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This chapter addresses some questions that are related to global political processes and struggles for reproductive and sexual rights. It argues that sexual rights can be described as the newest topic for international debates about the practices and meaning of human rights. It notes that before 1993, no international instrument important to human rights made reference to sexual rights or sexuality, and that the idea of sexual rights did not exist as part of international human rights discourse. The chapter also reveals the failure to develop a more affirmative and emancipatory notion of sexual rights as a social good that is basic to any adequate notion of human well-being and dignity.

This chapter argues that NGOs that balance the advantages of centralized agenda setting for proposal and enforcement power with decentralized implementation power will be able influence the international debate over human rights. The rights that such NGOs advocate are far more likely to become politically salient, which then could lead to the creation of conventions, declarations, and other types of policy. These rights can also result in state actions such as diplomatic or economic sanctioning, public condemnations, or the incorporation of those rights into trade agreements. Once these NGOs promote international advocacy, they shift to centralize proposal and enforcement powers and decentralize the implementation of their agenda.

This chapter discusses the various instruments of formal regulation of, and relating to, international education and student welfare in Australia. It covers the higher education law context, the Education Services for Overseas Students (ESOS) Act and the National Code of Practice for Registration Authorities and Training to Overseas Students (the ‘National Code’), together labelled the ‘ESOS Framework’. The chapter also discusses the vibrant international education policy debate in Australia, including government sponsored inquiries and reports, as well as discussion of the question of an education ombudsman. Most importantly, the key empirical findings in relation to the student welfare impact of formal and informal regulation are discussed and analysed.

This chapter discusses the various instruments of formal regulation of, and relating to, international education and student welfare in New Zealand. It covers the higher education law context, and the Code of Practice for the Pastoral Care of International Students. The chapter also discusses the international education policy debate in New Zealand, including the student grievance handling regime embodied in the International Education Appeal Authority, which constitutes an international student ombudsman. Most importantly the key empirical findings in relation to the student welfare impact of formal and informal regulation are discussed and analysed.

This chapter focuses on the transnational nature of the women's movements. “Transnational” here is referred to as the movement of ideas about women's status and rights across national borders, as well as the across-the-border organizing between women activists from different countries. The chapter argues that some activists' decisions to locate themselves in the interstices has proved to be an effective strategy. Straddling national borders allows them to have a continuing dialogue with feminists of all color, injecting Philippine perspectives into international women's movements, and in so doing affecting international feminist debates and international activism on behalf of all women. Transnational activism also has an impact on the perspectives of Filipina activists who have developed an international outlook.

This chapter begins with a remark made by Voltaire in Lettres philosophiques regarding Dante's readership in Europe: that “nobody reads Dante anymore in Europe.” A closer look at the literature of eighteenth-century Europe shows, however, that the Commedia did have its share of readers. Many major writers remarked about the work, and some devoted themselves either to attacking or defending it. In contrast to the scarcity of writing on Dante during the 1600s, the range of Dante criticism during the eighteenth century was indeed broad. Nevertheless, the force of Voltaire's declaration endures, and it unfortunately has compelled many scholars to dismiss the Commedia from their studies of Enlightenment literature. The international debates over the Commedia that Voltaire helped instigate provide insight into how writers of the period viewed the blooming genre of autobiography, and Voltaire's influential attacks on Dante reveal the hostility of many philosophes and neoclassical critics toward personal and transcendental narratives like the Commedia.