Alan Corney
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199211456
- eISBN:
- 9780191705915
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199211456.003.0011
- Subject:
- Physics, Atomic, Laser, and Optical Physics
This chapter discusses the reasons why a population inversion is required to obtain optical frequency amplification by stimulated emission. The effects of homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening are ...
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This chapter discusses the reasons why a population inversion is required to obtain optical frequency amplification by stimulated emission. The effects of homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening are considered. Transient and steady state population inversion are explained. Population inversion mechanisms in representative gas laser systems are also discussed.Less
This chapter discusses the reasons why a population inversion is required to obtain optical frequency amplification by stimulated emission. The effects of homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening are considered. Transient and steady state population inversion are explained. Population inversion mechanisms in representative gas laser systems are also discussed.
Thomas Koshy
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195334548
- eISBN:
- 9780199868766
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195334548.003.0007
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Combinatorics / Graph Theory / Discrete Mathematics
This chapter continues the investigation of the ubiquitous occurrences of Catalan numbers. It includes permutations, the ballot problem, multisets, noncrossing matchings, LIFO, staircase ...
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This chapter continues the investigation of the ubiquitous occurrences of Catalan numbers. It includes permutations, the ballot problem, multisets, noncrossing matchings, LIFO, staircase tessellations, and nonnested matchings.Less
This chapter continues the investigation of the ubiquitous occurrences of Catalan numbers. It includes permutations, the ballot problem, multisets, noncrossing matchings, LIFO, staircase tessellations, and nonnested matchings.
Terezinha Nunes, Peter Bryant, Diana Burman, Daniel Bell, Deborah Evans, Darcy Hallett, and Laura Montgomery
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195368673
- eISBN:
- 9780199894161
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195368673.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
The understanding of inversion plays a key role in children's learning about arithmetic and algebra. This chapter focuses on deaf children's understanding and use of the principle of inversion. It is ...
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The understanding of inversion plays a key role in children's learning about arithmetic and algebra. This chapter focuses on deaf children's understanding and use of the principle of inversion. It is shown that deaf children under-perform in inversion problems in relation to their age and intelligence, which suggests that something must be done so that they have a good chance for a sound start in their mathematics learning in school.Less
The understanding of inversion plays a key role in children's learning about arithmetic and algebra. This chapter focuses on deaf children's understanding and use of the principle of inversion. It is shown that deaf children under-perform in inversion problems in relation to their age and intelligence, which suggests that something must be done so that they have a good chance for a sound start in their mathematics learning in school.
Theo Van Leeuwen
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195323306
- eISBN:
- 9780199869251
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195323306.003.0003
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter investigates how social actions can be, and are, represented in English discourse, describing the social and critical relevance of the analytical categories it presents as well as ...
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This chapter investigates how social actions can be, and are, represented in English discourse, describing the social and critical relevance of the analytical categories it presents as well as providing a detailed realization statement for each category. Key domains include the distinction between actions and reactions and the distinction between material and semiotic action. Special attention is paid to abstraction and generalization in the representation of social actions, and to symbolization and inversion. A newspaper article about immigration is analyzed to bring out the potential of the methodology for purposes of critical discourse analysis.Less
This chapter investigates how social actions can be, and are, represented in English discourse, describing the social and critical relevance of the analytical categories it presents as well as providing a detailed realization statement for each category. Key domains include the distinction between actions and reactions and the distinction between material and semiotic action. Special attention is paid to abstraction and generalization in the representation of social actions, and to symbolization and inversion. A newspaper article about immigration is analyzed to bring out the potential of the methodology for purposes of critical discourse analysis.
Saskia Lettmaier
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199569977
- eISBN:
- 9780191722066
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199569977.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This chapter opens with a case study (Orford v. Cole) that presents in detail the way the breach-of-promise action was structured around nineteenth-century notions of ideal womanhood. It provides a ...
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This chapter opens with a case study (Orford v. Cole) that presents in detail the way the breach-of-promise action was structured around nineteenth-century notions of ideal womanhood. It provides a consideration of the strategies practised by plaintiffs and their counsel to obscure the structural inconsistency, and compares these strategies to those practised by other nineteenth-century women similarly positioned on the outskirts of domesticity, on the dangerous interface between the public and the private, so to speak: women writers and women scientists. The chapter finds evidence for the success of these strategies in both the phenomenal awards secured by early-period breach-of-promise plaintiffs and in the fictional records that date from the early period. In the early period, there is no evidence of any fictional exploitation of the structural inconsistency. Rather than exploiting the suit-immanent inconsistency, writers in the early period display a marked tendency to create an inconsistency by inverting the feminine ideal and casting that inversion in the plaintiff role. The artistic effects of this studied ‘miscasting’ – of putting a widow or virago figure where a true woman should be – are both ludicrous and faintly nauseating. In this disharmony, in both the depiction and the reaction it evokes, there is an element of the grotesque, which may be regarded as the dominant aesthetic of early-period breach-of-promise fiction.Less
This chapter opens with a case study (Orford v. Cole) that presents in detail the way the breach-of-promise action was structured around nineteenth-century notions of ideal womanhood. It provides a consideration of the strategies practised by plaintiffs and their counsel to obscure the structural inconsistency, and compares these strategies to those practised by other nineteenth-century women similarly positioned on the outskirts of domesticity, on the dangerous interface between the public and the private, so to speak: women writers and women scientists. The chapter finds evidence for the success of these strategies in both the phenomenal awards secured by early-period breach-of-promise plaintiffs and in the fictional records that date from the early period. In the early period, there is no evidence of any fictional exploitation of the structural inconsistency. Rather than exploiting the suit-immanent inconsistency, writers in the early period display a marked tendency to create an inconsistency by inverting the feminine ideal and casting that inversion in the plaintiff role. The artistic effects of this studied ‘miscasting’ – of putting a widow or virago figure where a true woman should be – are both ludicrous and faintly nauseating. In this disharmony, in both the depiction and the reaction it evokes, there is an element of the grotesque, which may be regarded as the dominant aesthetic of early-period breach-of-promise fiction.
Peter W. Culicover and Jackendoff Ray
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199271092
- eISBN:
- 9780191709418
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199271092.003.0013
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter explores syntactic constructions in which the syntactic connection between clauses does not match their semantic connection. The construction of concern is coordination with a so-called ...
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This chapter explores syntactic constructions in which the syntactic connection between clauses does not match their semantic connection. The construction of concern is coordination with a so-called ‘left-subordinating’ and (LS-and or and LS). It is shown that there is at least one use of asymmetric conjunction which is coordinate in syntactic structure, just the way it looks, in conformance with the Simpler Syntax Hypothesis, but which corresponds explicitly to subordination at the level of CS.Less
This chapter explores syntactic constructions in which the syntactic connection between clauses does not match their semantic connection. The construction of concern is coordination with a so-called ‘left-subordinating’ and (LS-and or and LS). It is shown that there is at least one use of asymmetric conjunction which is coordinate in syntactic structure, just the way it looks, in conformance with the Simpler Syntax Hypothesis, but which corresponds explicitly to subordination at the level of CS.
Vanessa Agnew
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195336665
- eISBN:
- 9780199868544
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195336665.003.0004
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
This chapter analyzes debates about the meaning and power of music and the constitution of English culture in the latter part of the century. These debates pitted ideas about the power of music ...
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This chapter analyzes debates about the meaning and power of music and the constitution of English culture in the latter part of the century. These debates pitted ideas about the power of music against an anti-Orphic discourse that challenged what some writers saw as the hyperinflation of music's moral and social uses. The chapter centers on Burney's thwarted efforts to found a music conservatory and makes a detailed study of his opposition — in particular, John Bicknell's parody, Musical Travels thro' England, by Joel Collier, Organist (1774). In so doing, the chapter investigates the kind of cultural work performed by parody, burlesque, and other forms of symbolic inversion. It shows that rather than ushering in a new set of aesthetic values, anti-Orphic discourse used a triangulated argument in which figures like the castrato, the Polynesian, the traveler, and the music scholar were parodied. By burlesquing the outsider, composers and writers sidelined cosmopolitan, aristocratic musical culture in an effort to consolidate middle class forms of cultural production. This suggests that by the latter part of the century, Britons'fascination with foreignness was giving way to new anxieties as debates about music were folded into broader concerns about changing class relations, abolitionism, Jacobinism, and the loss of the American colonies.Less
This chapter analyzes debates about the meaning and power of music and the constitution of English culture in the latter part of the century. These debates pitted ideas about the power of music against an anti-Orphic discourse that challenged what some writers saw as the hyperinflation of music's moral and social uses. The chapter centers on Burney's thwarted efforts to found a music conservatory and makes a detailed study of his opposition — in particular, John Bicknell's parody, Musical Travels thro' England, by Joel Collier, Organist (1774). In so doing, the chapter investigates the kind of cultural work performed by parody, burlesque, and other forms of symbolic inversion. It shows that rather than ushering in a new set of aesthetic values, anti-Orphic discourse used a triangulated argument in which figures like the castrato, the Polynesian, the traveler, and the music scholar were parodied. By burlesquing the outsider, composers and writers sidelined cosmopolitan, aristocratic musical culture in an effort to consolidate middle class forms of cultural production. This suggests that by the latter part of the century, Britons'fascination with foreignness was giving way to new anxieties as debates about music were folded into broader concerns about changing class relations, abolitionism, Jacobinism, and the loss of the American colonies.
Olivia S. Cheung and Isabel Gauthier
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195309607
- eISBN:
- 9780199865291
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195309607.003.0010
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Vision
Evidence for holistic processing is observed for faces and nonface objects of expertise using several behavioral paradigms (composite task, whole-part paradigm, inversion paradigm), and holistic ...
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Evidence for holistic processing is observed for faces and nonface objects of expertise using several behavioral paradigms (composite task, whole-part paradigm, inversion paradigm), and holistic processing accompanies important neural signatures of face perception. Although holistic processing is assumed to have a perceptual locus, where faces are represented as unified wholes, the decisional component involved in these tasks is often overlooked—it is possible for parts to be represented independently and yet for decisions about them to not be independent. A possible decisional locus of holistic processing is suggested by studies that compare manipulations at the encoding stage versus the decisional stage, studies showing that holistic processing can be modulated by context, and studies that apply the general recognition framework and related analyses. A decisional interaction between face parts may arise due to the learned expectation that face parts change together.Less
Evidence for holistic processing is observed for faces and nonface objects of expertise using several behavioral paradigms (composite task, whole-part paradigm, inversion paradigm), and holistic processing accompanies important neural signatures of face perception. Although holistic processing is assumed to have a perceptual locus, where faces are represented as unified wholes, the decisional component involved in these tasks is often overlooked—it is possible for parts to be represented independently and yet for decisions about them to not be independent. A possible decisional locus of holistic processing is suggested by studies that compare manipulations at the encoding stage versus the decisional stage, studies showing that holistic processing can be modulated by context, and studies that apply the general recognition framework and related analyses. A decisional interaction between face parts may arise due to the learned expectation that face parts change together.
Julian C. Knight
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199227693
- eISBN:
- 9780191711015
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199227693.003.0003
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics, Disease Ecology / Epidemiology
Cytogenetics has played a fundamental role in advancing our understanding of human genetic variation. Advances in this field are set in a historical context, describing the microscopically visible ...
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Cytogenetics has played a fundamental role in advancing our understanding of human genetic variation. Advances in this field are set in a historical context, describing the microscopically visible variation involving gain or loss of whole chromosomes and major chromosomal rearrangements. The molecular basis and features of Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and Turner syndrome are reviewed. Chromosomal rearrangements between and within chromosomes are reviewed including reciprocal and Robertsonian translocations, deletions, duplications, and inversions. The important class of genomic disorders involving gain or loss of dosage sensitive genes is introduced. Other structural variation including marker chromosomes and isochromosomes are also discussed.Less
Cytogenetics has played a fundamental role in advancing our understanding of human genetic variation. Advances in this field are set in a historical context, describing the microscopically visible variation involving gain or loss of whole chromosomes and major chromosomal rearrangements. The molecular basis and features of Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and Turner syndrome are reviewed. Chromosomal rearrangements between and within chromosomes are reviewed including reciprocal and Robertsonian translocations, deletions, duplications, and inversions. The important class of genomic disorders involving gain or loss of dosage sensitive genes is introduced. Other structural variation including marker chromosomes and isochromosomes are also discussed.
Julian C. Knight
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199227693
- eISBN:
- 9780191711015
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199227693.003.0005
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics, Disease Ecology / Epidemiology
In this chapter the basis and nature of genomic disorders are described with examples including DiGeorge Syndrome, Williams-Beuren syndrome, Charcot Marie Tooth disease, Prader-Willi, and Angelman ...
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In this chapter the basis and nature of genomic disorders are described with examples including DiGeorge Syndrome, Williams-Beuren syndrome, Charcot Marie Tooth disease, Prader-Willi, and Angelman syndromes. The mechanisms whereby chromosomal rearrangements may lead to genomic disorders are described, the nature of reciprocal genomic disorders involving deletion or duplication of particular genomic regions and of genomic disorders involving parent of origin effects are also described. Mechanisms leading to genomic disorders through disruption of control of gene expression are also described. Diseases arising from terminal and subtelomeric deletions are highlighted together with the occurrence of inversions in both healthy individuals and those with diseases such as haemophilia A. The application of array comparative genome hybridisation (arrayCGH) techniques to define submicroscopic structural variation responsible for mental retardation is reviewed to illustrate the clinical utility and application of this approach.Less
In this chapter the basis and nature of genomic disorders are described with examples including DiGeorge Syndrome, Williams-Beuren syndrome, Charcot Marie Tooth disease, Prader-Willi, and Angelman syndromes. The mechanisms whereby chromosomal rearrangements may lead to genomic disorders are described, the nature of reciprocal genomic disorders involving deletion or duplication of particular genomic regions and of genomic disorders involving parent of origin effects are also described. Mechanisms leading to genomic disorders through disruption of control of gene expression are also described. Diseases arising from terminal and subtelomeric deletions are highlighted together with the occurrence of inversions in both healthy individuals and those with diseases such as haemophilia A. The application of array comparative genome hybridisation (arrayCGH) techniques to define submicroscopic structural variation responsible for mental retardation is reviewed to illustrate the clinical utility and application of this approach.
Detlev Arendt, Alexandru S. Denes, Gáspár Jékely, and Kristin Tessmar-Raible
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199549429
- eISBN:
- 9780191721601
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199549429.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics, Developmental Biology
It is currently unknown when and in what form the central nervous system (CNS) in Bilateria first appeared, and how it further evolved in the different bilaterian phyla. To find out, a series of ...
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It is currently unknown when and in what form the central nervous system (CNS) in Bilateria first appeared, and how it further evolved in the different bilaterian phyla. To find out, a series of recent molecular studies has compared neurodevelopment in slow-evolving deuterostome and protostome invertebrates such as the enteropneust hemichordate Saccoglossus and the polychaete annelid Platynereis. These studies focus on the spatially different activation and, when accessible, function of genes that set up the molecular anatomy of the neuroectoderm, and specify neuron types that emerge from distinct molecular coordinates. Complex similarities are detected that reveal aspects of neurodevelopment that most likely already occurred in a similar manner in the last common ancestor of the bilaterians, Urbilateria. Using this approach, different aspects of the molecular architecture of the urbilaterian nervous system are being reconstructed and are yielding insight into the degree of centralization that was in place in the bilaterian ancestors.Less
It is currently unknown when and in what form the central nervous system (CNS) in Bilateria first appeared, and how it further evolved in the different bilaterian phyla. To find out, a series of recent molecular studies has compared neurodevelopment in slow-evolving deuterostome and protostome invertebrates such as the enteropneust hemichordate Saccoglossus and the polychaete annelid Platynereis. These studies focus on the spatially different activation and, when accessible, function of genes that set up the molecular anatomy of the neuroectoderm, and specify neuron types that emerge from distinct molecular coordinates. Complex similarities are detected that reveal aspects of neurodevelopment that most likely already occurred in a similar manner in the last common ancestor of the bilaterians, Urbilateria. Using this approach, different aspects of the molecular architecture of the urbilaterian nervous system are being reconstructed and are yielding insight into the degree of centralization that was in place in the bilaterian ancestors.
André Nies
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199230761
- eISBN:
- 9780191710988
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199230761.003.0006
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Logic / Computer Science / Mathematical Philosophy
This chapter develops the language of building Turing functionals which is used to characterize promptly simple degrees by low cuppability, and to prove the pseudo-jump inversion theorem of Jockusch ...
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This chapter develops the language of building Turing functionals which is used to characterize promptly simple degrees by low cuppability, and to prove the pseudo-jump inversion theorem of Jockusch and Shore. It provides a new pseudo-jump inversion theorem for Martin–Löf randomness. These results are used to separate highness properties, for instance superhighness from being LR-hard.Less
This chapter develops the language of building Turing functionals which is used to characterize promptly simple degrees by low cuppability, and to prove the pseudo-jump inversion theorem of Jockusch and Shore. It provides a new pseudo-jump inversion theorem for Martin–Löf randomness. These results are used to separate highness properties, for instance superhighness from being LR-hard.
Galen Strawson
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199267422
- eISBN:
- 9780191708343
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199267422.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This chapter argues for the claim that although colour words like ‘red’ are essentially ‘phenomenal-quality’ words — i.e., words for properties whose whole and essential nature can be and is fully ...
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This chapter argues for the claim that although colour words like ‘red’ are essentially ‘phenomenal-quality’ words — i.e., words for properties whose whole and essential nature can be and is fully revealed in sensory experience, given only the qualitative character that that experience has — still ‘red’ cannot be supposed to be a word that picks out or denotes any particular phenomenal quality. The argument rests essentially on the supposition, often discussed under the heading of the ‘colour-spectrum inversion argument’, that two people could possibly agree in all their colour-judgements while differing in their colour experience.Less
This chapter argues for the claim that although colour words like ‘red’ are essentially ‘phenomenal-quality’ words — i.e., words for properties whose whole and essential nature can be and is fully revealed in sensory experience, given only the qualitative character that that experience has — still ‘red’ cannot be supposed to be a word that picks out or denotes any particular phenomenal quality. The argument rests essentially on the supposition, often discussed under the heading of the ‘colour-spectrum inversion argument’, that two people could possibly agree in all their colour-judgements while differing in their colour experience.
Frank Graziano
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195136401
- eISBN:
- 9780199835164
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195136403.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
An analysis of what mysticism might mean if its underlying presumptions–that God desires suffering, that mystics marry Christ–are false. Also explores trends in the scholarship on female mysticism, ...
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An analysis of what mysticism might mean if its underlying presumptions–that God desires suffering, that mystics marry Christ–are false. Also explores trends in the scholarship on female mysticism, including a devaluation or dismissal of erotic and psychological aspects. The concluding section treats the inversions of values and meanings in mysticism, then surveys perceptions regarding whether saints’ mortification is for imitation or wondrous admiration.Less
An analysis of what mysticism might mean if its underlying presumptions–that God desires suffering, that mystics marry Christ–are false. Also explores trends in the scholarship on female mysticism, including a devaluation or dismissal of erotic and psychological aspects. The concluding section treats the inversions of values and meanings in mysticism, then surveys perceptions regarding whether saints’ mortification is for imitation or wondrous admiration.
Frank Graziano
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195124323
- eISBN:
- 9780199784561
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195124324.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter analyzes how symbolic inversion operates in millennial communities to alter the meanings and interrelations of above and below, center and periphery, good and evil, pure and impure, and ...
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This chapter analyzes how symbolic inversion operates in millennial communities to alter the meanings and interrelations of above and below, center and periphery, good and evil, pure and impure, and other opposites. Also treated are the reduction of complexities into simplified dualities that are polarized in diametrical opposition; the emergence of a New Humanity in religious and political thought; the belief that God is fighting for one’s cause; and the ways millennial movements provide new moral and religious options.Less
This chapter analyzes how symbolic inversion operates in millennial communities to alter the meanings and interrelations of above and below, center and periphery, good and evil, pure and impure, and other opposites. Also treated are the reduction of complexities into simplified dualities that are polarized in diametrical opposition; the emergence of a New Humanity in religious and political thought; the belief that God is fighting for one’s cause; and the ways millennial movements provide new moral and religious options.
Sam Rohdie
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781784992637
- eISBN:
- 9781526104151
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784992637.003.0035
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
The juxtapositions of fragments in Histoire(s) are of various kinds accomplished by various means. They involve angles, light, surface, depth, duration (acceleration, slow motion, flickering), ...
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The juxtapositions of fragments in Histoire(s) are of various kinds accomplished by various means. They involve angles, light, surface, depth, duration (acceleration, slow motion, flickering), graphic lines (verticality, horizontality), scale and dimension. Some are rhetorical, poetic or musical: condensations, inversions, correspondences, contraries, dissonances, contrasts, rhythms, pauses, repetitions, refrains, rhymes, succession, tempo, conflation. Some, while formal and rhetorical, specifically involve recurrent motifs and subjects: hands, eyes, monsters, aircraft, bestiality, savagery, executions, heroism, innocence, dance, war, slaughter, the Holocaust, Hitler, Mussolini, Hitchcock, Rossellini, John Ford, Jean Renoir, Nick Ray, D W Griffith, Sergei Eisenstein, Buster Keaton, Charlie Chaplin.Less
The juxtapositions of fragments in Histoire(s) are of various kinds accomplished by various means. They involve angles, light, surface, depth, duration (acceleration, slow motion, flickering), graphic lines (verticality, horizontality), scale and dimension. Some are rhetorical, poetic or musical: condensations, inversions, correspondences, contraries, dissonances, contrasts, rhythms, pauses, repetitions, refrains, rhymes, succession, tempo, conflation. Some, while formal and rhetorical, specifically involve recurrent motifs and subjects: hands, eyes, monsters, aircraft, bestiality, savagery, executions, heroism, innocence, dance, war, slaughter, the Holocaust, Hitler, Mussolini, Hitchcock, Rossellini, John Ford, Jean Renoir, Nick Ray, D W Griffith, Sergei Eisenstein, Buster Keaton, Charlie Chaplin.
Geoffrey Lee
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199289769
- eISBN:
- 9780191711046
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199289769.003.0009
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This chapter explores the idea of ‘left—right phenomenal inversion’ and its relationship to the symmetries of the human body. Roughly, a subject is phenomenally left—right inverted with respect to ...
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This chapter explores the idea of ‘left—right phenomenal inversion’ and its relationship to the symmetries of the human body. Roughly, a subject is phenomenally left—right inverted with respect to you, if the way the world appears to them in experience is the way it would appear to you, were you placed in a counterpart of the physical world where everything external to your body was macroscopically arranged in a mirror image of its actual arrangement. It is argued that given certain assumptions, a subject who began life as a physical mirror-image counterpart of you would have experiences that were phenomenally left—right inverted with respect to yours. A surprising corollary of the argument is that a subject who started life in a physically symmetrical state would not have experiences that distinguished between an asymmetrical stimulus and the mirror-image counterpart of the stimulus.Less
This chapter explores the idea of ‘left—right phenomenal inversion’ and its relationship to the symmetries of the human body. Roughly, a subject is phenomenally left—right inverted with respect to you, if the way the world appears to them in experience is the way it would appear to you, were you placed in a counterpart of the physical world where everything external to your body was macroscopically arranged in a mirror image of its actual arrangement. It is argued that given certain assumptions, a subject who began life as a physical mirror-image counterpart of you would have experiences that were phenomenally left—right inverted with respect to yours. A surprising corollary of the argument is that a subject who started life in a physically symmetrical state would not have experiences that distinguished between an asymmetrical stimulus and the mirror-image counterpart of the stimulus.
Sydney Shoemaker
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199289769
- eISBN:
- 9780191711046
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199289769.003.0014
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, Metaphysics/Epistemology
How can we reconcile representationalism about phenomenal character — the view that the phenomenal character of experiences is fixed by their representational content — with the view that how things ...
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How can we reconcile representationalism about phenomenal character — the view that the phenomenal character of experiences is fixed by their representational content — with the view that how things appear to different subjects, and so the phenomenal character of their experiences of them, can differ without there being any misperception? That is, how can we reconcile representationalism with the possibility of ‘spectrum inversion?’ One view says that what in the first instance are represented by perceptual experiences are ‘appearance properties,’ which things have in virtue of producing or being disposed to produce experiences of certain sorts, and that different perceivers can perceive the same objective property, e.g. the same color, by perceiving and representing different appearance properties. Here, this is replaced by the view that properties like colors have multiple qualitative characters, and that perceivers with somewhat different perceptual systems can be such that they perceive the same property color by being sensitive to different qualitative characters of that property, and represent it by representing different qualitative characters.Less
How can we reconcile representationalism about phenomenal character — the view that the phenomenal character of experiences is fixed by their representational content — with the view that how things appear to different subjects, and so the phenomenal character of their experiences of them, can differ without there being any misperception? That is, how can we reconcile representationalism with the possibility of ‘spectrum inversion?’ One view says that what in the first instance are represented by perceptual experiences are ‘appearance properties,’ which things have in virtue of producing or being disposed to produce experiences of certain sorts, and that different perceivers can perceive the same objective property, e.g. the same color, by perceiving and representing different appearance properties. Here, this is replaced by the view that properties like colors have multiple qualitative characters, and that perceivers with somewhat different perceptual systems can be such that they perceive the same property color by being sensitive to different qualitative characters of that property, and represent it by representing different qualitative characters.
M. S. Sozzi
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199296668
- eISBN:
- 9780191712074
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199296668.003.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Theoretical, Computational, and Statistical Physics
This chapter reviews the general theory of transformations in quantum theory. Topics covered include symmetry and invariance, transformations and symmetries in quantum theory, symmetries and ...
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This chapter reviews the general theory of transformations in quantum theory. Topics covered include symmetry and invariance, transformations and symmetries in quantum theory, symmetries and conservation laws, discrete transformations and inversions, and symmetry violations. Suggested further reading and exercise problems are provided at the end of the chapter.Less
This chapter reviews the general theory of transformations in quantum theory. Topics covered include symmetry and invariance, transformations and symmetries in quantum theory, symmetries and conservation laws, discrete transformations and inversions, and symmetry violations. Suggested further reading and exercise problems are provided at the end of the chapter.
M. S. Sozzi
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199296668
- eISBN:
- 9780191712074
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199296668.003.0004
- Subject:
- Physics, Theoretical, Computational, and Statistical Physics
This chapter deals with the time reversal symmetry, which is somehow different from space inversion, due to the fact that the description of physics is in terms of time evolution. The anti-unitarity ...
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This chapter deals with the time reversal symmetry, which is somehow different from space inversion, due to the fact that the description of physics is in terms of time evolution. The anti-unitarity of the corresponding operator in quantum theory leads to some complications, and some pages are devoted to the discussion of the formalism to make these clear. The tests of this symmetry are also somewhat peculiar, and require special care to ensure that other effects faking asymmetries are properly taken into account. Suggested further reading and exercise problems are provided at the end of the chapter.Less
This chapter deals with the time reversal symmetry, which is somehow different from space inversion, due to the fact that the description of physics is in terms of time evolution. The anti-unitarity of the corresponding operator in quantum theory leads to some complications, and some pages are devoted to the discussion of the formalism to make these clear. The tests of this symmetry are also somewhat peculiar, and require special care to ensure that other effects faking asymmetries are properly taken into account. Suggested further reading and exercise problems are provided at the end of the chapter.
