Neville Wylie
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199547593
- eISBN:
- 9780191720581
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199547593.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter traces Anglo‐German POW relations over 1943. It examines how the shackling crisis affected the two governments' attitudes towards the functioning of the POW regime, and emphasizes the ...
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This chapter traces Anglo‐German POW relations over 1943. It examines how the shackling crisis affected the two governments' attitudes towards the functioning of the POW regime, and emphasizes the sense of realism that entered German thinking in the light of the loss of Tunisia in early 1943 and the Allied landings in Italy later that summer. This led to a softening in German attitudes towards the repatriation of sick and wounded POWs and gave rise, in October, to the first of five Anglo‐German POW exchanges of the war. Britain's protecting power also began to occupy a more prominent place in British calculations: having proved its worth during the shackling crisis the previous winter, the Swiss government was called upon to help stem the gradual decline in camp conditions over the course of the year and hold Berlin to its responsibilities under the POW convention. By the end of the year, however, a noticeable brittleness had entered Anglo‐German POW relations, as the German authorities became increasingly security‐conscious and saw British POWs, especially escapers, as a threat to the Reich's internal security.Less
This chapter traces Anglo‐German POW relations over 1943. It examines how the shackling crisis affected the two governments' attitudes towards the functioning of the POW regime, and emphasizes the sense of realism that entered German thinking in the light of the loss of Tunisia in early 1943 and the Allied landings in Italy later that summer. This led to a softening in German attitudes towards the repatriation of sick and wounded POWs and gave rise, in October, to the first of five Anglo‐German POW exchanges of the war. Britain's protecting power also began to occupy a more prominent place in British calculations: having proved its worth during the shackling crisis the previous winter, the Swiss government was called upon to help stem the gradual decline in camp conditions over the course of the year and hold Berlin to its responsibilities under the POW convention. By the end of the year, however, a noticeable brittleness had entered Anglo‐German POW relations, as the German authorities became increasingly security‐conscious and saw British POWs, especially escapers, as a threat to the Reich's internal security.
DAVID CLARK and GERARD McCOY
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198265849
- eISBN:
- 9780191715280
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198265849.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, Philosophy of Law
This chapter examines the situations in which emergency laws are invoked and the reduced scope for habeas corpus during those situations. It considers emergencies that are not necessarily called ...
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This chapter examines the situations in which emergency laws are invoked and the reduced scope for habeas corpus during those situations. It considers emergencies that are not necessarily called emergencies, for example, periods of war, and also covers the use of emergency laws that operate outside of states of emergency. These include situations where public order, preventive detention, or internal security laws coexist with the normal legal system. Special safeguards have been adopted in some jurisdictions in recognition of the potentially draconian nature of emergency laws — either in those laws themselves or in the constitution, to operate when these special or emergency laws operate. Most Commonwealth countries include in their written constitutions a chapter on emergencies, while countries without such provisions may deploy standing legislation specifically designed to govern emergencies. One of the characteristics of periods of emergency rule is mass arrests — and the subsequent discovery that many of the arrests were simply not justified or were based on the flimsiest of information.Less
This chapter examines the situations in which emergency laws are invoked and the reduced scope for habeas corpus during those situations. It considers emergencies that are not necessarily called emergencies, for example, periods of war, and also covers the use of emergency laws that operate outside of states of emergency. These include situations where public order, preventive detention, or internal security laws coexist with the normal legal system. Special safeguards have been adopted in some jurisdictions in recognition of the potentially draconian nature of emergency laws — either in those laws themselves or in the constitution, to operate when these special or emergency laws operate. Most Commonwealth countries include in their written constitutions a chapter on emergencies, while countries without such provisions may deploy standing legislation specifically designed to govern emergencies. One of the characteristics of periods of emergency rule is mass arrests — and the subsequent discovery that many of the arrests were simply not justified or were based on the flimsiest of information.
David Brown
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719074646
- eISBN:
- 9781781701911
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719074646.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This book examines the underlying foundations on which the European Union's counter-terrorism and police co-operation policies have been built since the inception of the Treaty on European Union, ...
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This book examines the underlying foundations on which the European Union's counter-terrorism and police co-operation policies have been built since the inception of the Treaty on European Union, questioning both the effectiveness and legitimacy of the EU's efforts in these two security areas. Given the importance of such developments to the wider credibility of the EU as a security actor, it adopts a more structured analysis of key stages of the implementation process. These include the establishment of objectives, both at the wider level of internal security co-operation and in terms of both counter-terrorism and policing, particularly in relation to the European Police Office, the nature of information exchange and the ‘value added’ by legislative and operational developments at the European level. The book also offers a more accurate appraisal of the official characterisation of the terrorist threat within the EU as a ‘matter of common concern’. In doing so, not only does it raise important questions about the utility of the European level for organising internal security co-operation, but it also provides a more comprehensive assessment of the EU's activities throughout the lifetime of the Third Pillar, placing in a wide and realistic context the EU's reaction to the events of 11 September 2001 and the greater prominence of Islamist terrorism.Less
This book examines the underlying foundations on which the European Union's counter-terrorism and police co-operation policies have been built since the inception of the Treaty on European Union, questioning both the effectiveness and legitimacy of the EU's efforts in these two security areas. Given the importance of such developments to the wider credibility of the EU as a security actor, it adopts a more structured analysis of key stages of the implementation process. These include the establishment of objectives, both at the wider level of internal security co-operation and in terms of both counter-terrorism and policing, particularly in relation to the European Police Office, the nature of information exchange and the ‘value added’ by legislative and operational developments at the European level. The book also offers a more accurate appraisal of the official characterisation of the terrorist threat within the EU as a ‘matter of common concern’. In doing so, not only does it raise important questions about the utility of the European level for organising internal security co-operation, but it also provides a more comprehensive assessment of the EU's activities throughout the lifetime of the Third Pillar, placing in a wide and realistic context the EU's reaction to the events of 11 September 2001 and the greater prominence of Islamist terrorism.
David Brown
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719074646
- eISBN:
- 9781781701911
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719074646.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter analyses the Third Pillar in order to establish the broader context in which the European Union's (EU) progress in counter-terrorism and police co-operation is made. It examines the ...
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This chapter analyses the Third Pillar in order to establish the broader context in which the European Union's (EU) progress in counter-terrorism and police co-operation is made. It examines the proposed establishment of an ‘Area of Freedom, Security and Justice’, which has been the overall objective of all internal security co-operation since the Treaty of Amsterdam. This chapter suggests that the AFSJ failed to address fully the concerns of the Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) at the institutional level and argues that it will take significantly more political will than thus far been on show to overcome some of the outstanding conceptual questions regarding how the AFSJ can be successfully implemented.Less
This chapter analyses the Third Pillar in order to establish the broader context in which the European Union's (EU) progress in counter-terrorism and police co-operation is made. It examines the proposed establishment of an ‘Area of Freedom, Security and Justice’, which has been the overall objective of all internal security co-operation since the Treaty of Amsterdam. This chapter suggests that the AFSJ failed to address fully the concerns of the Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) at the institutional level and argues that it will take significantly more political will than thus far been on show to overcome some of the outstanding conceptual questions regarding how the AFSJ can be successfully implemented.
Mary Kaldor
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199239979
- eISBN:
- 9780191716874
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199239979.003.0026
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
It is generally assumed that all forms of violence within the boundaries of the state are criminal and that the state guarantees internal security through the rule of law and policing. Externally, ...
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It is generally assumed that all forms of violence within the boundaries of the state are criminal and that the state guarantees internal security through the rule of law and policing. Externally, the state protects its citizens against foreign enemies using the military. This chapter suggests that the distinction between legitimate and illegitimate protection is breaking down because the traditional external role is no longer effective, and the distinction between inside and outside is becoming blurred. If states are to provide protective security, this is only possible, nowadays, within a multilateral framework in which protective security is something that every human being can expect and not just the citizens of some countries. In making this argument, the chapter starts by describing how contemporary war can be perceived as a protection racket and then consider the ways in which the distinction between legitimate and illegitimate protection is breaking down. In the final section, it discusses the prospects for reconstructing legitimacy around human or protective security.Less
It is generally assumed that all forms of violence within the boundaries of the state are criminal and that the state guarantees internal security through the rule of law and policing. Externally, the state protects its citizens against foreign enemies using the military. This chapter suggests that the distinction between legitimate and illegitimate protection is breaking down because the traditional external role is no longer effective, and the distinction between inside and outside is becoming blurred. If states are to provide protective security, this is only possible, nowadays, within a multilateral framework in which protective security is something that every human being can expect and not just the citizens of some countries. In making this argument, the chapter starts by describing how contemporary war can be perceived as a protection racket and then consider the ways in which the distinction between legitimate and illegitimate protection is breaking down. In the final section, it discusses the prospects for reconstructing legitimacy around human or protective security.
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780719087509
- eISBN:
- 9781781704882
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719087509.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Explores how security and stability within less developed countries became a central element of US security and ‘counter-subversion’ policy during the first Eisenhower administration. The chapter ...
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Explores how security and stability within less developed countries became a central element of US security and ‘counter-subversion’ policy during the first Eisenhower administration. The chapter also examines how US policy in decolonizing countries had to go beyond internal security to development and nation building. The events described herein represent Washington's first in-depth exploration into events and processes defining the decolonizing world, and how it formulated and modified its response, the NSC 1290-d or Overseas Internal Security Program.Less
Explores how security and stability within less developed countries became a central element of US security and ‘counter-subversion’ policy during the first Eisenhower administration. The chapter also examines how US policy in decolonizing countries had to go beyond internal security to development and nation building. The events described herein represent Washington's first in-depth exploration into events and processes defining the decolonizing world, and how it formulated and modified its response, the NSC 1290-d or Overseas Internal Security Program.
Berthold Rittberger, Dirk Leuffen, and Frank Schimmelfennig
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199662821
- eISBN:
- 9780191756016
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199662821.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
A prominent feature of European integration is its differentiated character, which refers to a state of territorial or horizontal fragmentation across different policy areas. In a horizontally ...
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A prominent feature of European integration is its differentiated character, which refers to a state of territorial or horizontal fragmentation across different policy areas. In a horizontally fragmented polity, EU member states demand ‘opt-outs’ from sectoral policy integration, monetary integration being the prime example. Moreover, non-EU member states are granted participation in certain EU policy regimes, such as the Schengen area or the common market. Differentiated integration thus runs counter to the notion propagated by the EU’s ‘founding fathers’ of establishing an ‘ever closer union’ in which uniform integration among its member states would be the norm. This chapter first highlights the different patterns of differentiated integration between core state and non-core state powers. In a second step, the explanatory model developed by the editors is employed and adapted to explain patterns of differentiated horizontal integration by focusing on three instances of core state powers—monetary policy, defence policy and internal security—as well as market integration as a contrasting case of a non-core state power.Less
A prominent feature of European integration is its differentiated character, which refers to a state of territorial or horizontal fragmentation across different policy areas. In a horizontally fragmented polity, EU member states demand ‘opt-outs’ from sectoral policy integration, monetary integration being the prime example. Moreover, non-EU member states are granted participation in certain EU policy regimes, such as the Schengen area or the common market. Differentiated integration thus runs counter to the notion propagated by the EU’s ‘founding fathers’ of establishing an ‘ever closer union’ in which uniform integration among its member states would be the norm. This chapter first highlights the different patterns of differentiated integration between core state and non-core state powers. In a second step, the explanatory model developed by the editors is employed and adapted to explain patterns of differentiated horizontal integration by focusing on three instances of core state powers—monetary policy, defence policy and internal security—as well as market integration as a contrasting case of a non-core state power.
Raphael Bossong and Mark Rhinard
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- December 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198739487
- eISBN:
- 9780191802461
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198739487.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
European Union cooperation in the field of internal security can now be counted amongst the most established areas of European integration studies. This introductory chapter surveys the evolution of ...
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European Union cooperation in the field of internal security can now be counted amongst the most established areas of European integration studies. This introductory chapter surveys the evolution of academic research on this phenomenon across several disciplines and theoretical approaches. It first provides a pragmatic definition of ‘internal security’ and ‘theory’ for the purposes of the volume. The chapter then sketches research developments in the field from its early beginnings to the current diverse menu of approaches and agendas, organized in terms of their respective attention to the politics, policy, or the constitutional or polity-related effects of internal security cooperation. It is argued that the maturing field should endeavour to overcome this fragmented debate and identify opportunities for dialogue. The chapter concludes by introducing the individual contributions to this volume.Less
European Union cooperation in the field of internal security can now be counted amongst the most established areas of European integration studies. This introductory chapter surveys the evolution of academic research on this phenomenon across several disciplines and theoretical approaches. It first provides a pragmatic definition of ‘internal security’ and ‘theory’ for the purposes of the volume. The chapter then sketches research developments in the field from its early beginnings to the current diverse menu of approaches and agendas, organized in terms of their respective attention to the politics, policy, or the constitutional or polity-related effects of internal security cooperation. It is argued that the maturing field should endeavour to overcome this fragmented debate and identify opportunities for dialogue. The chapter concludes by introducing the individual contributions to this volume.
Jessica Elkind
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780813165837
- eISBN:
- 9780813167183
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813165837.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Political History
This chapter deals with American attempts to defend the fragile state in South Vietnam by enhancing its security forces.It focuses on conflicts between South Vietnamese officials and American ...
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This chapter deals with American attempts to defend the fragile state in South Vietnam by enhancing its security forces.It focuses on conflicts between South Vietnamese officials and American advisers, especially police specialists from Michigan State University and the US Operations Mission, over the relationship between security and the state.The story of US assistance to South Vietnam’s law enforcement organizations reveals clearly the disastrous consequences of American and South Vietnamese policy makers’ insistence on employing military solutions for political problems.Less
This chapter deals with American attempts to defend the fragile state in South Vietnam by enhancing its security forces.It focuses on conflicts between South Vietnamese officials and American advisers, especially police specialists from Michigan State University and the US Operations Mission, over the relationship between security and the state.The story of US assistance to South Vietnam’s law enforcement organizations reveals clearly the disastrous consequences of American and South Vietnamese policy makers’ insistence on employing military solutions for political problems.
Raphael Bossong and Mark Rhinard
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- December 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198739487
- eISBN:
- 9780191802461
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198739487.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
The conclusions summarize the main themes of the volume and chart avenues for theoretical dialogue. It is argued that a possible ‘normalization’ of EU internal security cooperation has many and ...
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The conclusions summarize the main themes of the volume and chart avenues for theoretical dialogue. It is argued that a possible ‘normalization’ of EU internal security cooperation has many and contested implications for future research, ranging from increasing politicization to the extension of further political science theorizing applied to this area. At the same time, it is not possible to avoid the difficult question of the long-term trajectory or ‘finalité’ of integration in this issue area, which sheds new light on normative, ontological, and methodological differences between the different approaches assembled in this volume. Finally, the chapter points to a number of research gaps, such as the renewed importance of intergovernmentalism in European integration, and possible overlaps with other research debates, such as on crisis decision-making or the role of private actors.Less
The conclusions summarize the main themes of the volume and chart avenues for theoretical dialogue. It is argued that a possible ‘normalization’ of EU internal security cooperation has many and contested implications for future research, ranging from increasing politicization to the extension of further political science theorizing applied to this area. At the same time, it is not possible to avoid the difficult question of the long-term trajectory or ‘finalité’ of integration in this issue area, which sheds new light on normative, ontological, and methodological differences between the different approaches assembled in this volume. Finally, the chapter points to a number of research gaps, such as the renewed importance of intergovernmentalism in European integration, and possible overlaps with other research debates, such as on crisis decision-making or the role of private actors.
O.P. Mishra
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198075950
- eISBN:
- 9780199080892
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198075950.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter examines terrorism, which is considered to be one of the most serious challenges of internal security. It notes that the main goal of terrorism is to deter, frighten, terrify, and scare. ...
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This chapter examines terrorism, which is considered to be one of the most serious challenges of internal security. It notes that the main goal of terrorism is to deter, frighten, terrify, and scare. Looking at violence as the main method to create terror, various forms of terrorist violence are identified, as well as the two levels of terrorism (the specific level and the general level). The chapter looks at the different phases of terrorism in Delhi, including the early phase and the intermediate phase. It also discusses cyber terrorism, which is considered by the World Economic Forum as a global risk. In addition, the chapter throws light on modus operandi used by various terrorist groups. This is countered by sections on the proper responses to terrorism, specifically the preventive methods and strategies and the public-private partnership in combating terrorism.Less
This chapter examines terrorism, which is considered to be one of the most serious challenges of internal security. It notes that the main goal of terrorism is to deter, frighten, terrify, and scare. Looking at violence as the main method to create terror, various forms of terrorist violence are identified, as well as the two levels of terrorism (the specific level and the general level). The chapter looks at the different phases of terrorism in Delhi, including the early phase and the intermediate phase. It also discusses cyber terrorism, which is considered by the World Economic Forum as a global risk. In addition, the chapter throws light on modus operandi used by various terrorist groups. This is countered by sections on the proper responses to terrorism, specifically the preventive methods and strategies and the public-private partnership in combating terrorism.
William Michael Schmidli
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801451966
- eISBN:
- 9780801469626
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801451966.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Latin American History
This chapter looks at the U.S.-Argentine relations in 1960–1976. In the early 1960s, Argentine military leaders looked to the French, rather than the Americans, for military assistance and training. ...
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This chapter looks at the U.S.-Argentine relations in 1960–1976. In the early 1960s, Argentine military leaders looked to the French, rather than the Americans, for military assistance and training. Although recognizing the potential benefits of the Argentine–French anticommunist initiative, U.S. policymakers set out to significantly increase U.S. ties with the Argentine military, enticing the armed forces more fully into the internal security role envisioned by the Alliance for Progress. By the second half of the decade, the United States had displaced the French as the primary military influence on the Argentine armed forces and established a close relationship with the military government led by the army commander in chief Juan Carlos Onganía. As Cold War ties between the two nations solidified, U.S. military training and aid played a defining role in the formulation of the Argentine military’s national security doctrine.Less
This chapter looks at the U.S.-Argentine relations in 1960–1976. In the early 1960s, Argentine military leaders looked to the French, rather than the Americans, for military assistance and training. Although recognizing the potential benefits of the Argentine–French anticommunist initiative, U.S. policymakers set out to significantly increase U.S. ties with the Argentine military, enticing the armed forces more fully into the internal security role envisioned by the Alliance for Progress. By the second half of the decade, the United States had displaced the French as the primary military influence on the Argentine armed forces and established a close relationship with the military government led by the army commander in chief Juan Carlos Onganía. As Cold War ties between the two nations solidified, U.S. military training and aid played a defining role in the formulation of the Argentine military’s national security doctrine.
Raphael Bossong and Sandra Lavenex
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- December 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198739487
- eISBN:
- 9780191802461
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198739487.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Governance is a frequently used concept to explore the various formats of EU internal security cooperation which do not correspond to formal legal or institutional integration. Building on the ...
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Governance is a frequently used concept to explore the various formats of EU internal security cooperation which do not correspond to formal legal or institutional integration. Building on the initial heuristic concept of ‘intensive transgovernmentalism’, governance research has shown how networks of executive actors and the extensive use of soft law led to a repressive bias in AFSJ policy outcomes. The approach also reveals how the EU’s external governance has been strongly shaped by internal security objectives, which in turn generate legitimacy concerns. Finally, the complementary notion of security governance underlines the increasing diversity of actors as well as complexity of objectives in this issue area, so that one can question the assumption of centralized steering and the plausibility of political accountability.Less
Governance is a frequently used concept to explore the various formats of EU internal security cooperation which do not correspond to formal legal or institutional integration. Building on the initial heuristic concept of ‘intensive transgovernmentalism’, governance research has shown how networks of executive actors and the extensive use of soft law led to a repressive bias in AFSJ policy outcomes. The approach also reveals how the EU’s external governance has been strongly shaped by internal security objectives, which in turn generate legitimacy concerns. Finally, the complementary notion of security governance underlines the increasing diversity of actors as well as complexity of objectives in this issue area, so that one can question the assumption of centralized steering and the plausibility of political accountability.
Ariane Chebel d’Appollonia
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450686
- eISBN:
- 9780801463914
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450686.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Security Studies
On both sides of the Atlantic, restrictive immigration policies have been framed as security imperatives since the 1990s. This trend accelerated in the aftermath of 9/11 and subsequent terrorist ...
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On both sides of the Atlantic, restrictive immigration policies have been framed as security imperatives since the 1990s. This trend accelerated in the aftermath of 9/11 and subsequent terrorist attacks in Europe. This book raises two central questions with profound consequences for national security and immigration policy: First, does the securitization of immigration issues actually contribute to the enhancement of internal security? Second, does the use of counterterrorism measures address such immigration issues as the increasing number of illegal immigrants, the resilience of ethnic tensions, and the emergence of home-grown radicalization? This book questions the main assumptions that inform political agendas in the United States and throughout Europe, analyzing implementation and evaluating the effectiveness of policies in terms of their stated objectives. It argues that the new security-based immigration regime has proven ineffective in achieving its prescribed goals and even aggravated the problems it was supposed to solve: A security/insecurity cycle has been created that results in less security and less democracy. The excesses of securitization have harmed both immigration and counterterrorist policies and seriously damaged the delicate balance between security and respect for civil liberties.Less
On both sides of the Atlantic, restrictive immigration policies have been framed as security imperatives since the 1990s. This trend accelerated in the aftermath of 9/11 and subsequent terrorist attacks in Europe. This book raises two central questions with profound consequences for national security and immigration policy: First, does the securitization of immigration issues actually contribute to the enhancement of internal security? Second, does the use of counterterrorism measures address such immigration issues as the increasing number of illegal immigrants, the resilience of ethnic tensions, and the emergence of home-grown radicalization? This book questions the main assumptions that inform political agendas in the United States and throughout Europe, analyzing implementation and evaluating the effectiveness of policies in terms of their stated objectives. It argues that the new security-based immigration regime has proven ineffective in achieving its prescribed goals and even aggravated the problems it was supposed to solve: A security/insecurity cycle has been created that results in less security and less democracy. The excesses of securitization have harmed both immigration and counterterrorist policies and seriously damaged the delicate balance between security and respect for civil liberties.
Jörg Monar
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- December 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198739487
- eISBN:
- 9780191802461
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198739487.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter provides a wider historical perspective of internal security cooperation in Europe since 1975 before reviewing the specificity of this policy field in comparison with other areas of EU ...
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This chapter provides a wider historical perspective of internal security cooperation in Europe since 1975 before reviewing the specificity of this policy field in comparison with other areas of EU integration. This specificity is primarily due to its focus on internal security as a fundamental public good traditionally under the exclusive competence of the nation-state, along with its implications for the rights of the individual. The latter part of the chapter identifies five factors which primarily account for the dynamic evolution of internal security cooperation: the growth of common threat perceptions, the perceived need to take common compensatory action for the increased permeability of internal borders within the EU, the perception of EU enlargement as an internal security challenge, specific national concerns of certain member states, and, finally, the roles, interests, and agendas of the EU institutions and agencies.Less
This chapter provides a wider historical perspective of internal security cooperation in Europe since 1975 before reviewing the specificity of this policy field in comparison with other areas of EU integration. This specificity is primarily due to its focus on internal security as a fundamental public good traditionally under the exclusive competence of the nation-state, along with its implications for the rights of the individual. The latter part of the chapter identifies five factors which primarily account for the dynamic evolution of internal security cooperation: the growth of common threat perceptions, the perceived need to take common compensatory action for the increased permeability of internal borders within the EU, the perception of EU enlargement as an internal security challenge, specific national concerns of certain member states, and, finally, the roles, interests, and agendas of the EU institutions and agencies.
Martin Trybus and Nigel D White
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199218622
- eISBN:
- 9780191696114
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199218622.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law
This book considers the political and legal development of European security as understood in its external aspects — security from threats and attacks — rather than what could be called internal ...
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This book considers the political and legal development of European security as understood in its external aspects — security from threats and attacks — rather than what could be called internal security or police matters. It discusses the origins and future of European security integration and the elements of the current European security policy. It also explores the consistency of the European security framework.Less
This book considers the political and legal development of European security as understood in its external aspects — security from threats and attacks — rather than what could be called internal security or police matters. It discusses the origins and future of European security integration and the elements of the current European security policy. It also explores the consistency of the European security framework.
Arthur M. Jr. Schlesinger
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195089110
- eISBN:
- 9780199853830
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195089110.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter gives a striking account of two American presidents who confronted national emergencies that demanded bold and preemptive action—Lincoln and Roosevelt. The chapter describes them as ...
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This chapter gives a striking account of two American presidents who confronted national emergencies that demanded bold and preemptive action—Lincoln and Roosevelt. The chapter describes them as mysterious, crafty, and ruthless as politicians, discussing significantly their policies at handling war-making power and internal security. Lincoln's involvement in the war was huge and he chose to act independently of the Congress. He exaggerated the threat to national security but the stakes were high as in the case of a foreign war in Roosevelt's time. Franklin Roosevelt's emergency was different in form but he was completely mindful of Congress. Amidst an utterly divided Congress, he pushed toward enacting the Lend-Lease bill that would align the United States in the most unequivocal manner with Britain in its war against the Axis states.Less
This chapter gives a striking account of two American presidents who confronted national emergencies that demanded bold and preemptive action—Lincoln and Roosevelt. The chapter describes them as mysterious, crafty, and ruthless as politicians, discussing significantly their policies at handling war-making power and internal security. Lincoln's involvement in the war was huge and he chose to act independently of the Congress. He exaggerated the threat to national security but the stakes were high as in the case of a foreign war in Roosevelt's time. Franklin Roosevelt's emergency was different in form but he was completely mindful of Congress. Amidst an utterly divided Congress, he pushed toward enacting the Lend-Lease bill that would align the United States in the most unequivocal manner with Britain in its war against the Axis states.
David Brown
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719074646
- eISBN:
- 9781781701911
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719074646.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter considers first fifteen years of internal security co-operation, both within the Third Pillar more widely and more specifically in terms of developments in police co-operation and ...
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This chapter considers first fifteen years of internal security co-operation, both within the Third Pillar more widely and more specifically in terms of developments in police co-operation and counter terrorism. It suggests that despite the positive record found in terms of Europol's development, the EU's wider record of converting its occasionally inflated rhetoric into practical reality is sadly insubstantial. This chapter highlights the lack of clarity in the objectives of police co-operation and counter terrorism and the difference between means and ends in relation to the development of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ). It speculates on the future of the Third Pillar and suggests that EU should work towards steadying the existing foundations of internal security co-operation and building both greater credibility and legitimacy in this area.Less
This chapter considers first fifteen years of internal security co-operation, both within the Third Pillar more widely and more specifically in terms of developments in police co-operation and counter terrorism. It suggests that despite the positive record found in terms of Europol's development, the EU's wider record of converting its occasionally inflated rhetoric into practical reality is sadly insubstantial. This chapter highlights the lack of clarity in the objectives of police co-operation and counter terrorism and the difference between means and ends in relation to the development of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ). It speculates on the future of the Third Pillar and suggests that EU should work towards steadying the existing foundations of internal security co-operation and building both greater credibility and legitimacy in this area.
Timothy D. Hoyt
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804753999
- eISBN:
- 9780804768092
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804753999.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter investigates the effect of government policies intended to control internal division on overall military effectiveness. It specifically addresses the case of Iraq from 1980 to 2004. This ...
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This chapter investigates the effect of government policies intended to control internal division on overall military effectiveness. It specifically addresses the case of Iraq from 1980 to 2004. This case indicates that there is a distinct trade-off between improving military effectiveness and preserving internal security. Iraq was involved in three major wars from 1980 to 2004: the Iran-Iraq War (1980–88), the 1991 Persian Gulf War, and the 2003 U.S. war. The Iraq case supports the hypothesis that discrimination in training and education does adversely influence military skill and quality. Discrimination also harmed the capacity of the military to respond quickly to developments on the battlefield. In general, the Iraq case shows that discrimination on ethnic grounds can significantly affect the ability to mobilize resources in war, and policies that are less discriminatory appear to mobilize resources more efficiently and to create higher levels of military effectiveness.Less
This chapter investigates the effect of government policies intended to control internal division on overall military effectiveness. It specifically addresses the case of Iraq from 1980 to 2004. This case indicates that there is a distinct trade-off between improving military effectiveness and preserving internal security. Iraq was involved in three major wars from 1980 to 2004: the Iran-Iraq War (1980–88), the 1991 Persian Gulf War, and the 2003 U.S. war. The Iraq case supports the hypothesis that discrimination in training and education does adversely influence military skill and quality. Discrimination also harmed the capacity of the military to respond quickly to developments on the battlefield. In general, the Iraq case shows that discrimination on ethnic grounds can significantly affect the ability to mobilize resources in war, and policies that are less discriminatory appear to mobilize resources more efficiently and to create higher levels of military effectiveness.
Raphael Bossong and Mark Rhinard (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- December 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198739487
- eISBN:
- 9780191802461
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198739487.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
European Union internal security cooperation has flourished in recent years, drawing unprecedented attention from scholars. Yet studies in the field remain predominantly empirical, with only a ...
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European Union internal security cooperation has flourished in recent years, drawing unprecedented attention from scholars. Yet studies in the field remain predominantly empirical, with only a smattering of disconnected and disparate theoretical frameworks. At this point in the development of the field, the time is right for a volume that surveys established and promising theoretical frameworks, provides a palette of options for explaining a complicated field, and reviews methodological considerations associated with different theories. This volume brings together leading scholars of different theoretical approaches used in the field, thus providing an essential reference text for new and experienced scholars alike while at the same time helping to consolidate theoretical advancements in the field. The book aims to enhance the prospects of cumulative theorizing in this area, to encourage the quality of theorizing and methodology in this area, and to connect this growing empirical area to broader theoretical debates in EU studies.Less
European Union internal security cooperation has flourished in recent years, drawing unprecedented attention from scholars. Yet studies in the field remain predominantly empirical, with only a smattering of disconnected and disparate theoretical frameworks. At this point in the development of the field, the time is right for a volume that surveys established and promising theoretical frameworks, provides a palette of options for explaining a complicated field, and reviews methodological considerations associated with different theories. This volume brings together leading scholars of different theoretical approaches used in the field, thus providing an essential reference text for new and experienced scholars alike while at the same time helping to consolidate theoretical advancements in the field. The book aims to enhance the prospects of cumulative theorizing in this area, to encourage the quality of theorizing and methodology in this area, and to connect this growing empirical area to broader theoretical debates in EU studies.
