, Forensic Psychology
This chapter reviews current research in relation to three topics: the biopsychosocial differences between juveniles and adults; the risk factors associated with juvenile offending; and the efficacy ...
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This chapter reviews current research in relation to three topics: the biopsychosocial differences between juveniles and adults; the risk factors associated with juvenile offending; and the efficacy of interventions designed to reduce juvenile crime. Studying the first two subjects is crucial to figuring out whether the assumptions underlying the retributive, individual prevention, and rehabilitative models are accurate. The third topic is particularly important in assessing the individual prevention and rehabilitative models, as both rely on preventive interventions to succeed.Less
This chapter reviews current research in relation to three topics: the biopsychosocial differences between juveniles and adults; the risk factors associated with juvenile offending; and the efficacy of interventions designed to reduce juvenile crime. Studying the first two subjects is crucial to figuring out whether the assumptions underlying the retributive, individual prevention, and rehabilitative models are accurate. The third topic is particularly important in assessing the individual prevention and rehabilitative models, as both rely on preventive interventions to succeed.
Francis Wing-lin Lee
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028801
- eISBN:
- 9789882207226
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028801.003.0012
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
In this chapter, three particular studies regarding juvenile delinquency and justice are analyzed. The first study, “Research on Social Causes of Juvenile Crime,” is the most current research that ...
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In this chapter, three particular studies regarding juvenile delinquency and justice are analyzed. The first study, “Research on Social Causes of Juvenile Crime,” is the most current research that looks into social causes of juvenile crime. It was commissioned by the Security Bureau. The second study is entitled “Culturally Specific Causes of Delinquency: Implication for Juvenile Justice in Hong Kong” and it accounts for culturally specific questions. As the Chinese account for more than 90 percent of the population in Hong Kong, this may be perceived as a cause for delinquency. The last study, “ Pathways to Delinquency in Hong Kong,” identifies some of the pathways in which early interventions may be formulated for youth crime prevention.Less
In this chapter, three particular studies regarding juvenile delinquency and justice are analyzed. The first study, “Research on Social Causes of Juvenile Crime,” is the most current research that looks into social causes of juvenile crime. It was commissioned by the Security Bureau. The second study is entitled “Culturally Specific Causes of Delinquency: Implication for Juvenile Justice in Hong Kong” and it accounts for culturally specific questions. As the Chinese account for more than 90 percent of the population in Hong Kong, this may be perceived as a cause for delinquency. The last study, “ Pathways to Delinquency in Hong Kong,” identifies some of the pathways in which early interventions may be formulated for youth crime prevention.
Steven D. Levitt and Lance Lochner
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226310138
- eISBN:
- 9780226309972
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226309972.003.0008
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Behavioural Economics
This chapter examines the issue of juvenile crime in the United States. After laying out the basic facts and trends relevant to youth crime over the last three decades, it considers both the social ...
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This chapter examines the issue of juvenile crime in the United States. After laying out the basic facts and trends relevant to youth crime over the last three decades, it considers both the social costs of youth crime and the personal risks and costs borne by the criminals themselves. It then presents three new sets of estimates that shed light on the issue. The first set of regressions uses the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) to explore the correlates of crime at the individual level. The second analysis focuses on census-tract-level homicide data for the city of Chicago over a thirty-year period. These data provide a means of better understanding the influence of social factors and local labor market conditions on crime committed by youths. The final data set is a state-level panel covering fifteen years. The state-level analysis is ideal for examining the effect of the criminal justice system (and, to a lesser extent, economic factors).Less
This chapter examines the issue of juvenile crime in the United States. After laying out the basic facts and trends relevant to youth crime over the last three decades, it considers both the social costs of youth crime and the personal risks and costs borne by the criminals themselves. It then presents three new sets of estimates that shed light on the issue. The first set of regressions uses the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) to explore the correlates of crime at the individual level. The second analysis focuses on census-tract-level homicide data for the city of Chicago over a thirty-year period. These data provide a means of better understanding the influence of social factors and local labor market conditions on crime committed by youths. The final data set is a state-level panel covering fifteen years. The state-level analysis is ideal for examining the effect of the criminal justice system (and, to a lesser extent, economic factors).
Stefan Pichler and Daniel Römer
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780262019613
- eISBN:
- 9780262314633
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262019613.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
This chapter reviews the literature of juvenile recidivism and provides an in depth analysis of recent evidence from Germany. While the empirical literature shows that transferring juveniles to ...
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This chapter reviews the literature of juvenile recidivism and provides an in depth analysis of recent evidence from Germany. While the empirical literature shows that transferring juveniles to criminal courts typically leads to higher recidivism in the United States, this result might not be generalizable to other legal systems. Based on a unique sample of inmates in Germany and applying both a bivariate probit and a regression discontinuity design, the authors do not find that the application of criminal law increases juvenile recidivism. Rather, the analysis suggests that sentencing adolescents as adults reduces recidivism in Germany.Less
This chapter reviews the literature of juvenile recidivism and provides an in depth analysis of recent evidence from Germany. While the empirical literature shows that transferring juveniles to criminal courts typically leads to higher recidivism in the United States, this result might not be generalizable to other legal systems. Based on a unique sample of inmates in Germany and applying both a bivariate probit and a regression discontinuity design, the authors do not find that the application of criminal law increases juvenile recidivism. Rather, the analysis suggests that sentencing adolescents as adults reduces recidivism in Germany.
Richard E. Redding
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479898800
- eISBN:
- 9781479800308
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479898800.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Family Law
This chapter examines the importance of evidence-based policies and rehabilitative programs. Research shows that adjudicating juveniles in criminal courts and imposing adult sentences produces ...
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This chapter examines the importance of evidence-based policies and rehabilitative programs. Research shows that adjudicating juveniles in criminal courts and imposing adult sentences produces counter-rehabilitative and nondeterrent effects, as documented in two recent comprehensive reports promulgated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the U.S. Department of Justice. Given the clear scientific evidence and the costs to society as well as to offenders of overly punitive responses to juvenile crime, people have the responsibility to persuade the public and policy makers that available evidence-based preventive and rehabilitative programs are effective, worth the cost, and compatible with reasoned and measured punishment. The chapter then suggests evidence-based persuasion techniques in convincing policy makers and the public.Less
This chapter examines the importance of evidence-based policies and rehabilitative programs. Research shows that adjudicating juveniles in criminal courts and imposing adult sentences produces counter-rehabilitative and nondeterrent effects, as documented in two recent comprehensive reports promulgated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the U.S. Department of Justice. Given the clear scientific evidence and the costs to society as well as to offenders of overly punitive responses to juvenile crime, people have the responsibility to persuade the public and policy makers that available evidence-based preventive and rehabilitative programs are effective, worth the cost, and compatible with reasoned and measured punishment. The chapter then suggests evidence-based persuasion techniques in convincing policy makers and the public.
Peter W. Greenwood
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226307190
- eISBN:
- 9780226307237
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226307237.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
One of the most astonishing aspects of juvenile crime is how little is known about the impact of the policies and programs put in place to fight it. The most commonly used strategies and programs for ...
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One of the most astonishing aspects of juvenile crime is how little is known about the impact of the policies and programs put in place to fight it. The most commonly used strategies and programs for combating juvenile delinquency problems primarily rely on intuition and fads. Fortunately, as a result of the promising new research, these deficiencies in our juvenile justice system might quickly be remedied. The book demonstrates here that as crime rates have fallen, researchers have identified more connections between specific risk factors and criminal behavior, while program developers have discovered a wide array of innovative interventions. The result of all this activity, it reveals, has been the revelation of a few prevention models that reduce crime much more cost-effectively than popular approaches such as tougher sentencing, D.A.R.E., boot camps, and “scared straight” programs. This book presents the most promising of these prevention programs, their histories, the quality of evidence to support their effectiveness, the public policy programs involved in bringing them into wider use, and the potential for investments and developmental research to increase the range and quality of programs.Less
One of the most astonishing aspects of juvenile crime is how little is known about the impact of the policies and programs put in place to fight it. The most commonly used strategies and programs for combating juvenile delinquency problems primarily rely on intuition and fads. Fortunately, as a result of the promising new research, these deficiencies in our juvenile justice system might quickly be remedied. The book demonstrates here that as crime rates have fallen, researchers have identified more connections between specific risk factors and criminal behavior, while program developers have discovered a wide array of innovative interventions. The result of all this activity, it reveals, has been the revelation of a few prevention models that reduce crime much more cost-effectively than popular approaches such as tougher sentencing, D.A.R.E., boot camps, and “scared straight” programs. This book presents the most promising of these prevention programs, their histories, the quality of evidence to support their effectiveness, the public policy programs involved in bringing them into wider use, and the potential for investments and developmental research to increase the range and quality of programs.
Nancy E. Dowd
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814721377
- eISBN:
- 9780814721384
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814721377.003.0014
- Subject:
- Law, Family Law
This book proposes a novel kind of justice for kids, one that provides them with opportunities to grow and supports their families and communities while keeping them out of the juvenile justice ...
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This book proposes a novel kind of justice for kids, one that provides them with opportunities to grow and supports their families and communities while keeping them out of the juvenile justice system. It argues that America's juvenile justice system needs to be reconceptualized around children's needs so as to prevent and reduce juvenile crime and at the same time foster healthy child development grounded in evidence-based, effective interventions and systemic restructuring. Drawing on insights from scholars and experts in the field, the book examines various systems, including daycare, foster care, mental health care and special education, and education. It also explores the implications of race, gender, and sexual orientation for juvenile justice; looks at the police and the process of legal socialization; and describes a number of initiatives that exemplify a localized, evidence-based approach to juvenile justice.Less
This book proposes a novel kind of justice for kids, one that provides them with opportunities to grow and supports their families and communities while keeping them out of the juvenile justice system. It argues that America's juvenile justice system needs to be reconceptualized around children's needs so as to prevent and reduce juvenile crime and at the same time foster healthy child development grounded in evidence-based, effective interventions and systemic restructuring. Drawing on insights from scholars and experts in the field, the book examines various systems, including daycare, foster care, mental health care and special education, and education. It also explores the implications of race, gender, and sexual orientation for juvenile justice; looks at the police and the process of legal socialization; and describes a number of initiatives that exemplify a localized, evidence-based approach to juvenile justice.
Kristin Henning
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479898800
- eISBN:
- 9781479800308
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479898800.003.0011
- Subject:
- Law, Family Law
This chapter focuses on the pervasive racial disparities in the existing juvenile justice system. Notwithstanding the growing body of developmental research demonstrating that much of juvenile crime ...
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This chapter focuses on the pervasive racial disparities in the existing juvenile justice system. Notwithstanding the growing body of developmental research demonstrating that much of juvenile crime and delinquency is the product of normal adolescent development, contemporary narratives portraying youth of color as dangerous and irredeemable lead police, probation officers, and prosecutors to reject age as an excuse or mitigation for these youth. Aggressive institutional approaches toward adolescent offending, motivated by explicit or implicit racial bias, thus lead to the disproportionate arrest and prosecution of black and Hispanic youth. The chapter considers reform in prosecutorial decision making at the intake stage as a viable strategy to reduce disproportionate minority contact in the juvenile justice system.Less
This chapter focuses on the pervasive racial disparities in the existing juvenile justice system. Notwithstanding the growing body of developmental research demonstrating that much of juvenile crime and delinquency is the product of normal adolescent development, contemporary narratives portraying youth of color as dangerous and irredeemable lead police, probation officers, and prosecutors to reject age as an excuse or mitigation for these youth. Aggressive institutional approaches toward adolescent offending, motivated by explicit or implicit racial bias, thus lead to the disproportionate arrest and prosecution of black and Hispanic youth. The chapter considers reform in prosecutorial decision making at the intake stage as a viable strategy to reduce disproportionate minority contact in the juvenile justice system.
Carla J. Barrett
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814709467
- eISBN:
- 9780814760048
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814709467.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
This chapter analyzes how the formal label of “Juvenile Offender” came into existence in New York law in 1978. As the first law of its kind in the nation, the passage of New York's Juvenile Offender ...
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This chapter analyzes how the formal label of “Juvenile Offender” came into existence in New York law in 1978. As the first law of its kind in the nation, the passage of New York's Juvenile Offender Law set an early precedent for the routine prosecution of youths as adults. The year 1978 was an election year in New York State, and the issue of juvenile crime and violence became a hotly contested campaign issue, fueled in large part by two murders committed by 15-year-old Willie Bosket. The convergence of these forces—election year politics and juvenile violence—facilitated New York's harsh legislative action. The chapter concludes with an examination of data on indictments in New York City from 1984 to 2004 in discussing demographic trends among youths prosecuted as adults in the city.Less
This chapter analyzes how the formal label of “Juvenile Offender” came into existence in New York law in 1978. As the first law of its kind in the nation, the passage of New York's Juvenile Offender Law set an early precedent for the routine prosecution of youths as adults. The year 1978 was an election year in New York State, and the issue of juvenile crime and violence became a hotly contested campaign issue, fueled in large part by two murders committed by 15-year-old Willie Bosket. The convergence of these forces—election year politics and juvenile violence—facilitated New York's harsh legislative action. The chapter concludes with an examination of data on indictments in New York City from 1984 to 2004 in discussing demographic trends among youths prosecuted as adults in the city.
Sara B. Heller, Brian A. Jacob, and Jens Ludwig
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226115122
- eISBN:
- 9780226115139
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226115139.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
This chapter reviews the existing theory and evidence about how and why government efforts to reduce family- or neighborhood-level poverty might influence aggregate crime rates, and is organized as ...
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This chapter reviews the existing theory and evidence about how and why government efforts to reduce family- or neighborhood-level poverty might influence aggregate crime rates, and is organized as follows. Section 9.2 presents descriptive patterns for poverty and crime, while Section 9.3 provides a conceptual framework that lays out how additional income might affect crime, focusing on juvenile crime. Section 9.4 reviews the available empirical evidence about the relationship between family or neighborhood poverty and crime, particularly how policies designed to change these social conditions affect crime. The final section discusses what is known about how intervention programs would operate at a large scale as well as the difficulties that would arise from trying to substantially expand the scope of these types of programs. It also discusses what is known about the benefits and costs of these types of interventions compared to alternative crime-control efforts, including mass incarceration and human capital interventions. A commentary is included at the end of the chapter.Less
This chapter reviews the existing theory and evidence about how and why government efforts to reduce family- or neighborhood-level poverty might influence aggregate crime rates, and is organized as follows. Section 9.2 presents descriptive patterns for poverty and crime, while Section 9.3 provides a conceptual framework that lays out how additional income might affect crime, focusing on juvenile crime. Section 9.4 reviews the available empirical evidence about the relationship between family or neighborhood poverty and crime, particularly how policies designed to change these social conditions affect crime. The final section discusses what is known about how intervention programs would operate at a large scale as well as the difficulties that would arise from trying to substantially expand the scope of these types of programs. It also discusses what is known about the benefits and costs of these types of interventions compared to alternative crime-control efforts, including mass incarceration and human capital interventions. A commentary is included at the end of the chapter.
Seth G. Sanders
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226115122
- eISBN:
- 9780226115139
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226115139.003.0013
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
This chapter argues that much can be gained by considering teenage childbearing for girls and crime for boys as two variants of antisocial behavior, and contends that the same developmental process ...
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This chapter argues that much can be gained by considering teenage childbearing for girls and crime for boys as two variants of antisocial behavior, and contends that the same developmental process which led boys to grow up willing to violate the social norms necessary to commit crime leads girls to violate the social norms in their own domain. The chapter is organized as follows. section 12.4 then takes a brief look at randomized controlled trials that try to manipulate directly aspects of parent–child interactions. A commentary is included at the end of the chapter.Less
This chapter argues that much can be gained by considering teenage childbearing for girls and crime for boys as two variants of antisocial behavior, and contends that the same developmental process which led boys to grow up willing to violate the social norms necessary to commit crime leads girls to violate the social norms in their own domain. The chapter is organized as follows. section 12.4 then takes a brief look at randomized controlled trials that try to manipulate directly aspects of parent–child interactions. A commentary is included at the end of the chapter.
Mikael Priks
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780262019613
- eISBN:
- 9780262314633
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262019613.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
Hooligan violence plagues many countries. Governments employ police to combat the problem, and while the methods differ, a common feature is that vast resources are spent. This chapter reports recent ...
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Hooligan violence plagues many countries. Governments employ police to combat the problem, and while the methods differ, a common feature is that vast resources are spent. This chapter reports recent evidence on how different types of policing can mitigate hooliganism. It is argued that discriminative police, such as the use of intelligence units and surveillance cameras, should reduce violence. However, indiscriminate policing, i.e., the use of tear gas or jailing groups of hooligans overnight, can backfire. The reason is that leaders of hooligan organizations may respond by letting the individuals least prone to fight exit and instead focus on smaller but more brutal organizations. I also report evidence from two unique natural experiments where a Swedish police intelligence unit was shut down subsequent to the 9/11 terrorist attack and the 2004 Tsunami catastrophe. It is found that hooligan violence increased significantly during these periods.Less
Hooligan violence plagues many countries. Governments employ police to combat the problem, and while the methods differ, a common feature is that vast resources are spent. This chapter reports recent evidence on how different types of policing can mitigate hooliganism. It is argued that discriminative police, such as the use of intelligence units and surveillance cameras, should reduce violence. However, indiscriminate policing, i.e., the use of tear gas or jailing groups of hooligans overnight, can backfire. The reason is that leaders of hooligan organizations may respond by letting the individuals least prone to fight exit and instead focus on smaller but more brutal organizations. I also report evidence from two unique natural experiments where a Swedish police intelligence unit was shut down subsequent to the 9/11 terrorist attack and the 2004 Tsunami catastrophe. It is found that hooligan violence increased significantly during these periods.
