Armin von Bogdandy and Matthias Goldmann
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199658244
- eISBN:
- 9780199949915
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199658244.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter examines the public law approach to the use of global governance indicators. The discussion is based on German public law thinking and theories of public law beyond the state. It studies ...
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This chapter examines the public law approach to the use of global governance indicators. The discussion is based on German public law thinking and theories of public law beyond the state. It studies the proposal that the spread of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) evaluations and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) rankings should be described in legal terms, thus making it a ‘national policy assessment.’ It determines that the NPAs of the OECD are subject to public law requirements, and that the producers of NPAs are required to cite reasons for specific actions, to maintain independence from national governments, and to respond duly to criticism.Less
This chapter examines the public law approach to the use of global governance indicators. The discussion is based on German public law thinking and theories of public law beyond the state. It studies the proposal that the spread of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) evaluations and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) rankings should be described in legal terms, thus making it a ‘national policy assessment.’ It determines that the NPAs of the OECD are subject to public law requirements, and that the producers of NPAs are required to cite reasons for specific actions, to maintain independence from national governments, and to respond duly to criticism.
Rosemary Foot
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198292920
- eISBN:
- 9780191599286
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198292929.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This is the third of four chapters focusing on America’s perceptions of China’s capabilities, and dwelling on the correspondence between those perceptions and the projected consequences. It presents ...
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This is the third of four chapters focusing on America’s perceptions of China’s capabilities, and dwelling on the correspondence between those perceptions and the projected consequences. It presents an assessment of America’s perceptions of China as a nuclear power, discussing the new complexities that this brought to the Sino-American relationship and to their respective broader foreign-policy agendas. The different sections of the chapter look at the process of China’s acquisition of the atomic bomb (the first atomic device was exploded by them in October 1964), the US response to this, US and international assessments of China’s nuclear power and the impact on non-proliferation, and US assessments of China’s nuclear weapons programme.Less
This is the third of four chapters focusing on America’s perceptions of China’s capabilities, and dwelling on the correspondence between those perceptions and the projected consequences. It presents an assessment of America’s perceptions of China as a nuclear power, discussing the new complexities that this brought to the Sino-American relationship and to their respective broader foreign-policy agendas. The different sections of the chapter look at the process of China’s acquisition of the atomic bomb (the first atomic device was exploded by them in October 1964), the US response to this, US and international assessments of China’s nuclear power and the impact on non-proliferation, and US assessments of China’s nuclear weapons programme.
Eric A. Hanushek and Ludger Woessmann
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262029179
- eISBN:
- 9780262329170
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029179.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This book advances the simple argument that long-run economic growth is overwhelmingly a function of the cognitive skills of the population, or the “knowledge capital” of a nation. This hypothesis ...
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This book advances the simple argument that long-run economic growth is overwhelmingly a function of the cognitive skills of the population, or the “knowledge capital” of a nation. This hypothesis about the relationship between cognitive skills (as consistently measured by international student assessments) and economic growth is subjected to a series of tests including alternate specifications, different subsets of countries, and econometric analysis of causal interpretations. The main results are remarkably robust, and equally applicable to developing and developed countries. For example, two largely unsolved historical mysteries – the “Latin American growth puzzle” and the “East Asian miracle” – are completely explained by consideration of knowledge capital. The central importance of cognitive skills allows one to calculate the economic benefits of improved skills, and by implication of improved schools. The historical consequences of increased knowledge capital prove to be huge – multiples of GDP for achievable improvements in schools. Turning to the policy implications, existing research evidence suggests the value of an education system that develops effective accountability, promotes choice and competition, and provides direct rewards for good performance. While many school reforms are politically difficult, this analysis underscores the substantial costs of the status quo.Less
This book advances the simple argument that long-run economic growth is overwhelmingly a function of the cognitive skills of the population, or the “knowledge capital” of a nation. This hypothesis about the relationship between cognitive skills (as consistently measured by international student assessments) and economic growth is subjected to a series of tests including alternate specifications, different subsets of countries, and econometric analysis of causal interpretations. The main results are remarkably robust, and equally applicable to developing and developed countries. For example, two largely unsolved historical mysteries – the “Latin American growth puzzle” and the “East Asian miracle” – are completely explained by consideration of knowledge capital. The central importance of cognitive skills allows one to calculate the economic benefits of improved skills, and by implication of improved schools. The historical consequences of increased knowledge capital prove to be huge – multiples of GDP for achievable improvements in schools. Turning to the policy implications, existing research evidence suggests the value of an education system that develops effective accountability, promotes choice and competition, and provides direct rewards for good performance. While many school reforms are politically difficult, this analysis underscores the substantial costs of the status quo.
Martin Carnoy, Prashant Loyalka, Maria Dobryakova, Rafiq Dossani, Isak Froumin, Katherine Kuhns, Jandhyala B. G. Tilak, and Rong Wang
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780804786010
- eISBN:
- 9780804786416
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804786010.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Education
The chapter details the educational pathway students take during pre-tertiary schooling, their academic readiness before college, and the process they undergo in their application and admission to ...
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The chapter details the educational pathway students take during pre-tertiary schooling, their academic readiness before college, and the process they undergo in their application and admission to university. It analyzes how students attending BRIC universities and colleges are selected into differentiated higher education institutions, their learning experiences at different types of institutions within each country, and how students regard their learning experiences and their preparation for work (with special emphasis on engineering and computer science education), As part of this analysis, the chapter investigates how BRIC higher education systems train their engineering and computer science students compared to similar institutions in the developed countries.Less
The chapter details the educational pathway students take during pre-tertiary schooling, their academic readiness before college, and the process they undergo in their application and admission to university. It analyzes how students attending BRIC universities and colleges are selected into differentiated higher education institutions, their learning experiences at different types of institutions within each country, and how students regard their learning experiences and their preparation for work (with special emphasis on engineering and computer science education), As part of this analysis, the chapter investigates how BRIC higher education systems train their engineering and computer science students compared to similar institutions in the developed countries.
James M. Denham
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813060491
- eISBN:
- 9780813050638
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813060491.003.0021
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Beginning with a summary of the dark economic picture that confronted the presidential election of 2008, this chapter covers the election of Barack Obama and its relevance to the Middle District of ...
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Beginning with a summary of the dark economic picture that confronted the presidential election of 2008, this chapter covers the election of Barack Obama and its relevance to the Middle District of Florida. The Obama Justice Department and the selection of new justices and magistrates as well as their backgrounds are covered. Middle Florida district judges, magistrate judges, and bankruptcy judges often joined other American jurists who participated in international symposiums and conferences sharing elements of American jurisprudence with those attempting to establish the rule of law in former totalitarian countries. The highlights of these activities are covered. In the early 2000s the Middle District developed and implemented historical and other important initiatives, such as developing courthouse exhibits and understood the publication of an historical book. These initiatives are chronicled in this final chapter.Less
Beginning with a summary of the dark economic picture that confronted the presidential election of 2008, this chapter covers the election of Barack Obama and its relevance to the Middle District of Florida. The Obama Justice Department and the selection of new justices and magistrates as well as their backgrounds are covered. Middle Florida district judges, magistrate judges, and bankruptcy judges often joined other American jurists who participated in international symposiums and conferences sharing elements of American jurisprudence with those attempting to establish the rule of law in former totalitarian countries. The highlights of these activities are covered. In the early 2000s the Middle District developed and implemented historical and other important initiatives, such as developing courthouse exhibits and understood the publication of an historical book. These initiatives are chronicled in this final chapter.
Hugo D. Lodge
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- March 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780198844778
- eISBN:
- 9780191932410
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198844778.003.0011
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
By way of context, OFSI issues monetary penalties for sanctions breaches, under section 146 of the Policing and Crime Act 2017. This basic mechanism is preserved by the 2018 Act.
By way of context, OFSI issues monetary penalties for sanctions breaches, under section 146 of the Policing and Crime Act 2017. This basic mechanism is preserved by the 2018 Act.
