Adam Seth Levine
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691162966
- eISBN:
- 9781400852130
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691162966.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter describes in greater detail the objective situation facing Americans in four major areas of financial threats: job insecurity, healthcare costs, retirement, and the cost of college. It ...
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This chapter describes in greater detail the objective situation facing Americans in four major areas of financial threats: job insecurity, healthcare costs, retirement, and the cost of college. It analyzes the politics of such threats among the mass public. It examines the extent to which the people who consider such issues important are facing them in their own daily lives, as opposed to a situation in which their concerns are reflective of what others are facing. The data for this chapter are drawn from several sources, including time series data from Gallup beginning in the early 1950s as well as American National Election Study data from the past three decades that (broadly) match the time frame in which the objective situation in these four areas has become more insecure.Less
This chapter describes in greater detail the objective situation facing Americans in four major areas of financial threats: job insecurity, healthcare costs, retirement, and the cost of college. It analyzes the politics of such threats among the mass public. It examines the extent to which the people who consider such issues important are facing them in their own daily lives, as opposed to a situation in which their concerns are reflective of what others are facing. The data for this chapter are drawn from several sources, including time series data from Gallup beginning in the early 1950s as well as American National Election Study data from the past three decades that (broadly) match the time frame in which the objective situation in these four areas has become more insecure.
Duncan Galie
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199230105
- eISBN:
- 9780191710575
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199230105.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
This chapter presents a summary of the dimensions of work quality discussed in the preceding chapters. These include skill levels and skill trends, employer training, task discretion, work-family ...
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This chapter presents a summary of the dimensions of work quality discussed in the preceding chapters. These include skill levels and skill trends, employer training, task discretion, work-family balance, and job insecurity. It then considers their implications for the contrasting arguments about the determinants of work quality discussed in Chapter 1.Less
This chapter presents a summary of the dimensions of work quality discussed in the preceding chapters. These include skill levels and skill trends, employer training, task discretion, work-family balance, and job insecurity. It then considers their implications for the contrasting arguments about the determinants of work quality discussed in Chapter 1.
Adam Seth Levine
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691162966
- eISBN:
- 9781400852130
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691162966.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter sets the stage for the remainder of the book by examining the types of political organizations most likely to mobilize individual citizens concerned about job insecurity, healthcare ...
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This chapter sets the stage for the remainder of the book by examining the types of political organizations most likely to mobilize individual citizens concerned about job insecurity, healthcare costs, retirement insecurity, and college costs. Part of this discussion involves identifying the types of barriers that must be overcome when forming such organizations. Another part involves identifying examples of organizations (including interest groups, parties, and campaigns) that are most likely to overcome them. This latter part of the discussion is situated historically, showing how the types of organizations most likely to mobilize people facing material concerns have changed over time. The chapter also describes how these groups seek to engage individual citizens in the cause, including depending upon them to devote time and money.Less
This chapter sets the stage for the remainder of the book by examining the types of political organizations most likely to mobilize individual citizens concerned about job insecurity, healthcare costs, retirement insecurity, and college costs. Part of this discussion involves identifying the types of barriers that must be overcome when forming such organizations. Another part involves identifying examples of organizations (including interest groups, parties, and campaigns) that are most likely to overcome them. This latter part of the discussion is situated historically, showing how the types of organizations most likely to mobilize people facing material concerns have changed over time. The chapter also describes how these groups seek to engage individual citizens in the cause, including depending upon them to devote time and money.
Michael Dennis
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813032917
- eISBN:
- 9780813038407
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813032917.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
The dominant reality for office workers from Richmond to Roanoke was insecurity. The possibility of being laid off or simply eliminated as a result of corporate restructuring burrowed deeply into the ...
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The dominant reality for office workers from Richmond to Roanoke was insecurity. The possibility of being laid off or simply eliminated as a result of corporate restructuring burrowed deeply into the subconscious of Virginia's workers in the new Gilded Age. It created an atmosphere of profound social anxiety, one that was no less intense because it happened in Virginia. There was nothing peculiarly southern about the economic forces that were transforming career-minded people into temporary, part-time, and contract workers. What happened to middle managers, secretaries, salespeople, and manufacturing supervisors in Virginia happened to those in Michigan, Ohio, and New York. The economic uncertainties of the new era bound the regions together in a collective experience of reduced hopes, limited expectations, and persistent fears. Yet the recession of 1990/1991 generated a depth of anguish in Virginia that set it apart from its southern counterparts.Less
The dominant reality for office workers from Richmond to Roanoke was insecurity. The possibility of being laid off or simply eliminated as a result of corporate restructuring burrowed deeply into the subconscious of Virginia's workers in the new Gilded Age. It created an atmosphere of profound social anxiety, one that was no less intense because it happened in Virginia. There was nothing peculiarly southern about the economic forces that were transforming career-minded people into temporary, part-time, and contract workers. What happened to middle managers, secretaries, salespeople, and manufacturing supervisors in Virginia happened to those in Michigan, Ohio, and New York. The economic uncertainties of the new era bound the regions together in a collective experience of reduced hopes, limited expectations, and persistent fears. Yet the recession of 1990/1991 generated a depth of anguish in Virginia that set it apart from its southern counterparts.
Gary S. Fields
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199794645
- eISBN:
- 9780199928606
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794645.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Macro- and Monetary Economics, Financial Economics
Many people in the developing world and the great majority in the developed world have little or no knowledge of how people in low- and middle-income countries work. This chapter provides the answer, ...
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Many people in the developing world and the great majority in the developed world have little or no knowledge of how people in low- and middle-income countries work. This chapter provides the answer, presenting specific information about their desire to work, long hours, low earnings per hour, job insecurity, low labor standards, and the like. The chapter concludes with the judgment that what developing countries have is an employment problem, not an unemployment problem, and that policies need to be designed accordingly.Less
Many people in the developing world and the great majority in the developed world have little or no knowledge of how people in low- and middle-income countries work. This chapter provides the answer, presenting specific information about their desire to work, long hours, low earnings per hour, job insecurity, low labor standards, and the like. The chapter concludes with the judgment that what developing countries have is an employment problem, not an unemployment problem, and that policies need to be designed accordingly.
Jeffrey L. Kidder
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449925
- eISBN:
- 9780801462917
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449925.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
Bike messengers are familiar figures in the downtown cores of major cities. Tasked with delivering time-sensitive materials within, they ride in all types of weather, weave in and out of dense ...
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Bike messengers are familiar figures in the downtown cores of major cities. Tasked with delivering time-sensitive materials within, they ride in all types of weather, weave in and out of dense traffic, dodging taxis and pedestrians alike in order to meet tight deadlines. Riding through midtown traffic at breakneck speeds is dangerous work, and most riders do it for very little pay and few benefits. As the courier industry has felt the pressures of first fax machines, then e-mails, and finally increased opportunities for electronic filing of legal “paperwork,” many of those who remain in the business are devoted to their job. For these couriers, messengering is the foundation for an all-encompassing lifestyle. This book introduces this messenger subculture, exploring its appeal as well as its uncertainties and dangers. The book shows how many become acclimated to the fast-paced, death-defying nature of the job, often continuing to ride with the same sense of purpose off the clock. In chaotic bike races called alleycats, messengers careen through the city in hopes of beating their peers to the finish line. Some messengers travel the world to take part in these events, and the top prizes are often little more than bragging rights. The work of bike messengers is intense and physically difficult. It requires split-second reflexes, an intimate knowledge of street maps and traffic patterns, and a significant measure of courage in the face of both bodily harm and job insecurity.Less
Bike messengers are familiar figures in the downtown cores of major cities. Tasked with delivering time-sensitive materials within, they ride in all types of weather, weave in and out of dense traffic, dodging taxis and pedestrians alike in order to meet tight deadlines. Riding through midtown traffic at breakneck speeds is dangerous work, and most riders do it for very little pay and few benefits. As the courier industry has felt the pressures of first fax machines, then e-mails, and finally increased opportunities for electronic filing of legal “paperwork,” many of those who remain in the business are devoted to their job. For these couriers, messengering is the foundation for an all-encompassing lifestyle. This book introduces this messenger subculture, exploring its appeal as well as its uncertainties and dangers. The book shows how many become acclimated to the fast-paced, death-defying nature of the job, often continuing to ride with the same sense of purpose off the clock. In chaotic bike races called alleycats, messengers careen through the city in hopes of beating their peers to the finish line. Some messengers travel the world to take part in these events, and the top prizes are often little more than bragging rights. The work of bike messengers is intense and physically difficult. It requires split-second reflexes, an intimate knowledge of street maps and traffic patterns, and a significant measure of courage in the face of both bodily harm and job insecurity.
Paul A. Landsbergis, Marnie Dobson, Anthony D. LaMontagne, BongKyoo Choi, Peter Schnall, and Dean B. Baker
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- November 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190662677
- eISBN:
- 9780190662707
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190662677.003.0017
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter describes sources of stress in the work environment, their adverse effects on the health of workers, and how they are influenced by economic globalization, political systems, laws, ...
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This chapter describes sources of stress in the work environment, their adverse effects on the health of workers, and how they are influenced by economic globalization, political systems, laws, government policies, and the changing labor market. Models of occupational stress, in particular job strain and effort-reward imbalance, are presented. Additional occupational stressors are described, including long work hours, shift work, precarious work and job insecurity, work-family conflict and organizational injustice, including discrimination, harassment, and bullying. The health and safety consequences of exposure to occupational stressors are detailed, including musculoskeletal disorders, acute traumatic injuries, mental disorders (such as depression), health behaviors, and cardiovascular disease and its risk factors (including hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome). Finally, there is a discussion of efforts on work reorganization and job redesign, workplace policies and programs, and laws and regulations designed to reduce occupational stress and improve the health and safety of workers.Less
This chapter describes sources of stress in the work environment, their adverse effects on the health of workers, and how they are influenced by economic globalization, political systems, laws, government policies, and the changing labor market. Models of occupational stress, in particular job strain and effort-reward imbalance, are presented. Additional occupational stressors are described, including long work hours, shift work, precarious work and job insecurity, work-family conflict and organizational injustice, including discrimination, harassment, and bullying. The health and safety consequences of exposure to occupational stressors are detailed, including musculoskeletal disorders, acute traumatic injuries, mental disorders (such as depression), health behaviors, and cardiovascular disease and its risk factors (including hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome). Finally, there is a discussion of efforts on work reorganization and job redesign, workplace policies and programs, and laws and regulations designed to reduce occupational stress and improve the health and safety of workers.
Heather Boushey
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- February 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199781911
- eISBN:
- 9780190252519
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199781911.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter examines the role of the federal government in promoting job security by ensuring that the economy is at full employment. It begins by providing a historical overview of the government's ...
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This chapter examines the role of the federal government in promoting job security by ensuring that the economy is at full employment. It begins by providing a historical overview of the government's role in mitigating job insecurity before turning to a discussion of how unemployment affects job security. It then considers government measures aimed at protecting workers and their families from unemployment and its ripple effects, as well as ensuring workers against unfair dismissal. It also analyzes the trends in employment and unemployment and argues that job security is key to economic security. The chapter concludes by offering suggestions on how the government can ensure job security and full employment, such as by promoting “short-time compensation” or “work-sharing,” reforming the unemployment insurance system to make it more responsive to economic conditions, and implementing trade policies that promote quality jobs.Less
This chapter examines the role of the federal government in promoting job security by ensuring that the economy is at full employment. It begins by providing a historical overview of the government's role in mitigating job insecurity before turning to a discussion of how unemployment affects job security. It then considers government measures aimed at protecting workers and their families from unemployment and its ripple effects, as well as ensuring workers against unfair dismissal. It also analyzes the trends in employment and unemployment and argues that job security is key to economic security. The chapter concludes by offering suggestions on how the government can ensure job security and full employment, such as by promoting “short-time compensation” or “work-sharing,” reforming the unemployment insurance system to make it more responsive to economic conditions, and implementing trade policies that promote quality jobs.
Graham Symon and Johannes Kirsch
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- August 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198785446
- eISBN:
- 9780191827365
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198785446.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, HRM / IR
The resource squeeze and uncertainty exacerbated by marketization can lead to disorganization trends in employment relations and tight management control in the labor process. This chapter presents ...
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The resource squeeze and uncertainty exacerbated by marketization can lead to disorganization trends in employment relations and tight management control in the labor process. This chapter presents findings from interviews with managers, worker representatives, and front-line workers concerning worker voice, pay setting, job insecurity, performance management, professional autonomy, and staff–client interactions. Management control in the labor process is directly related to the quality of the service, since they include the amount of interaction (whether there is a speedup), its nature (whether it is narrowly focused on job outcomes), and its distribution (whether there is creaming and parking). We show that the extent to which these outcomes differ within countries depends on degrees of resource scarcity and uncertainty specific to each market segment.Less
The resource squeeze and uncertainty exacerbated by marketization can lead to disorganization trends in employment relations and tight management control in the labor process. This chapter presents findings from interviews with managers, worker representatives, and front-line workers concerning worker voice, pay setting, job insecurity, performance management, professional autonomy, and staff–client interactions. Management control in the labor process is directly related to the quality of the service, since they include the amount of interaction (whether there is a speedup), its nature (whether it is narrowly focused on job outcomes), and its distribution (whether there is creaming and parking). We show that the extent to which these outcomes differ within countries depends on degrees of resource scarcity and uncertainty specific to each market segment.
Linda L. Magnusson Hanson, Martin Hyde, Holendro Singh Chungkham, and Hugo Westerlund
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447327363
- eISBN:
- 9781447327370
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447327363.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
This chapter discusses how psychosocial factors at work can impact on people's health, and how such factors have been conceptualised and measured by researchers in this field. Psychosocial factors ...
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This chapter discusses how psychosocial factors at work can impact on people's health, and how such factors have been conceptualised and measured by researchers in this field. Psychosocial factors are likely to have gained in relative importance for public health, at least in industrialised welfare states. Interest in the effects of the psychosocial work environment emerged during the 1960s when studies looked at the effects of long working hours or shift work. The scope of the research has since grown to include job insecurity, job demands, control and resources, perceived fairness and organisational justice, coping, leadership practices, threats of violence, and bullying and discrimination. The chapter also introduces stress theory and provides an overview of the major models of occupational stress used to date.Less
This chapter discusses how psychosocial factors at work can impact on people's health, and how such factors have been conceptualised and measured by researchers in this field. Psychosocial factors are likely to have gained in relative importance for public health, at least in industrialised welfare states. Interest in the effects of the psychosocial work environment emerged during the 1960s when studies looked at the effects of long working hours or shift work. The scope of the research has since grown to include job insecurity, job demands, control and resources, perceived fairness and organisational justice, coping, leadership practices, threats of violence, and bullying and discrimination. The chapter also introduces stress theory and provides an overview of the major models of occupational stress used to date.
Jacqueline O'Reilly, Janine Leschke, Renate Ortlieb, Martin Seeleib-Kaiser, and Paola Villa (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190864798
- eISBN:
- 9780190864828
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190864798.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy, Communities and Organizations
Youth transitions to employment and adulthood have become increasingly protracted and precarious. The Great Recession exacerbated these difficulties. The varied European experiences affect young ...
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Youth transitions to employment and adulthood have become increasingly protracted and precarious. The Great Recession exacerbated these difficulties. The varied European experiences affect young people differently in terms of their gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, even in successful countries. Youth Labor in Transition examines young people’s integration into employment, transitions affected by the family and moving away to live independently, and the decisions and consequences of migrating to find work and later returning home. The authors identify some of the key challenges for the future concerning young people not in employment, education, or training (NEETs); overeducation; self-employment; ethnicity; scarring effects; as well as the values and attitudes of young people and how they identify with trade unions. The central concept informing this research is based on a comparative analysis of transitions, policy performance, and learning approaches to overcoming youth unemployment. It illuminates when and how labor market analysis informs policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation based on extensive multimethod empirical research across the European continent. Collectively, the authors illustrate the need to encompass a wider understanding of youth employment and job insecurity by including an analysis of both the sphere of economic production and how it relates to social reproduction of labor if policy intervention is to be effective. Mapping and extensively analyzing these transitions is the result of original empirical analysis drawn from a three-and-a-half-year European Union-funded research project: STYLE—Strategic Transitions for Youth Labour in Europe.Less
Youth transitions to employment and adulthood have become increasingly protracted and precarious. The Great Recession exacerbated these difficulties. The varied European experiences affect young people differently in terms of their gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, even in successful countries. Youth Labor in Transition examines young people’s integration into employment, transitions affected by the family and moving away to live independently, and the decisions and consequences of migrating to find work and later returning home. The authors identify some of the key challenges for the future concerning young people not in employment, education, or training (NEETs); overeducation; self-employment; ethnicity; scarring effects; as well as the values and attitudes of young people and how they identify with trade unions. The central concept informing this research is based on a comparative analysis of transitions, policy performance, and learning approaches to overcoming youth unemployment. It illuminates when and how labor market analysis informs policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation based on extensive multimethod empirical research across the European continent. Collectively, the authors illustrate the need to encompass a wider understanding of youth employment and job insecurity by including an analysis of both the sphere of economic production and how it relates to social reproduction of labor if policy intervention is to be effective. Mapping and extensively analyzing these transitions is the result of original empirical analysis drawn from a three-and-a-half-year European Union-funded research project: STYLE—Strategic Transitions for Youth Labour in Europe.
Hande Inanc
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198712848
- eISBN:
- 9780191781179
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198712848.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History, Public Management
There is a general perception that temporary jobs are of lower quality. However, predictions about the implications of changes in the macroeconomic situation and labour market institutions are not ...
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There is a general perception that temporary jobs are of lower quality. However, predictions about the implications of changes in the macroeconomic situation and labour market institutions are not straightforward. The global economic crisis of 2008–2009 could have led to a further deterioration in the quality of jobs held by temporary workers due to increased employer power. However, an upward shift could have taken place in the quality of temporary jobs. These changes could also have affected particularly strongly those on shorter term contracts, accentuating or reducing the internal divide within the temporary workforce. This chapter evaluates these alternative scenarios drawing on the Skills and Employment Surveys carried out from 1992 to 2012. It finds that casual workers had the lowest job quality, while employees on fixed-term and permanent contracts shared comparable levels of job quality.Less
There is a general perception that temporary jobs are of lower quality. However, predictions about the implications of changes in the macroeconomic situation and labour market institutions are not straightforward. The global economic crisis of 2008–2009 could have led to a further deterioration in the quality of jobs held by temporary workers due to increased employer power. However, an upward shift could have taken place in the quality of temporary jobs. These changes could also have affected particularly strongly those on shorter term contracts, accentuating or reducing the internal divide within the temporary workforce. This chapter evaluates these alternative scenarios drawing on the Skills and Employment Surveys carried out from 1992 to 2012. It finds that casual workers had the lowest job quality, while employees on fixed-term and permanent contracts shared comparable levels of job quality.
Andrew Ross
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814776292
- eISBN:
- 9780814777398
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814776292.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
Is job insecurity the new norm? With fewer and fewer people working in steady, long-term positions for one employer, has the dream of a secure job with full benefits and a decent salary become just ...
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Is job insecurity the new norm? With fewer and fewer people working in steady, long-term positions for one employer, has the dream of a secure job with full benefits and a decent salary become just that—a dream? This book surveys the new topography of the global workplace and finds an emerging pattern of labor instability and uneven development on a massive scale. It looks at what the new landscape of contingent employment means for workers across national, class, and racial lines—from the emerging “creative class” of high-wage professionals to the multitudes of temporary, migrant, or low-wage workers. Developing the idea of “precarious livelihoods” to describe this new world of work and life, the book explores what it means in developed nations—comparing the creative industry policies of the United States, United Kingdom, and European Union, as well as developing countries—by examining the quickfire transformation of China's labor market. It also responds to the challenge of sustainability, assessing the promise of “green jobs” through restorative alliances between labor advocates and environmentalists. The book argues that regardless of one's views on labor rights, globalization, and quality of life, this new precarious and “indefinite life,” and the pitfalls and opportunities that accompany it is likely here to stay and must be addressed in a systematic way. A more equitable kind of knowledge society emerges in these pages—less skewed toward flexploitation and the speculative beneficiaries of intellectual property, and more in tune with ideals and practices that are fair, just, and renewable.Less
Is job insecurity the new norm? With fewer and fewer people working in steady, long-term positions for one employer, has the dream of a secure job with full benefits and a decent salary become just that—a dream? This book surveys the new topography of the global workplace and finds an emerging pattern of labor instability and uneven development on a massive scale. It looks at what the new landscape of contingent employment means for workers across national, class, and racial lines—from the emerging “creative class” of high-wage professionals to the multitudes of temporary, migrant, or low-wage workers. Developing the idea of “precarious livelihoods” to describe this new world of work and life, the book explores what it means in developed nations—comparing the creative industry policies of the United States, United Kingdom, and European Union, as well as developing countries—by examining the quickfire transformation of China's labor market. It also responds to the challenge of sustainability, assessing the promise of “green jobs” through restorative alliances between labor advocates and environmentalists. The book argues that regardless of one's views on labor rights, globalization, and quality of life, this new precarious and “indefinite life,” and the pitfalls and opportunities that accompany it is likely here to stay and must be addressed in a systematic way. A more equitable kind of knowledge society emerges in these pages—less skewed toward flexploitation and the speculative beneficiaries of intellectual property, and more in tune with ideals and practices that are fair, just, and renewable.
Kirsten Sehnbruch
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034751
- eISBN:
- 9780813038186
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034751.003.0007
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
Thus chapter analyzes labor and employment issues, emphasizing the constraints and opportunities that the administration has experienced in this area given the globalized nature of the economy. ...
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Thus chapter analyzes labor and employment issues, emphasizing the constraints and opportunities that the administration has experienced in this area given the globalized nature of the economy. Undoubtedly, Michelle Bachelet has faced increased labor mobilization, due to widespread concerns with job insecurity, low wages, and unemployment. The central questions in this text are why labor issues have become very prominent under the Bachelet administration, and what has the administration done to solve them. Sehnbruch finds the answers to the problems in the nature of Chile's labor market; the labor policy consensus formed in 1990 that still exists today; and the factors that have made this consensus more fragile during the Bachelet administration. Her discussion of the labor market emphasizes the large proportion of the work force that is working without a contract and is not protected by labor laws, as well as the short duration of labor contracts.Less
Thus chapter analyzes labor and employment issues, emphasizing the constraints and opportunities that the administration has experienced in this area given the globalized nature of the economy. Undoubtedly, Michelle Bachelet has faced increased labor mobilization, due to widespread concerns with job insecurity, low wages, and unemployment. The central questions in this text are why labor issues have become very prominent under the Bachelet administration, and what has the administration done to solve them. Sehnbruch finds the answers to the problems in the nature of Chile's labor market; the labor policy consensus formed in 1990 that still exists today; and the factors that have made this consensus more fragile during the Bachelet administration. Her discussion of the labor market emphasizes the large proportion of the work force that is working without a contract and is not protected by labor laws, as well as the short duration of labor contracts.
Elise Giuliano
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801447457
- eISBN:
- 9780801460722
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801447457.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Russian Politics
Demands for national independence among ethnic minorities around the world suggest the power of nationalism. Contemporary nationalist movements can quickly attract fervent followings, but they can ...
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Demands for national independence among ethnic minorities around the world suggest the power of nationalism. Contemporary nationalist movements can quickly attract fervent followings, but they can just as rapidly lose support. This book asks why people with ethnic identities throw their support behind nationalism in some cases but remain quiescent in others. Popular support for nationalism develops as part of the process of political mobilization—a process that itself transforms the meaning of ethnic identity. The book compares sixteen ethnic republics of the Russian Federation, where nationalist mobilization varied widely during the early 1990s despite a common Soviet inheritance. It argues that people respond to nationalist leaders after developing a group grievance. Ethnic grievances develop out of the interaction between people's lived experiences and the specific messages that nationalist entrepreneurs put forward concerning ethnic group disadvantage. The book shows that in Russia, ethnic grievances developed rapidly in certain republics in the late Soviet era when messages articulated by nationalist leaders about ethnic inequality in local labor markets resonated with people's experience of growing job insecurity in a contracting economy. In other republics, where nationalist leaders focused on articulating other issues, such as cultural and language problems facing the ethnic group, group grievances failed to develop, and popular support for nationalism stalled. The book concludes that people with ethnic identities do not form political interest groups primed to support ethnic politicians and movements for national secession.Less
Demands for national independence among ethnic minorities around the world suggest the power of nationalism. Contemporary nationalist movements can quickly attract fervent followings, but they can just as rapidly lose support. This book asks why people with ethnic identities throw their support behind nationalism in some cases but remain quiescent in others. Popular support for nationalism develops as part of the process of political mobilization—a process that itself transforms the meaning of ethnic identity. The book compares sixteen ethnic republics of the Russian Federation, where nationalist mobilization varied widely during the early 1990s despite a common Soviet inheritance. It argues that people respond to nationalist leaders after developing a group grievance. Ethnic grievances develop out of the interaction between people's lived experiences and the specific messages that nationalist entrepreneurs put forward concerning ethnic group disadvantage. The book shows that in Russia, ethnic grievances developed rapidly in certain republics in the late Soviet era when messages articulated by nationalist leaders about ethnic inequality in local labor markets resonated with people's experience of growing job insecurity in a contracting economy. In other republics, where nationalist leaders focused on articulating other issues, such as cultural and language problems facing the ethnic group, group grievances failed to develop, and popular support for nationalism stalled. The book concludes that people with ethnic identities do not form political interest groups primed to support ethnic politicians and movements for national secession.
Jessica Ziparo
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469635972
- eISBN:
- 9781469635989
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469635972.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: Civil War
Chapter 6 addresses female employees’ struggles to keep their positions with the federal government. The number and percentage of women in the federal labor force grew fairly steadily throughout the ...
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Chapter 6 addresses female employees’ struggles to keep their positions with the federal government. The number and percentage of women in the federal labor force grew fairly steadily throughout the 1860s, but insecurity and volatility characterized the federal civil service. During the Civil War and immediate postwar period, departments coped with unpredictable workloads through unsystematic, non-uniform, rapid expansions and contractions of their workforces resulting in short employment periods. At the same time, the press of new applicants was unrelenting. Because much of the basic work women did could be adequately done with relatively little training, some supervisors saw female employees as interchangeable. This atmosphere of uncertainty discouraged collective action and forced female federal employees to utilize aggressive strategies to retain and regain the positions they had become reliant upon. In their attempts to remain employed, women demonstrated strength and self-confidence that seemed to have been gained through their federal employment.Less
Chapter 6 addresses female employees’ struggles to keep their positions with the federal government. The number and percentage of women in the federal labor force grew fairly steadily throughout the 1860s, but insecurity and volatility characterized the federal civil service. During the Civil War and immediate postwar period, departments coped with unpredictable workloads through unsystematic, non-uniform, rapid expansions and contractions of their workforces resulting in short employment periods. At the same time, the press of new applicants was unrelenting. Because much of the basic work women did could be adequately done with relatively little training, some supervisors saw female employees as interchangeable. This atmosphere of uncertainty discouraged collective action and forced female federal employees to utilize aggressive strategies to retain and regain the positions they had become reliant upon. In their attempts to remain employed, women demonstrated strength and self-confidence that seemed to have been gained through their federal employment.
Tim Markham
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719085284
- eISBN:
- 9781781702642
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719085284.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter evaluates the relative merits of a Bourdieusian perspective on journalism and war reporting. It concentrates on the politics underlying the lived aspects of journalism that ‘just are’. ...
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This chapter evaluates the relative merits of a Bourdieusian perspective on journalism and war reporting. It concentrates on the politics underlying the lived aspects of journalism that ‘just are’. It then turns to a reflexive appraisal of Bourdieusian political phenomenology. News values, ethics and journalistic dispositions do not emerge naturally out of the stuff of journalism, but they do have reason. Job insecurity can likewise be seen in terms of strategic positioning or distinction. The Bourdieusian approach to studying journalism clearly has its uses. Pierre Bourdieu is frequently categorised as adjacent to post-structuralist theory. A distinction needs to be drawn between a putative ideology, identity and culture of journalism. The interviews did not run to detailed life histories, but they did seek to establish why entering the journalistic field made sense to a respondent, why it seemed a logical or natural step to take.Less
This chapter evaluates the relative merits of a Bourdieusian perspective on journalism and war reporting. It concentrates on the politics underlying the lived aspects of journalism that ‘just are’. It then turns to a reflexive appraisal of Bourdieusian political phenomenology. News values, ethics and journalistic dispositions do not emerge naturally out of the stuff of journalism, but they do have reason. Job insecurity can likewise be seen in terms of strategic positioning or distinction. The Bourdieusian approach to studying journalism clearly has its uses. Pierre Bourdieu is frequently categorised as adjacent to post-structuralist theory. A distinction needs to be drawn between a putative ideology, identity and culture of journalism. The interviews did not run to detailed life histories, but they did seek to establish why entering the journalistic field made sense to a respondent, why it seemed a logical or natural step to take.
