J. E. M. Thirkell, K. Petkov, and S. A. Vickerstaff
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198289791
- eISBN:
- 9780191684760
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198289791.003.0008
- Subject:
- Business and Management, HRM / IR, International Business
The aim of this chapter is to examine the impact of foreign ownership on labour relations. This chapter is based on five cases. The first, Slovcar, from Slovakia, shows how foreign management was ...
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The aim of this chapter is to examine the impact of foreign ownership on labour relations. This chapter is based on five cases. The first, Slovcar, from Slovakia, shows how foreign management was able to introduce managerial practices for restructuring the organization of work which it had not yet tried in its domestic plants whilst retaining the indigenous representational structures. This is followed by the cases of the Hungarian Promed and the Bulgarian Foundry. These are treated as a pair, linked by the fact that a period of joint ownership led to conflicts between the internal and external partners, the termination of the joint venture, and reversion to indigenous ownership. Finally, Hungair and Bosair are considered as a matched pair, distinguished principally by the fact that so far only the first of these has experienced foreign ownership and privatization, whereas in the latter, privatization has been repeatedly deferred. This permits comparison in terms of changes in the development of labour relations in the two cases on the basis of the factual and the counterfactual.Less
The aim of this chapter is to examine the impact of foreign ownership on labour relations. This chapter is based on five cases. The first, Slovcar, from Slovakia, shows how foreign management was able to introduce managerial practices for restructuring the organization of work which it had not yet tried in its domestic plants whilst retaining the indigenous representational structures. This is followed by the cases of the Hungarian Promed and the Bulgarian Foundry. These are treated as a pair, linked by the fact that a period of joint ownership led to conflicts between the internal and external partners, the termination of the joint venture, and reversion to indigenous ownership. Finally, Hungair and Bosair are considered as a matched pair, distinguished principally by the fact that so far only the first of these has experienced foreign ownership and privatization, whereas in the latter, privatization has been repeatedly deferred. This permits comparison in terms of changes in the development of labour relations in the two cases on the basis of the factual and the counterfactual.
Philip C. Brown
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824833923
- eISBN:
- 9780824871710
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824833923.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This book challenges the common understanding of Japanese economic and social history by uncovering diverse landholding practices in early modern Japan. It argues that it was joint landownership of ...
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This book challenges the common understanding of Japanese economic and social history by uncovering diverse landholding practices in early modern Japan. It argues that it was joint landownership of arable land that characterized a few large areas of Japan in the early modern period and even survived in some places down to the late twentieth century. The practice adapted to changing political and economic circumstances and was compatible with increasing farm involvement in the market. Land rights were the product of villages and, to some degree, daimyo policies. Joint ownership structured a number of practices compatible with longer-term investment in and maintenance of arable land. The book provides new perspectives on how villagers organized themselves and their lands, and how their practices were articulated (or were not articulated) to higher layers of administration. It employs an unusually wide array of sources and methodologies: In addition to manuscripts from local archives, it exploits interviews with modern informants who used joint ownership and a combination of modern geographical tools to investigate the degree to which the most common form of joint ownership reflected efforts to ameliorate flood and landslide hazard risk as well as microclimate variation. Further it explores the nature of Japanese agricultural practice, its demand on natural resources, and the role of broader environmental factors—all of which infuse the study with new environmental perspectives and approaches.Less
This book challenges the common understanding of Japanese economic and social history by uncovering diverse landholding practices in early modern Japan. It argues that it was joint landownership of arable land that characterized a few large areas of Japan in the early modern period and even survived in some places down to the late twentieth century. The practice adapted to changing political and economic circumstances and was compatible with increasing farm involvement in the market. Land rights were the product of villages and, to some degree, daimyo policies. Joint ownership structured a number of practices compatible with longer-term investment in and maintenance of arable land. The book provides new perspectives on how villagers organized themselves and their lands, and how their practices were articulated (or were not articulated) to higher layers of administration. It employs an unusually wide array of sources and methodologies: In addition to manuscripts from local archives, it exploits interviews with modern informants who used joint ownership and a combination of modern geographical tools to investigate the degree to which the most common form of joint ownership reflected efforts to ameliorate flood and landslide hazard risk as well as microclimate variation. Further it explores the nature of Japanese agricultural practice, its demand on natural resources, and the role of broader environmental factors—all of which infuse the study with new environmental perspectives and approaches.
Philip C. Brown
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824833923
- eISBN:
- 9780824871710
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824833923.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter explores the diversity of joint ownership practice. Records compiled in the course of preparing for the Meiji Land Tax Reforms of the 1870s show practices that range from a variety of ...
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This chapter explores the diversity of joint ownership practice. Records compiled in the course of preparing for the Meiji Land Tax Reforms of the 1870s show practices that range from a variety of joint ownership regimes to multilayered fragmentation of rights to a single plot. Noted land tax reform scholar Fukushima Masao divided these practices into two broad categories: multilayered land rights and redistributive practices. This diversity in practices challenges some of the widespread beliefs about the relationship between specific rights in land and incentives: the belief that joint ownership necessarily entails inefficient, counterproductive incentive structures as well as beliefs about the relationship between joint ownership and environmental conditions.Less
This chapter explores the diversity of joint ownership practice. Records compiled in the course of preparing for the Meiji Land Tax Reforms of the 1870s show practices that range from a variety of joint ownership regimes to multilayered fragmentation of rights to a single plot. Noted land tax reform scholar Fukushima Masao divided these practices into two broad categories: multilayered land rights and redistributive practices. This diversity in practices challenges some of the widespread beliefs about the relationship between specific rights in land and incentives: the belief that joint ownership necessarily entails inefficient, counterproductive incentive structures as well as beliefs about the relationship between joint ownership and environmental conditions.
Peter Birks
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198299936
- eISBN:
- 9780191685811
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198299936.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Law of Obligations
One of the greatest difficulties encountered by students of property law comes from the English habit of splitting what may in a general way be called ownership into its component parts and making ...
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One of the greatest difficulties encountered by students of property law comes from the English habit of splitting what may in a general way be called ownership into its component parts and making each of them an abstract entity. This chapter gives a simple and general account of ownership, before turning to its most common types of fragmentation. In principle, owners are perfectly free to do nothing at all with the thing: in principle, the law of property imposes no positive duties on an owner. The owner is protected against those who trespass on, interfere with, or take the thing owned; and in English law this protection extends to those who are putative owners. Two other features of ownership are risk and debts. This chapter also discusses co-ownership, of which there are two kinds according to English law: joint ownership and ownership in common. It is very common for people to have property rights that are limited in time. There are two main types: life interest and lease (or bailment).Less
One of the greatest difficulties encountered by students of property law comes from the English habit of splitting what may in a general way be called ownership into its component parts and making each of them an abstract entity. This chapter gives a simple and general account of ownership, before turning to its most common types of fragmentation. In principle, owners are perfectly free to do nothing at all with the thing: in principle, the law of property imposes no positive duties on an owner. The owner is protected against those who trespass on, interfere with, or take the thing owned; and in English law this protection extends to those who are putative owners. Two other features of ownership are risk and debts. This chapter also discusses co-ownership, of which there are two kinds according to English law: joint ownership and ownership in common. It is very common for people to have property rights that are limited in time. There are two main types: life interest and lease (or bailment).
Megan Blomfield
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198791737
- eISBN:
- 9780191834028
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198791737.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter starts by looking at what natural resources are and their place in a theory of justice. It identifies two forms that claims to natural resources tend to take: general claims and ...
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This chapter starts by looking at what natural resources are and their place in a theory of justice. It identifies two forms that claims to natural resources tend to take: general claims and particular claims. General claims are then used to formulate a simple argument to show that natural resources are appropriate objects of egalitarian justice, because they are the subject of equal original claims. There follows a discussion of how best to understand Equal Original Claims, in terms of four understandings of original ownership that are common to Western political philosophy: No Ownership, Joint Ownership, Equal Division, and Common Ownership. No Ownership and Joint Ownership are dismissed on the basis that they are incompatible with Equal Original Claims, leaving Equal Division and Common Ownership as the two remaining contenders.Less
This chapter starts by looking at what natural resources are and their place in a theory of justice. It identifies two forms that claims to natural resources tend to take: general claims and particular claims. General claims are then used to formulate a simple argument to show that natural resources are appropriate objects of egalitarian justice, because they are the subject of equal original claims. There follows a discussion of how best to understand Equal Original Claims, in terms of four understandings of original ownership that are common to Western political philosophy: No Ownership, Joint Ownership, Equal Division, and Common Ownership. No Ownership and Joint Ownership are dismissed on the basis that they are incompatible with Equal Original Claims, leaving Equal Division and Common Ownership as the two remaining contenders.
Philip C. Brown
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824833923
- eISBN:
- 9780824871710
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824833923.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter takes a multilayered approach to the practice of local joint ownership in several regions at both domain and village levels as well as in a broad, national context of Japan. Each level ...
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This chapter takes a multilayered approach to the practice of local joint ownership in several regions at both domain and village levels as well as in a broad, national context of Japan. Each level of analysis—national, regional, local—requires different methods and employs different kinds of data. For instance, it employ daimyo domain-level data to examine two key examples of domain-managed warichi. While domain ordinances may be reasonably complete, serial data on actual practice within the domain is conspicuously limited. Some efforts that call for diachronic analyses therefore draw on documents that represent an incomplete record. Among these sources are notebooks that record the outcome of reallocation of access to land, and the occasional settlements of disputes over redistribution.Less
This chapter takes a multilayered approach to the practice of local joint ownership in several regions at both domain and village levels as well as in a broad, national context of Japan. Each level of analysis—national, regional, local—requires different methods and employs different kinds of data. For instance, it employ daimyo domain-level data to examine two key examples of domain-managed warichi. While domain ordinances may be reasonably complete, serial data on actual practice within the domain is conspicuously limited. Some efforts that call for diachronic analyses therefore draw on documents that represent an incomplete record. Among these sources are notebooks that record the outcome of reallocation of access to land, and the occasional settlements of disputes over redistribution.
Philip C. Brown
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824833923
- eISBN:
- 9780824871710
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824833923.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter discusses the adaptability of joint ownership systems over time. This concept is partly tied to the place of tenants in these regimes. Many early modern and modern cultivators were ...
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This chapter discusses the adaptability of joint ownership systems over time. This concept is partly tied to the place of tenants in these regimes. Many early modern and modern cultivators were either purely tenant farmers or owner tenants who cultivated some lands that they owned outright as well as lands that they rented from others. These two groups represented the vast majority of the agricultural population in late-sixteenth-century to early-twentieth-century Japan. In particular, the chapter examines the case where villagers decided to limit warichiuse to a particular part of the Kawaji village, discontinuing villagewide implementation. Kawaji first implemented warichiright after a 1682 domainwide survey that touched many Echigo villages.Less
This chapter discusses the adaptability of joint ownership systems over time. This concept is partly tied to the place of tenants in these regimes. Many early modern and modern cultivators were either purely tenant farmers or owner tenants who cultivated some lands that they owned outright as well as lands that they rented from others. These two groups represented the vast majority of the agricultural population in late-sixteenth-century to early-twentieth-century Japan. In particular, the chapter examines the case where villagers decided to limit warichiuse to a particular part of the Kawaji village, discontinuing villagewide implementation. Kawaji first implemented warichiright after a 1682 domainwide survey that touched many Echigo villages.
Sarah Song
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- October 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190909222
- eISBN:
- 9780190909253
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190909222.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Chapter 3 turns to political theory to explore the normative foundations of the state’s power over immigration. It examines theories based on (1) the value of cultural and national identity, (2) the ...
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Chapter 3 turns to political theory to explore the normative foundations of the state’s power over immigration. It examines theories based on (1) the value of cultural and national identity, (2) the right to property, (3) freedom of association, and (4) freedom from unwanted obligations. The first three appeal to the value of collective self-determination. On the nationalist view, the fundamental imperative of immigration control is the preservation of culturally distinctive nations. The property argument derives the right of immigration control from the labor of citizens. The freedom-of-association argument regards citizens as parties to associations, such as marriage or a golf club, which have the right to refuse association with nonassociates. The freedom-from unwanted-obligations-argument does not directly engage with the idea of collective self-determination. I argue that each of these theories falls short of providing a convincing theory of state authority over immigration.Less
Chapter 3 turns to political theory to explore the normative foundations of the state’s power over immigration. It examines theories based on (1) the value of cultural and national identity, (2) the right to property, (3) freedom of association, and (4) freedom from unwanted obligations. The first three appeal to the value of collective self-determination. On the nationalist view, the fundamental imperative of immigration control is the preservation of culturally distinctive nations. The property argument derives the right of immigration control from the labor of citizens. The freedom-of-association argument regards citizens as parties to associations, such as marriage or a golf club, which have the right to refuse association with nonassociates. The freedom-from unwanted-obligations-argument does not directly engage with the idea of collective self-determination. I argue that each of these theories falls short of providing a convincing theory of state authority over immigration.
