Lynn Bye, Michelle E. Alvarez, Janet Haynes, and Cindy E. Sweigart
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195398496
- eISBN:
- 9780199777402
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195398496.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
Research has shown that truancy is frequently associated with juvenile crime and dropping out of school altogether. With the high dropout rate in the U.S. and the No Child Left Behind Act holding ...
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Research has shown that truancy is frequently associated with juvenile crime and dropping out of school altogether. With the high dropout rate in the U.S. and the No Child Left Behind Act holding schools accountable for their dropout rates, it is essential for school social workers to contribute to their schools' improvement plan in meeting annual yearly progress benchmarks. This book covers best practices in truancy at the community, school, and student/family levels of interventions. It provides a reference guide to research-based programs and truancy program implementation. Beginning with an introduction to the essentials of truancy, its causes and consequences, and state and federal legislation, the authors then give readers a snapshot of what research has shown to work so far and what adaptations might look like in various school settings. Richly detailed case examples illustrate multiple levels of intervention, from the school-wide prevention and general policy levels, to remedial interventions, including culturally competent approaches.Less
Research has shown that truancy is frequently associated with juvenile crime and dropping out of school altogether. With the high dropout rate in the U.S. and the No Child Left Behind Act holding schools accountable for their dropout rates, it is essential for school social workers to contribute to their schools' improvement plan in meeting annual yearly progress benchmarks. This book covers best practices in truancy at the community, school, and student/family levels of interventions. It provides a reference guide to research-based programs and truancy program implementation. Beginning with an introduction to the essentials of truancy, its causes and consequences, and state and federal legislation, the authors then give readers a snapshot of what research has shown to work so far and what adaptations might look like in various school settings. Richly detailed case examples illustrate multiple levels of intervention, from the school-wide prevention and general policy levels, to remedial interventions, including culturally competent approaches.
Ted Gest
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195103434
- eISBN:
- 9780199833887
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195103432.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Violent crime is committed disproportionately by young men, but government never has conducted a coherent, aggressive campaign against serious juvenile delinquency. The fragmentation has been evident ...
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Violent crime is committed disproportionately by young men, but government never has conducted a coherent, aggressive campaign against serious juvenile delinquency. The fragmentation has been evident since the late 1960s, when federal authority was divided between health and justice agencies. A 1974 law created a federal Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) to take charge. The law set progressive standards, but the administration of Ronald Reagan tried to kill the agency in the early 1980s and downgraded it after Congress refused to end funding. The Reagan Justice Department did forge an alliance with the MacArthur Foundation to start a long‐term study of juvenile crime's causes. Meanwhile, a steady increase in arrests of juveniles prompted to require that more teen suspects be tried in adult courts, even when studies showed the tactic ineffective in preventing repeat criminality. Congressional Republicans helped enact a large “juvenile accountability” program designed to provide federal aid to programs that got tough on young lawbreakers. Some measures failed on a broad scale, such as ‘boot camps’ aimed at instilling more discipline in delinquents. Despite many promising crime prevention programs, the Congress under Republicans control starting in 1995 generally refused to fund them. Juvenile crime arrests declined sharply since the mid‐1990s, but there was no solid proof of what caused the change, whether government programs, the improved economy, or a lower number of teens in the population.Less
Violent crime is committed disproportionately by young men, but government never has conducted a coherent, aggressive campaign against serious juvenile delinquency. The fragmentation has been evident since the late 1960s, when federal authority was divided between health and justice agencies. A 1974 law created a federal Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) to take charge. The law set progressive standards, but the administration of Ronald Reagan tried to kill the agency in the early 1980s and downgraded it after Congress refused to end funding. The Reagan Justice Department did forge an alliance with the MacArthur Foundation to start a long‐term study of juvenile crime's causes. Meanwhile, a steady increase in arrests of juveniles prompted to require that more teen suspects be tried in adult courts, even when studies showed the tactic ineffective in preventing repeat criminality. Congressional Republicans helped enact a large “juvenile accountability” program designed to provide federal aid to programs that got tough on young lawbreakers. Some measures failed on a broad scale, such as ‘boot camps’ aimed at instilling more discipline in delinquents. Despite many promising crime prevention programs, the Congress under Republicans control starting in 1995 generally refused to fund them. Juvenile crime arrests declined sharply since the mid‐1990s, but there was no solid proof of what caused the change, whether government programs, the improved economy, or a lower number of teens in the population.
Michael G. Vaughn, Carrie Pettus-Davis, and Jeffrey J. Shook
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199782857
- eISBN:
- 9780199949663
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199782857.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation, Communities and Organizations
The growth of the criminal justice system poses a number of significant problems that require ongoing research efforts by scholars across multiple disciplines. Despite the impact that the criminal ...
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The growth of the criminal justice system poses a number of significant problems that require ongoing research efforts by scholars across multiple disciplines. Despite the impact that the criminal justice system has on client populations served by social workers and related professions, there are few practical sources available to guide research in these settings. Conducting Research in Juvenile and Criminal Justice Settings: Strategies and Issues fills this gap and represents a cutting-edge yet user friendly book that will be of interest not only to researchers but also to graduate students and agency administrators. This book covers major issues in conducting field research with adults and juveniles and using extant and administrative data sources on criminal justice populations. In particular, the chapters explore the many challenges that often arise in criminal justice settings and offer practical strategies to issues such as how to gain and maintain IRB approval, how to manage a project across multiple agencies, courts, and institutions, and how to maintain relationships with key stakeholders. Furthermore, discussion of issues related to planning a research project in adult and juvenile justice settings, including research designs, recruitment, and retention, are delineated. An extensive bibliographic description of data sources, case studies, and research forms and letters is included.Less
The growth of the criminal justice system poses a number of significant problems that require ongoing research efforts by scholars across multiple disciplines. Despite the impact that the criminal justice system has on client populations served by social workers and related professions, there are few practical sources available to guide research in these settings. Conducting Research in Juvenile and Criminal Justice Settings: Strategies and Issues fills this gap and represents a cutting-edge yet user friendly book that will be of interest not only to researchers but also to graduate students and agency administrators. This book covers major issues in conducting field research with adults and juveniles and using extant and administrative data sources on criminal justice populations. In particular, the chapters explore the many challenges that often arise in criminal justice settings and offer practical strategies to issues such as how to gain and maintain IRB approval, how to manage a project across multiple agencies, courts, and institutions, and how to maintain relationships with key stakeholders. Furthermore, discussion of issues related to planning a research project in adult and juvenile justice settings, including research designs, recruitment, and retention, are delineated. An extensive bibliographic description of data sources, case studies, and research forms and letters is included.
Christopher Slobogin and Mark R. Fondacaro
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199778355
- eISBN:
- 9780199895151
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199778355.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Forensic Psychology
First established at the end of the 19th century, the juvenile justice system has long been searching for an effective set of guiding principles. Over the last hundred years, through a series of ...
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First established at the end of the 19th century, the juvenile justice system has long been searching for an effective set of guiding principles. Over the last hundred years, through a series of piecemeal rulings, it has undergone an evolution from its original foundation on the rehabilitation model to the current “get-tough” system that increasingly treats juvenile offenders as adults. At present, there is no overarching theory or model of juvenile justice intervention in this nation or even in any given state. Juvenile justice policy is best characterized as a helter-skelter array, inconsistent across jurisdictions, with no overarching theoretical framework providing guidance. Indeed, the field is desperately in need of a coherent model to serve as a guide to policymaking. In recent years, substantial gains have been made in the relevant knowledge on juveniles and offender treatment. We know more about the cognition and functioning of minors generally, and juvenile offenders specifically, as well as about how they respond to different types of interventions. Public attitudes have softened since the height of the “get-tough” era, and many policymakers are open to new ideas as they recognize that the current system just isn't effective. This book presents a vision for a new juvenile justice system, founded on the evidence at hand and promoting the principles of rehabilitation and reintegration into society. The book develops its own juvenile justice policy proposals effectively by carefully addressing the problems with past policy approaches and recent theoretical contributions, the science underlying the new perspective to be elucidated in the book, and how that science informs the book's perspective. Most helpfully, it provides a detailed description of the proposed new model along with discussion of the procedural rules that should accompany its implementation, and articulation of the way in which the model would work in practice.Less
First established at the end of the 19th century, the juvenile justice system has long been searching for an effective set of guiding principles. Over the last hundred years, through a series of piecemeal rulings, it has undergone an evolution from its original foundation on the rehabilitation model to the current “get-tough” system that increasingly treats juvenile offenders as adults. At present, there is no overarching theory or model of juvenile justice intervention in this nation or even in any given state. Juvenile justice policy is best characterized as a helter-skelter array, inconsistent across jurisdictions, with no overarching theoretical framework providing guidance. Indeed, the field is desperately in need of a coherent model to serve as a guide to policymaking. In recent years, substantial gains have been made in the relevant knowledge on juveniles and offender treatment. We know more about the cognition and functioning of minors generally, and juvenile offenders specifically, as well as about how they respond to different types of interventions. Public attitudes have softened since the height of the “get-tough” era, and many policymakers are open to new ideas as they recognize that the current system just isn't effective. This book presents a vision for a new juvenile justice system, founded on the evidence at hand and promoting the principles of rehabilitation and reintegration into society. The book develops its own juvenile justice policy proposals effectively by carefully addressing the problems with past policy approaches and recent theoretical contributions, the science underlying the new perspective to be elucidated in the book, and how that science informs the book's perspective. Most helpfully, it provides a detailed description of the proposed new model along with discussion of the procedural rules that should accompany its implementation, and articulation of the way in which the model would work in practice.
Ellen D. Wu
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691157825
- eISBN:
- 9781400848874
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691157825.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This book tells of the astonishing transformation of Asians in the United States from the “yellow peril” to “model minorities”—peoples distinct from the white majority but lauded as well-assimilated, ...
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This book tells of the astonishing transformation of Asians in the United States from the “yellow peril” to “model minorities”—peoples distinct from the white majority but lauded as well-assimilated, upwardly mobile, and exemplars of traditional family values—in the middle decades of the twentieth century. As the book shows, liberals argued for the acceptance of these immigrant communities into the national fold, charging that the failure of America to live in accordance with its democratic ideals endangered the country's aspirations to world leadership. Weaving together myriad perspectives, the book provides an unprecedented view of racial reform and the contradictions of national belonging in the civil rights era. It highlights the contests for power and authority within Japanese and Chinese America alongside the designs of those external to these populations, including government officials, social scientists, journalists, and others. It also demonstrates that the invention of the model minority took place in multiple arenas, such as battles over zoot suiters leaving wartime internment camps, the juvenile delinquency panic of the 1950s, Hawaiʻi statehood, and the African American freedom movement. Together, these illuminate the impact of foreign relations on the domestic racial order and how the nation accepted Asians as legitimate citizens while continuing to perceive them as indelible outsiders. By charting the emergence of the model minority stereotype, the book reveals that this far-reaching, politically charged process continues to have profound implications for how Americans understand race, opportunity, and nationhood.Less
This book tells of the astonishing transformation of Asians in the United States from the “yellow peril” to “model minorities”—peoples distinct from the white majority but lauded as well-assimilated, upwardly mobile, and exemplars of traditional family values—in the middle decades of the twentieth century. As the book shows, liberals argued for the acceptance of these immigrant communities into the national fold, charging that the failure of America to live in accordance with its democratic ideals endangered the country's aspirations to world leadership. Weaving together myriad perspectives, the book provides an unprecedented view of racial reform and the contradictions of national belonging in the civil rights era. It highlights the contests for power and authority within Japanese and Chinese America alongside the designs of those external to these populations, including government officials, social scientists, journalists, and others. It also demonstrates that the invention of the model minority took place in multiple arenas, such as battles over zoot suiters leaving wartime internment camps, the juvenile delinquency panic of the 1950s, Hawaiʻi statehood, and the African American freedom movement. Together, these illuminate the impact of foreign relations on the domestic racial order and how the nation accepted Asians as legitimate citizens while continuing to perceive them as indelible outsiders. By charting the emergence of the model minority stereotype, the book reveals that this far-reaching, politically charged process continues to have profound implications for how Americans understand race, opportunity, and nationhood.
Ted Gest
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195103434
- eISBN:
- 9780199833887
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195103432.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
The crime rate in the US has exploded since 1960. Despite decreases in recent years, reported violence in 2001 exceeded the levels of the late 1970s. Government at all levels has tried to address the ...
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The crime rate in the US has exploded since 1960. Despite decreases in recent years, reported violence in 2001 exceeded the levels of the late 1970s. Government at all levels has tried to address the crime problem, with mixed success. Police forces that formerly focused on patrol cars’ responding to citizen calls embraced the proactive approach of community policing; courts set up specialized branches, hearing cases relating to narcotics, guns, and domestic violence; criminal sentences sharply increased, filling prisons and jails with more than 2 million people. Yet, crime rates continue to rise and fall, seemingly without regard to government programs. Strikingly, little evidence has been collected about which anticrime activities are truly effective and which are not. Instead, members of Congress and state legislators, who set the tone for the fight against crime, tend to base their actions on what sounds good in political advertisements rather than what has proved to work through scientific experiment. Still, there are a number of promising ideas in law enforcement, juvenile crime, corrections, and other areas that could help prevent crime if they could obtain adequate financial support.Less
The crime rate in the US has exploded since 1960. Despite decreases in recent years, reported violence in 2001 exceeded the levels of the late 1970s. Government at all levels has tried to address the crime problem, with mixed success. Police forces that formerly focused on patrol cars’ responding to citizen calls embraced the proactive approach of community policing; courts set up specialized branches, hearing cases relating to narcotics, guns, and domestic violence; criminal sentences sharply increased, filling prisons and jails with more than 2 million people. Yet, crime rates continue to rise and fall, seemingly without regard to government programs. Strikingly, little evidence has been collected about which anticrime activities are truly effective and which are not. Instead, members of Congress and state legislators, who set the tone for the fight against crime, tend to base their actions on what sounds good in political advertisements rather than what has proved to work through scientific experiment. Still, there are a number of promising ideas in law enforcement, juvenile crime, corrections, and other areas that could help prevent crime if they could obtain adequate financial support.
John E. B. Myers
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195169355
- eISBN:
- 9780199893348
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195169355.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Crime and Justice
Child abuse and neglect are serious social problems. Preventing maltreatment from occurring and, when prevention fails, intervening to protect children, are vital concerns for policy makers, the ...
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Child abuse and neglect are serious social problems. Preventing maltreatment from occurring and, when prevention fails, intervening to protect children, are vital concerns for policy makers, the public, and professionals in social work, mental health, medicine, nursing, law enforcement, and law. Millions of dollars are spent on the child protection system. Yet, maltreatment continues. To appreciate the strengths and weaknesses of today's child protection system, it is important to understand the historical development of child protection. Part I traces the history of child protection in America from colonial times to the present. With the history in place, Part II begins with an analysis of the numerous causes of child abuse and neglect. Once the causes of maltreatment are revealed, the discussion shifts to roadblocks to reducing maltreatment. Despite roadblocks, progress is possible, and Part II outlines broad strategies for reducing the amount of maltreatment. The book ends with specific recommendations to improve the child protection system, including proposals to strengthen foster care and reform the juvenile court.Less
Child abuse and neglect are serious social problems. Preventing maltreatment from occurring and, when prevention fails, intervening to protect children, are vital concerns for policy makers, the public, and professionals in social work, mental health, medicine, nursing, law enforcement, and law. Millions of dollars are spent on the child protection system. Yet, maltreatment continues. To appreciate the strengths and weaknesses of today's child protection system, it is important to understand the historical development of child protection. Part I traces the history of child protection in America from colonial times to the present. With the history in place, Part II begins with an analysis of the numerous causes of child abuse and neglect. Once the causes of maltreatment are revealed, the discussion shifts to roadblocks to reducing maltreatment. Despite roadblocks, progress is possible, and Part II outlines broad strategies for reducing the amount of maltreatment. The book ends with specific recommendations to improve the child protection system, including proposals to strengthen foster care and reform the juvenile court.
Lisa L. Miller
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195331684
- eISBN:
- 9780199867967
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331684.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Drawing on three datasets of congressional hearings on crime, this chapter offers a picture of the interest group environment at the national level that is decidedly skewed toward government ...
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Drawing on three datasets of congressional hearings on crime, this chapter offers a picture of the interest group environment at the national level that is decidedly skewed toward government bureaucracies, particularly criminal justice agents, and narrow, highly mobilized single-issue citizen groups, for example gun rights advocates and opponents, the National Organization for Women, and the American Civil Liberties Union. The interest group environment is highly delocalized in character and voice, with very few groups representing low-income minorities or the urban poor. This chapter pays particular attention to drugs, crime prevention, juvenile delinquency, and policing as key crime and justice issues that are of particular importance to those most at risk of victimization and finds that urban minorities are largely absent from these policy debates, replaced by police and prosecutors and narrow single-issue citizen groups.Less
Drawing on three datasets of congressional hearings on crime, this chapter offers a picture of the interest group environment at the national level that is decidedly skewed toward government bureaucracies, particularly criminal justice agents, and narrow, highly mobilized single-issue citizen groups, for example gun rights advocates and opponents, the National Organization for Women, and the American Civil Liberties Union. The interest group environment is highly delocalized in character and voice, with very few groups representing low-income minorities or the urban poor. This chapter pays particular attention to drugs, crime prevention, juvenile delinquency, and policing as key crime and justice issues that are of particular importance to those most at risk of victimization and finds that urban minorities are largely absent from these policy debates, replaced by police and prosecutors and narrow single-issue citizen groups.
Francis Wing-lin Lee
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028801
- eISBN:
- 9789882207226
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028801.003.0012
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
In this chapter, three particular studies regarding juvenile delinquency and justice are analyzed. The first study, “Research on Social Causes of Juvenile Crime,” is the most current research that ...
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In this chapter, three particular studies regarding juvenile delinquency and justice are analyzed. The first study, “Research on Social Causes of Juvenile Crime,” is the most current research that looks into social causes of juvenile crime. It was commissioned by the Security Bureau. The second study is entitled “Culturally Specific Causes of Delinquency: Implication for Juvenile Justice in Hong Kong” and it accounts for culturally specific questions. As the Chinese account for more than 90 percent of the population in Hong Kong, this may be perceived as a cause for delinquency. The last study, “ Pathways to Delinquency in Hong Kong,” identifies some of the pathways in which early interventions may be formulated for youth crime prevention.Less
In this chapter, three particular studies regarding juvenile delinquency and justice are analyzed. The first study, “Research on Social Causes of Juvenile Crime,” is the most current research that looks into social causes of juvenile crime. It was commissioned by the Security Bureau. The second study is entitled “Culturally Specific Causes of Delinquency: Implication for Juvenile Justice in Hong Kong” and it accounts for culturally specific questions. As the Chinese account for more than 90 percent of the population in Hong Kong, this may be perceived as a cause for delinquency. The last study, “ Pathways to Delinquency in Hong Kong,” identifies some of the pathways in which early interventions may be formulated for youth crime prevention.
Francis Wing-lin Lee
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028801
- eISBN:
- 9789882207226
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028801.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
The younger generation—those under the age of 25—account for more than a quarter of Hong Kong's population. A much misunderstood group, these people have special characteristics and needs, and some ...
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The younger generation—those under the age of 25—account for more than a quarter of Hong Kong's population. A much misunderstood group, these people have special characteristics and needs, and some are particularly vulnerable. Substance abuse among young people is on the rise, and juveniles make up a third of total arrests every year. Extra effort and attention is required of policy-makers, educators, and social workers to help this group make a positive contribution to society. This book seeks to promote understanding of Hong Kong's younger generation and offers strategies for working with them and their families towards healthy and productive development. Divided into three parts—youth in general, youth-at-risk, and young offenders—the book draws on international literature and empirical studies from within Hong Kong. Its focus is on action, always stressing the practical question of how to build a new model for working effectively with them.Less
The younger generation—those under the age of 25—account for more than a quarter of Hong Kong's population. A much misunderstood group, these people have special characteristics and needs, and some are particularly vulnerable. Substance abuse among young people is on the rise, and juveniles make up a third of total arrests every year. Extra effort and attention is required of policy-makers, educators, and social workers to help this group make a positive contribution to society. This book seeks to promote understanding of Hong Kong's younger generation and offers strategies for working with them and their families towards healthy and productive development. Divided into three parts—youth in general, youth-at-risk, and young offenders—the book draws on international literature and empirical studies from within Hong Kong. Its focus is on action, always stressing the practical question of how to build a new model for working effectively with them.
Shannon A. Moore and Richard C. Mitchell
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199652501
- eISBN:
- 9780191739217
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199652501.003.0014
- Subject:
- Law, Family Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter presents selected preliminary findings from an exploratory, qualitative study that began in 2008 utilizing grounded theory, analytical and methodological procedures to investigate ...
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This chapter presents selected preliminary findings from an exploratory, qualitative study that began in 2008 utilizing grounded theory, analytical and methodological procedures to investigate Canada's compliance with alternative standards for juvenile justice found within numerous United Nations frameworks. This chapter's authors' research aim was twofold: first, to uncover barriers to compliance and secondly, to identify mechanisms to address these impediments. The analytical focus of the study relied on the concept of ‘rights-based restorative justice’, one that integrates the core principles of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and those found within the Basic Principles on the Use of Restorative Justice Programmes in Criminal Matters. Data were organized by contextualizing current statutory and local practices of rights-based restorative justice programming across the country within international legal frameworks, by constant comparison of data to data and data to literature, and by presenting thematic findings elicited from eight key informant interviews through salient quotes.Less
This chapter presents selected preliminary findings from an exploratory, qualitative study that began in 2008 utilizing grounded theory, analytical and methodological procedures to investigate Canada's compliance with alternative standards for juvenile justice found within numerous United Nations frameworks. This chapter's authors' research aim was twofold: first, to uncover barriers to compliance and secondly, to identify mechanisms to address these impediments. The analytical focus of the study relied on the concept of ‘rights-based restorative justice’, one that integrates the core principles of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and those found within the Basic Principles on the Use of Restorative Justice Programmes in Criminal Matters. Data were organized by contextualizing current statutory and local practices of rights-based restorative justice programming across the country within international legal frameworks, by constant comparison of data to data and data to literature, and by presenting thematic findings elicited from eight key informant interviews through salient quotes.
Mark A. Drumbl
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199592654
- eISBN:
- 9780191738807
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199592654.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
The international community's efforts to halt child soldiering have yielded some successes. But this pernicious practice persists. It may shift locally, but it endures globally. Preventative measures ...
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The international community's efforts to halt child soldiering have yielded some successes. But this pernicious practice persists. It may shift locally, but it endures globally. Preventative measures therefore remain inadequate. Former child soldiers experience challenges readjusting to civilian life. Reintegration is complex and eventful. The homecoming is only the beginning. Reconciliation within communities afflicted by violence committed by and against child soldiers is incomplete. Shortfalls linger on the restorative front. Still, conversations about child soldiers mostly involve the same story, told over and over, and repeat the same assumptions, over and over. Current humanitarian discourse sees child soldiers as passive victims, tools of war, vulnerable, psychologically devastated, and not responsible for their violent acts. This perception has come to suffuse international law and policy. Although reflecting much of the lives of child soldiers, this portrayal also omits critical aspects. This book pursues an alternate path by reimagining the child soldier. It approaches child soldiers with a more nuanced and less judgmental mind. It offers a way to think about child soldiers that would invigorate international law, policy, and best practices. Where does this reimagination lead? Not toward retributive criminal trials, but instead toward restorative forms of justice. Toward forgiveness instead of excuse, thereby facilitating reintegration and promoting social repair within afflicted communities. Toward a better understanding of child soldiering, without which the practice cannot be ended. This book also offers fresh thinking on related issues, ranging from juvenile justice, to humanitarian interventions, to the universality of human rights, to the role of law in responding to mass atrocity.Less
The international community's efforts to halt child soldiering have yielded some successes. But this pernicious practice persists. It may shift locally, but it endures globally. Preventative measures therefore remain inadequate. Former child soldiers experience challenges readjusting to civilian life. Reintegration is complex and eventful. The homecoming is only the beginning. Reconciliation within communities afflicted by violence committed by and against child soldiers is incomplete. Shortfalls linger on the restorative front. Still, conversations about child soldiers mostly involve the same story, told over and over, and repeat the same assumptions, over and over. Current humanitarian discourse sees child soldiers as passive victims, tools of war, vulnerable, psychologically devastated, and not responsible for their violent acts. This perception has come to suffuse international law and policy. Although reflecting much of the lives of child soldiers, this portrayal also omits critical aspects. This book pursues an alternate path by reimagining the child soldier. It approaches child soldiers with a more nuanced and less judgmental mind. It offers a way to think about child soldiers that would invigorate international law, policy, and best practices. Where does this reimagination lead? Not toward retributive criminal trials, but instead toward restorative forms of justice. Toward forgiveness instead of excuse, thereby facilitating reintegration and promoting social repair within afflicted communities. Toward a better understanding of child soldiering, without which the practice cannot be ended. This book also offers fresh thinking on related issues, ranging from juvenile justice, to humanitarian interventions, to the universality of human rights, to the role of law in responding to mass atrocity.
Melvin Konner
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199755059
- eISBN:
- 9780199979479
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199755059.003.0026
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Evolutionary Psychology
Dissatisfied with the self-assured genetic-competition models of sociobiology and evolutionary psychology, authors in this volume correctly emphasize the role of plasticity—whether in the form or ...
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Dissatisfied with the self-assured genetic-competition models of sociobiology and evolutionary psychology, authors in this volume correctly emphasize the role of plasticity—whether in the form or service of cultural evolution, gene–culture coevolution, or adaptive play—in the larger evolutionary process; the fact that most conflict is ritualized or playful; and the role of cooperation in muting competition and the possibility that natural selection can operate at the level of the family or the group. These emphases are all to the good, and certainly provide a counterweight to the emphasis on relentless competition and selection at the level of the individual or the gene, although these are not mutually exclusive possibilities.Less
Dissatisfied with the self-assured genetic-competition models of sociobiology and evolutionary psychology, authors in this volume correctly emphasize the role of plasticity—whether in the form or service of cultural evolution, gene–culture coevolution, or adaptive play—in the larger evolutionary process; the fact that most conflict is ritualized or playful; and the role of cooperation in muting competition and the possibility that natural selection can operate at the level of the family or the group. These emphases are all to the good, and certainly provide a counterweight to the emphasis on relentless competition and selection at the level of the individual or the gene, although these are not mutually exclusive possibilities.
David Ambaras
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520245792
- eISBN:
- 9780520932203
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520245792.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
A study of the political, social, and cultural history of juvenile delinquency in modern Japan, this book treats the policing of urban youth as a crucial site for the development of new state ...
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A study of the political, social, and cultural history of juvenile delinquency in modern Japan, this book treats the policing of urban youth as a crucial site for the development of new state structures and new forms of social power. Focusing on the years of rapid industrialization and imperialist expansion (1895 to 1945), it challenges widely held conceptions of a Japan that did not, until recently, experience delinquency and related youth problems. The author reconstructs numerous individual life stories in the worlds of home, school, work, and the streets, and relates the changes that took place during this time of social transformation to the broader processes of capitalist development, nation-state formation, and imperialism.Less
A study of the political, social, and cultural history of juvenile delinquency in modern Japan, this book treats the policing of urban youth as a crucial site for the development of new state structures and new forms of social power. Focusing on the years of rapid industrialization and imperialist expansion (1895 to 1945), it challenges widely held conceptions of a Japan that did not, until recently, experience delinquency and related youth problems. The author reconstructs numerous individual life stories in the worlds of home, school, work, and the streets, and relates the changes that took place during this time of social transformation to the broader processes of capitalist development, nation-state formation, and imperialism.
Christine Kelly
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474427340
- eISBN:
- 9781474476508
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474427340.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
This book explores the history of juvenile justice and the day industrial school movement in 19th-century Scotland.
How did Scotland’s criminal justice system respond to marginalised street children ...
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This book explores the history of juvenile justice and the day industrial school movement in 19th-century Scotland.
How did Scotland’s criminal justice system respond to marginalised street children who found themselves on the wrong side of the law, often for simple vagrancy or other minor offences? The book examines the historical criminalisation of Scotland’s Victorian children, as well as revealing the history and early success of the Scottish day industrial school movement - a philanthropic response to juvenile offending hailed as 'magic' in Charles Dickens’s Household Words.
With case studies ranging from police courts to the High Court of Justiciary, the book offers a lively account of the way children experienced Scotland’s early juvenile justice system.Less
This book explores the history of juvenile justice and the day industrial school movement in 19th-century Scotland.
How did Scotland’s criminal justice system respond to marginalised street children who found themselves on the wrong side of the law, often for simple vagrancy or other minor offences? The book examines the historical criminalisation of Scotland’s Victorian children, as well as revealing the history and early success of the Scottish day industrial school movement - a philanthropic response to juvenile offending hailed as 'magic' in Charles Dickens’s Household Words.
With case studies ranging from police courts to the High Court of Justiciary, the book offers a lively account of the way children experienced Scotland’s early juvenile justice system.
Franklin E. Zimring
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195181166
- eISBN:
- 9780199943302
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195181166.003.0052
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
This chapter identifies some of the key policy choices that must be made in reducing injustices found in American juvenile courts. It argues that reducing the hazards of juvenile court processing may ...
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This chapter identifies some of the key policy choices that must be made in reducing injustices found in American juvenile courts. It argues that reducing the hazards of juvenile court processing may be a better approach to protecting minority youth than just trying to reduce the proportion of juvenile court cases with minority defendants. The chapter is organized into two sections. The first section concerns the conceptual equipment necessary to assess the impact of legal policies on minority populations. The second section attempts to apply the apparatus developed in the first section to discuss recent chapters in juvenile justice law reform: changes in transfer policy, the deinstitutionalization of status offenders, and the embrace of diversion programs.Less
This chapter identifies some of the key policy choices that must be made in reducing injustices found in American juvenile courts. It argues that reducing the hazards of juvenile court processing may be a better approach to protecting minority youth than just trying to reduce the proportion of juvenile court cases with minority defendants. The chapter is organized into two sections. The first section concerns the conceptual equipment necessary to assess the impact of legal policies on minority populations. The second section attempts to apply the apparatus developed in the first section to discuss recent chapters in juvenile justice law reform: changes in transfer policy, the deinstitutionalization of status offenders, and the embrace of diversion programs.
Adam Reich
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520262669
- eISBN:
- 9780520947788
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520262669.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology
This book takes the reader inside a Rhode Island juvenile prison to explore broader questions of how poor, disenfranchised young men come to terms with masculinity and identity. The author, who ...
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This book takes the reader inside a Rhode Island juvenile prison to explore broader questions of how poor, disenfranchised young men come to terms with masculinity and identity. The author, who worked with inmates to produce a newspaper, writes about the young men he came to know, and in the process extends theories of masculinity, crime, and social reproduction into a provocative new paradigm. The book suggests that young men's participation in crime constitutes a game through which they achieve “outsider masculinity.” Once in prison, these same youths are forced to reconcile their criminal practices with a new game and new “insider masculinity” enforced by guards and administrators.Less
This book takes the reader inside a Rhode Island juvenile prison to explore broader questions of how poor, disenfranchised young men come to terms with masculinity and identity. The author, who worked with inmates to produce a newspaper, writes about the young men he came to know, and in the process extends theories of masculinity, crime, and social reproduction into a provocative new paradigm. The book suggests that young men's participation in crime constitutes a game through which they achieve “outsider masculinity.” Once in prison, these same youths are forced to reconcile their criminal practices with a new game and new “insider masculinity” enforced by guards and administrators.
Juliane Fürst
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199575060
- eISBN:
- 9780191595141
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199575060.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter focuses on the youth's consumption of film, music, and fashion, examining non-conformist rather than integrative practices. It highlights the existence among the young of multiple ...
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This chapter focuses on the youth's consumption of film, music, and fashion, examining non-conformist rather than integrative practices. It highlights the existence among the young of multiple notions of Sovietness, some of which — at times unconsciously — challenged official norms and expectations. While nascent Soviet subcultures caused indignation and a mild moral panic, true concern was reserved for juvenile crime.Less
This chapter focuses on the youth's consumption of film, music, and fashion, examining non-conformist rather than integrative practices. It highlights the existence among the young of multiple notions of Sovietness, some of which — at times unconsciously — challenged official norms and expectations. While nascent Soviet subcultures caused indignation and a mild moral panic, true concern was reserved for juvenile crime.
Mary Bruce Webb, Kathryn Dowd, Brenda Jones Harden, John Landsverk, and Mark Testa (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195398465
- eISBN:
- 9780199863426
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195398465.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Health and Mental Health
The landmark National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) study represents the first effort to gather nationally representative data, based on first-hand reports, about the well-being ...
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The landmark National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) study represents the first effort to gather nationally representative data, based on first-hand reports, about the well-being of children and families who encounter the child welfare system. NSCAW's findings offer an unprecedented national source of data that describe the developmental status and functional characteristics of children who come to the attention of child protective services. Much more than a simple history of placements or length of stay in foster care, NSCAW data chart the trajectory of families across service pathways for a multi-dimensional view of their specific needs. The NSCAW survey is longitudinal, contains direct assessments and reports about each child from multiple sources, and is designed to address questions of relations among children's characteristics and experiences, their development, their pathways through the child welfare service system, their service needs, their service receipt, and ultimately, their well-being over time. The topics covered in this book are key to child welfare practice and policy, but are also of compelling interest to other child service sectors such as health, mental health, education, and juvenile justice. The authors of chapters in this volume are esteemed researchers within psychology, social work, economics, and public health. Together they represent the future of child welfare research, showcasing the potential of NSCAW as a valuable resource to the research community, and providing glimpses of how the data can be used to inform practice and policy.Less
The landmark National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) study represents the first effort to gather nationally representative data, based on first-hand reports, about the well-being of children and families who encounter the child welfare system. NSCAW's findings offer an unprecedented national source of data that describe the developmental status and functional characteristics of children who come to the attention of child protective services. Much more than a simple history of placements or length of stay in foster care, NSCAW data chart the trajectory of families across service pathways for a multi-dimensional view of their specific needs. The NSCAW survey is longitudinal, contains direct assessments and reports about each child from multiple sources, and is designed to address questions of relations among children's characteristics and experiences, their development, their pathways through the child welfare service system, their service needs, their service receipt, and ultimately, their well-being over time. The topics covered in this book are key to child welfare practice and policy, but are also of compelling interest to other child service sectors such as health, mental health, education, and juvenile justice. The authors of chapters in this volume are esteemed researchers within psychology, social work, economics, and public health. Together they represent the future of child welfare research, showcasing the potential of NSCAW as a valuable resource to the research community, and providing glimpses of how the data can be used to inform practice and policy.
Kenneth McK. Norrie
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781474444170
- eISBN:
- 9781474490740
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474444170.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This book explores the development of Scottish child protection law from its earliest days in the poor law, tracing the changing assumptions that underlay child protection processes, and the radical ...
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This book explores the development of Scottish child protection law from its earliest days in the poor law, tracing the changing assumptions that underlay child protection processes, and the radical shift of emphasis from private (charitable) endeavour to public (local authority) duty. This book looks at the developing legal processes for removing children from abusive or neglectful environments, explores how child offenders and child victims came to be dealt with in the same processes, and examines the reasons why Scots law has managed to continue to cleave its own procedural path in the contemporary world. It explores both processes and outcomes, explaining how the juvenile court evolved into the children’s hearing, and it examines the substantive continuities between the various orders that could be made over children. The regulation of boarding out and fostering of children is compared with the regulation of institutional care, and the evolution of aftercare provisions is explained. The book also offers an analysis of the (dubious) legal basis for the Imperial practice of sending troubled children to the colonies, as part of a deliberate policy of spreading British “stock” across the world. The final chapter traces the origins and statutory control of the practice of adoption of children, from its days as an informal arrangement through its early manifestation as a minor action changing status to its present position as the most radical order that a court of law can make.Less
This book explores the development of Scottish child protection law from its earliest days in the poor law, tracing the changing assumptions that underlay child protection processes, and the radical shift of emphasis from private (charitable) endeavour to public (local authority) duty. This book looks at the developing legal processes for removing children from abusive or neglectful environments, explores how child offenders and child victims came to be dealt with in the same processes, and examines the reasons why Scots law has managed to continue to cleave its own procedural path in the contemporary world. It explores both processes and outcomes, explaining how the juvenile court evolved into the children’s hearing, and it examines the substantive continuities between the various orders that could be made over children. The regulation of boarding out and fostering of children is compared with the regulation of institutional care, and the evolution of aftercare provisions is explained. The book also offers an analysis of the (dubious) legal basis for the Imperial practice of sending troubled children to the colonies, as part of a deliberate policy of spreading British “stock” across the world. The final chapter traces the origins and statutory control of the practice of adoption of children, from its days as an informal arrangement through its early manifestation as a minor action changing status to its present position as the most radical order that a court of law can make.
