Shmuel Shulman, Miri Scharf, and Lital Shachar-Shapira
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199736546
- eISBN:
- 9780199932443
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199736546.003.0008
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Clinical Child Psychology / School Psychology
This chapter examines how parents' own romantic experiences as adolescents serve as models for the way they address their adolescent offspring's romance and sexuality and how this, in turn, shapes ...
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This chapter examines how parents' own romantic experiences as adolescents serve as models for the way they address their adolescent offspring's romance and sexuality and how this, in turn, shapes adolescent romantic behavior. In particular, emerging adolescent romantic interests and activities can reawaken parents' own relationship difficulties and doubts from the past and set the stage for their current parenting. These linkages are examined within a broader conceptual framework, influenced by attachment and psychoanalytic perspectives, that attempts to understand the dynamics of intergenerational transmission of parenting.Less
This chapter examines how parents' own romantic experiences as adolescents serve as models for the way they address their adolescent offspring's romance and sexuality and how this, in turn, shapes adolescent romantic behavior. In particular, emerging adolescent romantic interests and activities can reawaken parents' own relationship difficulties and doubts from the past and set the stage for their current parenting. These linkages are examined within a broader conceptual framework, influenced by attachment and psychoanalytic perspectives, that attempts to understand the dynamics of intergenerational transmission of parenting.
Jo Boyden, Abby Hardgrove, and Caroline Knowles
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847424822
- eISBN:
- 9781447307235
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847424822.003.0019
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
This chapter provides an overview of Young Lives, a longitudinal study of childhood poverty following the lives of 12,000 children in 4 developing countries (Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam) over ...
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This chapter provides an overview of Young Lives, a longitudinal study of childhood poverty following the lives of 12,000 children in 4 developing countries (Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam) over 15 years. The authors outline the study's conceptual and analytical framework and report on some early findings concerning trends in child welfare and the dynamics of child poverty, in particular looking at how poverty is transmitted across generations. Based on data collected when the children were aged 5 and 12, they conclude that economic growth itself will not solve the problems associated with poverty in childhood, and in some instances can accentuate inequalities. They also conclude that the experience of deprivations in childhood cast a very long shadow for children as they grow and develop, and that properly designed social policies can have a protective effect against economic shocks (such as the global financial crisis).Less
This chapter provides an overview of Young Lives, a longitudinal study of childhood poverty following the lives of 12,000 children in 4 developing countries (Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam) over 15 years. The authors outline the study's conceptual and analytical framework and report on some early findings concerning trends in child welfare and the dynamics of child poverty, in particular looking at how poverty is transmitted across generations. Based on data collected when the children were aged 5 and 12, they conclude that economic growth itself will not solve the problems associated with poverty in childhood, and in some instances can accentuate inequalities. They also conclude that the experience of deprivations in childhood cast a very long shadow for children as they grow and develop, and that properly designed social policies can have a protective effect against economic shocks (such as the global financial crisis).
Irena Kogan
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780197266373
- eISBN:
- 9780191879562
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266373.003.0012
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter explores how sexual liberalisation values differ between young people with an immigrant background and their majority peers in Sweden, Germany, the Netherlands and England. It focuses in ...
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This chapter explores how sexual liberalisation values differ between young people with an immigrant background and their majority peers in Sweden, Germany, the Netherlands and England. It focuses in particular on cultural aspects of immigrant integration, including acculturative change associated with immigrant generations, as well as youth’s varying ethno-cultural heritages and religious affiliations. Analyses document the tendency to more-conservative attitudes among minorities with a more traditional background, in terms of both religious affiliation and country of origin. That cultural imprints are resilient towards acculturative tendencies is also sustained by our findings of no significant differences between first- and second-generation immigrants. Consistently across all four CILS4EU countries, the more religious individuals displayed lower levels of sexual liberalism, other things being equal. Parents are proved to be influential in young people’s value formation, with the congruence of values between parents and children being significantly stronger in more-religious families. Finally, the study highlights the assimilative role of interethnic mixing in terms of either intermarriages or young people’s interethnic friendship ties.Less
This chapter explores how sexual liberalisation values differ between young people with an immigrant background and their majority peers in Sweden, Germany, the Netherlands and England. It focuses in particular on cultural aspects of immigrant integration, including acculturative change associated with immigrant generations, as well as youth’s varying ethno-cultural heritages and religious affiliations. Analyses document the tendency to more-conservative attitudes among minorities with a more traditional background, in terms of both religious affiliation and country of origin. That cultural imprints are resilient towards acculturative tendencies is also sustained by our findings of no significant differences between first- and second-generation immigrants. Consistently across all four CILS4EU countries, the more religious individuals displayed lower levels of sexual liberalism, other things being equal. Parents are proved to be influential in young people’s value formation, with the congruence of values between parents and children being significantly stronger in more-religious families. Finally, the study highlights the assimilative role of interethnic mixing in terms of either intermarriages or young people’s interethnic friendship ties.
C. Y. Cyrus Chu and Ruoh‐Rong Yu
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199578092
- eISBN:
- 9780191722424
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199578092.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter analyzes the intergenerational transmission of gender preferences in education investment at the macro and the micro level using the Taiwan PSFD data. The macro‐level analysis shows ...
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This chapter analyzes the intergenerational transmission of gender preferences in education investment at the macro and the micro level using the Taiwan PSFD data. The macro‐level analysis shows that, relative to the older generation, (1) parental differential treatment of girls has become weaker for the younger generation, (2) the influence of parental educational background on child schooling is weaker for the younger generation, and (3) the helping effect of elder siblings has become a competing effect for the younger generation. Tracing each micro lineage, however, a weak habitus effect of the gender‐specific mindset within each lineage is found, in the sense that mothers who were treated unfavorably when they were young tend to treat their female children unfavorably. It is also shown that education is the most important factor in the dilution of this habitus effect.Less
This chapter analyzes the intergenerational transmission of gender preferences in education investment at the macro and the micro level using the Taiwan PSFD data. The macro‐level analysis shows that, relative to the older generation, (1) parental differential treatment of girls has become weaker for the younger generation, (2) the influence of parental educational background on child schooling is weaker for the younger generation, and (3) the helping effect of elder siblings has become a competing effect for the younger generation. Tracing each micro lineage, however, a weak habitus effect of the gender‐specific mindset within each lineage is found, in the sense that mothers who were treated unfavorably when they were young tend to treat their female children unfavorably. It is also shown that education is the most important factor in the dilution of this habitus effect.
Gabriella Berloffa, Eleonora Matteazzi, and Paola Villa
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190864798
- eISBN:
- 9780190864828
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190864798.003.0010
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy, Communities and Organizations
This chapter examines how intergenerational transmission of worklessness varies according to the gender of parents and their children in 26 European countries. The analysis draws on EU-SILC 2011 ...
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This chapter examines how intergenerational transmission of worklessness varies according to the gender of parents and their children in 26 European countries. The analysis draws on EU-SILC 2011 cross-sectional data, using a sample of young people aged 25–34 years for whom information about parental background characteristics when the young people were aged approximately 14 years is available. Fathers’ and mothers’ employment conditions during their children’s adolescence were expected to impact differently on the labor outcomes of sons and daughters, with cross-country differences depending on national-specific socioeconomic structures and institutional contexts. Empirical findings suggest that having had a workless mother increases both sons’ and daughters’ likelihood of being workless at approximately age 30 years in all but the Nordic countries. Fathers’ employment matters for both sons and daughters in Mediterranean and Eastern countries, only for daughters in English-speaking countries, and only for sons in Nordic countries.Less
This chapter examines how intergenerational transmission of worklessness varies according to the gender of parents and their children in 26 European countries. The analysis draws on EU-SILC 2011 cross-sectional data, using a sample of young people aged 25–34 years for whom information about parental background characteristics when the young people were aged approximately 14 years is available. Fathers’ and mothers’ employment conditions during their children’s adolescence were expected to impact differently on the labor outcomes of sons and daughters, with cross-country differences depending on national-specific socioeconomic structures and institutional contexts. Empirical findings suggest that having had a workless mother increases both sons’ and daughters’ likelihood of being workless at approximately age 30 years in all but the Nordic countries. Fathers’ employment matters for both sons and daughters in Mediterranean and Eastern countries, only for daughters in English-speaking countries, and only for sons in Nordic countries.
Katarzyna Lubiewska
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781447300984
- eISBN:
- 9781447310921
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447300984.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
In this chapter dissimilarities of findings regarding intergenerational continuities of attachment are discussed in the light of developmental processes, contextual variables and measurement issues. ...
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In this chapter dissimilarities of findings regarding intergenerational continuities of attachment are discussed in the light of developmental processes, contextual variables and measurement issues. The distinction between intergenerational transmission and its outcome - intergenerational congruence of attachment - is used to distinguish between two types of conclusions that may be drawn based on studies on individual attachment in the parent-child dyad. It is proposed that evidence on intergenerational congruencies of attachment add more to our knowledge on the intergenerational transmission process rather than its outcome, congruence. Adaptability of parent-child behaviours is stressed as the cause of both similarity and divergence of attachment quality across generations.Less
In this chapter dissimilarities of findings regarding intergenerational continuities of attachment are discussed in the light of developmental processes, contextual variables and measurement issues. The distinction between intergenerational transmission and its outcome - intergenerational congruence of attachment - is used to distinguish between two types of conclusions that may be drawn based on studies on individual attachment in the parent-child dyad. It is proposed that evidence on intergenerational congruencies of attachment add more to our knowledge on the intergenerational transmission process rather than its outcome, congruence. Adaptability of parent-child behaviours is stressed as the cause of both similarity and divergence of attachment quality across generations.
Zahava Solomon, Gadi Zerach, and Alana Siegel
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190874551
- eISBN:
- 9780190874582
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190874551.003.0008
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
This chapter reviews some of the findings of a multi-cohort longitudinal study spanning over three decades, focusing on the secondary post-traumatic stress symptoms among adult offspring of Israeli ...
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This chapter reviews some of the findings of a multi-cohort longitudinal study spanning over three decades, focusing on the secondary post-traumatic stress symptoms among adult offspring of Israeli former prisoners of war (POWs) whose fathers were captured by the Egyptians and Syrians during the 1973 Yom Kippur War. The effects of captivity on the ex-POWs’ mental health and parenting as well as its consequential effects on their offspring are examined in the veterans (fathers), their wives (mothers), and their offspring. The chapter discusses offspring characteristics that may render them vulnerable or resilient: (1) gender; (2) the Big Five personality traits: openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism; and (3) differentiation of self. Findings include the strong intergenerational effects of trauma, particularly on sons; very late–onset results of PTSD in the fathers; the possible mediating effects of parental PTSD; and the role of the offspring’s genetic and personality characteristics.Less
This chapter reviews some of the findings of a multi-cohort longitudinal study spanning over three decades, focusing on the secondary post-traumatic stress symptoms among adult offspring of Israeli former prisoners of war (POWs) whose fathers were captured by the Egyptians and Syrians during the 1973 Yom Kippur War. The effects of captivity on the ex-POWs’ mental health and parenting as well as its consequential effects on their offspring are examined in the veterans (fathers), their wives (mothers), and their offspring. The chapter discusses offspring characteristics that may render them vulnerable or resilient: (1) gender; (2) the Big Five personality traits: openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism; and (3) differentiation of self. Findings include the strong intergenerational effects of trauma, particularly on sons; very late–onset results of PTSD in the fathers; the possible mediating effects of parental PTSD; and the role of the offspring’s genetic and personality characteristics.
Christian Smith, Bridget Ritz, and Michael Rotolo
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691194967
- eISBN:
- 9780691197821
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691194967.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Sociology of Religion
This introductory chapter describes the research approach to the question, “How do religious parents in the United States approach the task of passing on their religious faith and practice to their ...
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This introductory chapter describes the research approach to the question, “How do religious parents in the United States approach the task of passing on their religious faith and practice to their children?” It then goes further to consider the implications of the question on theories of culture and how it works. The chapter suggests two different answers to these questions, one substantive and one theoretical. Substantively, it shows how American religious parents tackle the challenge of intergenerational religious transmission to children. Theoretically, the chapter reveals what an inquiry into that substantive concern can teach about the nature and operation of culture more generally.Less
This introductory chapter describes the research approach to the question, “How do religious parents in the United States approach the task of passing on their religious faith and practice to their children?” It then goes further to consider the implications of the question on theories of culture and how it works. The chapter suggests two different answers to these questions, one substantive and one theoretical. Substantively, it shows how American religious parents tackle the challenge of intergenerational religious transmission to children. Theoretically, the chapter reveals what an inquiry into that substantive concern can teach about the nature and operation of culture more generally.
Carlos Pitillas
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447341284
- eISBN:
- 9781447341338
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447341284.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
This chapter explores the effects of exposure to violence during childhood in contexts of poverty, as well as some of the psychosocial mechanisms involved in the intergenerational transmission of ...
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This chapter explores the effects of exposure to violence during childhood in contexts of poverty, as well as some of the psychosocial mechanisms involved in the intergenerational transmission of violence. Essential processes of child-parent attachment in the early years are explored, as well as the disorganization of early attachment related to violence. Among the effects of early attachment disorganization are failures in emotion regulation, social agency, and mentalization, all of which tend to distort future parent-child relationships, thus exposing the next generation to violence. Principles and policies to promote resilience among children in contexts of poverty are discussed in the last section of the chapter.Less
This chapter explores the effects of exposure to violence during childhood in contexts of poverty, as well as some of the psychosocial mechanisms involved in the intergenerational transmission of violence. Essential processes of child-parent attachment in the early years are explored, as well as the disorganization of early attachment related to violence. Among the effects of early attachment disorganization are failures in emotion regulation, social agency, and mentalization, all of which tend to distort future parent-child relationships, thus exposing the next generation to violence. Principles and policies to promote resilience among children in contexts of poverty are discussed in the last section of the chapter.
Sonya Salamon
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807845530
- eISBN:
- 9781469616094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9780807845530.003.0008
- Subject:
- Anthropology, American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology
This chapter discusses how lifecourse imperatives require an intergenerational transmission of family land about every twenty-five to thirty years. How parents transfer family resources to children ...
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This chapter discusses how lifecourse imperatives require an intergenerational transmission of family land about every twenty-five to thirty years. How parents transfer family resources to children is strongly influenced by inheritance priorities intrinsic to cultural beliefs about land. Household-level decisions—the inheritance patterns of previous generations and the responses of sibling heirs to the patrimony received—have cumulative effects on farm community land tenure patterns. Loyalty among siblings and to the farm—symbolized by a sense of a shared patrimony—is powerfully shaped by the family environment. Families, aware that sibling strife can potentially destroy a landed patrimony, generally attempt to forge solidarity by socializing children to honor an “axiom of amity.”Less
This chapter discusses how lifecourse imperatives require an intergenerational transmission of family land about every twenty-five to thirty years. How parents transfer family resources to children is strongly influenced by inheritance priorities intrinsic to cultural beliefs about land. Household-level decisions—the inheritance patterns of previous generations and the responses of sibling heirs to the patrimony received—have cumulative effects on farm community land tenure patterns. Loyalty among siblings and to the farm—symbolized by a sense of a shared patrimony—is powerfully shaped by the family environment. Families, aware that sibling strife can potentially destroy a landed patrimony, generally attempt to forge solidarity by socializing children to honor an “axiom of amity.”
Christian Smith, Bridget Ritz, and Michael Rotolo
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691194967
- eISBN:
- 9780691197821
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691194967.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Sociology of Religion
This concluding chapter reviews, highlights, and elaborates on some key points. Many scholars in the social sciences and the humanities study various aspects of religion. Despite it being a question ...
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This concluding chapter reviews, highlights, and elaborates on some key points. Many scholars in the social sciences and the humanities study various aspects of religion. Despite it being a question of huge importance for religion and family life, however, extremely few scholars have studied how and why religious parents raise their children to pass on to them their religious practices and beliefs. This chapter engages this question of intergenerational religious transmission by taking a cultural approach, in the hope of further opening up this area for additional study and providing helpful answers and greater understanding. In the process, the chapter discusses some important things about the nature and workings of culture generally. But it notes that much more research on both religious parenting and cultural models is needed beyond what has been accomplished here.Less
This concluding chapter reviews, highlights, and elaborates on some key points. Many scholars in the social sciences and the humanities study various aspects of religion. Despite it being a question of huge importance for religion and family life, however, extremely few scholars have studied how and why religious parents raise their children to pass on to them their religious practices and beliefs. This chapter engages this question of intergenerational religious transmission by taking a cultural approach, in the hope of further opening up this area for additional study and providing helpful answers and greater understanding. In the process, the chapter discusses some important things about the nature and workings of culture generally. But it notes that much more research on both religious parenting and cultural models is needed beyond what has been accomplished here.
Prema A. Kurien
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781479804757
- eISBN:
- 9781479845477
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479804757.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This book examines how a new paradigm of ethnicity and religion is shaping contemporary immigrant religious institutions and the intergenerational transmission of religion. While earlier European ...
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This book examines how a new paradigm of ethnicity and religion is shaping contemporary immigrant religious institutions and the intergenerational transmission of religion. While earlier European immigrants to the United States were expected to assimilate to the culture of the host society in the public realm, they could maintain their community lives and cultural traditions through American denominations. In contemporary society, multiculturalism and post-denominationalism have reversed this paradigm. First- and second-generation immigrants integrate by remaining ethnic and group-identified, but religion is viewed as a personal quest. Drawing on multisited field research in the United States and India, including interviews and participant observation in the Mar Thoma Syrian Christian denomination belonging to an ancient south Indian community, the book looks at the shifts in the understanding and practice of Christianity by church members as a result of their U.S. migration and the coming of age of the American-born generation. The widespread prevalence of megachurches and the dominance of American evangelicalism created an environment in which the traditional practices of the Mar Thoma church seemed alien to its American-born generation. Second-generation Mar Thoma Americans were caught between their criticisms of the “ethnic” character of the Mar Thoma church and its traditions, and their appreciation for the social support its warm community and familial relationships provided them as they were growing up. This book is also a case study of global religion. It examines how transnational processes shape religion in both the place of destination and the place of origin.Less
This book examines how a new paradigm of ethnicity and religion is shaping contemporary immigrant religious institutions and the intergenerational transmission of religion. While earlier European immigrants to the United States were expected to assimilate to the culture of the host society in the public realm, they could maintain their community lives and cultural traditions through American denominations. In contemporary society, multiculturalism and post-denominationalism have reversed this paradigm. First- and second-generation immigrants integrate by remaining ethnic and group-identified, but religion is viewed as a personal quest. Drawing on multisited field research in the United States and India, including interviews and participant observation in the Mar Thoma Syrian Christian denomination belonging to an ancient south Indian community, the book looks at the shifts in the understanding and practice of Christianity by church members as a result of their U.S. migration and the coming of age of the American-born generation. The widespread prevalence of megachurches and the dominance of American evangelicalism created an environment in which the traditional practices of the Mar Thoma church seemed alien to its American-born generation. Second-generation Mar Thoma Americans were caught between their criticisms of the “ethnic” character of the Mar Thoma church and its traditions, and their appreciation for the social support its warm community and familial relationships provided them as they were growing up. This book is also a case study of global religion. It examines how transnational processes shape religion in both the place of destination and the place of origin.
Christian Smith, Bridget Ritz, and Michael Rotolo
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780691194967
- eISBN:
- 9780691197821
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691194967.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Sociology of Religion
This chapter examines three other important cultural models that condition their approach to religious transmission to children—those concerning the nature of children, the task of parenting, and the ...
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This chapter examines three other important cultural models that condition their approach to religious transmission to children—those concerning the nature of children, the task of parenting, and the importance of family solidarity. The dominant view of religious American parents about intergenerational religious transmission is also informed by a particular understanding of children's nature and potentials. In addition, American religious parents have a cultural model not only of the nature of children but also the job of parenting. Finally, conversations with religious parents about passing on religion to children brought to the surface a distinct cultural model with its own beliefs and associated feelings about the importance of family solidarity. This outlook is related to the cultural models of the nature of children and the task of parenting described above, but not reducible to them.Less
This chapter examines three other important cultural models that condition their approach to religious transmission to children—those concerning the nature of children, the task of parenting, and the importance of family solidarity. The dominant view of religious American parents about intergenerational religious transmission is also informed by a particular understanding of children's nature and potentials. In addition, American religious parents have a cultural model not only of the nature of children but also the job of parenting. Finally, conversations with religious parents about passing on religion to children brought to the surface a distinct cultural model with its own beliefs and associated feelings about the importance of family solidarity. This outlook is related to the cultural models of the nature of children and the task of parenting described above, but not reducible to them.
Carmine M. Pariante
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780199676859
- eISBN:
- 9780191918346
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199676859.003.0023
- Subject:
- Clinical Medicine and Allied Health, Psychiatry
I met Channi for the first time when I was a senior house officer (trainee) in psychiatry at the Maudsley Hospital, and I worked under his supervision for ...
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I met Channi for the first time when I was a senior house officer (trainee) in psychiatry at the Maudsley Hospital, and I worked under his supervision for 6 months, in 1998. At that time, Channi was the only Consultant Perinatal Psychiatrist at the Maudsley, covering the Liaison Services at King’s College Hospital, the outreach work, and the Mother and Baby Unit. And, of course, he was leading the academic section. It is perhaps the best tribute to his memory that it takes now three consultants and two academics to do the work that he was then doing all by himself! I was already interested in neuroendocrinology, and Channi was fascinated by the possibility that hormones might have a role in the mental health problems of the perinatal period. At that time, the notion that hormonal changes in pregnancy could have long-lasting effects on the offspring was still at its infancy, and I remember fondly the many discussions on this topic with Channi, sitting at his famous old desk. Channi was a pioneer in this field: he was the first to emphasize the dramatic impact of depression in pregnancy on the wellbeing of mothers and children. I am honoured to be able to continue this line of research today. The intergenerational transmission of stress has powerful clinical and social consequences, consolidating social adversity and psychopathology in future generations. The 2007 Policy Briefing by the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, ‘Preventing child maltreatment in Europe: a public health approach’ (WHO 2007), recognizes that ‘there is an association between maltreatment in childhood and the risk of later . . . becoming a perpetrator of violence or other antisocial behaviour as a teenager or adult’. The report also highlights that the costs are both overt (for example, medical care for victims, treatment of offenders, and legal costs for social care) and less obvious (for example, criminal justice and prosecution costs, specialist education, and mental health provision). In Europe, only the United Kingdom has calculated the total economic burden, estimated to be £735 million in 1996 (WHO 2007).
Less
I met Channi for the first time when I was a senior house officer (trainee) in psychiatry at the Maudsley Hospital, and I worked under his supervision for 6 months, in 1998. At that time, Channi was the only Consultant Perinatal Psychiatrist at the Maudsley, covering the Liaison Services at King’s College Hospital, the outreach work, and the Mother and Baby Unit. And, of course, he was leading the academic section. It is perhaps the best tribute to his memory that it takes now three consultants and two academics to do the work that he was then doing all by himself! I was already interested in neuroendocrinology, and Channi was fascinated by the possibility that hormones might have a role in the mental health problems of the perinatal period. At that time, the notion that hormonal changes in pregnancy could have long-lasting effects on the offspring was still at its infancy, and I remember fondly the many discussions on this topic with Channi, sitting at his famous old desk. Channi was a pioneer in this field: he was the first to emphasize the dramatic impact of depression in pregnancy on the wellbeing of mothers and children. I am honoured to be able to continue this line of research today. The intergenerational transmission of stress has powerful clinical and social consequences, consolidating social adversity and psychopathology in future generations. The 2007 Policy Briefing by the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, ‘Preventing child maltreatment in Europe: a public health approach’ (WHO 2007), recognizes that ‘there is an association between maltreatment in childhood and the risk of later . . . becoming a perpetrator of violence or other antisocial behaviour as a teenager or adult’. The report also highlights that the costs are both overt (for example, medical care for victims, treatment of offenders, and legal costs for social care) and less obvious (for example, criminal justice and prosecution costs, specialist education, and mental health provision). In Europe, only the United Kingdom has calculated the total economic burden, estimated to be £735 million in 1996 (WHO 2007).
Heather Joshi, Kirstine Hansen, and Shirley Dex
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847424761
- eISBN:
- 9781447301790
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847424761.003.0016
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
This chapter picks out some themes that have emerged from the different aspects of the children's lives covered in the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). It draws together a few implications for the ...
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This chapter picks out some themes that have emerged from the different aspects of the children's lives covered in the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). It draws together a few implications for the future. It notes that the threads running through this volume and this study tell of diversity, mobility, and intergenerational transmission. It explains that the diversity of the points from which the MCS children have started out in life include inequality in their family origins, while variation and inequality are beginning to emerge in the development paths of the children themselves. It further explains that on mobility, the longitudinal data permits a view of the fluidity of the families' situation over the first five years in family composition, poverty, parental employment, location, and childcare. It notes that the study also provides an important building block to assess secular change in intergenerational social mobility, and detailed evidence on the various routes through which parents transmit well-being and also social advantage to their children.Less
This chapter picks out some themes that have emerged from the different aspects of the children's lives covered in the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). It draws together a few implications for the future. It notes that the threads running through this volume and this study tell of diversity, mobility, and intergenerational transmission. It explains that the diversity of the points from which the MCS children have started out in life include inequality in their family origins, while variation and inequality are beginning to emerge in the development paths of the children themselves. It further explains that on mobility, the longitudinal data permits a view of the fluidity of the families' situation over the first five years in family composition, poverty, parental employment, location, and childcare. It notes that the study also provides an important building block to assess secular change in intergenerational social mobility, and detailed evidence on the various routes through which parents transmit well-being and also social advantage to their children.
Michael J. Camasso and Radha Jagannathan
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- February 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780190672782
- eISBN:
- 9780190672812
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190672782.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
In this book, the authors focus their attention on the role that culture, that collection of values, beliefs, attitudes, and preferences responsible for creating national identities, has played and ...
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In this book, the authors focus their attention on the role that culture, that collection of values, beliefs, attitudes, and preferences responsible for creating national identities, has played and continues to play on individuals’ decisions when they are in or about to enter the labor market. At a time when millennials face many employment challenges and Generation Z can be expected to encounter even more, a clearer understanding of the ways cultural transmission could facilitate or hinder productive and rewarding work would appear to be both useful and well-timed. The book’s title—Caught in the Cultural Preference Net: Three Generations of Employment Choices in Six Capitalist Democracies—conveys the authors’ aim to determine if work-related beliefs, attitudes, and preferences have remained stable across generations or if they have become pliant under changing economic conditions. And while millennials serve as the anchoring point for much of our discussion, they do not neglect the significance that their parents from Generation X (b. 1965–1982) and their baby boomer parents (b. 1945–1964) may have had on their socialization into the world of work. The book is organized around three lines of inquiry: (a) Do some national cultures possess value orientations that are more successful than others in promoting economic opportunity? (b) Does the transmission of these value orientations demonstrate persistence irrespective of economic conditions or are they simply the result of these conditions? (c) If a nation’s beliefs and attitudes do indeed impact opportunity, do they do so by influencing an individual’s preferences and behavioral intentions? The authors’ principal method for isolating the employment effects of cultural transmission is what is referred to as a stated preference experiment. They replicate this experiment in six countries—Germany, Sweden, Spain, Italy, India, and the United States—countries that have historically adopted significantly different forms of capitalism. They not only find some strong evidence for cultural stability across countries but also observe an erosion in this stability among millennials.Less
In this book, the authors focus their attention on the role that culture, that collection of values, beliefs, attitudes, and preferences responsible for creating national identities, has played and continues to play on individuals’ decisions when they are in or about to enter the labor market. At a time when millennials face many employment challenges and Generation Z can be expected to encounter even more, a clearer understanding of the ways cultural transmission could facilitate or hinder productive and rewarding work would appear to be both useful and well-timed. The book’s title—Caught in the Cultural Preference Net: Three Generations of Employment Choices in Six Capitalist Democracies—conveys the authors’ aim to determine if work-related beliefs, attitudes, and preferences have remained stable across generations or if they have become pliant under changing economic conditions. And while millennials serve as the anchoring point for much of our discussion, they do not neglect the significance that their parents from Generation X (b. 1965–1982) and their baby boomer parents (b. 1945–1964) may have had on their socialization into the world of work. The book is organized around three lines of inquiry: (a) Do some national cultures possess value orientations that are more successful than others in promoting economic opportunity? (b) Does the transmission of these value orientations demonstrate persistence irrespective of economic conditions or are they simply the result of these conditions? (c) If a nation’s beliefs and attitudes do indeed impact opportunity, do they do so by influencing an individual’s preferences and behavioral intentions? The authors’ principal method for isolating the employment effects of cultural transmission is what is referred to as a stated preference experiment. They replicate this experiment in six countries—Germany, Sweden, Spain, Italy, India, and the United States—countries that have historically adopted significantly different forms of capitalism. They not only find some strong evidence for cultural stability across countries but also observe an erosion in this stability among millennials.
Ted Solis (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520238749
- eISBN:
- 9780520937178
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520238749.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This book deals with creating, teaching, and contextualizing academic world music performing ensembles. Considering the formidable theoretical, ethical, and practical issues that confront ...
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This book deals with creating, teaching, and contextualizing academic world music performing ensembles. Considering the formidable theoretical, ethical, and practical issues that confront ethnomusicologists who direct such ensembles, the sixteen chapters it contains discuss problems of public performance and the pragmatics of pedagogy and learning processes. Their perspectives, drawing upon expertise in Caribbean steelband, Indian, Balinese, Javanese, Philippine, Mexican, Central and West African, Japanese, Chinese, Middle Eastern, and Jewish klezmer ensembles, provide a uniquely informed and many-faceted view of this complicated and rapidly changing landscape. The chapters examine the creative and pedagogical negotiations involved in intergenerational and intercultural transmission and explore topics such as reflexivity, representation, hegemony, and aesthetically determined interaction. The book affords insights into the structuring of ethnomusicologists' careers and methodologies. It offers a history and contemporary examination of academic world music performance in the West, especially in the United States.Less
This book deals with creating, teaching, and contextualizing academic world music performing ensembles. Considering the formidable theoretical, ethical, and practical issues that confront ethnomusicologists who direct such ensembles, the sixteen chapters it contains discuss problems of public performance and the pragmatics of pedagogy and learning processes. Their perspectives, drawing upon expertise in Caribbean steelband, Indian, Balinese, Javanese, Philippine, Mexican, Central and West African, Japanese, Chinese, Middle Eastern, and Jewish klezmer ensembles, provide a uniquely informed and many-faceted view of this complicated and rapidly changing landscape. The chapters examine the creative and pedagogical negotiations involved in intergenerational and intercultural transmission and explore topics such as reflexivity, representation, hegemony, and aesthetically determined interaction. The book affords insights into the structuring of ethnomusicologists' careers and methodologies. It offers a history and contemporary examination of academic world music performance in the West, especially in the United States.
Martin Ljunge
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262035651
- eISBN:
- 9780262337915
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262035651.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, History of Economic Thought
This chapter presents evidence of how attitudes toward gender roles in the home and market are shaped by Hofstede’s six cultural dimensions. Children of immigrants in a broad set of European ...
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This chapter presents evidence of how attitudes toward gender roles in the home and market are shaped by Hofstede’s six cultural dimensions. Children of immigrants in a broad set of European countries with ancestry from across the world are studied. Individuals are examined within country of residence using variation in cultural dimensions across countries of ancestry. The approach focuses attention on how gender roles are shaped across generations within families. Both influences on the father’s and mother’s side are studied. Ancestry from more masculine cultures shape more traditional gender roles on both parents’ sides. On the father side more pragmatic cultures foster gender equality on the mother’s side power distance promote equality attitudes, although this influence differs markedly between daughters and sons. Pragmatism is in several circumstances the strongest influence on gender norms.Less
This chapter presents evidence of how attitudes toward gender roles in the home and market are shaped by Hofstede’s six cultural dimensions. Children of immigrants in a broad set of European countries with ancestry from across the world are studied. Individuals are examined within country of residence using variation in cultural dimensions across countries of ancestry. The approach focuses attention on how gender roles are shaped across generations within families. Both influences on the father’s and mother’s side are studied. Ancestry from more masculine cultures shape more traditional gender roles on both parents’ sides. On the father side more pragmatic cultures foster gender equality on the mother’s side power distance promote equality attitudes, although this influence differs markedly between daughters and sons. Pragmatism is in several circumstances the strongest influence on gender norms.
Katharina von Kellenbach
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199937455
- eISBN:
- 9780199345861
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199937455.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Guilt and its denial shaped intergenerational conversations in West Germany. Based on a letter written by a convict for his son's seventeenth birthday in 1966, this chapter analyzes the moral lessons ...
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Guilt and its denial shaped intergenerational conversations in West Germany. Based on a letter written by a convict for his son's seventeenth birthday in 1966, this chapter analyzes the moral lessons transmitted by perpetrators to their children. The father's denial of culpability undermined his parental integrity and moral authority. While he tried to impress his son with his sincerity, he carefully avoided any mention of his involvement in mass killings of Jews in Minsk/Belarus. Such strategies of evasion characterized intergenerational interactions in postwar Germany, where young people were forced to choose between complicity in the deceptive cover-ups of their elders or angry rejection and betrayal of filial loyalty. This moral dilemma shaped the coming of age of the German generation of 1968, who were deeply conflicted in their rebellion against the parents as morally corrupt and politically tainted by National SocialismLess
Guilt and its denial shaped intergenerational conversations in West Germany. Based on a letter written by a convict for his son's seventeenth birthday in 1966, this chapter analyzes the moral lessons transmitted by perpetrators to their children. The father's denial of culpability undermined his parental integrity and moral authority. While he tried to impress his son with his sincerity, he carefully avoided any mention of his involvement in mass killings of Jews in Minsk/Belarus. Such strategies of evasion characterized intergenerational interactions in postwar Germany, where young people were forced to choose between complicity in the deceptive cover-ups of their elders or angry rejection and betrayal of filial loyalty. This moral dilemma shaped the coming of age of the German generation of 1968, who were deeply conflicted in their rebellion against the parents as morally corrupt and politically tainted by National Socialism
Enrico Spolaore and Romain Wacziarg
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262035385
- eISBN:
- 9780262337717
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262035385.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, History of Economic Thought
This chapter explores the fundamental drivers of economic development and political institutions. It provides a novel empirical analysis of the determinants of institutional differences and the ...
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This chapter explores the fundamental drivers of economic development and political institutions. It provides a novel empirical analysis of the determinants of institutional differences and the diffusion of institutional innovations across societies. A critical discussion of the recent literature is presented, documenting how economic and political outcomes are affected by traits that have deep historical and geographic roots and that are passed on from generation to generation. The hypothesis is presented that intergenerationally transmitted traits affect current outcomes by acting as barriers to the diffusion of technological and institutional innovations: a longer historical separation time between populations creates greater barriers. Hence, the degree of ancestral distance between a given society and the society at the frontier of institutional and technological development should be associated with higher barriers and lower adoption. This hypothesis is tested empirically with cross-country data. Empirical findings provide substantial support for the proposition that long-term historical distance from the frontier affects both current institutions and development.Less
This chapter explores the fundamental drivers of economic development and political institutions. It provides a novel empirical analysis of the determinants of institutional differences and the diffusion of institutional innovations across societies. A critical discussion of the recent literature is presented, documenting how economic and political outcomes are affected by traits that have deep historical and geographic roots and that are passed on from generation to generation. The hypothesis is presented that intergenerationally transmitted traits affect current outcomes by acting as barriers to the diffusion of technological and institutional innovations: a longer historical separation time between populations creates greater barriers. Hence, the degree of ancestral distance between a given society and the society at the frontier of institutional and technological development should be associated with higher barriers and lower adoption. This hypothesis is tested empirically with cross-country data. Empirical findings provide substantial support for the proposition that long-term historical distance from the frontier affects both current institutions and development.