Laila Haidarali
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781479875108
- eISBN:
- 9781479865499
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479875108.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This book interrogates the multiple meanings of brown as reference to physical complexion in the representation of African American womanhood during the interwar years. It questions how and why color ...
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This book interrogates the multiple meanings of brown as reference to physical complexion in the representation of African American womanhood during the interwar years. It questions how and why color in general and brownness in particular came to intimate race, class, gender, and sex identity as one prominent response to modernity and urbanization. This book shows that throughout the interwar years, diverse sets of African American women and men, all of whom can be defined as middle class within this constituency’s widely varying class membership, privileged brown complexions in their reworking of ideas, images, and expressions to identify the representative bodies of women as modern New Negro women.Less
This book interrogates the multiple meanings of brown as reference to physical complexion in the representation of African American womanhood during the interwar years. It questions how and why color in general and brownness in particular came to intimate race, class, gender, and sex identity as one prominent response to modernity and urbanization. This book shows that throughout the interwar years, diverse sets of African American women and men, all of whom can be defined as middle class within this constituency’s widely varying class membership, privileged brown complexions in their reworking of ideas, images, and expressions to identify the representative bodies of women as modern New Negro women.
Chris Millington
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780197266274
- eISBN:
- 9780191869204
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266274.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Political History
Fighting for France is the first book to examine the violent confrontations between political groups in interwar France. A range of groups at the political extremes employed physical aggression ...
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Fighting for France is the first book to examine the violent confrontations between political groups in interwar France. A range of groups at the political extremes employed physical aggression against their enemies and threatened to bring about the violent demise of the democratic regime. The scale of confrontations ranged from encounters between individuals to large clashes involving hundreds of activists. Until now, historians have denied and downplayed the frequency and seriousness of French political violence in favour of an interpretation that emphasises France's weddedness to democracy. Fighting for France demonstrates that the democratic culture of the late Third Republic co-existed with a culture of violence in which the physical punishment of rivals and opponents was considered acceptable. Drawing on the narratives constructed around outbreaks of violence, the book reconstructs the lived experience of fighting and the sense that contemporaries made of conflict. It examines violence in a variety of settings, from the street to the factory floor. A range of actors come under investigation, including fascists, communists, and the police. Fighting for France forces us to reconsider the place of political violence in a democratic society. It transforms our understandings of the course of interwar France and Europe.Less
Fighting for France is the first book to examine the violent confrontations between political groups in interwar France. A range of groups at the political extremes employed physical aggression against their enemies and threatened to bring about the violent demise of the democratic regime. The scale of confrontations ranged from encounters between individuals to large clashes involving hundreds of activists. Until now, historians have denied and downplayed the frequency and seriousness of French political violence in favour of an interpretation that emphasises France's weddedness to democracy. Fighting for France demonstrates that the democratic culture of the late Third Republic co-existed with a culture of violence in which the physical punishment of rivals and opponents was considered acceptable. Drawing on the narratives constructed around outbreaks of violence, the book reconstructs the lived experience of fighting and the sense that contemporaries made of conflict. It examines violence in a variety of settings, from the street to the factory floor. A range of actors come under investigation, including fascists, communists, and the police. Fighting for France forces us to reconsider the place of political violence in a democratic society. It transforms our understandings of the course of interwar France and Europe.
Jeffrey Merrick
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195093032
- eISBN:
- 9780199854493
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195093032.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter examines the history of homosexuality, natalism, and the controversy surrounding André Gide's book Corydon in France during the early 1900s. It mentions studies indicating that a vast ...
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This chapter examines the history of homosexuality, natalism, and the controversy surrounding André Gide's book Corydon in France during the early 1900s. It mentions studies indicating that a vast homosexual culture thrived in Paris during the sexual revolution of the interwar years and suggests that this period constituted something of a golden age for French homosexuality. However, Gide's book has shown that tolerance of homosexuality was almost nonexistent outside of the capital and uncommon even within Paris. Many of the men and women who “came out” during this time experienced provincial intolerance, parental dismay, and public antipathy.Less
This chapter examines the history of homosexuality, natalism, and the controversy surrounding André Gide's book Corydon in France during the early 1900s. It mentions studies indicating that a vast homosexual culture thrived in Paris during the sexual revolution of the interwar years and suggests that this period constituted something of a golden age for French homosexuality. However, Gide's book has shown that tolerance of homosexuality was almost nonexistent outside of the capital and uncommon even within Paris. Many of the men and women who “came out” during this time experienced provincial intolerance, parental dismay, and public antipathy.
Laila Haidarali
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781479875108
- eISBN:
- 9781479865499
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479875108.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
Between the Harlem Renaissance and the end of World War II, a discourse that privileged a representative ideal of brown beauty womanhood emerged as one expression of race, class, and women’s status ...
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Between the Harlem Renaissance and the end of World War II, a discourse that privileged a representative ideal of brown beauty womanhood emerged as one expression of race, class, and women’s status in the modern nation. This discourse on brown beauty accrued great cultural currency across the interwar years as it appeared in diverse and multiple forms. Studying artwork and photography; commercial and consumer-oriented advertising; and literature, poetry, and sociological works, this book analyzes African American print culture with a central interest in women’s social history. It explores the diffuse ways that brownness impinged on socially mobile New Negro women in the urban environment during the interwar years and shows how the discourse was constructed as a self-regulating guide directed at an aspiring middle class. By tracing brown’s changing meanings and showing how a visual language of brown grew into a dynamic racial shorthand used to denote modern African American womanhood, Brown Beauty works to unpack a set of intertwined values and judgments, compromises and contradictions, adjustments and resistances, that were fused into social valuations of women.Less
Between the Harlem Renaissance and the end of World War II, a discourse that privileged a representative ideal of brown beauty womanhood emerged as one expression of race, class, and women’s status in the modern nation. This discourse on brown beauty accrued great cultural currency across the interwar years as it appeared in diverse and multiple forms. Studying artwork and photography; commercial and consumer-oriented advertising; and literature, poetry, and sociological works, this book analyzes African American print culture with a central interest in women’s social history. It explores the diffuse ways that brownness impinged on socially mobile New Negro women in the urban environment during the interwar years and shows how the discourse was constructed as a self-regulating guide directed at an aspiring middle class. By tracing brown’s changing meanings and showing how a visual language of brown grew into a dynamic racial shorthand used to denote modern African American womanhood, Brown Beauty works to unpack a set of intertwined values and judgments, compromises and contradictions, adjustments and resistances, that were fused into social valuations of women.
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853237358
- eISBN:
- 9781846317651
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846317651.004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter discusses Irish migration during the interwar years, which were notable for a fundamental change in the nature of international migration. These years were a period during which ...
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This chapter discusses Irish migration during the interwar years, which were notable for a fundamental change in the nature of international migration. These years were a period during which population growth, emigration, and immigration came under close official scrutiny throughout Europe. It is noted that the United States became a much less attractive choice for Irish migrants in the interwar years, with Britain offered opportunities which the United States did not. From the mid-1930s onwards, Britain emerged as the primary terminal for Irish migrants. The issue of Irish migration to Britain continued to be a subject of concern for both the Labour (1929–31) and National (1931–5, 1935–7) governments, and was of sporadic concern to policy makers in Britain. It can be concluded that anxiety existed on occasions in British official circles regarding Irish immigration throughout the interwar period.Less
This chapter discusses Irish migration during the interwar years, which were notable for a fundamental change in the nature of international migration. These years were a period during which population growth, emigration, and immigration came under close official scrutiny throughout Europe. It is noted that the United States became a much less attractive choice for Irish migrants in the interwar years, with Britain offered opportunities which the United States did not. From the mid-1930s onwards, Britain emerged as the primary terminal for Irish migrants. The issue of Irish migration to Britain continued to be a subject of concern for both the Labour (1929–31) and National (1931–5, 1935–7) governments, and was of sporadic concern to policy makers in Britain. It can be concluded that anxiety existed on occasions in British official circles regarding Irish immigration throughout the interwar period.
Jennifer M. Dueck
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195396447
- eISBN:
- 9780199979318
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396447.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, History of Religion, World Modern History
This chapter explores the place of missionaries during the period of French mandate rule over Syria and Lebanon that spanned the decades between two world wars. The Syrian and Lebanese contexts ...
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This chapter explores the place of missionaries during the period of French mandate rule over Syria and Lebanon that spanned the decades between two world wars. The Syrian and Lebanese contexts during the interwar years illustrate the great variety of factors that shaped government-missionary interaction, including diverse local circumstances, shrewd calculation on both sides, and an unstable balance of power between French administrators, missionaries, and local leaders. The French government-missionary relationship in Syria and Lebanon certainly had a coherent foundation, but was also shaped by significant local specificities and conflicts.Less
This chapter explores the place of missionaries during the period of French mandate rule over Syria and Lebanon that spanned the decades between two world wars. The Syrian and Lebanese contexts during the interwar years illustrate the great variety of factors that shaped government-missionary interaction, including diverse local circumstances, shrewd calculation on both sides, and an unstable balance of power between French administrators, missionaries, and local leaders. The French government-missionary relationship in Syria and Lebanon certainly had a coherent foundation, but was also shaped by significant local specificities and conflicts.
Aitor Anduaga
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199562725
- eISBN:
- 9780191721755
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199562725.003.0006
- Subject:
- Physics, History of Physics
This chapter shows how a branch-plant industry tradition and geographical and demographic factors strongly influenced the development of radio industry in Canada. While a small group of companies ...
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This chapter shows how a branch-plant industry tradition and geographical and demographic factors strongly influenced the development of radio industry in Canada. While a small group of companies with American affiliations strove to control patents and to monopolize the market, many small firms specialized in the assembly of imported components and manufacture. This structure, however, promoted little innovation and much mass production. The result was an oligopolistic and successful industry in purely economic terms, while being derivative in technological terms. Consequently, the incentive to R&D, which might have multiplied the openings for qualified personnel (as it did in Australia), was practically non-existent. In short, the Canadian and New Zealand companies were not powerful enough to house industrial laboratories and to absorb the supply of trained manpower that was a fund of expertise and richness for Australia or Britain.Less
This chapter shows how a branch-plant industry tradition and geographical and demographic factors strongly influenced the development of radio industry in Canada. While a small group of companies with American affiliations strove to control patents and to monopolize the market, many small firms specialized in the assembly of imported components and manufacture. This structure, however, promoted little innovation and much mass production. The result was an oligopolistic and successful industry in purely economic terms, while being derivative in technological terms. Consequently, the incentive to R&D, which might have multiplied the openings for qualified personnel (as it did in Australia), was practically non-existent. In short, the Canadian and New Zealand companies were not powerful enough to house industrial laboratories and to absorb the supply of trained manpower that was a fund of expertise and richness for Australia or Britain.
Harold James
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691153407
- eISBN:
- 9781400841868
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691153407.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter details the Krupps' struggles during the aftermath of the war, as the company struggled to find a new role in a state that was reinventing itself dramatically. It describes workplace ...
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This chapter details the Krupps' struggles during the aftermath of the war, as the company struggled to find a new role in a state that was reinventing itself dramatically. It describes workplace struggles, the postwar demilitarization efforts, Krupp's attempts at hidden rearmament, financial troubles, and other difficulties buffeting the company in the aftermath of World War I. The chapter also depicts a period of stabilization and recovery for the company, though the reprieve would be short-lived, as economic depression would strike Germany sometime during the 1920s. In addition, this period heralded the arrival of a new patriarch, Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach II.Less
This chapter details the Krupps' struggles during the aftermath of the war, as the company struggled to find a new role in a state that was reinventing itself dramatically. It describes workplace struggles, the postwar demilitarization efforts, Krupp's attempts at hidden rearmament, financial troubles, and other difficulties buffeting the company in the aftermath of World War I. The chapter also depicts a period of stabilization and recovery for the company, though the reprieve would be short-lived, as economic depression would strike Germany sometime during the 1920s. In addition, this period heralded the arrival of a new patriarch, Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach II.
Anne Power and John Houghton
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861346599
- eISBN:
- 9781447302636
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861346599.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter examines the role that housing and urban policy played in sucking out people in the interwar years, leaving decay and squalor behind. It notes that the reality of poverty, squalor, and ...
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This chapter examines the role that housing and urban policy played in sucking out people in the interwar years, leaving decay and squalor behind. It notes that the reality of poverty, squalor, and disease drove new forms of town planning that were supposed to overcome the endemic problems of urban poverty. It claims however, that one Utopian model of urban and housing planning was developed in the early 20th century with real enthusiasm and exported all over the world. It notes that the Garden City movement managed to combine enterprise and cooperation, houses and gardens with public and social amenities, in a totally new form of philanthropic endeavour that was eventually to capture the imagination of governments. It also looks at the devastating urban consequences of the First World War.Less
This chapter examines the role that housing and urban policy played in sucking out people in the interwar years, leaving decay and squalor behind. It notes that the reality of poverty, squalor, and disease drove new forms of town planning that were supposed to overcome the endemic problems of urban poverty. It claims however, that one Utopian model of urban and housing planning was developed in the early 20th century with real enthusiasm and exported all over the world. It notes that the Garden City movement managed to combine enterprise and cooperation, houses and gardens with public and social amenities, in a totally new form of philanthropic endeavour that was eventually to capture the imagination of governments. It also looks at the devastating urban consequences of the First World War.
Aitor Anduaga
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199562725
- eISBN:
- 9780191721755
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199562725.003.0005
- Subject:
- Physics, History of Physics
Like Australia and Canada, New Zealand tried to emulate a similar model of research organization from Britain, the ‘mother country’. But the newly formed DSIR (Department of Scientific and Industrial ...
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Like Australia and Canada, New Zealand tried to emulate a similar model of research organization from Britain, the ‘mother country’. But the newly formed DSIR (Department of Scientific and Industrial Research), whose main architect was Ernest Marsden, symbolically promoted radio research. Between 1926 and 1937, as imperial science tried to become national, New Zealand failed in its attempt at following in the footprints of neighbouring Australia. The outcome was the Australianization of New Zealand’s radio science. Structural factors underlie this phenomenon: the smallness of market and geographical and demographical limitations favoured the proliferation of subsidiaries of American and Australian companies. These and other circumstances condemned radio to remain in the background, at least until the potential of radar was grasped. New Zealand’s involvement in the Allies’radar programme and the ionospheric prediction service contributed to an unprecedented level of radio research. At the end of World War II, its defensive potential was impressive: six ionospheric stations out of a world total of 50.Less
Like Australia and Canada, New Zealand tried to emulate a similar model of research organization from Britain, the ‘mother country’. But the newly formed DSIR (Department of Scientific and Industrial Research), whose main architect was Ernest Marsden, symbolically promoted radio research. Between 1926 and 1937, as imperial science tried to become national, New Zealand failed in its attempt at following in the footprints of neighbouring Australia. The outcome was the Australianization of New Zealand’s radio science. Structural factors underlie this phenomenon: the smallness of market and geographical and demographical limitations favoured the proliferation of subsidiaries of American and Australian companies. These and other circumstances condemned radio to remain in the background, at least until the potential of radar was grasped. New Zealand’s involvement in the Allies’radar programme and the ionospheric prediction service contributed to an unprecedented level of radio research. At the end of World War II, its defensive potential was impressive: six ionospheric stations out of a world total of 50.
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846312236
- eISBN:
- 9781846315978
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846315978.004
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
This chapter examines the works of fiction related to the London Tube during the interwar years. It investigates how and why modernism engaged with the underground until the beginning of World War II ...
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This chapter examines the works of fiction related to the London Tube during the interwar years. It investigates how and why modernism engaged with the underground until the beginning of World War II and analyzes the relevant writings of Virginia Woolf and Arnold Bennett. This chapter also explores the elements of the so-called Tubism, a formation of artistic, literary and cultural practices and artifacts that emerged during this period.Less
This chapter examines the works of fiction related to the London Tube during the interwar years. It investigates how and why modernism engaged with the underground until the beginning of World War II and analyzes the relevant writings of Virginia Woolf and Arnold Bennett. This chapter also explores the elements of the so-called Tubism, a formation of artistic, literary and cultural practices and artifacts that emerged during this period.
Mike Huggins
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719065286
- eISBN:
- 9781781701669
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719065286.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This book provides a detailed consideration of the history of racing in British culture and society, and explores the cultural world of racing during the interwar years. The book shows how racing ...
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This book provides a detailed consideration of the history of racing in British culture and society, and explores the cultural world of racing during the interwar years. The book shows how racing gave pleasure even to the supposedly respectable middle classes and gave some working-class groups hope and consolation during economically difficult times. Regular attendance and increased spending on betting were found across class and generation, and women too were keen participants. Enjoyed by the royal family and controlled by the Jockey Club and National Hunt Committee, racing's visible emphasis on rank and status helped defend hierarchy and gentlemanly amateurism, and provided support for more conservative British attitudes. The mass media provided a cumulative cultural validation of racing, helping define national and regional identity, and encouraging the affluent consumption of sporting experience and a frank enjoyment of betting. The broader cultural approach of the first half of the book is followed by an exploration if the internal culture of racing itself.Less
This book provides a detailed consideration of the history of racing in British culture and society, and explores the cultural world of racing during the interwar years. The book shows how racing gave pleasure even to the supposedly respectable middle classes and gave some working-class groups hope and consolation during economically difficult times. Regular attendance and increased spending on betting were found across class and generation, and women too were keen participants. Enjoyed by the royal family and controlled by the Jockey Club and National Hunt Committee, racing's visible emphasis on rank and status helped defend hierarchy and gentlemanly amateurism, and provided support for more conservative British attitudes. The mass media provided a cumulative cultural validation of racing, helping define national and regional identity, and encouraging the affluent consumption of sporting experience and a frank enjoyment of betting. The broader cultural approach of the first half of the book is followed by an exploration if the internal culture of racing itself.
Margery Palmer McCulloch
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748634743
- eISBN:
- 9780748651900
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748634743.003.0010
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
This chapter discusses the changes brought to modernist art as a result of the First and Second World Wars, one of which was the contribution of the women writers who became popular during the ...
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This chapter discusses the changes brought to modernist art as a result of the First and Second World Wars, one of which was the contribution of the women writers who became popular during the interwar years. Another change was the emergence of new poets and writers in the 1940s and 1950s. The chapter notes that not all of these new poets can be considered as modernist writers, and that the Scottish modernists of the post-1918 period have forever changed the course of Scottish literature.Less
This chapter discusses the changes brought to modernist art as a result of the First and Second World Wars, one of which was the contribution of the women writers who became popular during the interwar years. Another change was the emergence of new poets and writers in the 1940s and 1950s. The chapter notes that not all of these new poets can be considered as modernist writers, and that the Scottish modernists of the post-1918 period have forever changed the course of Scottish literature.
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846312328
- eISBN:
- 9781846316111
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781846312328.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
This chapter examines the literary treatment of sophistication during the interwar years. It suggests that the 1920s and 1930s can be considered the Age of Sophistication, because they encapsulate ...
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This chapter examines the literary treatment of sophistication during the interwar years. It suggests that the 1920s and 1930s can be considered the Age of Sophistication, because they encapsulate the balancing between nostalgia and modernness which is typical of twentieth–century sophistication. It analyses several relevant works of the period including Noël Coward's play Private Lives, Edith Wharton's novel The Age of Innocence, and F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Beautiful and Damned.Less
This chapter examines the literary treatment of sophistication during the interwar years. It suggests that the 1920s and 1930s can be considered the Age of Sophistication, because they encapsulate the balancing between nostalgia and modernness which is typical of twentieth–century sophistication. It analyses several relevant works of the period including Noël Coward's play Private Lives, Edith Wharton's novel The Age of Innocence, and F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Beautiful and Damned.
Stephen R. Ortiz
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814762134
- eISBN:
- 9780814762561
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814762134.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This introductory chapter examines the transformation of veteran policies throughout the interwar years, one that paralleled the changes to twentieth-century American liberalism during the same ...
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This introductory chapter examines the transformation of veteran policies throughout the interwar years, one that paralleled the changes to twentieth-century American liberalism during the same period. The sweeping Bonus-March-to-GI-Bill narrative is briefly summarized and hence contextualized into the spheres of federal veterans' policy, institutional rivalries between the Veterans of Foreign Wars and the American Legion, and the larger political milieu. Interwar federal policies had provoked repeated political mobilizations by veterans and veteran organizations seeking to reverse or amend those policy decisions. Elected officials in Congress, bureaucrats, and presidents were all forced to conceptualize and implement veterans policy—and in many cases, to reconceptualize it and re-implement it—in response to the strength of veteran organizations' political activism and in deference to the “soldiers' vote.” In the process, veteran issues and veteran politics drew to the epicenter of larger political battles.Less
This introductory chapter examines the transformation of veteran policies throughout the interwar years, one that paralleled the changes to twentieth-century American liberalism during the same period. The sweeping Bonus-March-to-GI-Bill narrative is briefly summarized and hence contextualized into the spheres of federal veterans' policy, institutional rivalries between the Veterans of Foreign Wars and the American Legion, and the larger political milieu. Interwar federal policies had provoked repeated political mobilizations by veterans and veteran organizations seeking to reverse or amend those policy decisions. Elected officials in Congress, bureaucrats, and presidents were all forced to conceptualize and implement veterans policy—and in many cases, to reconceptualize it and re-implement it—in response to the strength of veteran organizations' political activism and in deference to the “soldiers' vote.” In the process, veteran issues and veteran politics drew to the epicenter of larger political battles.
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804781268
- eISBN:
- 9780804782661
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804781268.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter focuses on shopping, particularly the people who circulated and worked in downtown commercial districts in Egypt and the department stores that anchored them. Close examination of the ...
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This chapter focuses on shopping, particularly the people who circulated and worked in downtown commercial districts in Egypt and the department stores that anchored them. Close examination of the histories of stores, their owners and employees, and their customers demonstrates the multiple ways that people identified as Egyptian in the interwar years.Less
This chapter focuses on shopping, particularly the people who circulated and worked in downtown commercial districts in Egypt and the department stores that anchored them. Close examination of the histories of stores, their owners and employees, and their customers demonstrates the multiple ways that people identified as Egyptian in the interwar years.
Dónal Hassett
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198831686
- eISBN:
- 9780191869549
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198831686.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Political History, World Modern History
This book provides the first detailed account of the political legacies of the Great War in colonial Algeria. Drawing on archival and press sources from both sides of the Mediterranean, it traces the ...
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This book provides the first detailed account of the political legacies of the Great War in colonial Algeria. Drawing on archival and press sources from both sides of the Mediterranean, it traces the ways in which political actors from across interwar Algerian society mobilised the memory of the conflict to legitimise their visions of a just post-war order. At the heart of this book is the contention that the First World War gave rise to a common political language that transcended boundaries of race, religion, class, ideology, and gender in the colony. The book’s analysis of a broad range of debates in interwar Algeria illustrates how most political actors in the colony, from the Governor General to the illiterate indigenous war widow, believed that evoking the Great War was the best means of advancing their agendas. Without diminishing the coercive power of the colonial state, it stresses the agency of the citizens and subjects of Algeria who sought to leverage their contribution to the war to enhance their positions within colonial society. In doing so, Mobilising Memory explores the consequences, often unintended, of framing political, social, and economic demands in terms of the Great War. It argues that the predominance of this shared language — grounded in notions of loyalty to and sacrifice for the Empire — meant that most actors in interwar Algeria sought not to break with the imperial polity but rather to renegotiate their place within it. While these efforts rarely proved successful, the book demonstrates how they transformed the practice of politics in the colony.Less
This book provides the first detailed account of the political legacies of the Great War in colonial Algeria. Drawing on archival and press sources from both sides of the Mediterranean, it traces the ways in which political actors from across interwar Algerian society mobilised the memory of the conflict to legitimise their visions of a just post-war order. At the heart of this book is the contention that the First World War gave rise to a common political language that transcended boundaries of race, religion, class, ideology, and gender in the colony. The book’s analysis of a broad range of debates in interwar Algeria illustrates how most political actors in the colony, from the Governor General to the illiterate indigenous war widow, believed that evoking the Great War was the best means of advancing their agendas. Without diminishing the coercive power of the colonial state, it stresses the agency of the citizens and subjects of Algeria who sought to leverage their contribution to the war to enhance their positions within colonial society. In doing so, Mobilising Memory explores the consequences, often unintended, of framing political, social, and economic demands in terms of the Great War. It argues that the predominance of this shared language — grounded in notions of loyalty to and sacrifice for the Empire — meant that most actors in interwar Algeria sought not to break with the imperial polity but rather to renegotiate their place within it. While these efforts rarely proved successful, the book demonstrates how they transformed the practice of politics in the colony.
Wing Chung Ng
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252039119
- eISBN:
- 9780252097096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252039119.003.0007
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter provides an overview on the spread of theater activities in the wake of massive emigration from Guangdong to Southeast Asia and North America from the mid-nineteenth century to the eve ...
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This chapter provides an overview on the spread of theater activities in the wake of massive emigration from Guangdong to Southeast Asia and North America from the mid-nineteenth century to the eve of the Pacific War. Extant records indicate a historical outline with three succeeding phases: (1) the opening period from the 1850s to the 1880s, when Cantonese opera activities were noticed in various locations on the heels of the first major wave of migration from the Pearl River Delta region to different parts of the Pacific Basin; (2) the intermediate period from the 1890s to the 1910s, with ups and downs registered in different places according to specific conditions; and (3) the interwar years of the 1920s and the early 1930s, when Cantonese opera, as a transnational theater, achieved unprecedented vibrancy.Less
This chapter provides an overview on the spread of theater activities in the wake of massive emigration from Guangdong to Southeast Asia and North America from the mid-nineteenth century to the eve of the Pacific War. Extant records indicate a historical outline with three succeeding phases: (1) the opening period from the 1850s to the 1880s, when Cantonese opera activities were noticed in various locations on the heels of the first major wave of migration from the Pearl River Delta region to different parts of the Pacific Basin; (2) the intermediate period from the 1890s to the 1910s, with ups and downs registered in different places according to specific conditions; and (3) the interwar years of the 1920s and the early 1930s, when Cantonese opera, as a transnational theater, achieved unprecedented vibrancy.
Betty Livingston Adams
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814745465
- eISBN:
- 9781479880324
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814745465.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter examines newly enfranchised black women’s public presence and Christian activism in the interwar years. No longer fighting a Southern problem, they focused their New Negro militancy on ...
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This chapter examines newly enfranchised black women’s public presence and Christian activism in the interwar years. No longer fighting a Southern problem, they focused their New Negro militancy on economic and social discrimination, health and housing, state and mob violence, and the abuse of black women. As white supremacy outpaced interracial dialogue, and the Great Depression increased segregated space in the New Jersey suburb’s schools and YMCA, black women tried to arouse the consciences of white women by calling for a united womanhood in support of the NAACP, Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill, Anti-Lynching Crusade, and Church Women’s Committee Interracial Movement. Despite the Northern expansion of segregation and the Ku Klux Klan, the suppression of Southern black women’s votes, and increased racial violence, few white suburbanites considered these legitimate issues of religion, feminism, or maternalism or pressed for social justice across the color line.Less
This chapter examines newly enfranchised black women’s public presence and Christian activism in the interwar years. No longer fighting a Southern problem, they focused their New Negro militancy on economic and social discrimination, health and housing, state and mob violence, and the abuse of black women. As white supremacy outpaced interracial dialogue, and the Great Depression increased segregated space in the New Jersey suburb’s schools and YMCA, black women tried to arouse the consciences of white women by calling for a united womanhood in support of the NAACP, Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill, Anti-Lynching Crusade, and Church Women’s Committee Interracial Movement. Despite the Northern expansion of segregation and the Ku Klux Klan, the suppression of Southern black women’s votes, and increased racial violence, few white suburbanites considered these legitimate issues of religion, feminism, or maternalism or pressed for social justice across the color line.
Joseph F. Kett
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801451225
- eISBN:
- 9780801467677
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801451225.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter carries the story of testing from its inception before World War I through the interwar years. By dismembering the individual into sundry traits and attributes—scholarship, industry, ...
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This chapter carries the story of testing from its inception before World War I through the interwar years. By dismembering the individual into sundry traits and attributes—scholarship, industry, attentiveness, deportment—each one measurable and therefore improvable, the report cards favored by public educators after 1840 encouraged self-betterment but made no explicit attempt to forecast destinies. Forecasting destinies became important as the role of institutions and inherited social structures in shaping the lives of citizens came to be recognized. Dependence on institutional clients quickly became a feature of the American testing movement and shaped its trajectory. Most testers initially believed that intelligence was a fixed, heritable entity that was indispensable to progress, but their experience with institutional clients led them to doubt connections between high measured intelligence and such public benefits as superior productivity.Less
This chapter carries the story of testing from its inception before World War I through the interwar years. By dismembering the individual into sundry traits and attributes—scholarship, industry, attentiveness, deportment—each one measurable and therefore improvable, the report cards favored by public educators after 1840 encouraged self-betterment but made no explicit attempt to forecast destinies. Forecasting destinies became important as the role of institutions and inherited social structures in shaping the lives of citizens came to be recognized. Dependence on institutional clients quickly became a feature of the American testing movement and shaped its trajectory. Most testers initially believed that intelligence was a fixed, heritable entity that was indispensable to progress, but their experience with institutional clients led them to doubt connections between high measured intelligence and such public benefits as superior productivity.
