Erika Kuhlman
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814748398
- eISBN:
- 9780814749050
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814748398.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
During and especially after World War I, the millions of black-clad widows on the streets of Europe's cities were a constant reminder that war caused carnage on a vast scale. But widows were far more ...
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During and especially after World War I, the millions of black-clad widows on the streets of Europe's cities were a constant reminder that war caused carnage on a vast scale. But widows were far more than just a reminder of the war's fallen soldiers; they were literal and figurative actresses in how nations crafted their identities in the interwar era. This book compares the ways in which German and American widows experienced their postwar status, and how that played into the cultures of mourning in their two nations: one defeated, the other victorious. Each nation used widows and war dead as symbols to either uphold their victory or disengage from their defeat, but this book, parsing both German and U.S. primary sources, compares widows' lived experiences to public memory. For some widows, government compensation in the form of military-style awards sufficed. For others, their own deprivations, combined with those suffered by widows living in other nations, became the touchstone of a transnational awareness of the absurdity of war and the need to prevent it.Less
During and especially after World War I, the millions of black-clad widows on the streets of Europe's cities were a constant reminder that war caused carnage on a vast scale. But widows were far more than just a reminder of the war's fallen soldiers; they were literal and figurative actresses in how nations crafted their identities in the interwar era. This book compares the ways in which German and American widows experienced their postwar status, and how that played into the cultures of mourning in their two nations: one defeated, the other victorious. Each nation used widows and war dead as symbols to either uphold their victory or disengage from their defeat, but this book, parsing both German and U.S. primary sources, compares widows' lived experiences to public memory. For some widows, government compensation in the form of military-style awards sufficed. For others, their own deprivations, combined with those suffered by widows living in other nations, became the touchstone of a transnational awareness of the absurdity of war and the need to prevent it.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804763431
- eISBN:
- 9780804772556
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804763431.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter discusses the influential role of Egyptian daily newspapers in the interwar era. The daily newspaper was the dominant agent in print culture, the most widely read source of information ...
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This chapter discusses the influential role of Egyptian daily newspapers in the interwar era. The daily newspaper was the dominant agent in print culture, the most widely read source of information with the highest circulation. In the interwar era, Egypt's leading dailies were also Arab dailies that were distributed and read in other Arab countries. Tracing their coverage of and immediate reaction to international affairs indicates how contemporary politics, specifically the political and ideological rivalry between the European democracies and their authoritarian challengers, was understood by Egyptians.Less
This chapter discusses the influential role of Egyptian daily newspapers in the interwar era. The daily newspaper was the dominant agent in print culture, the most widely read source of information with the highest circulation. In the interwar era, Egypt's leading dailies were also Arab dailies that were distributed and read in other Arab countries. Tracing their coverage of and immediate reaction to international affairs indicates how contemporary politics, specifically the political and ideological rivalry between the European democracies and their authoritarian challengers, was understood by Egyptians.
Gil-li Vardi
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199596737
- eISBN:
- 9780191803543
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199596737.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory, International Relations and Politics
This chapter examines the generators of change in the way war is waged and the conditions without which change — whether intended, incidental, or even undesired — is not likely to take place. Using ...
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This chapter examines the generators of change in the way war is waged and the conditions without which change — whether intended, incidental, or even undesired — is not likely to take place. Using the German army of the interwar era as an example, it considers military culture as a mediator of external pressures for change and technology as a generator of change. It also compares the German experience with another army that faced tremendous political and economic transformations in the interwar era — the Red Army.Less
This chapter examines the generators of change in the way war is waged and the conditions without which change — whether intended, incidental, or even undesired — is not likely to take place. Using the German army of the interwar era as an example, it considers military culture as a mediator of external pressures for change and technology as a generator of change. It also compares the German experience with another army that faced tremendous political and economic transformations in the interwar era — the Red Army.
Israel Gershoni and James Jankowski
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804763431
- eISBN:
- 9780804772556
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804763431.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This book offers a new reading of the political and intellectual culture of Egypt during the interwar era. Though scholarship has commonly emphasized Arab political and military support of Axis ...
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This book offers a new reading of the political and intellectual culture of Egypt during the interwar era. Though scholarship has commonly emphasized Arab political and military support of Axis powers, this work reveals that the shapers of Egyptian public opinion were largely unreceptive to fascism, openly rejecting totalitarian ideas and practices, Nazi racism, and Italy's and Germany's expansionist and imperialist agendas. The majority (although not all) of Egyptian voices supported liberal democracy against the fascist challenge, and most Egyptians sought to improve and reform, rather than to replace and destroy, the existing constitutional and parliamentary system. The book places Egyptian public discourse in the broader context of the complex public sphere within which debate unfolded—in Egypt's large and vibrant network of daily newspapers, as well as the weekly or monthly opinion journals—emphasizing the open, diverse, and pluralistic nature of the interwar political and cultural arena. In examining Muslim views of fascism at the moment when classical fascism was at its peak, this book seriously challenges the recent assumption of an inherent Muslim predisposition toward authoritarianism, totalitarianism, and “Islamo–Fascism”.Less
This book offers a new reading of the political and intellectual culture of Egypt during the interwar era. Though scholarship has commonly emphasized Arab political and military support of Axis powers, this work reveals that the shapers of Egyptian public opinion were largely unreceptive to fascism, openly rejecting totalitarian ideas and practices, Nazi racism, and Italy's and Germany's expansionist and imperialist agendas. The majority (although not all) of Egyptian voices supported liberal democracy against the fascist challenge, and most Egyptians sought to improve and reform, rather than to replace and destroy, the existing constitutional and parliamentary system. The book places Egyptian public discourse in the broader context of the complex public sphere within which debate unfolded—in Egypt's large and vibrant network of daily newspapers, as well as the weekly or monthly opinion journals—emphasizing the open, diverse, and pluralistic nature of the interwar political and cultural arena. In examining Muslim views of fascism at the moment when classical fascism was at its peak, this book seriously challenges the recent assumption of an inherent Muslim predisposition toward authoritarianism, totalitarianism, and “Islamo–Fascism”.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804763431
- eISBN:
- 9780804772556
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804763431.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter discusses visual images as expressions of Egyptian commentary on contemporary issues during the interwar era. The illustrated journal was a unique press genre intended to serve as a ...
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This chapter discusses visual images as expressions of Egyptian commentary on contemporary issues during the interwar era. The illustrated journal was a unique press genre intended to serve as a medium of communication via the use of photographs, illustrations, and caricatures. Generally appearing as a weekly publication, illustrated periodicals began to appear in the cultural consumer market in the late nineteenth century. With the expansion of Egypt's politically aware consumer public under the parliamentary monarchy, it was a genre that developed rapidly and flourished between the two world wars. By the 1930s, against the background of political and economic crisis as well as rapid social and cultural change, the illustrated periodical reached new heights of popularity and circulation.Less
This chapter discusses visual images as expressions of Egyptian commentary on contemporary issues during the interwar era. The illustrated journal was a unique press genre intended to serve as a medium of communication via the use of photographs, illustrations, and caricatures. Generally appearing as a weekly publication, illustrated periodicals began to appear in the cultural consumer market in the late nineteenth century. With the expansion of Egypt's politically aware consumer public under the parliamentary monarchy, it was a genre that developed rapidly and flourished between the two world wars. By the 1930s, against the background of political and economic crisis as well as rapid social and cultural change, the illustrated periodical reached new heights of popularity and circulation.
