O.D. Creutzfeldt
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198523246
- eISBN:
- 9780191724510
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198523246.003.0009
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Systems
The phylogenetically oldest parts of the cerebral cortex are distinguished morphologically from the typical six-layered structure of the isocortex and neocortex, and have been subsumed under the term ...
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The phylogenetically oldest parts of the cerebral cortex are distinguished morphologically from the typical six-layered structure of the isocortex and neocortex, and have been subsumed under the term allocortex. The allocortex is subdivided into three separate cortical areas: the archicortex which is confined to the hippocampus and the subiculum; thepalaeocortex (essentially the olfactory cortex); and the periarchicortex (essentially the entorhinal area, retrosplenial, and cingulate regions). The rhinal fissure at the base of the temporal lobe forms the border between the allocortex and the isocortex. The allocortex extends caudally along the hippocampal gyrus, where as the hippocampus it curls up like a lock of hair to define, like the roll collar of a pullover, the caudal limits of the cortical convolution, and wraps itself in the shape of a horn (Ammon's horn) around the entrance to the forebrain, through which enter the cerebral peduncle and the brainstem. Dorsally, the allocortex wraps itself in the form of a thin stripe around the splenium of the corpus callosum, runs rostrally as the marginal gyrus along the corpus callosum, then ventrally as a narrow strip along the ‘genu’ of the corpus callosum in the interhemispheric fissure and terminates in the olfactory peduncle (supracommissural and precommissural hippocampus).Less
The phylogenetically oldest parts of the cerebral cortex are distinguished morphologically from the typical six-layered structure of the isocortex and neocortex, and have been subsumed under the term allocortex. The allocortex is subdivided into three separate cortical areas: the archicortex which is confined to the hippocampus and the subiculum; thepalaeocortex (essentially the olfactory cortex); and the periarchicortex (essentially the entorhinal area, retrosplenial, and cingulate regions). The rhinal fissure at the base of the temporal lobe forms the border between the allocortex and the isocortex. The allocortex extends caudally along the hippocampal gyrus, where as the hippocampus it curls up like a lock of hair to define, like the roll collar of a pullover, the caudal limits of the cortical convolution, and wraps itself in the shape of a horn (Ammon's horn) around the entrance to the forebrain, through which enter the cerebral peduncle and the brainstem. Dorsally, the allocortex wraps itself in the form of a thin stripe around the splenium of the corpus callosum, runs rostrally as the marginal gyrus along the corpus callosum, then ventrally as a narrow strip along the ‘genu’ of the corpus callosum in the interhemispheric fissure and terminates in the olfactory peduncle (supracommissural and precommissural hippocampus).
Gerhard Roth
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262015394
- eISBN:
- 9780262312462
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262015394.003.0020
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter questions the attribution of “higher” human cognition just to the brain’s hypertrophied cortex. It highlights the high number of cortical neurons and the speed with which they process ...
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This chapter questions the attribution of “higher” human cognition just to the brain’s hypertrophied cortex. It highlights the high number of cortical neurons and the speed with which they process data. It discusses how thinking-like processes that began in mute cells exist in visualizing amphibians and symbol-manipulating humans. It compares tetrapods, including humans, in respect to brain size, organization, the isocortex, the frontal cortex, and prefrontal brain development. This chapter suggests that the capacities to interact with the natural and the social environment, to make decisions and plans based on previous experience, and to modify behavior quickly in accord with new demands all increased with the rise of consciousness.Less
This chapter questions the attribution of “higher” human cognition just to the brain’s hypertrophied cortex. It highlights the high number of cortical neurons and the speed with which they process data. It discusses how thinking-like processes that began in mute cells exist in visualizing amphibians and symbol-manipulating humans. It compares tetrapods, including humans, in respect to brain size, organization, the isocortex, the frontal cortex, and prefrontal brain development. This chapter suggests that the capacities to interact with the natural and the social environment, to make decisions and plans based on previous experience, and to modify behavior quickly in accord with new demands all increased with the rise of consciousness.
