Naomi E. Chayen, John R. Helliwell, and Edward H. Snell
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199213252
- eISBN:
- 9780191707575
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213252.003.0019
- Subject:
- Physics, Crystallography: Physics
Major increases in brightness are anticipated with the upcoming coherent X‐ray lasers. Extrapolation suggests that a single macromolecule ‘sample’ may be sufficient to generate a measurable X‐ray ...
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Major increases in brightness are anticipated with the upcoming coherent X‐ray lasers. Extrapolation suggests that a single macromolecule ‘sample’ may be sufficient to generate a measurable X‐ray diffraction pattern, a continuous Fourier transform of the molecule giving easier phase determination. The practical difficulties are enormous in the recording of such diffraction patterns, not least the so‐called ‘molecule blow‐up problem’ due to the thermal and radiation blast that a single molecule must take. By taking the exposure at a sufficiently small time‐flash, a few femtoseconds, this may be practical. For 3D structure determination multiple sample orientations are needed. A risk is too few photons in the femtosecond pulse that must be used to take data before sample damage occurs. A nanocluster of molecules would be a way of compensating for that and a ‘jet stream’ of these would lead to powder diffraction patterns rather than single‐molecule patterns.Less
Major increases in brightness are anticipated with the upcoming coherent X‐ray lasers. Extrapolation suggests that a single macromolecule ‘sample’ may be sufficient to generate a measurable X‐ray diffraction pattern, a continuous Fourier transform of the molecule giving easier phase determination. The practical difficulties are enormous in the recording of such diffraction patterns, not least the so‐called ‘molecule blow‐up problem’ due to the thermal and radiation blast that a single molecule must take. By taking the exposure at a sufficiently small time‐flash, a few femtoseconds, this may be practical. For 3D structure determination multiple sample orientations are needed. A risk is too few photons in the femtosecond pulse that must be used to take data before sample damage occurs. A nanocluster of molecules would be a way of compensating for that and a ‘jet stream’ of these would lead to powder diffraction patterns rather than single‐molecule patterns.
Charles D. Bailyn
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691148823
- eISBN:
- 9781400850563
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691148823.003.0003
- Subject:
- Physics, Particle Physics / Astrophysics / Cosmology
This chapter looks at the presence of outflows or jets, a somewhat unexpected feature of accretion flows. There is strong observational evidence that some fraction of the infalling material reverses ...
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This chapter looks at the presence of outflows or jets, a somewhat unexpected feature of accretion flows. There is strong observational evidence that some fraction of the infalling material reverses course near the accreting object and is shot out perpendicularly to the accretion disk. In some cases, narrow collimated beams of emission are observed emerging from the central-most regions of galaxies and continuing across the whole of the galaxy, depositing their energy hundreds of kiloparsecs away from their origin. These phenomena are sometimes described as jets “emerging” from a black hole. This parlance is misleading—the jets do not, and indeed could not, emerge from inside the event horizon. Rather, some mechanism redirects the energy generated by the accretion process into a fraction of the infalling material and provides enough bulk kinetic energy for the material to escape the accretion process before the material enters the event horizon.Less
This chapter looks at the presence of outflows or jets, a somewhat unexpected feature of accretion flows. There is strong observational evidence that some fraction of the infalling material reverses course near the accreting object and is shot out perpendicularly to the accretion disk. In some cases, narrow collimated beams of emission are observed emerging from the central-most regions of galaxies and continuing across the whole of the galaxy, depositing their energy hundreds of kiloparsecs away from their origin. These phenomena are sometimes described as jets “emerging” from a black hole. This parlance is misleading—the jets do not, and indeed could not, emerge from inside the event horizon. Rather, some mechanism redirects the energy generated by the accretion process into a fraction of the infalling material and provides enough bulk kinetic energy for the material to escape the accretion process before the material enters the event horizon.
Richard Coopey and Peter Lyth
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199226009
- eISBN:
- 9780191710315
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199226009.003.0013
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
This chapter explores the development of two ‘high technology’ sectors of the British economy in the post-war period. The chapter is set against the context of the general debate over the relative ...
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This chapter explores the development of two ‘high technology’ sectors of the British economy in the post-war period. The chapter is set against the context of the general debate over the relative decline of the British economy and the specific notion that Britain lagged behind in developing modern science- and technology-based industries. The findings reinforce certain aspects highlighted by critics of Britain's technological effort, for example the stultifying role played by the state, particularly the military, in the progress of the IT and aircraft manufacturing sectors. The state did play a positive role in boosting effort and increasing budgets, but probably directed both industries onto paths where global commercial success was going to be more difficult. Generally, though the chapter highlights the specificity of each case, and each sectors' internal complexities. In jet engine development, for example, it is important to highlight the successful — Rolls-Royce is a good example here — as well as the unsuccessful. Overall, the chapter reflects the book's themes in rejecting simplistic, uni-causal accounts of decline, favouring instead a more nuanced understanding of the role of technology-based industry in Britain's economy in the later 20th century.Less
This chapter explores the development of two ‘high technology’ sectors of the British economy in the post-war period. The chapter is set against the context of the general debate over the relative decline of the British economy and the specific notion that Britain lagged behind in developing modern science- and technology-based industries. The findings reinforce certain aspects highlighted by critics of Britain's technological effort, for example the stultifying role played by the state, particularly the military, in the progress of the IT and aircraft manufacturing sectors. The state did play a positive role in boosting effort and increasing budgets, but probably directed both industries onto paths where global commercial success was going to be more difficult. Generally, though the chapter highlights the specificity of each case, and each sectors' internal complexities. In jet engine development, for example, it is important to highlight the successful — Rolls-Royce is a good example here — as well as the unsuccessful. Overall, the chapter reflects the book's themes in rejecting simplistic, uni-causal accounts of decline, favouring instead a more nuanced understanding of the role of technology-based industry in Britain's economy in the later 20th century.
Vernon W. Ruttan
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195188042
- eISBN:
- 9780199783410
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195188047.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The aircraft industry was unique among modern U.S. manufacturing industries in that a government research and development organization, the National Committee on Aeronautics (NACA), was established ...
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The aircraft industry was unique among modern U.S. manufacturing industries in that a government research and development organization, the National Committee on Aeronautics (NACA), was established prior to U.S. entry into World War I to conduct research on military and commercial aircraft technology and design. NACA made a series of economically important technical and scientific contributions prior to its absorption into the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) in 1958. Demand for military aircraft during the two world wars played an important role in the development of the aircraft industry and in the transition from the piston-propeller to jet aircraft propulsion system after World War II. The development of a mature commercial jet aircraft technology, epitomized by the Boeing 747 wide-bodied jet, was derivative of a series of military contacts for the design and production by Boeing of a series of military transports.Less
The aircraft industry was unique among modern U.S. manufacturing industries in that a government research and development organization, the National Committee on Aeronautics (NACA), was established prior to U.S. entry into World War I to conduct research on military and commercial aircraft technology and design. NACA made a series of economically important technical and scientific contributions prior to its absorption into the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) in 1958. Demand for military aircraft during the two world wars played an important role in the development of the aircraft industry and in the transition from the piston-propeller to jet aircraft propulsion system after World War II. The development of a mature commercial jet aircraft technology, epitomized by the Boeing 747 wide-bodied jet, was derivative of a series of military contacts for the design and production by Boeing of a series of military transports.
GÜNTHER DISSERTORI, IAN G. KNOWLES, and MICHAEL SCHMELLING
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199566419
- eISBN:
- 9780191708060
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199566419.003.0012
- Subject:
- Physics, Particle Physics / Astrophysics / Cosmology
Due to the different colour charge of quarks and gluons, differences in the fragmentation of the two types of partons are expected. The final state particle multiplicities thus should contain ...
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Due to the different colour charge of quarks and gluons, differences in the fragmentation of the two types of partons are expected. The final state particle multiplicities thus should contain information about the type of the primary particle which initiated the jet. This chapter begins by reviewing theoretical expectations and then discusses experimental results for total multiplicities, particle content, and the momentum flow as characterized by the momentum spectrum and the jet profile. The studies show that the gluon indeed has a larger colour charge than the quark, and allows the determination of relevant energy scales, which govern the evolution of the gluon jet.Less
Due to the different colour charge of quarks and gluons, differences in the fragmentation of the two types of partons are expected. The final state particle multiplicities thus should contain information about the type of the primary particle which initiated the jet. This chapter begins by reviewing theoretical expectations and then discusses experimental results for total multiplicities, particle content, and the momentum flow as characterized by the momentum spectrum and the jet profile. The studies show that the gluon indeed has a larger colour charge than the quark, and allows the determination of relevant energy scales, which govern the evolution of the gluon jet.
GÜNTHER DISSERTORI, IAN G. KNOWLES, and MICHAEL SCHMELLING
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199566419
- eISBN:
- 9780191708060
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199566419.003.0006
- Subject:
- Physics, Particle Physics / Astrophysics / Cosmology
While perturbative QCD deals with free quarks and gluons, experimentally, usually only multi-hadron final states are observed. This chapter focuses on how to extract information about QCD from the ...
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While perturbative QCD deals with free quarks and gluons, experimentally, usually only multi-hadron final states are observed. This chapter focuses on how to extract information about QCD from the observable final states. After explaining the general phenomenology, it discusses the problem of selecting events of a certain class from the set of all the interactions recorded by an experiment. It then defines appropriate observables which are sensitive to the dynamics of QCD. Given such variables, the issues of corrections for detector effects —such as finite acceptance, efficiency and resolution, hadronization corrections, which go back from the observable hadron level to the theoretically accessible parton level, and systematic uncertainties — are addressed. The analysis strategies are illustrated by the examples of structure function measurements from deep inelastic scattering, jet cross sections in proton-antiproton collisions, and the determination of jet rates in electron-positron annihilation.Less
While perturbative QCD deals with free quarks and gluons, experimentally, usually only multi-hadron final states are observed. This chapter focuses on how to extract information about QCD from the observable final states. After explaining the general phenomenology, it discusses the problem of selecting events of a certain class from the set of all the interactions recorded by an experiment. It then defines appropriate observables which are sensitive to the dynamics of QCD. Given such variables, the issues of corrections for detector effects —such as finite acceptance, efficiency and resolution, hadronization corrections, which go back from the observable hadron level to the theoretically accessible parton level, and systematic uncertainties — are addressed. The analysis strategies are illustrated by the examples of structure function measurements from deep inelastic scattering, jet cross sections in proton-antiproton collisions, and the determination of jet rates in electron-positron annihilation.
GÜNTHER DISSERTORI, IAN G. KNOWLES, and MICHAEL SCHMELLING
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199566419
- eISBN:
- 9780191708060
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199566419.003.0010
- Subject:
- Physics, Particle Physics / Astrophysics / Cosmology
This chapter examines the QCD lagrangian, focusing on the gauge group governing the dynamics of strong interactions. Experiments are described which verify that QCD is based on the gauge group SU(3). ...
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This chapter examines the QCD lagrangian, focusing on the gauge group governing the dynamics of strong interactions. Experiments are described which verify that QCD is based on the gauge group SU(3). After explaining how the so-called colour factors allow pinpointing of the gauge symmetry, experimental observables sensitive to the colour factors are introduced and experimental distributions are compared to theoretical predictions. The results show that the dynamics of QCD are consistent with the expected SU(3) symmetry, the correct ratio of the strengths of the quark-gluon to the gluon-gluon coupling, and the number of colour states of the gluon. The results are also interpreted as a limit on the mass of the gluino, the supersymmetric partner of the gluon.Less
This chapter examines the QCD lagrangian, focusing on the gauge group governing the dynamics of strong interactions. Experiments are described which verify that QCD is based on the gauge group SU(3). After explaining how the so-called colour factors allow pinpointing of the gauge symmetry, experimental observables sensitive to the colour factors are introduced and experimental distributions are compared to theoretical predictions. The results show that the dynamics of QCD are consistent with the expected SU(3) symmetry, the correct ratio of the strengths of the quark-gluon to the gluon-gluon coupling, and the number of colour states of the gluon. The results are also interpreted as a limit on the mass of the gluino, the supersymmetric partner of the gluon.
Andrew P. Ingersoll
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691145044
- eISBN:
- 9781400848232
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691145044.003.0008
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Climate
This chapter examines the effect of winds on Jupiter's weather. The Great Red Spot is an atmospheric structure—a storm—that is free to move about under the laws of fluid dynamics. On Earth, these ...
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This chapter examines the effect of winds on Jupiter's weather. The Great Red Spot is an atmospheric structure—a storm—that is free to move about under the laws of fluid dynamics. On Earth, these laws lead to turbulence, chaos, and limited predictability. By comparison, the Red Spot is well behaved. It stays in one latitude band, rolling like a ball bearing between two conveyor belts—a westward current to the north and an eastward current to the south. All the large-scale features are remarkably constant. Atmospheric scientists during the Voyager encounter were surprised by the areas outside the Red Spot and the three white ovals—formerly featureless areas that had become turbulent convective regions. The chapter first provides an overview of long-range weather forecasting on Jupiter before discussing the dynamics of rotating fluids, momentum transfer by eddies, stability of zonal jets, geostrophic balance, vorticity, and abyssal weather.Less
This chapter examines the effect of winds on Jupiter's weather. The Great Red Spot is an atmospheric structure—a storm—that is free to move about under the laws of fluid dynamics. On Earth, these laws lead to turbulence, chaos, and limited predictability. By comparison, the Red Spot is well behaved. It stays in one latitude band, rolling like a ball bearing between two conveyor belts—a westward current to the north and an eastward current to the south. All the large-scale features are remarkably constant. Atmospheric scientists during the Voyager encounter were surprised by the areas outside the Red Spot and the three white ovals—formerly featureless areas that had become turbulent convective regions. The chapter first provides an overview of long-range weather forecasting on Jupiter before discussing the dynamics of rotating fluids, momentum transfer by eddies, stability of zonal jets, geostrophic balance, vorticity, and abyssal weather.
William R. Clark and Michael Grunstein
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195178005
- eISBN:
- 9780199893331
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195178005.003.0006
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
Like all living things, plants or animals, humans are governed by time, specifically by idiosyncratic biological clocks. They measure both daily and yearly activities in essentially all living ...
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Like all living things, plants or animals, humans are governed by time, specifically by idiosyncratic biological clocks. They measure both daily and yearly activities in essentially all living things. These clocks regulate sleep, eating, mating, and many other life-associated behaviors. But where are biological clocks to be found? How do they work? Clocks are at the heart of modern-day phenomena such as jet lag. How did the evolutionary history of clocks cause this? We now know that clocks are centered in the brain, and they are constantly being set and adjusted in response to external light. But even single-cell organisms without eyes or brains can measure time. An analysis of organisms as diverse as mold, fruit flies, mice, and humans has allowed us to dissect biological clocks in great detail, and to define the genes responsible for this important regulator of human behavior.Less
Like all living things, plants or animals, humans are governed by time, specifically by idiosyncratic biological clocks. They measure both daily and yearly activities in essentially all living things. These clocks regulate sleep, eating, mating, and many other life-associated behaviors. But where are biological clocks to be found? How do they work? Clocks are at the heart of modern-day phenomena such as jet lag. How did the evolutionary history of clocks cause this? We now know that clocks are centered in the brain, and they are constantly being set and adjusted in response to external light. But even single-cell organisms without eyes or brains can measure time. An analysis of organisms as diverse as mold, fruit flies, mice, and humans has allowed us to dissect biological clocks in great detail, and to define the genes responsible for this important regulator of human behavior.
Sacha Davidson, Paolo Gambino, Mikko Laine, Matthias Neubert, and Christophe Salomon (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- August 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198855743
- eISBN:
- 9780191889370
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198855743.001.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Particle Physics / Astrophysics / Cosmology
Effective field theory (EFT) is a general method for describing quantum systems with multiple-length scales in a tractable fashion. It allows us to perform precise calculations in established models ...
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Effective field theory (EFT) is a general method for describing quantum systems with multiple-length scales in a tractable fashion. It allows us to perform precise calculations in established models (such as the standard models of particle physics and cosmology), as well as to concisely parametrize possible effects from physics beyond the standard models. EFTs have become key tools in the theoretical analysis of particle physics experiments and cosmological observations, despite being absent from many textbooks. This volume aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to many of the EFTs in use today, and covers topics that include large-scale structure, WIMPs, dark matter, heavy quark effective theory, flavour physics, soft-collinear effective theory, and more.Less
Effective field theory (EFT) is a general method for describing quantum systems with multiple-length scales in a tractable fashion. It allows us to perform precise calculations in established models (such as the standard models of particle physics and cosmology), as well as to concisely parametrize possible effects from physics beyond the standard models. EFTs have become key tools in the theoretical analysis of particle physics experiments and cosmological observations, despite being absent from many textbooks. This volume aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to many of the EFTs in use today, and covers topics that include large-scale structure, WIMPs, dark matter, heavy quark effective theory, flavour physics, soft-collinear effective theory, and more.
J. D. Hunley
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813031774
- eISBN:
- 9780813038551
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813031774.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter covers rocket development in the United States before, during, and shortly after World War II at what became the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) near Pasadena, California. Topics ...
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This chapter covers rocket development in the United States before, during, and shortly after World War II at what became the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) near Pasadena, California. Topics discussed include the development of jet-assisted takeoff (JATO), the ORDCIT (Ordnance-California Institute of Technology) contract, the Corporal projects, and the JPL management structure.Less
This chapter covers rocket development in the United States before, during, and shortly after World War II at what became the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) near Pasadena, California. Topics discussed include the development of jet-assisted takeoff (JATO), the ORDCIT (Ordnance-California Institute of Technology) contract, the Corporal projects, and the JPL management structure.
Robin Devenish and Amanda Cooper-Sarkar
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198506713
- eISBN:
- 9780191709562
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198506713.003.0010
- Subject:
- Physics, Particle Physics / Astrophysics / Cosmology
This chapter concentrates on those areas of hard scattering in hadron-hadron interactions which are important for the determination of PDFs, or which complement lepton-induced DIS. Because of the ...
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This chapter concentrates on those areas of hard scattering in hadron-hadron interactions which are important for the determination of PDFs, or which complement lepton-induced DIS. Because of the very large momentum transfers involved, high ET jet production in pp or p-pbar interactions probe hadronic structure to very small distance scales. The chapter starts with the basic idea and essential assumptions. The crucial result is factorization, as this enables hard processes to be calculated using QCD matrix elements and PDFs determined from other processes. Much of the initial discussion of detail is focused on Drell–Yan lepton-pair production. This then leads naturally to W and Z production at p-pbar colliders. The core of the chapter concerns high ET jet production in hadron-hadron collisions - a pure QCD process. High ET isolated photon production is treated briefly and the chapter ends with a discussion of the importance of hadron-induced DIS for LHC physics.Less
This chapter concentrates on those areas of hard scattering in hadron-hadron interactions which are important for the determination of PDFs, or which complement lepton-induced DIS. Because of the very large momentum transfers involved, high ET jet production in pp or p-pbar interactions probe hadronic structure to very small distance scales. The chapter starts with the basic idea and essential assumptions. The crucial result is factorization, as this enables hard processes to be calculated using QCD matrix elements and PDFs determined from other processes. Much of the initial discussion of detail is focused on Drell–Yan lepton-pair production. This then leads naturally to W and Z production at p-pbar colliders. The core of the chapter concerns high ET jet production in hadron-hadron collisions - a pure QCD process. High ET isolated photon production is treated briefly and the chapter ends with a discussion of the importance of hadron-induced DIS for LHC physics.
Robin Devenish and Amanda Cooper-Sarkar
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198506713
- eISBN:
- 9780191709562
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198506713.003.0007
- Subject:
- Physics, Particle Physics / Astrophysics / Cosmology
The advantages and disadvantages of various methods of determining the strong coupling αs from DIS data are considered including the use of moments of the measured structure functions and the ...
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The advantages and disadvantages of various methods of determining the strong coupling αs from DIS data are considered including the use of moments of the measured structure functions and the conventional method in which αs is determined in an NLO QCD fit along with the parton momentum densities. The estimation of experimental and theoretical uncertainties is discussed in detail. Various possible extensions to the theoretical framework are summarised. The remaining sections consider jet production at HERA. The importance of using the Breit frame is covered and a brief outline given of the QCD calculation of the dijet cross-section. Jet measures, including the cone and k_T algorithms, which provide the link between the final state hadrons and the underlying partonic structure, are outlined. It is shown that NLO QCD gives a good description of dijet data. Then measurement of αs and the running of αs from jet production rates at large Q2 are discussed.Less
The advantages and disadvantages of various methods of determining the strong coupling αs from DIS data are considered including the use of moments of the measured structure functions and the conventional method in which αs is determined in an NLO QCD fit along with the parton momentum densities. The estimation of experimental and theoretical uncertainties is discussed in detail. Various possible extensions to the theoretical framework are summarised. The remaining sections consider jet production at HERA. The importance of using the Breit frame is covered and a brief outline given of the QCD calculation of the dijet cross-section. Jet measures, including the cone and k_T algorithms, which provide the link between the final state hadrons and the underlying partonic structure, are outlined. It is shown that NLO QCD gives a good description of dijet data. Then measurement of αs and the running of αs from jet production rates at large Q2 are discussed.
Jonathan R. Eller
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780252043413
- eISBN:
- 9780252052293
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252043413.003.0013
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 20th Century Literature
After returning home from Europe in 1978, Bradbury was unable to come to agreement with the Smithsonian over “The Ghosts of Forever,” an animated film fantasy tour of the various Smithsonian museums. ...
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After returning home from Europe in 1978, Bradbury was unable to come to agreement with the Smithsonian over “The Ghosts of Forever,” an animated film fantasy tour of the various Smithsonian museums. Chapter 12 goes on to document how the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 journeys to the outer solar system prompted NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory at Caltech to bring Bradbury back together with his “Mars and the Mind of Man” colleagues Arthur C. Clarke, Carl Sagan, and JPL director Bruce Murray to form the symposium “Jupiter and the Mind of Man.” The chapter also describes the uneven production and mixed reception of the NBC miniseries of The Martian Chronicles, and Bradbury’s Emmy-winning ABC collaboration with Malcolm Clarke on “Infinite Horizons: Space Beyond Apollo.”Less
After returning home from Europe in 1978, Bradbury was unable to come to agreement with the Smithsonian over “The Ghosts of Forever,” an animated film fantasy tour of the various Smithsonian museums. Chapter 12 goes on to document how the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 journeys to the outer solar system prompted NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory at Caltech to bring Bradbury back together with his “Mars and the Mind of Man” colleagues Arthur C. Clarke, Carl Sagan, and JPL director Bruce Murray to form the symposium “Jupiter and the Mind of Man.” The chapter also describes the uneven production and mixed reception of the NBC miniseries of The Martian Chronicles, and Bradbury’s Emmy-winning ABC collaboration with Malcolm Clarke on “Infinite Horizons: Space Beyond Apollo.”
Jonathan R. Eller
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780252043413
- eISBN:
- 9780252052293
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252043413.003.0044
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 20th Century Literature
The digitized copy of The Martian Chronicles, along with many other stories, novels, and science fiction art inspired by the Red Planet, finally reached Mars aboard the Phoenix lander in 2008. ...
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The digitized copy of The Martian Chronicles, along with many other stories, novels, and science fiction art inspired by the Red Planet, finally reached Mars aboard the Phoenix lander in 2008. Chapter 43 describes Bradbury’s final trip to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory the following year, the publication of his last story collection, We’ll Always Have Paris (2008), and the passing of Don Congdon, his agent for more than sixty years. Bradbury had come to measure each story he finished as one more victory over death, but the stories were coming more slowly now. Bradbury’s reflections on mortality during the final decades of his life, and his unfinished plans for a final story collection, close out chapter 43.Less
The digitized copy of The Martian Chronicles, along with many other stories, novels, and science fiction art inspired by the Red Planet, finally reached Mars aboard the Phoenix lander in 2008. Chapter 43 describes Bradbury’s final trip to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory the following year, the publication of his last story collection, We’ll Always Have Paris (2008), and the passing of Don Congdon, his agent for more than sixty years. Bradbury had come to measure each story he finished as one more victory over death, but the stories were coming more slowly now. Bradbury’s reflections on mortality during the final decades of his life, and his unfinished plans for a final story collection, close out chapter 43.
Mary Farquhar
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622090873
- eISBN:
- 9789882206670
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622090873.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This chapter examines Jet Li's celebrity status in relation to the sports and film worlds. It first explores the early basis of Li's fame against the broad backdrop of China's changing sports sector. ...
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This chapter examines Jet Li's celebrity status in relation to the sports and film worlds. It first explores the early basis of Li's fame against the broad backdrop of China's changing sports sector. Li was acclaimed as a wushu champion who won national sports competitions, leading to international performances as his country's ambassador. It then focuses on Jet Li's film image, especially in Shaolin Temple, his film debut. The chapter ends by arguing that Jet Li is now a superstar: a wushu master with few peers among martial arts stars in Chinese or world cinema, and a celebrity whose star image builds bridges between China's past and present and between China and the rest of the world.Less
This chapter examines Jet Li's celebrity status in relation to the sports and film worlds. It first explores the early basis of Li's fame against the broad backdrop of China's changing sports sector. Li was acclaimed as a wushu champion who won national sports competitions, leading to international performances as his country's ambassador. It then focuses on Jet Li's film image, especially in Shaolin Temple, his film debut. The chapter ends by arguing that Jet Li is now a superstar: a wushu master with few peers among martial arts stars in Chinese or world cinema, and a celebrity whose star image builds bridges between China's past and present and between China and the rest of the world.
Hermione Giffard
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226388595
- eISBN:
- 9780226388625
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226388625.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Making jet engines sets out a new account of the central features of invention in the twentieth-century. It shows the consequences of the proposed model by giving a radically new history of the jet ...
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Making jet engines sets out a new account of the central features of invention in the twentieth-century. It shows the consequences of the proposed model by giving a radically new history of the jet engine’s earliest years in Germany, Britain and the United States. By beginning with production, the book’s very structure challenges the traditional way of telling stories of invention. A key change that the book makes is to focus on production and on industry – in other words, to look at jet engines from the perspective of a nation trying to build jet engines for service use. It shows that the jet engine, far from an act of individual genius, was part of Britain’s very modern and industrial, high-tech war effort. In Germany, in contrast, it argues that the jet engine was adopted primarily to ease production requirements rather than as a superior weapon. The jet engines that were deployed during the Second World War emerged from the aero-engine industry, and the jet engine was shaped by the expertise of the firms that produced it. Only some information reached the public about the invention, however, and the public made a particular story from that, which fit the contemporary needs of Britain, Germany and the United States. In offering a new account of invention (and exploring how we tell stories about invention), the book provokes and seeks to answer questions about the historiography of invention including the role of individuals and of uncertainty in technical change.Less
Making jet engines sets out a new account of the central features of invention in the twentieth-century. It shows the consequences of the proposed model by giving a radically new history of the jet engine’s earliest years in Germany, Britain and the United States. By beginning with production, the book’s very structure challenges the traditional way of telling stories of invention. A key change that the book makes is to focus on production and on industry – in other words, to look at jet engines from the perspective of a nation trying to build jet engines for service use. It shows that the jet engine, far from an act of individual genius, was part of Britain’s very modern and industrial, high-tech war effort. In Germany, in contrast, it argues that the jet engine was adopted primarily to ease production requirements rather than as a superior weapon. The jet engines that were deployed during the Second World War emerged from the aero-engine industry, and the jet engine was shaped by the expertise of the firms that produced it. Only some information reached the public about the invention, however, and the public made a particular story from that, which fit the contemporary needs of Britain, Germany and the United States. In offering a new account of invention (and exploring how we tell stories about invention), the book provokes and seeks to answer questions about the historiography of invention including the role of individuals and of uncertainty in technical change.
John W. M. Bush
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199605835
- eISBN:
- 9780191729522
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199605835.003.0002
- Subject:
- Physics, Soft Matter / Biological Physics
This chapter presents a pedagogical discussion of the surface tension and its manifestation in a number of fluid systems. Interfacial boundary conditions are derived and then applied in various ...
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This chapter presents a pedagogical discussion of the surface tension and its manifestation in a number of fluid systems. Interfacial boundary conditions are derived and then applied in various settings. Particular attention is given to highlighting the role of curvature pressure in fluid statics, including fluid menisci and the floating of small bodies at interfaces. Dynamic settings influenced by capillary effects and capillary instability are also highlighted, including fluid jets, sheets, and hydraulic jumps. Marangoni flows (dominated by gradients of surface tension) are also considered, and the role of surface impurities in interfacial flows discussed. Simple mathematical developments are augmented with physical discussion with hopes of improving intuition for this class of problems.Less
This chapter presents a pedagogical discussion of the surface tension and its manifestation in a number of fluid systems. Interfacial boundary conditions are derived and then applied in various settings. Particular attention is given to highlighting the role of curvature pressure in fluid statics, including fluid menisci and the floating of small bodies at interfaces. Dynamic settings influenced by capillary effects and capillary instability are also highlighted, including fluid jets, sheets, and hydraulic jumps. Marangoni flows (dominated by gradients of surface tension) are also considered, and the role of surface impurities in interfacial flows discussed. Simple mathematical developments are augmented with physical discussion with hopes of improving intuition for this class of problems.
Peter V. Nash
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813033679
- eISBN:
- 9780813038711
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813033679.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This chapter focuses on the tactical aspects of logistic support as both the Royal Navy and the U.S. Navy realigned their command structures and operating fleets to meet existing obligations and ...
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This chapter focuses on the tactical aspects of logistic support as both the Royal Navy and the U.S. Navy realigned their command structures and operating fleets to meet existing obligations and anticipated worldwide threats. It explores why and how tactical doctrine for logistic support was refined to cope with the increasingly complex challenges caused by technological advances in carrier development, jet aircraft, and weaponry, all against the constant backdrop of heightened risk from potential enemy fast submarine or air attack. This line of inquiry includes postwar fleet exercises, war-gaming, and trials programs, which provided peaceful means to improve skills, understanding, and the actual equipment associated with replenishment at sea. It concludes by examining how the Korean War logistic experience affected doctrine and why it acted as a catalyst for introducing new technology and ships that would improve both navies' future capability in the art and science of replenishing ships at sea.Less
This chapter focuses on the tactical aspects of logistic support as both the Royal Navy and the U.S. Navy realigned their command structures and operating fleets to meet existing obligations and anticipated worldwide threats. It explores why and how tactical doctrine for logistic support was refined to cope with the increasingly complex challenges caused by technological advances in carrier development, jet aircraft, and weaponry, all against the constant backdrop of heightened risk from potential enemy fast submarine or air attack. This line of inquiry includes postwar fleet exercises, war-gaming, and trials programs, which provided peaceful means to improve skills, understanding, and the actual equipment associated with replenishment at sea. It concludes by examining how the Korean War logistic experience affected doctrine and why it acted as a catalyst for introducing new technology and ships that would improve both navies' future capability in the art and science of replenishing ships at sea.
John Campbell, Joey Huston, and Frank Krauss
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780199652747
- eISBN:
- 9780191749148
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199652747.001.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Particle Physics / Astrophysics / Cosmology
The LHC (Large Hadron Collider) will serve as the energy frontier for high-energy physics for the next 20 years. The highlight of the LHC running so far has been the discovery of the Higgs boson, but ...
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The LHC (Large Hadron Collider) will serve as the energy frontier for high-energy physics for the next 20 years. The highlight of the LHC running so far has been the discovery of the Higgs boson, but the LHC programme has also consisted of the measurement of a myriad of other Standard Model processes, as well as searches for Beyond-the-Standard-Model physics, and the discrimination between possible new physics signatures and their Standard Model backgrounds. Essentially all of the physics processes at the LHC depend on quantum chromodynamics, or QCD, in the production, or in the decay stages, or in both. This book has been written as an advanced primer for physics at the LHC, providing a pedagogical guide for the calculation of QCD and Standard Model predictions, using state-of-the-art theoretical frameworks. The predictions are compared to both the legacy data from the Tevatron, as well as the data obtained thus far from the LHC, with intuitive connections between data and theory supplied where possible. The book is written at a level suitable for advanced graduate students, and thus could be used in a graduate course, but is also intended for every physicist interested in physics at the LHC.Less
The LHC (Large Hadron Collider) will serve as the energy frontier for high-energy physics for the next 20 years. The highlight of the LHC running so far has been the discovery of the Higgs boson, but the LHC programme has also consisted of the measurement of a myriad of other Standard Model processes, as well as searches for Beyond-the-Standard-Model physics, and the discrimination between possible new physics signatures and their Standard Model backgrounds. Essentially all of the physics processes at the LHC depend on quantum chromodynamics, or QCD, in the production, or in the decay stages, or in both. This book has been written as an advanced primer for physics at the LHC, providing a pedagogical guide for the calculation of QCD and Standard Model predictions, using state-of-the-art theoretical frameworks. The predictions are compared to both the legacy data from the Tevatron, as well as the data obtained thus far from the LHC, with intuitive connections between data and theory supplied where possible. The book is written at a level suitable for advanced graduate students, and thus could be used in a graduate course, but is also intended for every physicist interested in physics at the LHC.
