Jorge Delva, Paula Allen-Meares, and Sandra L. Momper
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195382501
- eISBN:
- 9780199777419
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195382501.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
The purpose of the book is to provide researchers with a framework to conduct research in a culturally sensitive manner with individuals, families, and communities in diverse cultural settings in the ...
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The purpose of the book is to provide researchers with a framework to conduct research in a culturally sensitive manner with individuals, families, and communities in diverse cultural settings in the United States, as well as in a global context within the context of three aims: (1) To understand and describe the nature and extent to which a particular problem occurs; (2) To understand the etiology or potential factors associated with the occurrence of a particular problem; (3) To evaluate programs or interventions designed to ameliorate or eliminate a problem. For each of these three aims, applications of different research methods with various population groups are discussed with considerable detail. The work presented falls into different sides of the emic–etic continuum, with some studies taking a more emic perspective (i.e., Chapter 2, a mixed methods study with American Indian populations), others presenting more of an etic approach (i.e., Chapter 3, a multicountry study of drug use in Central America), and yet others presenting an emic–etic distinction that is less salient (i.e., Chapters 4–6, a longitudinal studies of ecological factors and drug use in Santiago, Chile; a longitudinal study of ecological factors and PTSD in the City of Detroit; and a randomized clinical trial and community-based participatory research project both also conducted in Detroit). Two central themes that guided this work are that culture is not static, rather it is fluid and changing, and that cross-cultural researchers should avoid making sweeping generalizations that risk taking on essentialist characteristics. The book concludes with a call for anyone conducting cross-cultural research to include an intersectionality lens, one that encompasses a broader range of multiple identities, into their work.Less
The purpose of the book is to provide researchers with a framework to conduct research in a culturally sensitive manner with individuals, families, and communities in diverse cultural settings in the United States, as well as in a global context within the context of three aims: (1) To understand and describe the nature and extent to which a particular problem occurs; (2) To understand the etiology or potential factors associated with the occurrence of a particular problem; (3) To evaluate programs or interventions designed to ameliorate or eliminate a problem. For each of these three aims, applications of different research methods with various population groups are discussed with considerable detail. The work presented falls into different sides of the emic–etic continuum, with some studies taking a more emic perspective (i.e., Chapter 2, a mixed methods study with American Indian populations), others presenting more of an etic approach (i.e., Chapter 3, a multicountry study of drug use in Central America), and yet others presenting an emic–etic distinction that is less salient (i.e., Chapters 4–6, a longitudinal studies of ecological factors and drug use in Santiago, Chile; a longitudinal study of ecological factors and PTSD in the City of Detroit; and a randomized clinical trial and community-based participatory research project both also conducted in Detroit). Two central themes that guided this work are that culture is not static, rather it is fluid and changing, and that cross-cultural researchers should avoid making sweeping generalizations that risk taking on essentialist characteristics. The book concludes with a call for anyone conducting cross-cultural research to include an intersectionality lens, one that encompasses a broader range of multiple identities, into their work.
Jorge Delva, Paula Allen-Meares, and Sandra L. Momper
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195382501
- eISBN:
- 9780199777419
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195382501.003.0007
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
We conclude the book by summarizing the numerous experiences presented in the book of culturally appropriate implementation of various methods that social work researchers and those in allied ...
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We conclude the book by summarizing the numerous experiences presented in the book of culturally appropriate implementation of various methods that social work researchers and those in allied disciplines may utilize to conduct research in the United States and internationally. We note that some of these projects rely on a more emic perspective, others take an etic approach, and yet others utilize a combination of these. We purposely decided to offer readers an approach to conduct research, one that emphasized being sensitive to the individual without relying on broad statements about groups. We believe this “tailoring” approach and the examination of multiple identities are more informative than one that relies on overly broad and potentially inaccurate generalizations about people that take on essentialist (i.e., static or unchanging) characteristics and that consider single identities.Less
We conclude the book by summarizing the numerous experiences presented in the book of culturally appropriate implementation of various methods that social work researchers and those in allied disciplines may utilize to conduct research in the United States and internationally. We note that some of these projects rely on a more emic perspective, others take an etic approach, and yet others utilize a combination of these. We purposely decided to offer readers an approach to conduct research, one that emphasized being sensitive to the individual without relying on broad statements about groups. We believe this “tailoring” approach and the examination of multiple identities are more informative than one that relies on overly broad and potentially inaccurate generalizations about people that take on essentialist (i.e., static or unchanging) characteristics and that consider single identities.
Angela Jones
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781479842964
- eISBN:
- 9781479829422
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479842964.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
Camming is based on a five-year mixed-methods study of the erotic webcam industry, and tells a pornographic story about the multibillion-dollar online sex industry colloquially called “camming.” ...
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Camming is based on a five-year mixed-methods study of the erotic webcam industry, and tells a pornographic story about the multibillion-dollar online sex industry colloquially called “camming.” Through camming, millions of people from all over the globe have found decent wages, friendship, intimacy, community, empowerment, and pleasure. This deeply rich book is filled with the stories of a diverse sample of cam models from around the world. This book is not a utopian tale. Cam models, like all sex workers, must grapple with exploitation, discrimination, harassment, and stigmatization. Using an intersectional lens, Jones is attentive to how the overlapping systems of neoliberal capitalism, White supremacy, patriarchy, cissexism, heterosexism, and ableism shape all cam models’ experiences in this new global sex industry. This thorough examination of the camming industry provides a unique vantage point from which to understand and theorize around gender, sexuality, race, and labor in a time when workers globally face increasing economic precariousness and worsened forms of alienation, and desperately desire to recapture pleasure in work. Despite the serious issues cam models face, Jones’s focus on pleasure will help people better understand the motivations for engaging in online sex work, as well as the complex social interactions between cam models and customers. In Camming, Jones pioneers an entirely new subfield in sociology—the sociology of pleasure. The sociology of pleasure can provide new insights into the motivation for social behavior and assist sociologists in analyzing social interactions in everyday life.Less
Camming is based on a five-year mixed-methods study of the erotic webcam industry, and tells a pornographic story about the multibillion-dollar online sex industry colloquially called “camming.” Through camming, millions of people from all over the globe have found decent wages, friendship, intimacy, community, empowerment, and pleasure. This deeply rich book is filled with the stories of a diverse sample of cam models from around the world. This book is not a utopian tale. Cam models, like all sex workers, must grapple with exploitation, discrimination, harassment, and stigmatization. Using an intersectional lens, Jones is attentive to how the overlapping systems of neoliberal capitalism, White supremacy, patriarchy, cissexism, heterosexism, and ableism shape all cam models’ experiences in this new global sex industry. This thorough examination of the camming industry provides a unique vantage point from which to understand and theorize around gender, sexuality, race, and labor in a time when workers globally face increasing economic precariousness and worsened forms of alienation, and desperately desire to recapture pleasure in work. Despite the serious issues cam models face, Jones’s focus on pleasure will help people better understand the motivations for engaging in online sex work, as well as the complex social interactions between cam models and customers. In Camming, Jones pioneers an entirely new subfield in sociology—the sociology of pleasure. The sociology of pleasure can provide new insights into the motivation for social behavior and assist sociologists in analyzing social interactions in everyday life.
Linda McDowell
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197262863
- eISBN:
- 9780191734076
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197262863.003.0020
- Subject:
- Sociology, Population and Demography
Divisions based on the assumption that men and women are different from one another permeate all areas of social life as well as varying across space and between places. In the home and in the ...
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Divisions based on the assumption that men and women are different from one another permeate all areas of social life as well as varying across space and between places. In the home and in the family, in the classroom or in the labour market, in politics, and in power relations, men and women are assumed to be different, to have distinct rights and obligations that affect their daily lives and their standard of living. Thirty years ago, there were no courses about gender in British geography departments. This chapter discusses the challenges to geographical knowledge, and to the definition of knowledge more generally, that have arisen from critical debates about the meaning of difference and diversity in feminist scholarship. It examines a number of significant conceptual ideas, namely: the public and the private; sex, gender and body; difference, identity and intersectionality; knowledge; and justice. Finally, it comments on the role of feminism in the academy as a set of political practices as well as epistemological claims.Less
Divisions based on the assumption that men and women are different from one another permeate all areas of social life as well as varying across space and between places. In the home and in the family, in the classroom or in the labour market, in politics, and in power relations, men and women are assumed to be different, to have distinct rights and obligations that affect their daily lives and their standard of living. Thirty years ago, there were no courses about gender in British geography departments. This chapter discusses the challenges to geographical knowledge, and to the definition of knowledge more generally, that have arisen from critical debates about the meaning of difference and diversity in feminist scholarship. It examines a number of significant conceptual ideas, namely: the public and the private; sex, gender and body; difference, identity and intersectionality; knowledge; and justice. Finally, it comments on the role of feminism in the academy as a set of political practices as well as epistemological claims.
Jorge Delva, Paula Allen-Meares, and Sandra L. Momper
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195382501
- eISBN:
- 9780199777419
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195382501.003.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
In this chapter, we define cross-cultural research, describe the framework that overall guides our work and that, in particular, guided our work, and provide an overview of the various research ...
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In this chapter, we define cross-cultural research, describe the framework that overall guides our work and that, in particular, guided our work, and provide an overview of the various research methods that are discussed in the book, including the populations studied. These projects fall into different points of the emic–etic continuum, with some studies taking a more emic approach, others a more etic approach, and yet others presenting an emic–etic distinction that is less salient. We also present the central themes that influenced the writing of this book. These themes consider culture as a fluid and changing entity and invite cross-cultural researchers to avoid making sweeping generalizations that risk taking on essentialist characteristics. In this chapter we set the stage for a discussion about cross-cultural research needing to include an intersectionality lens, one that encompasses a broader range of multiple identities, to better understand the complexity and diversity of human behavior.Less
In this chapter, we define cross-cultural research, describe the framework that overall guides our work and that, in particular, guided our work, and provide an overview of the various research methods that are discussed in the book, including the populations studied. These projects fall into different points of the emic–etic continuum, with some studies taking a more emic approach, others a more etic approach, and yet others presenting an emic–etic distinction that is less salient. We also present the central themes that influenced the writing of this book. These themes consider culture as a fluid and changing entity and invite cross-cultural researchers to avoid making sweeping generalizations that risk taking on essentialist characteristics. In this chapter we set the stage for a discussion about cross-cultural research needing to include an intersectionality lens, one that encompasses a broader range of multiple identities, to better understand the complexity and diversity of human behavior.
Michelle Madden Dempsey
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199562169
- eISBN:
- 9780191705298
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199562169.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, Philosophy of Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
This chapter offers an account of patriarchy, understood here as a wrongful structural inequality against which feminism is concerned to act. By providing an account of what being patriarchal means, ...
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This chapter offers an account of patriarchy, understood here as a wrongful structural inequality against which feminism is concerned to act. By providing an account of what being patriarchal means, it seeks to illuminate by contrast what it means to be feminist, and thus to clarify the book's overarching thesis that ceteris paribus domestic-violence prosecutors should be feminists. After setting its discussion within the context of intersectionality discourse, the chapter proceeds to unpack the wrongness of patriarchy in terms of its tendency to limit systematically women's access to options that are critical to the success of their lives. This tendency is elaborated by way of a tripartite analysis in which it is claimed that patriarchy may consist in sex discrimination (denying valuable options to women based on misconceptions), sexism (denying valuable options based on a failure to value women), and/or misogyny (malicious securing disvalue for women).Less
This chapter offers an account of patriarchy, understood here as a wrongful structural inequality against which feminism is concerned to act. By providing an account of what being patriarchal means, it seeks to illuminate by contrast what it means to be feminist, and thus to clarify the book's overarching thesis that ceteris paribus domestic-violence prosecutors should be feminists. After setting its discussion within the context of intersectionality discourse, the chapter proceeds to unpack the wrongness of patriarchy in terms of its tendency to limit systematically women's access to options that are critical to the success of their lives. This tendency is elaborated by way of a tripartite analysis in which it is claimed that patriarchy may consist in sex discrimination (denying valuable options to women based on misconceptions), sexism (denying valuable options based on a failure to value women), and/or misogyny (malicious securing disvalue for women).
James Ptacek
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195335484
- eISBN:
- 9780199864331
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335484.003.0013
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Crime and Justice
In this concluding chapter, the commonalities and differences among the books’ contributors are discussed. In particular, the various meanings given to “justice” and “restoration” by the authors are ...
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In this concluding chapter, the commonalities and differences among the books’ contributors are discussed. In particular, the various meanings given to “justice” and “restoration” by the authors are considered. If justice is seen as, in part, an experience, the question is raised as to where, in the practices described in the book, justice is thought to happen. The chapter ends with recommendations concerning new justice practices that address violence against women, with an emphasis on screening for abuse, advocate-researcher collaborations, and evaluation research.Less
In this concluding chapter, the commonalities and differences among the books’ contributors are discussed. In particular, the various meanings given to “justice” and “restoration” by the authors are considered. If justice is seen as, in part, an experience, the question is raised as to where, in the practices described in the book, justice is thought to happen. The chapter ends with recommendations concerning new justice practices that address violence against women, with an emphasis on screening for abuse, advocate-researcher collaborations, and evaluation research.
Mimi Kim
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195335484
- eISBN:
- 9780199864331
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335484.003.0009
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Crime and Justice
This chapter introduces the “community-based intervention approach” of Creative Interventions, an organization established to create and promote collective interventions to interpersonal violence. ...
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This chapter introduces the “community-based intervention approach” of Creative Interventions, an organization established to create and promote collective interventions to interpersonal violence. This approach is part of a growing effort to create alternative strategies which do not rely on social services or the state. The chapter opens with a contribution to the StoryTelling & Organizing Project which documents community efforts to address and end violence. The story of how a Maori family prevents child abuse illustrates the capacity for communities to create more flexible and effective responses to violence. Kim also shares the principles underlying the Community-Based Interventions Project, a pilot project creating an alternative model for violence intervention. These principles and practices challenge the individualistic, binary assumptions of conventional feminism which align with an emphasis on criminalization. The chapter ends with observations based upon the early implementation experiences of Creative Interventions and the successes and contradictions they suggest.Less
This chapter introduces the “community-based intervention approach” of Creative Interventions, an organization established to create and promote collective interventions to interpersonal violence. This approach is part of a growing effort to create alternative strategies which do not rely on social services or the state. The chapter opens with a contribution to the StoryTelling & Organizing Project which documents community efforts to address and end violence. The story of how a Maori family prevents child abuse illustrates the capacity for communities to create more flexible and effective responses to violence. Kim also shares the principles underlying the Community-Based Interventions Project, a pilot project creating an alternative model for violence intervention. These principles and practices challenge the individualistic, binary assumptions of conventional feminism which align with an emphasis on criminalization. The chapter ends with observations based upon the early implementation experiences of Creative Interventions and the successes and contradictions they suggest.
Andrew King, Kathryn Almack, and Rebecca L. Jones (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781447333029
- eISBN:
- 9781447333043
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447333029.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality
With an increasingly diverse ageing population, we need to expand our understanding of how social divisions intersect to affect outcomes in later life. This edited collection examines ageing, gender ...
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With an increasingly diverse ageing population, we need to expand our understanding of how social divisions intersect to affect outcomes in later life. This edited collection examines ageing, gender and sexualities from multidisciplinary and geographically diverse perspectives and looks at how these factors combine with other social divisions to affect experiences of ageing. It draws on theory and empirical data to provide both conceptual knowledge and clear ‘real-world’ illustrations, and includes section introductions to guide the reader through the debates and ideas.Less
With an increasingly diverse ageing population, we need to expand our understanding of how social divisions intersect to affect outcomes in later life. This edited collection examines ageing, gender and sexualities from multidisciplinary and geographically diverse perspectives and looks at how these factors combine with other social divisions to affect experiences of ageing. It draws on theory and empirical data to provide both conceptual knowledge and clear ‘real-world’ illustrations, and includes section introductions to guide the reader through the debates and ideas.
Éléonore Lépinard
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- March 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190077150
- eISBN:
- 9780190077198
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190077150.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality, Social Movements and Social Change
For more than two decades Islamic veils, niqabs, and burkinis have been the object of intense public scrutiny and legal regulations in many Western countries, especially in Europe, and feminists have ...
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For more than two decades Islamic veils, niqabs, and burkinis have been the object of intense public scrutiny and legal regulations in many Western countries, especially in Europe, and feminists have been actively engaged on both sides of the debates: defending ardently strict prohibitions to ensure Muslim women’s emancipation, or, by contrast, promoting accommodation in the name of women’s religious agency and a more inclusive feminist movement. These recent developments have unfolded in a context of rising right-wing populism in Europe and have fueled “femonationalism,” that is, the instrumentalization of women’s rights for xenophobic agendas. This book explores this contemporary troubled context for feminism, its current divisions, and its future. It investigates how these changes have transformed contemporary feminist movements, intersectionality politics, and the feminist collective subject, and how feminists have been enrolled in the femonationalist project or, conversely, have resisted it in two contexts: France and Quebec. It provides new empirical data on contemporary feminist activists, as well as a critical normative argument about the subject and future of feminism. It makes a contribution to intersectionality theory by reflecting on the dynamics of convergence and difference between race and religion. At the normative level, the book provides an original addition to vivid debates in feminist political theory and philosophy on the subject of feminism. It argues that feminism is better understood not as centered around an identity—women— but around what it calls a feminist ethic of responsibility, which foregrounds a pragmatist moral approach to the feminist project.Less
For more than two decades Islamic veils, niqabs, and burkinis have been the object of intense public scrutiny and legal regulations in many Western countries, especially in Europe, and feminists have been actively engaged on both sides of the debates: defending ardently strict prohibitions to ensure Muslim women’s emancipation, or, by contrast, promoting accommodation in the name of women’s religious agency and a more inclusive feminist movement. These recent developments have unfolded in a context of rising right-wing populism in Europe and have fueled “femonationalism,” that is, the instrumentalization of women’s rights for xenophobic agendas. This book explores this contemporary troubled context for feminism, its current divisions, and its future. It investigates how these changes have transformed contemporary feminist movements, intersectionality politics, and the feminist collective subject, and how feminists have been enrolled in the femonationalist project or, conversely, have resisted it in two contexts: France and Quebec. It provides new empirical data on contemporary feminist activists, as well as a critical normative argument about the subject and future of feminism. It makes a contribution to intersectionality theory by reflecting on the dynamics of convergence and difference between race and religion. At the normative level, the book provides an original addition to vivid debates in feminist political theory and philosophy on the subject of feminism. It argues that feminism is better understood not as centered around an identity—women— but around what it calls a feminist ethic of responsibility, which foregrounds a pragmatist moral approach to the feminist project.
Ann Garry
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199855469
- eISBN:
- 9780199932788
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199855469.003.0019
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Feminist Philosophy
Both traditional philosophy and feminist philosophy stand to gain in richness, inclusivity, and applicability to real life by reflecting intersectional analyses in their theories. I encourage such ...
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Both traditional philosophy and feminist philosophy stand to gain in richness, inclusivity, and applicability to real life by reflecting intersectional analyses in their theories. I encourage such reflection by advocating a concept of intersectionality based on family resemblance analyses. I caution against asking too much of intersectionality or of the metaphors used to explain it: intersectionality provides standards for the uses of methods or frameworks rather than theories of power, oppression, agency, or identity. I test my approach against María Lugones's argument in “Heterosexualism and the Colonial/Modern Gender System” (Hypatia 2007) to determine, in particular, whether we can successfully resist a move to create multiple genders for women. If we can resist this move, then we can answer the objection that intersectionality fragments women both theoretically and politically. My intention is to present a modest and flexible concept of intersectionality that can be of use to many kinds of philosophers and other theorists.Less
Both traditional philosophy and feminist philosophy stand to gain in richness, inclusivity, and applicability to real life by reflecting intersectional analyses in their theories. I encourage such reflection by advocating a concept of intersectionality based on family resemblance analyses. I caution against asking too much of intersectionality or of the metaphors used to explain it: intersectionality provides standards for the uses of methods or frameworks rather than theories of power, oppression, agency, or identity. I test my approach against María Lugones's argument in “Heterosexualism and the Colonial/Modern Gender System” (Hypatia 2007) to determine, in particular, whether we can successfully resist a move to create multiple genders for women. If we can resist this move, then we can answer the objection that intersectionality fragments women both theoretically and politically. My intention is to present a modest and flexible concept of intersectionality that can be of use to many kinds of philosophers and other theorists.
Eugene Aisenberg, Gita Mehrotra, Amelia Gavin, and Jennifer Bowman
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195369595
- eISBN:
- 9780199865215
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195369595.003.0009
- Subject:
- Social Work, Crime and Justice
Previous chapters of the book have provided current findings on risk factors, protective factors, and outcomes of violence exposure in children. This chapter summarizes important findings on ...
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Previous chapters of the book have provided current findings on risk factors, protective factors, and outcomes of violence exposure in children. This chapter summarizes important findings on prevention and intervention programs. While research shows that violence can be addressed through planned interventions, fundamental questions remain about the nature of violence and its root causes; how violence is perceived; and how it is conceptualized and understood in research and practice. Also, as discussed throughout the book, gender and ethnicity are important variables that help shape the context of violence. Yet, the role of gender, ethnicity, and other social identities in the etiology and prevention of violence remain only partly understood. Issues of culture, oppression, and discrimination also require further discussion to arrive at a more complete understanding of violence in context.This chapter seeks to highlight the role of culture in framing an individual’s beliefs and understanding of violence. It also discusses issues of structural inequality, social power, and dominance of one group over others, and the ways in which these factors perpetuate violence at a societal level. Additionally, the chapter discusses the intersection of identity categories, such as gender, age, race, ethnicity, class, religion, sexual orientation, immigration history, and poverty in relation to violence. The intent is to begin a conversation about a paradigm shift in which these issues are considered more fully in violence research, theory, and practice.Less
Previous chapters of the book have provided current findings on risk factors, protective factors, and outcomes of violence exposure in children. This chapter summarizes important findings on prevention and intervention programs. While research shows that violence can be addressed through planned interventions, fundamental questions remain about the nature of violence and its root causes; how violence is perceived; and how it is conceptualized and understood in research and practice. Also, as discussed throughout the book, gender and ethnicity are important variables that help shape the context of violence. Yet, the role of gender, ethnicity, and other social identities in the etiology and prevention of violence remain only partly understood. Issues of culture, oppression, and discrimination also require further discussion to arrive at a more complete understanding of violence in context.This chapter seeks to highlight the role of culture in framing an individual’s beliefs and understanding of violence. It also discusses issues of structural inequality, social power, and dominance of one group over others, and the ways in which these factors perpetuate violence at a societal level. Additionally, the chapter discusses the intersection of identity categories, such as gender, age, race, ethnicity, class, religion, sexual orientation, immigration history, and poverty in relation to violence. The intent is to begin a conversation about a paradigm shift in which these issues are considered more fully in violence research, theory, and practice.
Mark Bell
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199297849
- eISBN:
- 9780191711565
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199297849.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, EU Law
This chapter examines the meaning of the concepts of ‘race’, ethnicity, and racism in the enlarged European Union. Drawing upon sociological literature, it analyzes the meaning of these terms and ...
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This chapter examines the meaning of the concepts of ‘race’, ethnicity, and racism in the enlarged European Union. Drawing upon sociological literature, it analyzes the meaning of these terms and examines their use in legal texts. It considers the principal groups vulnerable to racism in Europe and the relevance of intersectionality (where discrimination is encountered on more than one ground).Less
This chapter examines the meaning of the concepts of ‘race’, ethnicity, and racism in the enlarged European Union. Drawing upon sociological literature, it analyzes the meaning of these terms and examines their use in legal texts. It considers the principal groups vulnerable to racism in Europe and the relevance of intersectionality (where discrimination is encountered on more than one ground).
Mark Bell
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199297849
- eISBN:
- 9780191711565
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199297849.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, EU Law
This chapter examines the meaning of equality, in the context of racism. It identifies two dominant concepts of equality: formal and substantive. It analyses critically the usefulness and ...
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This chapter examines the meaning of equality, in the context of racism. It identifies two dominant concepts of equality: formal and substantive. It analyses critically the usefulness and shortcomings of both of these concepts, and includes a discussion of data collection and ethnic origin. It finds that substantive equality fits better with a concept of institutional racism. It notes, though, that themes of diversity and intersectionality pose challenges to substantive equality and its perceived focus on group disadvantage.Less
This chapter examines the meaning of equality, in the context of racism. It identifies two dominant concepts of equality: formal and substantive. It analyses critically the usefulness and shortcomings of both of these concepts, and includes a discussion of data collection and ethnic origin. It finds that substantive equality fits better with a concept of institutional racism. It notes, though, that themes of diversity and intersectionality pose challenges to substantive equality and its perceived focus on group disadvantage.
Mark Bell
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199297849
- eISBN:
- 9780191711565
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199297849.003.0010
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, EU Law
This concluding chapter seeks to answer the research question posed at the outset: to what extent have the objectives of combating racism and promoting ethnic equality been mainstreamed into EU law ...
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This concluding chapter seeks to answer the research question posed at the outset: to what extent have the objectives of combating racism and promoting ethnic equality been mainstreamed into EU law and policy? Several concepts of racism were identified within the book: scientific, cultural, and institutional. Although EU law and policy have addressed scientific and cultural forms of racism, institutional racism has yet to be fully engaged with. The EU has gradually recognised that racism affects more than simply immigrants, and there has been increasing policy activity around Roma communities. There is not, though, much concrete engagement with intersectionality and racism. The book concludes that the EU needs a more coherent and comprehensive framework for mainstreaming ethnic equality issues. There is a potential starting point within the Treaty of Lisbon, but more detailed implementation within the EU institutions is required.Less
This concluding chapter seeks to answer the research question posed at the outset: to what extent have the objectives of combating racism and promoting ethnic equality been mainstreamed into EU law and policy? Several concepts of racism were identified within the book: scientific, cultural, and institutional. Although EU law and policy have addressed scientific and cultural forms of racism, institutional racism has yet to be fully engaged with. The EU has gradually recognised that racism affects more than simply immigrants, and there has been increasing policy activity around Roma communities. There is not, though, much concrete engagement with intersectionality and racism. The book concludes that the EU needs a more coherent and comprehensive framework for mainstreaming ethnic equality issues. There is a potential starting point within the Treaty of Lisbon, but more detailed implementation within the EU institutions is required.
Caron Gentry
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474424806
- eISBN:
- 9781474480574
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Disordered Violence argues that neither mainstream nor critical Terrorism Studies scholarship goes far enough in interrogating the structures that determine how terrorism is understood and therefore ...
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Disordered Violence argues that neither mainstream nor critical Terrorism Studies scholarship goes far enough in interrogating the structures that determine how terrorism is understood and therefore countered. As an alternative, this book demonstrates that gender, racial, and heteronormative structures that determine hierarchies between states and non-states, forms of violence, and different people are behind how the West approaches terrorism. Drawing upon an intersectional and post-structural feminist critique, Disordered Violence interrogates the persistence of the ‘definition debate’ within Terrorism Studies, arguing that it will never be resolved until a better grasp of gender, race, and heteronormativity are achieved. The empirical chapters look at how these structures work in the profiles of different known ‘terrorists;’ makes a clear connection between the discourse of radicalisation and the racialisation of violence and rationality; and introduces the concept of misogynistic terrorism.Less
Disordered Violence argues that neither mainstream nor critical Terrorism Studies scholarship goes far enough in interrogating the structures that determine how terrorism is understood and therefore countered. As an alternative, this book demonstrates that gender, racial, and heteronormative structures that determine hierarchies between states and non-states, forms of violence, and different people are behind how the West approaches terrorism. Drawing upon an intersectional and post-structural feminist critique, Disordered Violence interrogates the persistence of the ‘definition debate’ within Terrorism Studies, arguing that it will never be resolved until a better grasp of gender, race, and heteronormativity are achieved. The empirical chapters look at how these structures work in the profiles of different known ‘terrorists;’ makes a clear connection between the discourse of radicalisation and the racialisation of violence and rationality; and introduces the concept of misogynistic terrorism.
Shari L. Dworkin
- Published in print:
- 1942
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479806454
- eISBN:
- 9781479819683
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479806454.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Health, Illness, and Medicine
Chapter 3 critically assesses the existing underlying emphasis in public and global health HIV prevention research--and discourse—that is focused on the popular frame of “vulnerable” women and ...
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Chapter 3 critically assesses the existing underlying emphasis in public and global health HIV prevention research--and discourse—that is focused on the popular frame of “vulnerable” women and “invulnerable” men who are heterosexually-active. Drawing on research within epidemiology, HIV/AIDS, gender relations, global health, and multi-racial feminism, Chapter 3 introduces how intersectionality centrally matters for a more clear understanding of why men are affected by HIV. Care is taken in this chapter to use an intersectional framework to understand which heterosexually-active men are most at risk of HIV.Less
Chapter 3 critically assesses the existing underlying emphasis in public and global health HIV prevention research--and discourse—that is focused on the popular frame of “vulnerable” women and “invulnerable” men who are heterosexually-active. Drawing on research within epidemiology, HIV/AIDS, gender relations, global health, and multi-racial feminism, Chapter 3 introduces how intersectionality centrally matters for a more clear understanding of why men are affected by HIV. Care is taken in this chapter to use an intersectional framework to understand which heterosexually-active men are most at risk of HIV.
Jayshree P. Mangubhai
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780198095453
- eISBN:
- 9780199082650
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198095453.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Movements and Social Change
This book is based on ethnographic fieldwork in three villages in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu, where Dalit women engage in struggles to secure or protect livelihood entitlements such as ...
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This book is based on ethnographic fieldwork in three villages in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu, where Dalit women engage in struggles to secure or protect livelihood entitlements such as housing land or work. The research examines the processes of these women organising and evolving collective action strategies to claim access to and control over livelihood resources in different contexts where they face social exclusion. By analysing the power dynamics between these women and non-state and state actors, centred on intersecting caste, class, and gender structures, the research exposes the multiple enabling and constraining factors that condition these women’s agency. An understanding of agency is thus developed that can adequately take into account multiple, complex power relations. This supports an understanding of human rights as practice, focusing on context and power attendant collective action strategies based on actors’ perceptions regarding their just entitlements. Through exercising their agency to overcome unequal power relations and secure entitlements and freedoms, such actors then generate discourses that are constitutive of human rights. The book thus highlights an important shift required in the focus of human rights: that is, recognition that bottom-up approaches to human rights complement top-down approaches by emphasizing people’s agency and the creation of socio-political environments that enable people to effectively realise both socio-economic and civil-political rights.Less
This book is based on ethnographic fieldwork in three villages in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu, where Dalit women engage in struggles to secure or protect livelihood entitlements such as housing land or work. The research examines the processes of these women organising and evolving collective action strategies to claim access to and control over livelihood resources in different contexts where they face social exclusion. By analysing the power dynamics between these women and non-state and state actors, centred on intersecting caste, class, and gender structures, the research exposes the multiple enabling and constraining factors that condition these women’s agency. An understanding of agency is thus developed that can adequately take into account multiple, complex power relations. This supports an understanding of human rights as practice, focusing on context and power attendant collective action strategies based on actors’ perceptions regarding their just entitlements. Through exercising their agency to overcome unequal power relations and secure entitlements and freedoms, such actors then generate discourses that are constitutive of human rights. The book thus highlights an important shift required in the focus of human rights: that is, recognition that bottom-up approaches to human rights complement top-down approaches by emphasizing people’s agency and the creation of socio-political environments that enable people to effectively realise both socio-economic and civil-political rights.
Virpi Timonen (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781447340645
- eISBN:
- 9781447340690
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447340645.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
This book is a sequel to Contemporary grandparenting, published in 2012 (Arber and Timonen, 2012). Both macro and micro level issues are covered, with a particular focus on gender, welfare states, ...
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This book is a sequel to Contemporary grandparenting, published in 2012 (Arber and Timonen, 2012). Both macro and micro level issues are covered, with a particular focus on gender, welfare states, economic development, and grandparental agency; this ensures that the book covers many topic areas of greatest relevance and interest. It emphasises that grandparenting takes many diverse forms and cannot be reduced to a small number of ‘types’. Grandparenting has evolved considerably, and continues to evolve, as a result of both socio-demographic and economic influences, and grandparents’ own agency. The book contains analyses of topics that have so far received relatively little attention, such as transnational grandparenting and gender differences in grandparenting practices. It is the only collection that brings together theory-driven research on grandparenting from a wide variety of cultural and welfare state contexts - including chapters on Europe, North America, Africa, Asia and Australia - drawing broad lines of debate as well as outlining country-level analyses. The book therefore combines up-to-date empirical findings with new theorising that will be relevant to academics, researchers, students, and experts working in the realms of family and old-age policy and practice.Less
This book is a sequel to Contemporary grandparenting, published in 2012 (Arber and Timonen, 2012). Both macro and micro level issues are covered, with a particular focus on gender, welfare states, economic development, and grandparental agency; this ensures that the book covers many topic areas of greatest relevance and interest. It emphasises that grandparenting takes many diverse forms and cannot be reduced to a small number of ‘types’. Grandparenting has evolved considerably, and continues to evolve, as a result of both socio-demographic and economic influences, and grandparents’ own agency. The book contains analyses of topics that have so far received relatively little attention, such as transnational grandparenting and gender differences in grandparenting practices. It is the only collection that brings together theory-driven research on grandparenting from a wide variety of cultural and welfare state contexts - including chapters on Europe, North America, Africa, Asia and Australia - drawing broad lines of debate as well as outlining country-level analyses. The book therefore combines up-to-date empirical findings with new theorising that will be relevant to academics, researchers, students, and experts working in the realms of family and old-age policy and practice.
Jessica M. Barron and Rhys Williams
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781479877669
- eISBN:
- 9781479802371
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479877669.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Drawing on nearly two years of ethnographic data and 55 qualitative interviews, this book examines the ways in which race, class, gender, and consumption intersect with an urban context to shape the ...
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Drawing on nearly two years of ethnographic data and 55 qualitative interviews, this book examines the ways in which race, class, gender, and consumption intersect with an urban context to shape the goals, identity, and experiences of a new religious congregation in Chicago. Downtown Church wants to be a church “of” and “for” the city, and wants to accomplish that goal by developing a membership that is young, trendy, sophisticated, and racially diverse. Consequently, the urban environment fosters a particular set of expectations about both cultural consumption and racial diversity—a “racialized urban imaginary”—that shapes the congregation and its self-identity. This imaginary also situates the relationship between race and place as a motivating factor for the types of interracial interaction experienced within this urban-based congregation. Church leaders and congregants negotiate between their imagined ideas of what a church in the city should look like and the structures of inclusion and exclusion these imaginaries help create and recreate. In particular, two notable organizational practices flow from the imaginary. The first, “managed diversity,” is the leadership’s attempt to attract a diverse membership, but keep it within a balance among the groups represented. The second, “racial utility,” involves the conscious and often strategic use of racial identity, by both the leadership and the membership, to accomplish their goals. This work contributes to the growing constellation of studies on urban religious organizations and multiracial congregations, as well as the emerging scholarship on intersectionality and congregational characteristics in American religious life.Less
Drawing on nearly two years of ethnographic data and 55 qualitative interviews, this book examines the ways in which race, class, gender, and consumption intersect with an urban context to shape the goals, identity, and experiences of a new religious congregation in Chicago. Downtown Church wants to be a church “of” and “for” the city, and wants to accomplish that goal by developing a membership that is young, trendy, sophisticated, and racially diverse. Consequently, the urban environment fosters a particular set of expectations about both cultural consumption and racial diversity—a “racialized urban imaginary”—that shapes the congregation and its self-identity. This imaginary also situates the relationship between race and place as a motivating factor for the types of interracial interaction experienced within this urban-based congregation. Church leaders and congregants negotiate between their imagined ideas of what a church in the city should look like and the structures of inclusion and exclusion these imaginaries help create and recreate. In particular, two notable organizational practices flow from the imaginary. The first, “managed diversity,” is the leadership’s attempt to attract a diverse membership, but keep it within a balance among the groups represented. The second, “racial utility,” involves the conscious and often strategic use of racial identity, by both the leadership and the membership, to accomplish their goals. This work contributes to the growing constellation of studies on urban religious organizations and multiracial congregations, as well as the emerging scholarship on intersectionality and congregational characteristics in American religious life.
