David Armstrong
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198275282
- eISBN:
- 9780191598739
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198275285.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
While there are important differences between the American Revolution and other revolutions, there are also some striking similarities. The basic ideas of the American outlook on international ...
More
While there are important differences between the American Revolution and other revolutions, there are also some striking similarities. The basic ideas of the American outlook on international affairs emerged in the hundred years before the revolution. Central amongst these ideas was the need to build and secure a republic in North America. A fundamental debate took place after the revolution between the different views of Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson as to the most appropriate American posture towards the rest of the world. The essential elements in this debate have continued to affect the US foreign policy.Less
While there are important differences between the American Revolution and other revolutions, there are also some striking similarities. The basic ideas of the American outlook on international affairs emerged in the hundred years before the revolution. Central amongst these ideas was the need to build and secure a republic in North America. A fundamental debate took place after the revolution between the different views of Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson as to the most appropriate American posture towards the rest of the world. The essential elements in this debate have continued to affect the US foreign policy.
Allen Buchanan
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780198295358
- eISBN:
- 9780191600982
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198295359.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Ch. 5 outlined an argument for a justice‐based general conception of what might be called internal political legitimacy: the conditions under which the exercise of political power within a political ...
More
Ch. 5 outlined an argument for a justice‐based general conception of what might be called internal political legitimacy: the conditions under which the exercise of political power within a political entity's own borders is morally justified. This conception of internal political legitimacy is used in Ch. 6 as a component of an account of recognitional legitimacy (also called international legitimacy). The concept of recognitional legitimacy plays a central role in international legal institutions and international affairs, where states, governments, and insurgency movements may all be recognized or not recognized as legitimate by individual states, groups of states, or regional or international organizations. The primary focus of this chapter is recognitional legitimacy as applied to states—i.e. on the judgement that a particular entity should or should not be recognized as a member in good standing of the system of states, with all the rights, powers, liberties, and immunities that go with that status; the guiding idea of the approach is that recognition is an act with serious moral implications and, as such, ought to be governed by rules that are themselves morally justifiable. The three sections of the chapter are: The Concept of Recognitional Legitimacy; II. Justifying the Justice‐Based Theory of Recognitional Legitimacy; and III. Legitimacy of States Versus Legitimacy of Governments.Less
Ch. 5 outlined an argument for a justice‐based general conception of what might be called internal political legitimacy: the conditions under which the exercise of political power within a political entity's own borders is morally justified. This conception of internal political legitimacy is used in Ch. 6 as a component of an account of recognitional legitimacy (also called international legitimacy). The concept of recognitional legitimacy plays a central role in international legal institutions and international affairs, where states, governments, and insurgency movements may all be recognized or not recognized as legitimate by individual states, groups of states, or regional or international organizations. The primary focus of this chapter is recognitional legitimacy as applied to states—i.e. on the judgement that a particular entity should or should not be recognized as a member in good standing of the system of states, with all the rights, powers, liberties, and immunities that go with that status; the guiding idea of the approach is that recognition is an act with serious moral implications and, as such, ought to be governed by rules that are themselves morally justifiable. The three sections of the chapter are: The Concept of Recognitional Legitimacy; II. Justifying the Justice‐Based Theory of Recognitional Legitimacy; and III. Legitimacy of States Versus Legitimacy of Governments.
Linda L. Fowler
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691151618
- eISBN:
- 9781400866465
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691151618.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter examines normative political issues regarding the importance of legislative oversight in fostering the rule of law and public deliberation about foreign policy. Some observers of U.S. ...
More
This chapter examines normative political issues regarding the importance of legislative oversight in fostering the rule of law and public deliberation about foreign policy. Some observers of U.S. foreign policy argue that lawmakers ask too many questions and damage the nation's interests abroad with untimely inquiries. The performance of the Senate Armed Services and Foreign Relations committees thus raises broader issues about whether public accountability in international affairs is desirable or even possible in the twenty-first century. The chapter first provides an overview of the paradox of public opinion and oversight of national security before suggesting that a major barrier to a more constructive role for lawmakers in international affairs is not the Constitution, but the large number serving today who have very limited legislative experience. It also discusses the risks to the presidency that result from asserting executive supremacy over national security.Less
This chapter examines normative political issues regarding the importance of legislative oversight in fostering the rule of law and public deliberation about foreign policy. Some observers of U.S. foreign policy argue that lawmakers ask too many questions and damage the nation's interests abroad with untimely inquiries. The performance of the Senate Armed Services and Foreign Relations committees thus raises broader issues about whether public accountability in international affairs is desirable or even possible in the twenty-first century. The chapter first provides an overview of the paradox of public opinion and oversight of national security before suggesting that a major barrier to a more constructive role for lawmakers in international affairs is not the Constitution, but the large number serving today who have very limited legislative experience. It also discusses the risks to the presidency that result from asserting executive supremacy over national security.
Brian Simpson
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263242
- eISBN:
- 9780191734014
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263242.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This lecture discusses the influence of international law on the conduct of states. It focuses on two specific and very fully documented incidents that took place during the Second World War, and ...
More
This lecture discusses the influence of international law on the conduct of states. It focuses on two specific and very fully documented incidents that took place during the Second World War, and which provoked strong protests from the Norwegian government. The lecture attempts to identify the severe problems that are involved in establishing the relationship between international law and state action. It concludes by identifying an area of legal theory that has been neglected by scholars: the nature of legal justification in international affairs.Less
This lecture discusses the influence of international law on the conduct of states. It focuses on two specific and very fully documented incidents that took place during the Second World War, and which provoked strong protests from the Norwegian government. The lecture attempts to identify the severe problems that are involved in establishing the relationship between international law and state action. It concludes by identifying an area of legal theory that has been neglected by scholars: the nature of legal justification in international affairs.
Linda L. Fowler
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691151618
- eISBN:
- 9781400866465
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691151618.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This book examines the formal hearing activity of the Senate Armed Services and Foreign Relations committees from 1947 to 2008 to assess their efficacy in promoting due process and public ...
More
This book examines the formal hearing activity of the Senate Armed Services and Foreign Relations committees from 1947 to 2008 to assess their efficacy in promoting due process and public understanding with respect to international affairs. In particular, it analyzes how much time the committees spent on public and secret hearings, what factors influenced their decisions to engage in oversight of national security, and how they allocated their efforts to routine program review compared to scrutiny of crises and scandals. The empirical results and case studies suggest that the Senate's national security committees had an uneven record over the sixty-two years of the study. The book uses these findings as a basis for rethinking the nature of national security oversight and proposing several reforms to promote public deliberation and education about U.S. foreign relations.Less
This book examines the formal hearing activity of the Senate Armed Services and Foreign Relations committees from 1947 to 2008 to assess their efficacy in promoting due process and public understanding with respect to international affairs. In particular, it analyzes how much time the committees spent on public and secret hearings, what factors influenced their decisions to engage in oversight of national security, and how they allocated their efforts to routine program review compared to scrutiny of crises and scandals. The empirical results and case studies suggest that the Senate's national security committees had an uneven record over the sixty-two years of the study. The book uses these findings as a basis for rethinking the nature of national security oversight and proposing several reforms to promote public deliberation and education about U.S. foreign relations.
Casper Sylvest
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719079092
- eISBN:
- 9781781703151
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719079092.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This book explores the development, character and legacy of the ideology of liberal internationalism in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Britain. Liberal internationalism provided a ...
More
This book explores the development, character and legacy of the ideology of liberal internationalism in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Britain. Liberal internationalism provided a powerful way of theorising and imagining international relations, and it dominated well-informed political discourse at a time when Britain was the most powerful country in the world. Its proponents focused on securing progress, generating order and enacting justice in international affairs, and it united a diverse group of intellectuals and public figures, leaving a lasting legacy in the twentieth century. The book elucidates the roots, trajectory and diversity of liberal internationalism, focusing in particular on three intellectual languages – international law, philosophy and history – through which it was promulgated, before tracing the impact of these ideas across the defining moment of the First World War. The liberal internationalist vision of the late nineteenth century remained popular well into the twentieth century and forms an important backdrop to the development of the academic study of International Relations in Britain.Less
This book explores the development, character and legacy of the ideology of liberal internationalism in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Britain. Liberal internationalism provided a powerful way of theorising and imagining international relations, and it dominated well-informed political discourse at a time when Britain was the most powerful country in the world. Its proponents focused on securing progress, generating order and enacting justice in international affairs, and it united a diverse group of intellectuals and public figures, leaving a lasting legacy in the twentieth century. The book elucidates the roots, trajectory and diversity of liberal internationalism, focusing in particular on three intellectual languages – international law, philosophy and history – through which it was promulgated, before tracing the impact of these ideas across the defining moment of the First World War. The liberal internationalist vision of the late nineteenth century remained popular well into the twentieth century and forms an important backdrop to the development of the academic study of International Relations in Britain.
David Shambaugh and Ren Xiao
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199937479
- eISBN:
- 9780199980727
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199937479.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter examines the perceptions of China's international relations experts primarily based in research institutes and universities, as well as some foreign policy officials. While the Chinese ...
More
This chapter examines the perceptions of China's international relations experts primarily based in research institutes and universities, as well as some foreign policy officials. While the Chinese internet, blogosphere, and newspapers are rife with opinion concerning world affairs, very little systematic evidence is available concerning public perceptions of international affairs. The only recent published public opinion survey known at the time of writing appeared in December 2009, by the China Academy of Social Sciences. Generally speaking this survey finds that the Chinese public's attitude toward the United States is mixed to poor, positive toward Russia, mixed but essentially optimistic about Europe, and mixed to poor about Japan.Less
This chapter examines the perceptions of China's international relations experts primarily based in research institutes and universities, as well as some foreign policy officials. While the Chinese internet, blogosphere, and newspapers are rife with opinion concerning world affairs, very little systematic evidence is available concerning public perceptions of international affairs. The only recent published public opinion survey known at the time of writing appeared in December 2009, by the China Academy of Social Sciences. Generally speaking this survey finds that the Chinese public's attitude toward the United States is mixed to poor, positive toward Russia, mixed but essentially optimistic about Europe, and mixed to poor about Japan.
Simon Reich and Richard Ned Lebow
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691160429
- eISBN:
- 9781400850426
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691160429.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter revisits the concept of hegemony, elaborating some of the most important connections among them and assessing their implications for both U.S. foreign policy and international relations ...
More
This chapter revisits the concept of hegemony, elaborating some of the most important connections among them and assessing their implications for both U.S. foreign policy and international relations theory. Drawing on empirical findings laid out in the previous chapters, this chapter contends that hegemony is no longer applicable to international affairs, as its constituent functions are widely shared and exercised more by negotiation than fiat. This constellation requires a new conceptualization of influence. The chapter points to a new research agenda for the present century based on the recognition that we now live in a multipowered world—where actors combine social and material power to gain influence in varying ways—and not a unipolar world.Less
This chapter revisits the concept of hegemony, elaborating some of the most important connections among them and assessing their implications for both U.S. foreign policy and international relations theory. Drawing on empirical findings laid out in the previous chapters, this chapter contends that hegemony is no longer applicable to international affairs, as its constituent functions are widely shared and exercised more by negotiation than fiat. This constellation requires a new conceptualization of influence. The chapter points to a new research agenda for the present century based on the recognition that we now live in a multipowered world—where actors combine social and material power to gain influence in varying ways—and not a unipolar world.
Tony Smith
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691154923
- eISBN:
- 9781400842025
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691154923.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This book provides a comprehensive historical review of American liberal democratic internationalism. It argues that the global strength and prestige of democracy today are due in large part to ...
More
This book provides a comprehensive historical review of American liberal democratic internationalism. It argues that the global strength and prestige of democracy today are due in large part to America's impact on international affairs. The book documents the extraordinary history of how American foreign policy has been used to try to promote democracy worldwide, an effort that enjoyed its greatest triumphs in the occupations of Japan and Germany but suffered huge setbacks in Latin America, Vietnam, and elsewhere. With new chapters and a new introduction and epilogue, this expanded edition also traces U.S. attempts to spread democracy more recently, under presidents Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama, and assesses America's role in the Arab Spring. The book argues that liberal internationalism is built on powerful global historical trends, and the liberal internationalist streak in American foreign policy has been responsible for shaping a liberal world order conducive to American security and economic interests.Less
This book provides a comprehensive historical review of American liberal democratic internationalism. It argues that the global strength and prestige of democracy today are due in large part to America's impact on international affairs. The book documents the extraordinary history of how American foreign policy has been used to try to promote democracy worldwide, an effort that enjoyed its greatest triumphs in the occupations of Japan and Germany but suffered huge setbacks in Latin America, Vietnam, and elsewhere. With new chapters and a new introduction and epilogue, this expanded edition also traces U.S. attempts to spread democracy more recently, under presidents Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama, and assesses America's role in the Arab Spring. The book argues that liberal internationalism is built on powerful global historical trends, and the liberal internationalist streak in American foreign policy has been responsible for shaping a liberal world order conducive to American security and economic interests.
Tony Smith
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691154923
- eISBN:
- 9781400842025
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691154923.003.0014
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This epilogue discusses the irony of American liberal democratic internationalism that became apparent by late 2011: it has been instrumental in establishing the United States' preeminence in ...
More
This epilogue discusses the irony of American liberal democratic internationalism that became apparent by late 2011: it has been instrumental in establishing the United States' preeminence in international affairs between 1945 and 2001, but has also contributed much to its decline thereafter. If containment had been the primary basis of American foreign policy during the Cold War, there was also a secondary track, which consolidated the political and economic unity of the liberal democratic regimes through multilateral organizations under U.S. leadership. Under the auspices of neoconservatism and neoliberalism, democracy was envisioned as having a “universal” appeal capable of promoting international peace. The epilogue considers some of the negative consequences of Wilsonianism as well as some of the forces challenging the future role of liberalism. It argues that the fate of liberal democratic internationalism depends in large part on the behavior of those who guide the policies of the democratic world.Less
This epilogue discusses the irony of American liberal democratic internationalism that became apparent by late 2011: it has been instrumental in establishing the United States' preeminence in international affairs between 1945 and 2001, but has also contributed much to its decline thereafter. If containment had been the primary basis of American foreign policy during the Cold War, there was also a secondary track, which consolidated the political and economic unity of the liberal democratic regimes through multilateral organizations under U.S. leadership. Under the auspices of neoconservatism and neoliberalism, democracy was envisioned as having a “universal” appeal capable of promoting international peace. The epilogue considers some of the negative consequences of Wilsonianism as well as some of the forces challenging the future role of liberalism. It argues that the fate of liberal democratic internationalism depends in large part on the behavior of those who guide the policies of the democratic world.
Nicholas Rees
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719076206
- eISBN:
- 9781781702932
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719076206.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter focuses on Ireland's foreign relations especially its place and role in international affairs. It explains that involvement in the European Union had a considerable influence on both the ...
More
This chapter focuses on Ireland's foreign relations especially its place and role in international affairs. It explains that involvement in the European Union had a considerable influence on both the formulation and conduct of Ireland's foreign policy and illustrates how an established policy area was fundamentally affected and shaped by Europeanisation. This chapter looks at the adaptation and change that occurred in institutional structures and policy over the period since membership and evaluates the sources and degree of policy learning and adaptation.Less
This chapter focuses on Ireland's foreign relations especially its place and role in international affairs. It explains that involvement in the European Union had a considerable influence on both the formulation and conduct of Ireland's foreign policy and illustrates how an established policy area was fundamentally affected and shaped by Europeanisation. This chapter looks at the adaptation and change that occurred in institutional structures and policy over the period since membership and evaluates the sources and degree of policy learning and adaptation.
J. Bryan Hehir
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199827978
- eISBN:
- 9780199933020
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199827978.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter discusses the paradox embodied by the main theme of this volume: religion and world politics. The text in this book, explicitly or implicitly, refers to the emergence or resurgence of ...
More
This chapter discusses the paradox embodied by the main theme of this volume: religion and world politics. The text in this book, explicitly or implicitly, refers to the emergence or resurgence of religion in international affairs. Yet, the paradox is that the scholars in this volume and in other sources who speak of a return or a resurgence of religion have a valid point. In reality religion has never been absent from international affairs. But the study of world politics—particularly the formal discipline of international relations—and the practice of world politics—particularly formal interstate diplomacy—have both treated religion as inconsequential, a reality which could be ignored by scholars or diplomats without any diminishment of their understanding of the world. Sorting out the paradox of this volume requires a determination of why religion has been marginalized in the past, what factors have brought about its “resurgence” in fact and in theory, and how the relationship of religion and international affairs should be pursued in theory and practice.Less
This chapter discusses the paradox embodied by the main theme of this volume: religion and world politics. The text in this book, explicitly or implicitly, refers to the emergence or resurgence of religion in international affairs. Yet, the paradox is that the scholars in this volume and in other sources who speak of a return or a resurgence of religion have a valid point. In reality religion has never been absent from international affairs. But the study of world politics—particularly the formal discipline of international relations—and the practice of world politics—particularly formal interstate diplomacy—have both treated religion as inconsequential, a reality which could be ignored by scholars or diplomats without any diminishment of their understanding of the world. Sorting out the paradox of this volume requires a determination of why religion has been marginalized in the past, what factors have brought about its “resurgence” in fact and in theory, and how the relationship of religion and international affairs should be pursued in theory and practice.
Katherine Marshall
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199827978
- eISBN:
- 9780199933020
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199827978.003.0012
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter addresses the relationship between faith and gender in international affairs. The roles of women in religion have been the topic of considerable research and debate, yet analysis of, and ...
More
This chapter addresses the relationship between faith and gender in international affairs. The roles of women in religion have been the topic of considerable research and debate, yet analysis of, and reflection on, the relationships among the three—faith, gender, and international affairs—are quite meager. Drawing on scholarship on the various dimensions of the topic and on personal experience, the chapter focuses on policy implications of the issues raised more than on the broader questions about how religion affects gender relations and vice versa. Its starting point is to ask what we know and what we do not, and to highlight emerging issues and debates.Less
This chapter addresses the relationship between faith and gender in international affairs. The roles of women in religion have been the topic of considerable research and debate, yet analysis of, and reflection on, the relationships among the three—faith, gender, and international affairs—are quite meager. Drawing on scholarship on the various dimensions of the topic and on personal experience, the chapter focuses on policy implications of the issues raised more than on the broader questions about how religion affects gender relations and vice versa. Its starting point is to ask what we know and what we do not, and to highlight emerging issues and debates.
Robin Briggs
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198225829
- eISBN:
- 9780191708947
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198225829.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter presents a historical and political background of the duchy of Lorraine. Topics covered include Lorraine in international affairs, religion and local politics; law, administration, and ...
More
This chapter presents a historical and political background of the duchy of Lorraine. Topics covered include Lorraine in international affairs, religion and local politics; law, administration, and archives; state-building and witchcraft persecution, economy and society; and the decline of witchcraft persecution in the 17th century.Less
This chapter presents a historical and political background of the duchy of Lorraine. Topics covered include Lorraine in international affairs, religion and local politics; law, administration, and archives; state-building and witchcraft persecution, economy and society; and the decline of witchcraft persecution in the 17th century.
Andreas Paulus
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199795208
- eISBN:
- 9780199919307
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199795208.003.0039
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
Robert Kagan's article and book on the future of transatlantic relations have gained much prominence in the debate on the reasons for and impact of the transatlantic rift over the war against Iraq. ...
More
Robert Kagan's article and book on the future of transatlantic relations have gained much prominence in the debate on the reasons for and impact of the transatlantic rift over the war against Iraq. However, Kagan's work confirms rather than challenges the prejudices and stereotypes of both sides. After putting Kagan's approach in a political perspective, this chapter shows that the antinomies used by Kagan and other participants in the debate—such as might and right, unilateralism and multilateralism, prevention and repression, hegemony and sovereign equality, democratic imperialism and pluralism—constitute useful analytical tools, but do not in any way capture the divergence of values and interests that exist between the United States and Europe. The result of such an analysis does not lead to the adoption of one or the other extreme. Instead, it leads to the realization that international law occupies the space between the extremes, allowing for the permanent renegotiation of the place of Mars and Venus in international affairs.Less
Robert Kagan's article and book on the future of transatlantic relations have gained much prominence in the debate on the reasons for and impact of the transatlantic rift over the war against Iraq. However, Kagan's work confirms rather than challenges the prejudices and stereotypes of both sides. After putting Kagan's approach in a political perspective, this chapter shows that the antinomies used by Kagan and other participants in the debate—such as might and right, unilateralism and multilateralism, prevention and repression, hegemony and sovereign equality, democratic imperialism and pluralism—constitute useful analytical tools, but do not in any way capture the divergence of values and interests that exist between the United States and Europe. The result of such an analysis does not lead to the adoption of one or the other extreme. Instead, it leads to the realization that international law occupies the space between the extremes, allowing for the permanent renegotiation of the place of Mars and Venus in international affairs.
Elizabeth Shakman Hurd
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199827978
- eISBN:
- 9780199933020
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199827978.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter describes two influential trajectories of secularism and explains why they are important to contemporary world politics: laicism, from the French laïcité, which distils a particular ...
More
This chapter describes two influential trajectories of secularism and explains why they are important to contemporary world politics: laicism, from the French laïcité, which distils a particular understanding of religion and bans it from politics, and “Judeo-Christian” secularism, which defines religion as a source of unity and identity within societies and civilizations and conflict between them. It draws attention to how secularism is constituted differently in different times and places, the contestation and challenges that surround and inhabit the various forms of secularism, and the lives that they take on in the world as they shape both analytic perspectives in social science and practical projects in politics and international affairs.Less
This chapter describes two influential trajectories of secularism and explains why they are important to contemporary world politics: laicism, from the French laïcité, which distils a particular understanding of religion and bans it from politics, and “Judeo-Christian” secularism, which defines religion as a source of unity and identity within societies and civilizations and conflict between them. It draws attention to how secularism is constituted differently in different times and places, the contestation and challenges that surround and inhabit the various forms of secularism, and the lives that they take on in the world as they shape both analytic perspectives in social science and practical projects in politics and international affairs.
Ian Hurd
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691196503
- eISBN:
- 9781400888078
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691196503.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This concluding chapter argues that the international rule of law is a structure of political authority. It creates a hierarchy in international affairs in which legal obligations are superior and ...
More
This concluding chapter argues that the international rule of law is a structure of political authority. It creates a hierarchy in international affairs in which legal obligations are superior and governments are subordinate. The structure depends on and is reinforced by the widespread practice of legal justification by states. Within that structure, international law is at once constraining, empowering, and constituting of the foreign policies of governments. The chapter uses the language of “empire” to describe this structure. It is a centralized and hierarchical system that unites its subjects under a single political authority, the empire of international legalism. Under the empire of international legalism, policy must be made consistent with legal obligations. However, this just means that foreign policy decisions have to come with legal reasons, and political disputes turn into arguments over what the law permits or forbids. In theory, one cannot say what the results will be.Less
This concluding chapter argues that the international rule of law is a structure of political authority. It creates a hierarchy in international affairs in which legal obligations are superior and governments are subordinate. The structure depends on and is reinforced by the widespread practice of legal justification by states. Within that structure, international law is at once constraining, empowering, and constituting of the foreign policies of governments. The chapter uses the language of “empire” to describe this structure. It is a centralized and hierarchical system that unites its subjects under a single political authority, the empire of international legalism. Under the empire of international legalism, policy must be made consistent with legal obligations. However, this just means that foreign policy decisions have to come with legal reasons, and political disputes turn into arguments over what the law permits or forbids. In theory, one cannot say what the results will be.
Rhiannon Vickers
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719067440
- eISBN:
- 9781781700655
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719067440.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This chapter analyses the main influences on the Labour Party's attitudes towards international affairs. These influences include the Independent Labour Party (ILP), radical liberals and the Fabian ...
More
This chapter analyses the main influences on the Labour Party's attitudes towards international affairs. These influences include the Independent Labour Party (ILP), radical liberals and the Fabian Society. This chapter explains that radical liberals contributed greatly to Labour's liberal internationalism, the Fabians provided in part the rationalist underpinning of Labour's views on international relations, and the ILP provided the impulse towards common fellowship with other states.Less
This chapter analyses the main influences on the Labour Party's attitudes towards international affairs. These influences include the Independent Labour Party (ILP), radical liberals and the Fabian Society. This chapter explains that radical liberals contributed greatly to Labour's liberal internationalism, the Fabians provided in part the rationalist underpinning of Labour's views on international relations, and the ILP provided the impulse towards common fellowship with other states.
Zbyněk Zeman and Antonín Klimek
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205838
- eISBN:
- 9780191676802
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205838.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter describes Beneš's intuitive awareness of the broad movements of international affairs, which was naturally centred on Europe. The Czechoslovak foreign minister took little notice of the ...
More
This chapter describes Beneš's intuitive awareness of the broad movements of international affairs, which was naturally centred on Europe. The Czechoslovak foreign minister took little notice of the interests of the Great Powers outside Europe, including their imperial past. The Political Intelligence Department of the foreign office was favourably inclined to the Czechs. Apart from the nuisance of dealing with new states to the east and south-east of Germany, the British diplomacy came up with the mistakes made by them. The inflexibility of the policies of the successor states kept on offending the pragmatic British.Less
This chapter describes Beneš's intuitive awareness of the broad movements of international affairs, which was naturally centred on Europe. The Czechoslovak foreign minister took little notice of the interests of the Great Powers outside Europe, including their imperial past. The Political Intelligence Department of the foreign office was favourably inclined to the Czechs. Apart from the nuisance of dealing with new states to the east and south-east of Germany, the British diplomacy came up with the mistakes made by them. The inflexibility of the policies of the successor states kept on offending the pragmatic British.
Casper Sylvest
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719079092
- eISBN:
- 9781781703151
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719079092.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This book addresses the assumption that the historiography of International Relations (IR) and (British) intellectual history needs to be integrated, arguing that liberal internationalism is best ...
More
This book addresses the assumption that the historiography of International Relations (IR) and (British) intellectual history needs to be integrated, arguing that liberal internationalism is best conceptualised as an ideology focused on encouraging progress, sowing order and enacting justice in international affairs. It shows how liberal internationalism travelled into the twentieth century. The chapter then brings the insights of British intellectual history to bear on British international thought and to supply IR with a more sophisticated understanding of its own intellectual roots. Michael Freeden's approach provides tools for understanding how different versions of the same ideology coexist and change over time, and enables a differentiation of contexts or ‘languages’ in which liberal internationalism was promulgated by ideological agents. The book deploys a contextualist approach to the study of liberal internationalist ideology in Britain between 1880 and 1930. This chapter provides an overview of the chapters included in the book.Less
This book addresses the assumption that the historiography of International Relations (IR) and (British) intellectual history needs to be integrated, arguing that liberal internationalism is best conceptualised as an ideology focused on encouraging progress, sowing order and enacting justice in international affairs. It shows how liberal internationalism travelled into the twentieth century. The chapter then brings the insights of British intellectual history to bear on British international thought and to supply IR with a more sophisticated understanding of its own intellectual roots. Michael Freeden's approach provides tools for understanding how different versions of the same ideology coexist and change over time, and enables a differentiation of contexts or ‘languages’ in which liberal internationalism was promulgated by ideological agents. The book deploys a contextualist approach to the study of liberal internationalist ideology in Britain between 1880 and 1930. This chapter provides an overview of the chapters included in the book.
