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Illegitimate Speakers of English: Negotiation of Linguistic Identity among Korean International Students

Joseph Sung‐Yul Park

in Beyond Yellow English: Toward a Linguistic Anthropology of Asian Pacific America

This chapter highlights the relevance of international students for the study of Asian Pacific American identities. Despite dominant views that frame them as “foreigners” with no place in the ... More

This chapter highlights the relevance of international students for the study of Asian Pacific American identities. Despite dominant views that frame them as “foreigners” with no place in the constitution of American society, these students transcend such distinctions by reinterpreting and reformulating their experiences of transnationalism through discourse. This chapter traces this process through an analysis of how a group of Korean graduate students studying in the United States deploy and resignify discursive practices associated with Korean society to make sense of their positions within a network of new relational oppositions. In particular, it focuses on how language ideologies that construct Koreans as illegitimate speakers of English are used as a resource for negotiating the students' liminal status in the United States.Less

Global Trends in Highly Skilled Immigration 1

Herbert Brücker, Simone Bertoli, Giovanni Facchini, Anna Maria Mayda, and Giovanni Peri

in Brain Drain and Brain Gain: The Global Competition to Attract High-Skilled Migrants

This chapter provides an overview of highly skilled migration into developed countries. In particular, it looks at the balance of highly skilled migration within the OECD and between the OECD ... More

This chapter provides an overview of highly skilled migration into developed countries. In particular, it looks at the balance of highly skilled migration within the OECD and between the OECD countries and other countries of the world. Thanks to recent progress in data collection on migrants’ educational attainments, the chapter outlines the skill structure of the foreign‐born population in the developed world, compared to the native population in receiving and sending countries. It also analyses the development of the pool of highly skilled workers in both developed and less developed countries. The chapter looks at how many migrants are represented in top management and professional occupations in receiving countries in order to shed some light on the question of whether the battle for talent affects the recruitment of elites. The chapter examines whether and to what extent the international mobility of students has increased at different levels of tertiary education.Less

Differences at Bolton: Race, Class, and More

Sarah A. Chase

in Perfectly Prep: Gender Extremes at a New England Prep School

This chapter explores the dynamics between the ideal of equality and the reality of significant inequality in the prep school setting. These differences are explored with regard to race, class, ... More

This chapter explores the dynamics between the ideal of equality and the reality of significant inequality in the prep school setting. These differences are explored with regard to race, class, international students, day students, form-hierarchy, and cliques. The ways the students negotiate this dichotomy between equality and inequality are part of their gender, class, and ethnic performances.Less

Taming and Framing Indicators: A Legal Reconstruction of the OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) *

Armin von Bogdandy and Matthias Goldmann

in Governance by Indicators: Global Power through Quantification and Rankings

This chapter examines the public law approach to the use of global governance indicators. The discussion is based on German public law thinking and theories of public law beyond the state. It studies ... More

This chapter examines the public law approach to the use of global governance indicators. The discussion is based on German public law thinking and theories of public law beyond the state. It studies the proposal that the spread of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) evaluations and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) rankings should be described in legal terms, thus making it a ‘national policy assessment.’ It determines that the NPAs of the OECD are subject to public law requirements, and that the producers of NPAs are required to cite reasons for specific actions, to maintain independence from national governments, and to respond duly to criticism.Less

Student security in the global education market

Marginson Simon and Sawir Erlenawati

in Social Policy Review 23: Analysis and Debate in Social Policy, 2011

This chapter focuses on the link between international education and the human security of international students. It briefly discusses the concept of human security and reviews the political economy ... More

This chapter focuses on the link between international education and the human security of international students. It briefly discusses the concept of human security and reviews the political economy of growth in the market for international education services. It discusses the status of international students in the global market, followed by a case study of students' security in Australia, stemming from a programme of 200 in-depth interviews with individuals studying onshore in that country. It argues that international education needs to be ‘re-normed’, principally through re-regulation for student security. It opines that this would more effectively cater for the rights of students to safety and social and economic inclusion in the host society.Less

Education and Experience

Franklin Obeng-Odoom

in Global Migration beyond Limits: Ecology, Economics, and Political Economy

The mobility of students has become one of the most common fixtures of global migration. Yet, international student migration experiences are under-researched. When discussed, they are typically ... More

The mobility of students has become one of the most common fixtures of global migration. Yet, international student migration experiences are under-researched. When discussed, they are typically assumed. The neoclassical economics theory of human capital usually serves as a short-cut for doing so. In turn, the lived experiences of such students are hardly empirically verified, except to be read off theory as win–win. Nevertheless, their increasing numbers and the ever-increasing pace of globalization in higher education, along with reports of their stress mean that this group of migrants can no longer be caricatured. What are the socio-economic characteristics of these migrants, how are they housed where they study, what are their education and work experiences? Australia is one country where such migrants are central to both the form and funding of higher education, so this chapter analyses the results of large surveys and official reports published by student associations, housing authorities, and universities, notably the University of Sydney and the Australian Government Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations in the country, complemented by additional interviews with international students, university support staff, and student unions. The evidence questions the neoclassical economics human capital theory, as systemic racism against students is persistent both in their encounters with housing providers and with employers.Less

Going Global

Glenn C. Altschuler and Isaac Kramnick

in Cornell: A History, 1940-2015

This chapter examines Cornell University's efforts to expand its global reach between 1995 and 2015; in the words of President Frank H. T. Rhodes, Cornell strove to become “the land grant university ... More

This chapter examines Cornell University's efforts to expand its global reach between 1995 and 2015; in the words of President Frank H. T. Rhodes, Cornell strove to become “the land grant university to the world.” From its earliest days, Cornell had been international in its aspiration and, to an extent, in its global outreach. Over time, the international content of many courses increased, the number of international students and scholars grew, and faculty with international roots and experiences were recruited. Cornell also built an excellent reputation in international studies and international engagement. This chapter shows how Cornell deepened its commitment to infuse international and comparative perspectives into teaching, learning, research, and engagement through a range of initiatives, including the establishment of the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, relations with India and China, the use of the Internet in going global (and enhancing revenue), and expansion of its presence in New York City.Less

Introduction: global students and their discontents

Gaby Ramia, Simon Marginson, and Erlenawati Sawir

in Regulating international students' wellbeing

This chapter introduces the subject and describes the central purpose of the book as well as the research design and methods used. It begins with a ‘morality tale’ based on regulatory experiences in ... More

This chapter introduces the subject and describes the central purpose of the book as well as the research design and methods used. It begins with a ‘morality tale’ based on regulatory experiences in New Zealand, involving New Zealand politicians and policy makers, the Chinese Government, and international students, mainly from China but more generally from Asia, studying and contemplating study in New Zealand. This tale is instructive and sets the scene for the remainder of the book by prescribing through a case study the importance of regulation to international student welfare. The remainder of the chapter provides the theoretical and policy background to the regulation of international student welfare.Less

Much regulation, minimal protection: the Australian model

Gaby Ramia, Simon Marginson, and Erlenawati Sawir

in Regulating international students' wellbeing

This chapter discusses the various instruments of formal regulation of, and relating to, international education and student welfare in Australia. It covers the higher education law context, the ... More

This chapter discusses the various instruments of formal regulation of, and relating to, international education and student welfare in Australia. It covers the higher education law context, the Education Services for Overseas Students (ESOS) Act and the National Code of Practice for Registration Authorities and Training to Overseas Students (the ‘National Code’), together labelled the ‘ESOS Framework’. The chapter also discusses the vibrant international education policy debate in Australia, including government sponsored inquiries and reports, as well as discussion of the question of an education ombudsman. Most importantly, the key empirical findings in relation to the student welfare impact of formal and informal regulation are discussed and analysed.Less

Asian International Students at U.S. Universities in the Post-2008 Collapse Era

Cynthia Wu

in Flashpoints for Asian American Studies

Chapter 12 addresses the ways in which Asian American Studies’ overriding insistence on recovering a useable resistant past via the aforementioned rights movements of the 1960s and 1970s has made it ... More

Chapter 12 addresses the ways in which Asian American Studies’ overriding insistence on recovering a useable resistant past via the aforementioned rights movements of the 1960s and 1970s has made it troublingly reluctant to examine relevant accommodation. As the title suggests, Wu considers how the intellectual trajectory of the field, dominated by a limited U.S.-centrism, has proved largely ineffective with regard to the twenty-first century influx of international students from Asian countries at U.S. universities.Less

University-to-Work Transition for Emerging Adult International Students in Canada

Natalee Popadiuk and Nancy Arthur

in Young Adult Development at the School-to-Work Transition: International Pathways and Processes

This chapter explores the contextual layers associated with emerging adult international students during their university-to-work transition. First, the authors examine the term, emerging adulthood, ... More

This chapter explores the contextual layers associated with emerging adult international students during their university-to-work transition. First, the authors examine the term, emerging adulthood, to consider the relevance for use with international students. Next, they discuss cultural identity development theories that can be applied to international students. Included is a look at how popular dualistic theories that position Western cultures as primarily individualistic and Eastern cultures as collectivist may be no longer relevant. Further, they explore theories that provide evidence that social identity is fluid and contingent on comparisons to both in-groups and out-groups. Thus, each time an international student finds themselves in a new context with different people, they need to renegotiate their identities and their sense of belonging. In this exploration, the authors also delve into how social capital theory—the benefit one derives from belonging to social groups, networks, or institutions—may be conceptualized with international students, and they show how social support and social capital are closely intertwined. In discussing the importance of personal ties, such as family and friends, they explore the nuances of local and home support. Regarding institutional support, they discuss the critical importance of university faculty and supervisors in becoming a new source of social capital and in creating new bridging relationships and social networks in the destination country. Through our examination of international students’ university-to-career transition, the authors broaden and deepen the current understanding by unpacking the contextual layers of emerging adulthood, identity development, social relationships, and social capital.Less

‘There's gold in them thar students!’ Australia and New Zealand in the global market

Gaby Ramia, Simon Marginson, and Erlenawati Sawir

in Regulating international students' wellbeing

This chapter discusses key trends in the market shares of these two countries, to set the context for the discussion of the Australian and New Zealand international student welfare regulatory regimes ... More

This chapter discusses key trends in the market shares of these two countries, to set the context for the discussion of the Australian and New Zealand international student welfare regulatory regimes in the following chapters. The policy factors affecting market share are also discussed. The various pressures on each are covered, as are the ‘prospects and problems’ in relation to market share and government policy.Less

Fieldwork from Campus

George Gmelch and Sharon Bohn Gmelch

in In the Field: Life and Work in Cultural Anthropology

While nothing can equal the experience of doing fieldwork in an unfamiliar culture, it is possible for students to approximate it close to home. Two fieldwork assignments the authors use in ... More

While nothing can equal the experience of doing fieldwork in an unfamiliar culture, it is possible for students to approximate it close to home. Two fieldwork assignments the authors use in anthropology classes give students hands-on experience. One involves conducting participant observation in local bingo halls. In the other, students interview international students on campus. Both teach important research and life skills (e.g., observation, communication, analysis), but the latter, in particular, gives students insight into their own culture and awareness of ethnocentrism.Less

Pastoral care, minimal information: the New Zealand model

Gaby Ramia, Simon Marginson, and Erlenawati Sawir

in Regulating international students' wellbeing

This chapter discusses the various instruments of formal regulation of, and relating to, international education and student welfare in New Zealand. It covers the higher education law context, and ... More

This chapter discusses the various instruments of formal regulation of, and relating to, international education and student welfare in New Zealand. It covers the higher education law context, and the Code of Practice for the Pastoral Care of International Students. The chapter also discusses the international education policy debate in New Zealand, including the student grievance handling regime embodied in the International Education Appeal Authority, which constitutes an international student ombudsman. Most importantly the key empirical findings in relation to the student welfare impact of formal and informal regulation are discussed and analysed.Less

Are Foreign STEM PhDs More Entrepreneurial?: Entrepreneurial Characteristics, Preferences, and Employment Outcomes of Native and Foreign Science and Engineering PhD Students

Michael Roach, Henry Sauermann, and John Skrentny

in The Roles of Immigrants and Foreign Students in US Science, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship

Research shows immigrants to the U.S. contribute to innovation and are more likely than natives to become startup founders. This may reflect labor market conditions and constraints related to visa ... More

Research shows immigrants to the U.S. contribute to innovation and are more likely than natives to become startup founders. This may reflect labor market conditions and constraints related to visa regulations, or individual attributes such as ability or preferences for risk. Despite progress in understanding immigrant entrepreneurs, little attention has been paid to startup employees who “join” founders in their entrepreneurial efforts. We draw on unique longitudinal data from over 5,600 foreign and native STEM PhD students at U.S. research universities to examine entrepreneurial characteristics and career preferences prior to graduation, and founding and employment outcomes after graduation. We find that foreign PhD students differ from native PhD students with respect to individual characteristics typically associated with entrepreneurship including risk tolerance, preference for autonomy, and interest in commercialization. Foreign PhD students are more likely to express interest in becoming a founder or a startup employee before graduation, but they are less likely to become founders or startup employees in their first industry job after graduation. More nuanced analyses show these patterns hold primarily for foreign PhDs from China and India, while foreign PhDs from Western countries are similar to native PhDs with respect to career interests and employment outcomes.Less

Different frameworks, similar outcomes: comparing Australia and New Zealand

Gaby Ramia, Simon Marginson, and Erlenawati Sawir

in Regulating international students' wellbeing

Having discussed the Australian and Zealand models of international student welfare regulation respectively in the two previous chapters, this chapter conducts a comparative analysis of the two ... More

Having discussed the Australian and Zealand models of international student welfare regulation respectively in the two previous chapters, this chapter conducts a comparative analysis of the two national cases. The comparison is in terms of the formal regime in each country as well as the impact of that regime on the ground in terms of student welfare, analysed principally through review of formal and informal regulation in interviewee feedback. The context for the Australia-New Zealand discussion is set by a comprehensive review early on in the chapter of ‘the comparative evolution of welfare’ in the two countries. The comparative politics and policy literatures are harnessed to shed light on the findings of the chapter and the book more generally.Less

The struggle for the soul of economics

Joe Earle, Cahal Moran, and Zach Ward-Perkins

in The Econocracy: The Perils of Leaving Economics to the Experts

Chapter 4 details the history of how the discipline of economics came to be so narrow and the more recent student led movements to reform it. It also includes a critique of the new CORE syllabus.