Geoffrey E. Hill
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195323467
- eISBN:
- 9780199773855
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195323467.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Ornithology
The Ivory-billed Woodpecker holds the attention of birders and naturalists like no other species of bird, so it was huge news in 2005 when the Cornell Lab of Ornithology announced that an ...
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The Ivory-billed Woodpecker holds the attention of birders and naturalists like no other species of bird, so it was huge news in 2005 when the Cornell Lab of Ornithology announced that an Ivory-billed Woodpecker had been found and recorded on video along the Cache River. The announcement inspired ornithologist Geoff Hill and two of his research assistants to search some river swamps in south Alabama and the Florida panhandle. A weekend outing turned into a year-long adventure, however, when the little team of explorers found an Ivory-billed Woodpecker along the Choctawhatchee River on the Florida panhandle. Professor and author Geoff Hill gives a first-hand account of the discovery and follow-up search for this rarest and more noble of North American birds. Rather than a bland technical account, Hill conveys the trials and tribulations of chasing a mostly silent and elusive bird through a vast swamp wilderness. As a birder scientist with a knack for telling stories, Hill provides a unique perspective on ivorybill searches, and what does and does not constitute proof of this elusive bird. The story is as much a quest for the last remnants of an American wilderness as it is a search for a rare bird.Less
The Ivory-billed Woodpecker holds the attention of birders and naturalists like no other species of bird, so it was huge news in 2005 when the Cornell Lab of Ornithology announced that an Ivory-billed Woodpecker had been found and recorded on video along the Cache River. The announcement inspired ornithologist Geoff Hill and two of his research assistants to search some river swamps in south Alabama and the Florida panhandle. A weekend outing turned into a year-long adventure, however, when the little team of explorers found an Ivory-billed Woodpecker along the Choctawhatchee River on the Florida panhandle. Professor and author Geoff Hill gives a first-hand account of the discovery and follow-up search for this rarest and more noble of North American birds. Rather than a bland technical account, Hill conveys the trials and tribulations of chasing a mostly silent and elusive bird through a vast swamp wilderness. As a birder scientist with a knack for telling stories, Hill provides a unique perspective on ivorybill searches, and what does and does not constitute proof of this elusive bird. The story is as much a quest for the last remnants of an American wilderness as it is a search for a rare bird.
Rosemary Deem, Sam Hillyard, and Michael Reed
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199265909
- eISBN:
- 9780191708602
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199265909.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management
The nature of Higher Education in the UK has changed over the last three decades. Academics can no longer be said to carry out their work in ‘ivory towers’, as increasing government intervention and ...
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The nature of Higher Education in the UK has changed over the last three decades. Academics can no longer be said to carry out their work in ‘ivory towers’, as increasing government intervention and a growing ‘target culture’ has changed the way they work. Increasingly universities have transformed from ‘communities of scholars’ to ‘workplaces’. The organization and administration of universities has seen a corresponding prevalence of ideas and strategies drawn from the ‘New Public Management’ ideology in response, promoting a more ‘business-focussed’ approach in the management of public services. This book examines the issues that these changes have had on academics, both as the ‘knowledge-workers’ managed, and the ‘manager-academic’. It draws on a study of academics holding management roles in sixteen UK universities, exploring their career histories and trajectories, and providing accounts of their values, practices, relationships with others, and their training and development as managers. Examining debates around ‘New Public Management’, knowledge management, and knowledge workers, the wider implications of these themes for policy innovation and strategy in HE and the public sector more generally are considered, developing a critical response to recent approaches to managing public services, and practical suggestions for improvements which could be made to the training and support of senior and middle managers in universities.Less
The nature of Higher Education in the UK has changed over the last three decades. Academics can no longer be said to carry out their work in ‘ivory towers’, as increasing government intervention and a growing ‘target culture’ has changed the way they work. Increasingly universities have transformed from ‘communities of scholars’ to ‘workplaces’. The organization and administration of universities has seen a corresponding prevalence of ideas and strategies drawn from the ‘New Public Management’ ideology in response, promoting a more ‘business-focussed’ approach in the management of public services. This book examines the issues that these changes have had on academics, both as the ‘knowledge-workers’ managed, and the ‘manager-academic’. It draws on a study of academics holding management roles in sixteen UK universities, exploring their career histories and trajectories, and providing accounts of their values, practices, relationships with others, and their training and development as managers. Examining debates around ‘New Public Management’, knowledge management, and knowledge workers, the wider implications of these themes for policy innovation and strategy in HE and the public sector more generally are considered, developing a critical response to recent approaches to managing public services, and practical suggestions for improvements which could be made to the training and support of senior and middle managers in universities.
Alan Cameron
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199747276
- eISBN:
- 9780199866212
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199747276.003.0020
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Religions
This chapter examines evidence for a pagan reaction in the art as well as the literature of the late 4th century. It looks at the contorniates (bronze medallions produced in the city of Rome from the ...
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This chapter examines evidence for a pagan reaction in the art as well as the literature of the late 4th century. It looks at the contorniates (bronze medallions produced in the city of Rome from the mid-4th to the late 5th century), high-quality silver plate, ivory work, and manuscript illumination. It argues that there was no general classical revival in late 4th-century Rome—certainly nothing that can be associated with pagan rather than Christian members of the elite.Less
This chapter examines evidence for a pagan reaction in the art as well as the literature of the late 4th century. It looks at the contorniates (bronze medallions produced in the city of Rome from the mid-4th to the late 5th century), high-quality silver plate, ivory work, and manuscript illumination. It argues that there was no general classical revival in late 4th-century Rome—certainly nothing that can be associated with pagan rather than Christian members of the elite.
Clapperton Chakanetsa Mavhunga
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262027243
- eISBN:
- 9780262326155
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262027243.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Science, Technology and Environment
In this prologue, the poaching of elephants in Zimbabwe is discussed. In September 2013, “poachers” had massacred more than ninety elephants in one stroke in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe's largest ...
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In this prologue, the poaching of elephants in Zimbabwe is discussed. In September 2013, “poachers” had massacred more than ninety elephants in one stroke in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe's largest game reserve. The massacre occurred at a saltpan inside the game reserve, adjacent to villages in the Pelandaba area of rural Tsholotsho. What shocked the government was not only the numbers killed at once, or that these were ordinary people in villages along the national park's boundaries doing it, but also the “sophisticated” technology they were using. For more than a century, the government had come to associate “poaching” with the traditional wire snares and firearms. There had also been sporadic cases in which villagers laced oranges and watermelons with agricultural pesticides to kill rhinos, and sometimes elephants, but these methods targeted individual animals, not entire herds. This time the poachers use cyanide, which destroys indiscriminately and en masse. The ivory is smuggled out of the country and sold in Asia and the Middle East for around US$17,000 per tusk.Less
In this prologue, the poaching of elephants in Zimbabwe is discussed. In September 2013, “poachers” had massacred more than ninety elephants in one stroke in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe's largest game reserve. The massacre occurred at a saltpan inside the game reserve, adjacent to villages in the Pelandaba area of rural Tsholotsho. What shocked the government was not only the numbers killed at once, or that these were ordinary people in villages along the national park's boundaries doing it, but also the “sophisticated” technology they were using. For more than a century, the government had come to associate “poaching” with the traditional wire snares and firearms. There had also been sporadic cases in which villagers laced oranges and watermelons with agricultural pesticides to kill rhinos, and sometimes elephants, but these methods targeted individual animals, not entire herds. This time the poachers use cyanide, which destroys indiscriminately and en masse. The ivory is smuggled out of the country and sold in Asia and the Middle East for around US$17,000 per tusk.
Philip E. Muehlenbeck
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195396096
- eISBN:
- 9780199932672
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396096.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century, World Modern History
Chapter seven turns its focus to Kennedy’s relationship with conservative African nationalists William Tubman of Liberia and Felix Houphouët-Boigny of the Ivory Coast. It reveals that Kennedy was ...
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Chapter seven turns its focus to Kennedy’s relationship with conservative African nationalists William Tubman of Liberia and Felix Houphouët-Boigny of the Ivory Coast. It reveals that Kennedy was much more interested in courting the radical or Cold War nonaligned African leaders than those who were conservative, staunchly pro-Western, and already committed to the Western camp. Kennedy wagered that the conservative leaders were relics of the past who would soon be replaced by more nationalistic elements.Less
Chapter seven turns its focus to Kennedy’s relationship with conservative African nationalists William Tubman of Liberia and Felix Houphouët-Boigny of the Ivory Coast. It reveals that Kennedy was much more interested in courting the radical or Cold War nonaligned African leaders than those who were conservative, staunchly pro-Western, and already committed to the Western camp. Kennedy wagered that the conservative leaders were relics of the past who would soon be replaced by more nationalistic elements.
Philip E. Muehlenbeck
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195396096
- eISBN:
- 9780199932672
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396096.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century, World Modern History
Much of the history of US-French competition overlooks the intense rivalry between Kennedy and Charles de Gaulle in Africa. Chapter eight sheds light on this rivalry. Africa was an essential ...
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Much of the history of US-French competition overlooks the intense rivalry between Kennedy and Charles de Gaulle in Africa. Chapter eight sheds light on this rivalry. Africa was an essential component of de Gaulle’s plan to restore French grandeur. Although Washington had little to lose from such competition, which had the possibility of weakening France’s global power, Kennedy hoped to block de Gaulle’s plan as revenge for the frustration he was causing Kennedy in Europe.Less
Much of the history of US-French competition overlooks the intense rivalry between Kennedy and Charles de Gaulle in Africa. Chapter eight sheds light on this rivalry. Africa was an essential component of de Gaulle’s plan to restore French grandeur. Although Washington had little to lose from such competition, which had the possibility of weakening France’s global power, Kennedy hoped to block de Gaulle’s plan as revenge for the frustration he was causing Kennedy in Europe.
Hugues Kone
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195102017
- eISBN:
- 9780199854936
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195102017.003.0009
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology
The Ivory Coast's electronic communications system is very strong. This is manifested through the early introduction of a telecommunications industry; the practical application of that industry; and ...
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The Ivory Coast's electronic communications system is very strong. This is manifested through the early introduction of a telecommunications industry; the practical application of that industry; and the dominance of regional and local radio stations, telegraphs, and national television channels. All of this was eventually followed by the establishment of a sound international connections infrastructure. In the advent of technological penetration, equipment was installed in locations where raw materials were readily available. To date, most of the supplies have come from Western countries, especially France. Just after the colonial period, the telecommunications facilities of the Ivory Coast spread out, and became diversified and modernized. However, its management has always been under state monopoly and state administration rules. Policy modifications are suggested in this chapter in order to enhance the quality of domestic access, minimize invoicing errors, eradicate fraud and nonpayment of bills, and encourage effective transmission of information.Less
The Ivory Coast's electronic communications system is very strong. This is manifested through the early introduction of a telecommunications industry; the practical application of that industry; and the dominance of regional and local radio stations, telegraphs, and national television channels. All of this was eventually followed by the establishment of a sound international connections infrastructure. In the advent of technological penetration, equipment was installed in locations where raw materials were readily available. To date, most of the supplies have come from Western countries, especially France. Just after the colonial period, the telecommunications facilities of the Ivory Coast spread out, and became diversified and modernized. However, its management has always been under state monopoly and state administration rules. Policy modifications are suggested in this chapter in order to enhance the quality of domestic access, minimize invoicing errors, eradicate fraud and nonpayment of bills, and encourage effective transmission of information.
Ron Formisano
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780252041273
- eISBN:
- 9780252099878
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252041273.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
Almost all studies of the nation’s extreme inequality of income and wealth have overlooked a critical, overarching cause of the creation of The New Gilded Age. The permanent political class has ...
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Almost all studies of the nation’s extreme inequality of income and wealth have overlooked a critical, overarching cause of the creation of The New Gilded Age. The permanent political class has driven and sustained economic and political inequality not only with the government policies it has crafted over the past four decades. It has created inequality by becoming a self-dealing, self-serving nepotistic oligarchy that is enabling the One Percent and the .01 Percent to create an American aristocracy of wealth.
American Oligarchy describes a multifaceted culture of self-dealing and corruption reaching into every sector of American society. The political class’s direct creation of economic inequality by channeling the flow of income and wealth to elites, has been described extensively; less exposed has been how its self-aggrandizement indirectly—but hidden in plain sight—creates a culture of corruption that infects the entire society.Less
Almost all studies of the nation’s extreme inequality of income and wealth have overlooked a critical, overarching cause of the creation of The New Gilded Age. The permanent political class has driven and sustained economic and political inequality not only with the government policies it has crafted over the past four decades. It has created inequality by becoming a self-dealing, self-serving nepotistic oligarchy that is enabling the One Percent and the .01 Percent to create an American aristocracy of wealth.
American Oligarchy describes a multifaceted culture of self-dealing and corruption reaching into every sector of American society. The political class’s direct creation of economic inequality by channeling the flow of income and wealth to elites, has been described extensively; less exposed has been how its self-aggrandizement indirectly—but hidden in plain sight—creates a culture of corruption that infects the entire society.
PAUL LANE and DOUGLAS JOHNSON
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264423
- eISBN:
- 9780191734793
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264423.003.0026
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter presents a synopsis of the historical evidence concerning the expansion of slavery and the trade in ivory during the Turco-Egyptian era in the Sudan between 1820 and 1881, and a ...
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This chapter presents a synopsis of the historical evidence concerning the expansion of slavery and the trade in ivory during the Turco-Egyptian era in the Sudan between 1820 and 1881, and a description of the results of recent and very preliminary archaeological investigations at three sites associated with this trade around the town of Rumbek in Lakes State, South Sudan. The chapter begins with a brief review of the establishment of Ottoman rule in Egypt, before moving on to consider the broader geopolitical forces that gave rise to the decision by the Egyptian Khedive, Mehmed Ali, to invade Sinnar, Kordofan and adjacent areas of northern Sudan. It then discusses the economic consequences and legal changes following the establishment of Turco-Egyptian rule that helped create the conditions for the expansion of slaving expeditions into southern Sudan and the establishment of a series of fortified camps or zaribas in these areas.Less
This chapter presents a synopsis of the historical evidence concerning the expansion of slavery and the trade in ivory during the Turco-Egyptian era in the Sudan between 1820 and 1881, and a description of the results of recent and very preliminary archaeological investigations at three sites associated with this trade around the town of Rumbek in Lakes State, South Sudan. The chapter begins with a brief review of the establishment of Ottoman rule in Egypt, before moving on to consider the broader geopolitical forces that gave rise to the decision by the Egyptian Khedive, Mehmed Ali, to invade Sinnar, Kordofan and adjacent areas of northern Sudan. It then discusses the economic consequences and legal changes following the establishment of Turco-Egyptian rule that helped create the conditions for the expansion of slaving expeditions into southern Sudan and the establishment of a series of fortified camps or zaribas in these areas.
Jan N. Bremmer and Andrew Erskine
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748637980
- eISBN:
- 9780748670758
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748637980.003.0008
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Religions
This chapter addresses the circumstances surrounding the production of monumental new statues of deities in precious materials (such as gold and ivory) in fifth- and fourth-century B.C. Greece. Most ...
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This chapter addresses the circumstances surrounding the production of monumental new statues of deities in precious materials (such as gold and ivory) in fifth- and fourth-century B.C. Greece. Most famous are the statues of Pheidias—Athena Parthenos and Zeus Olympios—but neither these, nor others (e.g., Aphaia at Aigina, Hera at Argos, Dionysos at Athens, Artemis Laphria at Kalydon) resulted from the needs of new cults. Rather they supplemented older, more venerable statues of lesser materials and/or scale that stood in adjacent temples or even, on occasion, were moved off to the side in the very same temple while the new works received prominent central placement. This chapter seeks to analyze specifically the possible motivations behind and reactions to the supplementation of numinous ancient “cult” statues that often possessed some divine pedigree—such as having fallen from the heavens or been dedicated by a legendary hero—by massive new works fashioned by renowned artists at great expense by mortal artists and explores the role of inter-state competition through the iconography of the precious.Less
This chapter addresses the circumstances surrounding the production of monumental new statues of deities in precious materials (such as gold and ivory) in fifth- and fourth-century B.C. Greece. Most famous are the statues of Pheidias—Athena Parthenos and Zeus Olympios—but neither these, nor others (e.g., Aphaia at Aigina, Hera at Argos, Dionysos at Athens, Artemis Laphria at Kalydon) resulted from the needs of new cults. Rather they supplemented older, more venerable statues of lesser materials and/or scale that stood in adjacent temples or even, on occasion, were moved off to the side in the very same temple while the new works received prominent central placement. This chapter seeks to analyze specifically the possible motivations behind and reactions to the supplementation of numinous ancient “cult” statues that often possessed some divine pedigree—such as having fallen from the heavens or been dedicated by a legendary hero—by massive new works fashioned by renowned artists at great expense by mortal artists and explores the role of inter-state competition through the iconography of the precious.
Henry Chadwick
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198265498
- eISBN:
- 9780191682896
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198265498.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies, Philosophy of Religion
Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius was born into one of the powerful landed families of senatorial rank in fifth-century Italy. Through being taken into Symmachus's household, the young Boethius was ...
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Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius was born into one of the powerful landed families of senatorial rank in fifth-century Italy. Through being taken into Symmachus's household, the young Boethius was brought to a milieu of power and of high culture. Boethius held Symmachus in the utmost awe and affection. Symmachus would naturally have led Boethius on the course of assimilating the highest culture available in the Greek world of his time, in the Greek Neoplatonic schools. In September 1522, Boethius took up the important administrative post of Master of the Offices. Reaction against the Christianizing interpretation of the Consolation of Philosophy, and against the natural Catholic desire to claim so great a man among the Church's confessors, has led to an equally distorted opinion that there was no religious ingredient at all in the tensions that cost Boethius his life.Less
Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius was born into one of the powerful landed families of senatorial rank in fifth-century Italy. Through being taken into Symmachus's household, the young Boethius was brought to a milieu of power and of high culture. Boethius held Symmachus in the utmost awe and affection. Symmachus would naturally have led Boethius on the course of assimilating the highest culture available in the Greek world of his time, in the Greek Neoplatonic schools. In September 1522, Boethius took up the important administrative post of Master of the Offices. Reaction against the Christianizing interpretation of the Consolation of Philosophy, and against the natural Catholic desire to claim so great a man among the Church's confessors, has led to an equally distorted opinion that there was no religious ingredient at all in the tensions that cost Boethius his life.
Marian H. Feldman
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780226105611
- eISBN:
- 9780226164427
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226164427.003.0002
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Asian and Middle Eastern History: BCE to 500CE
The chapter reviews scholarship on Levantine ivories, which has concentrated on the use of stylistic analysis for purposes of attribution and the identification of locations of production. The ...
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The chapter reviews scholarship on Levantine ivories, which has concentrated on the use of stylistic analysis for purposes of attribution and the identification of locations of production. The central role of connoisseurship in this scholarship comes to the fore. The method of connoisseurship derived from Morelli and Berenson is critically analyzed and its early disciplinary relationship to Near Eastern archaeology traced. The question of ivory workshops and our insufficient knowledge of ivory procurement and crafting organizations in the Iron Age Levant are addressed. The stylistic heterogeneity of the Levantine ivories, apparent in stylistic “in-betweens,” proposes a lack of clear stylistic boundaries that is suggestive of networked practices rather than isolated production loci.Less
The chapter reviews scholarship on Levantine ivories, which has concentrated on the use of stylistic analysis for purposes of attribution and the identification of locations of production. The central role of connoisseurship in this scholarship comes to the fore. The method of connoisseurship derived from Morelli and Berenson is critically analyzed and its early disciplinary relationship to Near Eastern archaeology traced. The question of ivory workshops and our insufficient knowledge of ivory procurement and crafting organizations in the Iron Age Levant are addressed. The stylistic heterogeneity of the Levantine ivories, apparent in stylistic “in-betweens,” proposes a lack of clear stylistic boundaries that is suggestive of networked practices rather than isolated production loci.
Colette Grinevald and Michel Bert
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780197265765
- eISBN:
- 9780191771958
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265765.003.0017
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Language Families
Fieldwork on Rama (Nicaragua) and Francoprovençal (France) has revealed ever-present and ever-changing ideological forces at work. This chapter examines how ideologies in the two different locations ...
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Fieldwork on Rama (Nicaragua) and Francoprovençal (France) has revealed ever-present and ever-changing ideological forces at work. This chapter examines how ideologies in the two different locations are essentially built in opposition to others, how they are projected onto specific types of actions, and how they are explicitly articulated by some people and then adopted and absorbed largely implicitly by others. The authors also discuss why a certain ideology is evident at a certain time, and try to trace what might be at stake for whom: communities, governments, and institutions, as well as academic linguists.Less
Fieldwork on Rama (Nicaragua) and Francoprovençal (France) has revealed ever-present and ever-changing ideological forces at work. This chapter examines how ideologies in the two different locations are essentially built in opposition to others, how they are projected onto specific types of actions, and how they are explicitly articulated by some people and then adopted and absorbed largely implicitly by others. The authors also discuss why a certain ideology is evident at a certain time, and try to trace what might be at stake for whom: communities, governments, and institutions, as well as academic linguists.
Jaroslav Tir and Johannes Karreth
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- February 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190699512
- eISBN:
- 9780190699550
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190699512.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Civil wars are one of the most pressing problems facing the world. Common approaches such as mediation, intervention, and peacekeeping have produced some results in managing ongoing civil wars, but ...
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Civil wars are one of the most pressing problems facing the world. Common approaches such as mediation, intervention, and peacekeeping have produced some results in managing ongoing civil wars, but they fall short in preventing civil wars in the first place. This book argues for considering civil wars from a developmental perspective to identify steps to assure that nascent, low-level armed conflicts do not escalate to full-scale civil wars. We show that highly structured intergovernmental organizations (IGOs, e.g. the World Bank or IMF) are particularly well positioned to engage in civil war prevention. Such organizations have both an enduring self-interest in member-state peace and stability and potent (economic) tools to incentivize peaceful conflict resolution. The book advances the hypothesis that countries that belong to a larger number of highly structured IGOs face a significantly lower risk that emerging low-level armed conflicts on their territories will escalate to full-scale civil wars. Systematic analyses of over 260 low-level armed conflicts that have occurred around the globe since World War II provide consistent and robust support for this hypothesis. The impact of a greater number of memberships in highly structured IGOs is substantial, cutting the risk of escalation by over one-half. Case evidence from Indonesia’s East Timor conflict, Ivory Coast’s post-2010 election crisis, and from the early stages of the conflict in Syria in 2011 provide additional evidence that memberships in highly structured IGOs are indeed key to understanding why some low-level armed conflicts escalate to civil wars and others do not.Less
Civil wars are one of the most pressing problems facing the world. Common approaches such as mediation, intervention, and peacekeeping have produced some results in managing ongoing civil wars, but they fall short in preventing civil wars in the first place. This book argues for considering civil wars from a developmental perspective to identify steps to assure that nascent, low-level armed conflicts do not escalate to full-scale civil wars. We show that highly structured intergovernmental organizations (IGOs, e.g. the World Bank or IMF) are particularly well positioned to engage in civil war prevention. Such organizations have both an enduring self-interest in member-state peace and stability and potent (economic) tools to incentivize peaceful conflict resolution. The book advances the hypothesis that countries that belong to a larger number of highly structured IGOs face a significantly lower risk that emerging low-level armed conflicts on their territories will escalate to full-scale civil wars. Systematic analyses of over 260 low-level armed conflicts that have occurred around the globe since World War II provide consistent and robust support for this hypothesis. The impact of a greater number of memberships in highly structured IGOs is substantial, cutting the risk of escalation by over one-half. Case evidence from Indonesia’s East Timor conflict, Ivory Coast’s post-2010 election crisis, and from the early stages of the conflict in Syria in 2011 provide additional evidence that memberships in highly structured IGOs are indeed key to understanding why some low-level armed conflicts escalate to civil wars and others do not.
Claire Monk
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748638246
- eISBN:
- 9780748651238
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748638246.001.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
The concept of ‘heritage cinema’ is now firmly established as an influential — as well as much-debated and contested — critical framework for the discussion of period or historical representation in ...
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The concept of ‘heritage cinema’ is now firmly established as an influential — as well as much-debated and contested — critical framework for the discussion of period or historical representation in film, most prominently with reference to British heritage and ‘post-heritage’ film successes since the 1980s, but also to comparable examples from Europe, North America, and beyond. These successes have ranged from Merchant Ivory's A Room with a View, Maurice, Howards End and The Remains of the Day, via Jane Austen adaptations such as Ang Lee's Sense and Sensibility to post-heritage adaptations such as Sally Potter's Orlando. Yet the very idea of the heritage film has rested on untested assumptions about its audiences. This book aims to break new ground in the scholarship on contemporary period films, and makes a new contribution to the growing field of film-audience studies, by presenting the first empirically based study of the audiences for quality period films. It engages directly with two highly contrasting sections of these film audiences, surveyed in the United Kingdom in the late 1990s, to explore their identities, their wider patterns of film taste, and above all their attitudes and pleasures — in relation to the period films they enjoy, and on issues central to debates around the heritage film, literary adaptation and cultural value — with unpredicted results.Less
The concept of ‘heritage cinema’ is now firmly established as an influential — as well as much-debated and contested — critical framework for the discussion of period or historical representation in film, most prominently with reference to British heritage and ‘post-heritage’ film successes since the 1980s, but also to comparable examples from Europe, North America, and beyond. These successes have ranged from Merchant Ivory's A Room with a View, Maurice, Howards End and The Remains of the Day, via Jane Austen adaptations such as Ang Lee's Sense and Sensibility to post-heritage adaptations such as Sally Potter's Orlando. Yet the very idea of the heritage film has rested on untested assumptions about its audiences. This book aims to break new ground in the scholarship on contemporary period films, and makes a new contribution to the growing field of film-audience studies, by presenting the first empirically based study of the audiences for quality period films. It engages directly with two highly contrasting sections of these film audiences, surveyed in the United Kingdom in the late 1990s, to explore their identities, their wider patterns of film taste, and above all their attitudes and pleasures — in relation to the period films they enjoy, and on issues central to debates around the heritage film, literary adaptation and cultural value — with unpredicted results.
Thomas Docherty
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781526132741
- eISBN:
- 9781526138965
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526132741.003.0003
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
Education involves the search for good judgment, and thus also institutes the principles of criticism. It does this in the interests of extending the range of human possibilities and in extending and ...
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Education involves the search for good judgment, and thus also institutes the principles of criticism. It does this in the interests of extending the range of human possibilities and in extending and distributing those possibilities democratically. In this, it is structurally opposed to the logic of privatization as such. This chapter explores how it is that existing social and class privilege has tried to prevent the university from doing this, in the interests of protecting those very privileges. The Browne Review was central to this project. In a peculiar self-contradiction, Browne fundamentally reconstructs the University as an ivory tower institution, one that legitimised privilege by radically reducing the scope and ambit of the university’s roles and social responsibilities. After Browne, the university seeks to entrench the very ideology of privilege, by translating the demands for justice or good judgment into a logic of self-advancement via competition. It institutes the culture of acquisitive individualism or greed over the extension of democracy and freedoms.Less
Education involves the search for good judgment, and thus also institutes the principles of criticism. It does this in the interests of extending the range of human possibilities and in extending and distributing those possibilities democratically. In this, it is structurally opposed to the logic of privatization as such. This chapter explores how it is that existing social and class privilege has tried to prevent the university from doing this, in the interests of protecting those very privileges. The Browne Review was central to this project. In a peculiar self-contradiction, Browne fundamentally reconstructs the University as an ivory tower institution, one that legitimised privilege by radically reducing the scope and ambit of the university’s roles and social responsibilities. After Browne, the university seeks to entrench the very ideology of privilege, by translating the demands for justice or good judgment into a logic of self-advancement via competition. It institutes the culture of acquisitive individualism or greed over the extension of democracy and freedoms.
Claire Monk
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748638246
- eISBN:
- 9780748651238
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748638246.003.0005
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter explores the specifics of Heritage Audience Survey respondents' tastes in films: both in general and with reference to period films. It looks at profoundly contrasting patterns between ...
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This chapter explores the specifics of Heritage Audience Survey respondents' tastes in films: both in general and with reference to period films. It looks at profoundly contrasting patterns between the Time Out and National Trust subsamples in terms of film familiarity, adventurousness of film viewing and film tastes. Notwithstanding their ostensibly ‘uncinematic’ characteristics, did some respondents enjoy heritage films in the context of popular cinema tastes, or as part of a more informed cinephilia by others? How many films (from lists presented in the questionnaire) they recalled seeing across both period and non-period films? The majority of listed films were placed into classificatory groups — not divulged to respondents — for the purpose of analysing film tastes. The chapter considers two final indicators of patterns of ‘heritage’ film taste: the numbers of films directed by James Ivory and seen by respondents and the numbers of listed benchmark 1980s to mid-1990s film and television adaptations from Jane Austen novels they had seen.Less
This chapter explores the specifics of Heritage Audience Survey respondents' tastes in films: both in general and with reference to period films. It looks at profoundly contrasting patterns between the Time Out and National Trust subsamples in terms of film familiarity, adventurousness of film viewing and film tastes. Notwithstanding their ostensibly ‘uncinematic’ characteristics, did some respondents enjoy heritage films in the context of popular cinema tastes, or as part of a more informed cinephilia by others? How many films (from lists presented in the questionnaire) they recalled seeing across both period and non-period films? The majority of listed films were placed into classificatory groups — not divulged to respondents — for the purpose of analysing film tastes. The chapter considers two final indicators of patterns of ‘heritage’ film taste: the numbers of films directed by James Ivory and seen by respondents and the numbers of listed benchmark 1980s to mid-1990s film and television adaptations from Jane Austen novels they had seen.
Steven E. Sidebotham
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520244306
- eISBN:
- 9780520948389
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520244306.003.0004
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Asian and Middle Eastern History: BCE to 500CE
Ptolemaic strata excavated at Berenike produced archaeological evidence that corroborates and adds to information preserved in ancient literary sources. The segment of an elephant tooth is evidence ...
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Ptolemaic strata excavated at Berenike produced archaeological evidence that corroborates and adds to information preserved in ancient literary sources. The segment of an elephant tooth is evidence for live pachyderms in the city. The “discovery” of the monsoons and their exploitation by “western” sailors drastically reduced travel times and costs between Red Sea ports in Egypt and the Indian subcontinent for Ptolemaic and later Roman ships when they were in the Indian Ocean. Ptolemies' trade in ivory helped to defray expenses entailed in elephant acquisition, transportation, and training. Elephant and ivory acquisition was well organized on a large scale by the reign of Philadelphus. Berenike was clearly the preferred landfall, although on occasion elephants might be disembarked at more northerly ports for a host of practical or other reasons. Furthermore, Romans were fascinated with and curious about elephants.Less
Ptolemaic strata excavated at Berenike produced archaeological evidence that corroborates and adds to information preserved in ancient literary sources. The segment of an elephant tooth is evidence for live pachyderms in the city. The “discovery” of the monsoons and their exploitation by “western” sailors drastically reduced travel times and costs between Red Sea ports in Egypt and the Indian subcontinent for Ptolemaic and later Roman ships when they were in the Indian Ocean. Ptolemies' trade in ivory helped to defray expenses entailed in elephant acquisition, transportation, and training. Elephant and ivory acquisition was well organized on a large scale by the reign of Philadelphus. Berenike was clearly the preferred landfall, although on occasion elephants might be disembarked at more northerly ports for a host of practical or other reasons. Furthermore, Romans were fascinated with and curious about elephants.
Robert Harms
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780300163872
- eISBN:
- 9780300166460
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300163872.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
Chapter 1 establishes the context for the chapters that follow it. It offers an account of British anti-slavery and anti-slave trading efforts in the Western Indian Ocean in the nineteenth century ...
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Chapter 1 establishes the context for the chapters that follow it. It offers an account of British anti-slavery and anti-slave trading efforts in the Western Indian Ocean in the nineteenth century and why those efforts failed. It describes the clove and ivory booms in the region and the rise of a commercial and cultural zone created by the use of the dhow as a means of maritime transport. The chapter offers three reasons why the British anti-slavery efforts did not meet with the same success as similar endeavors in the transatlantic world: (1) The British anti-slave trade naval squadron was spread too thin; (2) difficulties in enforcing its anti-slave trade policies against the Portuguese and the French; and (3) failures in administering anti-slave trade treaties with the Sultan of Zanzibar. The chapter closes with an outline of the organization and content of the other chapters in the book.Less
Chapter 1 establishes the context for the chapters that follow it. It offers an account of British anti-slavery and anti-slave trading efforts in the Western Indian Ocean in the nineteenth century and why those efforts failed. It describes the clove and ivory booms in the region and the rise of a commercial and cultural zone created by the use of the dhow as a means of maritime transport. The chapter offers three reasons why the British anti-slavery efforts did not meet with the same success as similar endeavors in the transatlantic world: (1) The British anti-slave trade naval squadron was spread too thin; (2) difficulties in enforcing its anti-slave trade policies against the Portuguese and the French; and (3) failures in administering anti-slave trade treaties with the Sultan of Zanzibar. The chapter closes with an outline of the organization and content of the other chapters in the book.
Seeta Chaganti
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226547992
- eISBN:
- 9780226548180
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226548180.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter reenacts the round dance often called carole by juxtaposing it with Mark Morris’s L’Allegro, il Penseroso ed il Moderato (1988). In this reenactment, the carole reveals its virtual ...
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This chapter reenacts the round dance often called carole by juxtaposing it with Mark Morris’s L’Allegro, il Penseroso ed il Moderato (1988). In this reenactment, the carole reveals its virtual circles and arcs of force. These virtual supplements to the dance, untimely and spatially estranging, complicate the carole's superficial appearance of symmetry and periodicity.Less
This chapter reenacts the round dance often called carole by juxtaposing it with Mark Morris’s L’Allegro, il Penseroso ed il Moderato (1988). In this reenactment, the carole reveals its virtual circles and arcs of force. These virtual supplements to the dance, untimely and spatially estranging, complicate the carole's superficial appearance of symmetry and periodicity.
