John F. Dovidio, Samuel L. Gaertner, Melissa-Sue John, Samer Halabi, Tamar Saguy, Adam R. Pearson, and Blake M. Riek
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195300314
- eISBN:
- 9780199868698
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300314.003.0011
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter examines the potential roles of intergroup representations, threat, and trust in the dynamics of intergroup relations between Whites and Blacks. It first explores the psychological ...
More
This chapter examines the potential roles of intergroup representations, threat, and trust in the dynamics of intergroup relations between Whites and Blacks. It first explores the psychological processes that promote intergroup bias, threat, and distrust and may lead to intergroup conflict. Second, it examines ways of reducing intergroup bias. Third, it emphasizes the importance of understanding the differing perspectives of majority- and minority-group members on intergroup relations, and illustrates the different dynamics empirically, focusing on Black-White relations within the United States as a case study. The chapter concludes by considering the implications that this conceptualization of the nature and dynamics of intergroup bias has for interventions designed to reduce bias and promote reconciliation.Less
This chapter examines the potential roles of intergroup representations, threat, and trust in the dynamics of intergroup relations between Whites and Blacks. It first explores the psychological processes that promote intergroup bias, threat, and distrust and may lead to intergroup conflict. Second, it examines ways of reducing intergroup bias. Third, it emphasizes the importance of understanding the differing perspectives of majority- and minority-group members on intergroup relations, and illustrates the different dynamics empirically, focusing on Black-White relations within the United States as a case study. The chapter concludes by considering the implications that this conceptualization of the nature and dynamics of intergroup bias has for interventions designed to reduce bias and promote reconciliation.
Miles Hewstone, Jared B. Kenworthy, Ed Cairns, Nicole Tausch, Joanne Hughes, Tania Tam, Alberto Voci, von Ulrich Hecker, and Catherine Pinder
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195300314
- eISBN:
- 9780199868698
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300314.003.0010
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter highlights three stepping stones for success in interventions for violent intergroup conflicts: investigating when and how intergroup contact results in reduced prejudice and improved ...
More
This chapter highlights three stepping stones for success in interventions for violent intergroup conflicts: investigating when and how intergroup contact results in reduced prejudice and improved intergroup relations; promoting intergroup forgiveness to replace bitterness and vengeance; and building trust across the sectarian divide. It highlights some of the contributions of social psychology to building the postconflict society envisaged by the Belfast Agreement. The chapter begins by reviewing the historical and social background to the political violence in Northern Ireland. It considers the segregated nature of society in Northern Ireland, and highlights intergroup contact as a means to overcome the problems of segregation. It then considers the neglected topic of forgiveness, arguing that a distinct form of intergroup forgiveness is relevant in cases of intergroup conflict.Less
This chapter highlights three stepping stones for success in interventions for violent intergroup conflicts: investigating when and how intergroup contact results in reduced prejudice and improved intergroup relations; promoting intergroup forgiveness to replace bitterness and vengeance; and building trust across the sectarian divide. It highlights some of the contributions of social psychology to building the postconflict society envisaged by the Belfast Agreement. The chapter begins by reviewing the historical and social background to the political violence in Northern Ireland. It considers the segregated nature of society in Northern Ireland, and highlights intergroup contact as a means to overcome the problems of segregation. It then considers the neglected topic of forgiveness, arguing that a distinct form of intergroup forgiveness is relevant in cases of intergroup conflict.
Felicia Pratto and Demis E. Glasford
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195300314
- eISBN:
- 9780199868698
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300314.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter examines the thesis that intergroup conflict may incite needs that can be met through intergroup reconciliation. In particular, it reviews research that suggests three needs that are ...
More
This chapter examines the thesis that intergroup conflict may incite needs that can be met through intergroup reconciliation. In particular, it reviews research that suggests three needs that are particularly salient during intergroup conflict — the need for self-esteem, the need to belong, and the need for self-integrity — can also be fulfilled through intergroup reconciliation. In other words, intergroup conflict may motivate social-psychological needs that can be conducive to intergroup reconciliation.Less
This chapter examines the thesis that intergroup conflict may incite needs that can be met through intergroup reconciliation. In particular, it reviews research that suggests three needs that are particularly salient during intergroup conflict — the need for self-esteem, the need to belong, and the need for self-integrity — can also be fulfilled through intergroup reconciliation. In other words, intergroup conflict may motivate social-psychological needs that can be conducive to intergroup reconciliation.
Blake M. Riek, Samuel L. Gaertner, John F. Dovidio, Marilynn B. Brewer, Eric W. Mania, and Marika J. Lamoreaux
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195300314
- eISBN:
- 9780199868698
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300314.003.0012
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter discusses how social- psychological processes influence intergroup conflict and how these processes can be used in interventions aimed at improving relations between former adversaries. ...
More
This chapter discusses how social- psychological processes influence intergroup conflict and how these processes can be used in interventions aimed at improving relations between former adversaries. It reviews psychological theory and research that offers insights into these processes and suggest ways that this information can guide diplomatic interventions.Less
This chapter discusses how social- psychological processes influence intergroup conflict and how these processes can be used in interventions aimed at improving relations between former adversaries. It reviews psychological theory and research that offers insights into these processes and suggest ways that this information can guide diplomatic interventions.
Stephen Worchel and Dawna K. Coutant
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195300314
- eISBN:
- 9780199868698
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300314.003.0019
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter explores the factors that cause and nurture intractable conflict between enduring groups, examines the implications of a focus on peaceful coexistence, and relates this perspective to ...
More
This chapter explores the factors that cause and nurture intractable conflict between enduring groups, examines the implications of a focus on peaceful coexistence, and relates this perspective to theories of conflict resolution and reconciliation. The ultimate aim is to address the question about why ethnic and cultural conflict is so prevalent and persistent and suggest approaches to improve intergroup relations. To support its position, the chapter draws on observations and research on peace programs involving ethnic groups consumed by intractable conflict, groups involving immigrants and hosts, and ethnic groups living on the island of Hawaii.Less
This chapter explores the factors that cause and nurture intractable conflict between enduring groups, examines the implications of a focus on peaceful coexistence, and relates this perspective to theories of conflict resolution and reconciliation. The ultimate aim is to address the question about why ethnic and cultural conflict is so prevalent and persistent and suggest approaches to improve intergroup relations. To support its position, the chapter draws on observations and research on peace programs involving ethnic groups consumed by intractable conflict, groups involving immigrants and hosts, and ethnic groups living on the island of Hawaii.
Jennifer Crocker, Julie A. Garcia, and Noah Nuer
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195300314
- eISBN:
- 9780199868698
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300314.003.0009
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter presents a framework for thinking about intergroup relations that can be immediately useful to people who are confronted with these issues in their daily lives. It suggests that downward ...
More
This chapter presents a framework for thinking about intergroup relations that can be immediately useful to people who are confronted with these issues in their daily lives. It suggests that downward spirals in intergroup relations are a product of egosystem motivational dynamics, and that ecosystem dynamics can create upward spirals in intergroup relations. In doing so, the chapter does not advocate abandoning attempts to change stereotypes and prejudice, or alter power and status relations; rather, it seeks to explore where individuals caught in these processes have leverage to create positive dynamics in their intergroup relations.Less
This chapter presents a framework for thinking about intergroup relations that can be immediately useful to people who are confronted with these issues in their daily lives. It suggests that downward spirals in intergroup relations are a product of egosystem motivational dynamics, and that ecosystem dynamics can create upward spirals in intergroup relations. In doing so, the chapter does not advocate abandoning attempts to change stereotypes and prejudice, or alter power and status relations; rather, it seeks to explore where individuals caught in these processes have leverage to create positive dynamics in their intergroup relations.
Morton Deutsch
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195300314
- eISBN:
- 9780199868698
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300314.003.0021
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter distinguishes between destructive conflicts that have the characteristic of a competitive struggle and constructive conflicts that are more similar to cooperative problem solving. It ...
More
This chapter distinguishes between destructive conflicts that have the characteristic of a competitive struggle and constructive conflicts that are more similar to cooperative problem solving. It views reconciliation as predicated on constructive dialogue about the past, present, and future, and enumerates the principles that need to exist for such a dialogue to occur.Less
This chapter distinguishes between destructive conflicts that have the characteristic of a competitive struggle and constructive conflicts that are more similar to cooperative problem solving. It views reconciliation as predicated on constructive dialogue about the past, present, and future, and enumerates the principles that need to exist for such a dialogue to occur.
Béatrice S. Hasler and Yair Amichai-Hamburger
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199639540
- eISBN:
- 9780191747748
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199639540.003.0012
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter examines the literature on intergroup contact as a means of reducing bias among rival groups in conflict. The basis is the Contact Hypothesis, the leading theory in the field, which ...
More
This chapter examines the literature on intergroup contact as a means of reducing bias among rival groups in conflict. The basis is the Contact Hypothesis, the leading theory in the field, which specifies the conditions for successful intergroup contact in face-to-face settings. The chapter describes how these conditions can be set out in online intergroup meetings, and goes on to discuss moderators and mediators of intergroup contact effects, and explain how these variables operate in online interactions. The chapter demonstrates how the specific characteristics of computer-mediated communication, ranging from disembodied, text-based interaction to (re)embodied, avatar-based interaction, can be used as a strategic tool to enhance intergroup contact. Based on this theoretical framework, the structure and evaluation results of organized online intergroup encounters in conflict regions are considered. The chapter concludes with an agenda for empirical studies on online intergroup contact to guide further research in this area.Less
This chapter examines the literature on intergroup contact as a means of reducing bias among rival groups in conflict. The basis is the Contact Hypothesis, the leading theory in the field, which specifies the conditions for successful intergroup contact in face-to-face settings. The chapter describes how these conditions can be set out in online intergroup meetings, and goes on to discuss moderators and mediators of intergroup contact effects, and explain how these variables operate in online interactions. The chapter demonstrates how the specific characteristics of computer-mediated communication, ranging from disembodied, text-based interaction to (re)embodied, avatar-based interaction, can be used as a strategic tool to enhance intergroup contact. Based on this theoretical framework, the structure and evaluation results of organized online intergroup encounters in conflict regions are considered. The chapter concludes with an agenda for empirical studies on online intergroup contact to guide further research in this area.
Ervin Staub
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195300314
- eISBN:
- 9780199868698
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300314.003.0018
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter describes an approach developed to promote reconciliation between Tutsis and Hutus in the aftermath of the horrific genocide in Rwanda. The approach, the research conducted to evaluate ...
More
This chapter describes an approach developed to promote reconciliation between Tutsis and Hutus in the aftermath of the horrific genocide in Rwanda. The approach, the research conducted to evaluate it, and the varied uses of it, or of aspects of it in the course of work in Rwanda are discussed. The use of the approach in seminars/workshops/trainings with people in the community, with journalists, with national leaders, with community leaders, and in weekly and monthly radio programs are described. It emphasizes the importance of both healing after group violence, and understanding the roots of violence as avenues to the prevention of new violence and to reconciliation. As a background, the general principles of reconciliation are briefly discussed.Less
This chapter describes an approach developed to promote reconciliation between Tutsis and Hutus in the aftermath of the horrific genocide in Rwanda. The approach, the research conducted to evaluate it, and the varied uses of it, or of aspects of it in the course of work in Rwanda are discussed. The use of the approach in seminars/workshops/trainings with people in the community, with journalists, with national leaders, with community leaders, and in weekly and monthly radio programs are described. It emphasizes the importance of both healing after group violence, and understanding the roots of violence as avenues to the prevention of new violence and to reconciliation. As a background, the general principles of reconciliation are briefly discussed.
Christopher Boehm
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199858996
- eISBN:
- 9780199332687
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199858996.003.0016
- Subject:
- Psychology, Evolutionary Psychology
This chapter focuses on how conflicts are managed between different groups for a sample of forty-nine nomadic forager societies. It links conflict and conflict management within groups to the same ...
More
This chapter focuses on how conflicts are managed between different groups for a sample of forty-nine nomadic forager societies. It links conflict and conflict management within groups to the same pair of behaviors when they take place between groups. The analysis requires dealing with a large evolutionary picture, which at the level of phylogenetics involves behavioral preadaptations, and at the level of culture and psychology involves people making generalizations that allow predictable, highly routinized peacemaking within groups to serve as a generalizable model for the less predictable conflict management that takes place between groups. The chapter begins by focusing on human hunter-gatherers and on chimpanzees and bonobos—the two African great apes with whom we share the greatest amount of DNA—to see what these three species are capable of in matters related to intergroup conflict and its management, and social control. After isolating some relevant social-sanctioning behaviors that were likely in our shared ancestor, a larger question is asked: how could becoming moral have changed us, in our species' potential for both external conflict and external peacemaking?Less
This chapter focuses on how conflicts are managed between different groups for a sample of forty-nine nomadic forager societies. It links conflict and conflict management within groups to the same pair of behaviors when they take place between groups. The analysis requires dealing with a large evolutionary picture, which at the level of phylogenetics involves behavioral preadaptations, and at the level of culture and psychology involves people making generalizations that allow predictable, highly routinized peacemaking within groups to serve as a generalizable model for the less predictable conflict management that takes place between groups. The chapter begins by focusing on human hunter-gatherers and on chimpanzees and bonobos—the two African great apes with whom we share the greatest amount of DNA—to see what these three species are capable of in matters related to intergroup conflict and its management, and social control. After isolating some relevant social-sanctioning behaviors that were likely in our shared ancestor, a larger question is asked: how could becoming moral have changed us, in our species' potential for both external conflict and external peacemaking?
Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691151250
- eISBN:
- 9781400838837
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691151250.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, History of Economic Thought
This chapter examines the notion that humans became cooperative because in our ancestral environments we interacted frequently with the same group of close kin, among whom tit-for-tat and other ...
More
This chapter examines the notion that humans became cooperative because in our ancestral environments we interacted frequently with the same group of close kin, among whom tit-for-tat and other strategies consistent with reciprocal altruism were sufficient to support cooperative outcomes. To this end, the chapter reviews the available archaeological and ethnographic evidence suggesting that most humans had frequent contact with a substantial number of individuals beyond the immediate family despite the existence of isolated groups. This conclusion is consistent with data on the extent of genetic differentiation among ethnographic foragers. The chapter then considers evidence that ancestral humans engaged in frequent and exceptionally lethal intergroup conflicts, as well as data implying that social order in prestate small-scale societies was sustained by a process of coordinated peer pressures and punishment. It shows that prehistoric human society was a social and natural environment in which group competition could have given rise to altruistic behaviors.Less
This chapter examines the notion that humans became cooperative because in our ancestral environments we interacted frequently with the same group of close kin, among whom tit-for-tat and other strategies consistent with reciprocal altruism were sufficient to support cooperative outcomes. To this end, the chapter reviews the available archaeological and ethnographic evidence suggesting that most humans had frequent contact with a substantial number of individuals beyond the immediate family despite the existence of isolated groups. This conclusion is consistent with data on the extent of genetic differentiation among ethnographic foragers. The chapter then considers evidence that ancestral humans engaged in frequent and exceptionally lethal intergroup conflicts, as well as data implying that social order in prestate small-scale societies was sustained by a process of coordinated peer pressures and punishment. It shows that prehistoric human society was a social and natural environment in which group competition could have given rise to altruistic behaviors.
David O Sears
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195335453
- eISBN:
- 9780199893904
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335453.003.0014
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter contends that experimental social psychology — particularly that dealing with intergroup relations — is shaped by multicultural political sensibilities. Multiculturalism is based on the ...
More
This chapter contends that experimental social psychology — particularly that dealing with intergroup relations — is shaped by multicultural political sensibilities. Multiculturalism is based on the expectation of intergroup conflict, and as such is incompatible with individual-centered social psychological theories that emphasize individualism, integration, and assimilation. Given that political psychology uses experimental investigations based largely on college student samples, the field is not well situated to assess the external validity of multicultural- and individual-centered approaches. As an illustration, the chapter presents evidence indicating it is problematic to make universal claims of an “incompatibility” between ethnic and national identities, instead suggesting that the relationship between these identities is highly nuanced and contextualized. In conclusion, the chapter suggests that cross-talk between psychology and political science may be helpful in overcoming these difficulties, providing a healthy, generative stimulus for the development of the field as a whole.Less
This chapter contends that experimental social psychology — particularly that dealing with intergroup relations — is shaped by multicultural political sensibilities. Multiculturalism is based on the expectation of intergroup conflict, and as such is incompatible with individual-centered social psychological theories that emphasize individualism, integration, and assimilation. Given that political psychology uses experimental investigations based largely on college student samples, the field is not well situated to assess the external validity of multicultural- and individual-centered approaches. As an illustration, the chapter presents evidence indicating it is problematic to make universal claims of an “incompatibility” between ethnic and national identities, instead suggesting that the relationship between these identities is highly nuanced and contextualized. In conclusion, the chapter suggests that cross-talk between psychology and political science may be helpful in overcoming these difficulties, providing a healthy, generative stimulus for the development of the field as a whole.
Greg Robinson and Robert S. Chang (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496810458
- eISBN:
- 9781496810496
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496810458.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
The question of how relations between marginalized groups are impacted by their common and sometimes competing search for equal rights has become acutely important. Demographic projections make it ...
More
The question of how relations between marginalized groups are impacted by their common and sometimes competing search for equal rights has become acutely important. Demographic projections make it easy now to imagine a future majority population of color in the United States. This book sets forth some of the issues involved in the interplay among members of various racial, ethnic, and sexual minorities. Robert S. Chang initiated the Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation Project and invited the book's author to collaborate. The two brought together scholars from different backgrounds and disciplines to engage a set of interrelated questions confronting groups generally considered minorities. This collection strives to stimulate further thinking and writing by social scientists, legal scholars, and policymakers on inter-minority connections. Particularly, scholars test the limits of intergroup cooperation and coalition building. For marginalized groups, coalition building seems to offer a pathway to addressing economic discrimination and reaching some measure of justice with regard to opportunities. The need for coalitions also acknowledges a democratic process in which racialized groups face significant difficulty gaining real political power, despite such legislation as the Voting Rights Act.Less
The question of how relations between marginalized groups are impacted by their common and sometimes competing search for equal rights has become acutely important. Demographic projections make it easy now to imagine a future majority population of color in the United States. This book sets forth some of the issues involved in the interplay among members of various racial, ethnic, and sexual minorities. Robert S. Chang initiated the Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation Project and invited the book's author to collaborate. The two brought together scholars from different backgrounds and disciplines to engage a set of interrelated questions confronting groups generally considered minorities. This collection strives to stimulate further thinking and writing by social scientists, legal scholars, and policymakers on inter-minority connections. Particularly, scholars test the limits of intergroup cooperation and coalition building. For marginalized groups, coalition building seems to offer a pathway to addressing economic discrimination and reaching some measure of justice with regard to opportunities. The need for coalitions also acknowledges a democratic process in which racialized groups face significant difficulty gaining real political power, despite such legislation as the Voting Rights Act.
Devin G. Ray, Diane M. Mackie, and Eliot R. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199659180
- eISBN:
- 9780191772238
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199659180.003.0016
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology, Developmental Psychology
Intergroup emotions are emotions derived from self-categorization as a member of a social group rather than from individual definitions of self. Intergroup emotions theory (IET) proposes the ...
More
Intergroup emotions are emotions derived from self-categorization as a member of a social group rather than from individual definitions of self. Intergroup emotions theory (IET) proposes the existence and influence of such emotions in the attempt to understand the bewildering variety and apparent senselessness of intergroup conflict and its expression. This chapter reviews the theoretical origins of IET, evidence supporting the existence and importance of intergroup emotions, as well as how intergroup emotion functions as a self-regulatory (and group-regulatory) system. The combination of theoretical precision and supportive empirical evidence makes IET a powerful and useful perspective for understanding collective emotion, collective action, and intergroup relations.Less
Intergroup emotions are emotions derived from self-categorization as a member of a social group rather than from individual definitions of self. Intergroup emotions theory (IET) proposes the existence and influence of such emotions in the attempt to understand the bewildering variety and apparent senselessness of intergroup conflict and its expression. This chapter reviews the theoretical origins of IET, evidence supporting the existence and importance of intergroup emotions, as well as how intergroup emotion functions as a self-regulatory (and group-regulatory) system. The combination of theoretical precision and supportive empirical evidence makes IET a powerful and useful perspective for understanding collective emotion, collective action, and intergroup relations.
Eran Halperin
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199659180
- eISBN:
- 9780191772238
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199659180.003.0019
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology, Developmental Psychology
This chapter focuses on the role of different collective emotional elements in creating, preserving, and resolving intractable conflicts. The main premise is that collective emotions play a pivotal ...
More
This chapter focuses on the role of different collective emotional elements in creating, preserving, and resolving intractable conflicts. The main premise is that collective emotions play a pivotal role in shaping individual and societal responses to conflicting events as well as in contributing to the evolvement of social contexts that maintain the emotional climate and collective emotional orientation that have developed. The chapter deals mainly with the mutual relations between long-term emotions as part of the context of the conflict (i.e., collective emotional orientation, emotional sentiments, and emotional climate) and group-based emotions evoked as individual-level reactions to conflict-related events. Finally, in addition to describing the emotional process which takes place within an intractable conflict, it will also introduce strategies of collective emotion regulation as a possible path for constructive conflict resolution.Less
This chapter focuses on the role of different collective emotional elements in creating, preserving, and resolving intractable conflicts. The main premise is that collective emotions play a pivotal role in shaping individual and societal responses to conflicting events as well as in contributing to the evolvement of social contexts that maintain the emotional climate and collective emotional orientation that have developed. The chapter deals mainly with the mutual relations between long-term emotions as part of the context of the conflict (i.e., collective emotional orientation, emotional sentiments, and emotional climate) and group-based emotions evoked as individual-level reactions to conflict-related events. Finally, in addition to describing the emotional process which takes place within an intractable conflict, it will also introduce strategies of collective emotion regulation as a possible path for constructive conflict resolution.
Leonard S. Newman and Ralph Erber (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195133622
- eISBN:
- 9780199847952
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195133622.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
When and why do groups target each other for extermination? How do seemingly normal people become participants in genocide? Why do some individuals come to the rescue of members of targeted groups, ...
More
When and why do groups target each other for extermination? How do seemingly normal people become participants in genocide? Why do some individuals come to the rescue of members of targeted groups, while others just passively observe their victimization? And how do perpetrators and bystanders later come to terms with the choices that they made? In this book — the first collection of essays representing social psychological perspectives on genocide and the Holocaust — prominent social psychologists use the principles derived from contemporary research in their field to try to shed light on the behavior of the perpetrators of genocide. The primary focus of this volume is on the Holocaust, but the conclusions reached have relevance for attempts to understand any episode of mass killing. Among the topics covered are how crises and difficult life conditions might set the stage for violent intergroup conflict; why some groups are more likely than others to be selected as scapegoats; how certain cultural values and beliefs could facilitate the initiation of genocide; the roles of conformity and obedience to authority in shaping behavior; how engaging in violent behavior makes it easier to for one to aggress again; the evidence for a “genocide-prone” personality; and how perpetrators deceive themselves about what they have done. The book seeks to provide the reader with new ways of making sense of the horrors of genocide and to provide at least some of the knowledge needed to anticipate and prevent future such tragic episodes.Less
When and why do groups target each other for extermination? How do seemingly normal people become participants in genocide? Why do some individuals come to the rescue of members of targeted groups, while others just passively observe their victimization? And how do perpetrators and bystanders later come to terms with the choices that they made? In this book — the first collection of essays representing social psychological perspectives on genocide and the Holocaust — prominent social psychologists use the principles derived from contemporary research in their field to try to shed light on the behavior of the perpetrators of genocide. The primary focus of this volume is on the Holocaust, but the conclusions reached have relevance for attempts to understand any episode of mass killing. Among the topics covered are how crises and difficult life conditions might set the stage for violent intergroup conflict; why some groups are more likely than others to be selected as scapegoats; how certain cultural values and beliefs could facilitate the initiation of genocide; the roles of conformity and obedience to authority in shaping behavior; how engaging in violent behavior makes it easier to for one to aggress again; the evidence for a “genocide-prone” personality; and how perpetrators deceive themselves about what they have done. The book seeks to provide the reader with new ways of making sense of the horrors of genocide and to provide at least some of the knowledge needed to anticipate and prevent future such tragic episodes.
Michelle Brown and Margaret Crofoot
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199659449
- eISBN:
- 9780191774775
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199659449.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology, Ecology
Studying relationships among primate social groups poses a number of logistical challenges: encounters between groups occur relatively infrequently, interactions are often fast-paced and hectic and, ...
More
Studying relationships among primate social groups poses a number of logistical challenges: encounters between groups occur relatively infrequently, interactions are often fast-paced and hectic and, unless all the social groups in a study area are habituated, the presence of human observers may have a significant impact on the outcome of intergroup conflicts. This chapter encourages a more focused approach to the study of intergroup interactions by detailing methods that researchers can use to facilitate inter-specific and inter-site comparisons. It begins by clarifying some of the terms commonly used to describe intergroup relationships, followed by a discussion of observational and experimental methods used to study interactions between primate social groups, and a review of methods for analyzing the impact of intergroup interactions on ranging patterns and space use. It concludes with a brief outline of some important avenues for future research.Less
Studying relationships among primate social groups poses a number of logistical challenges: encounters between groups occur relatively infrequently, interactions are often fast-paced and hectic and, unless all the social groups in a study area are habituated, the presence of human observers may have a significant impact on the outcome of intergroup conflicts. This chapter encourages a more focused approach to the study of intergroup interactions by detailing methods that researchers can use to facilitate inter-specific and inter-site comparisons. It begins by clarifying some of the terms commonly used to describe intergroup relationships, followed by a discussion of observational and experimental methods used to study interactions between primate social groups, and a review of methods for analyzing the impact of intergroup interactions on ranging patterns and space use. It concludes with a brief outline of some important avenues for future research.
