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Interdependent European Governance

Beate Kohler‐Koch

in Linking EU and National Governance

The introductory chapter 2 takes up the concept of sensitivity and vulnerability in international interdependence to analyse the complex relationship between EU and national governance and to look at ... More

The introductory chapter 2 takes up the concept of sensitivity and vulnerability in international interdependence to analyse the complex relationship between EU and national governance and to look at the normative implications in terms of efficient and democratic governance in the European system. The achieved high level of interconnectedness between political and societal actors at the European, the national and sub-national levels results in a loss of political control by individual member states, provokes a substantive derogation of national parliamentary democracy, and causes severe irritations as regards the established balance between the economic and political spheres. However, the plurality of state and society actors are sensitive and vulnerable to different degrees and in various ways depending on structural compatibilities, power differentials, and policy styles, which shape conflict management and problem-solving strategies. Their responses to demands for adaptation produce differentiated outcomes and, therefore, contribute to the fragmented and heterogeneous structure of the EU. At the same time, a penetrated system of governance evolves that is extraordinary flexible and generates a multiplicity of ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ mechanisms for linking EU and national governance, which smooth the management of multi-level interdependence and assist to overcome democratic derogation.Less

Is Everything Connected to Everything Else? What the Gopīs Know

Mark Siderits

in Moonshadows: Conventional Truth in Buddhist Philosophy

From the Madhyamaka claim that nothing has intrinsic nature it follows that nothing could be ultimately real. It is sometimes said to be a further consequence of emptiness that conventionally real ... More

From the Madhyamaka claim that nothing has intrinsic nature it follows that nothing could be ultimately real. It is sometimes said to be a further consequence of emptiness that conventionally real entities exist in thoroughgoing interconnection. This seems to be consistent with the Prāsaṅgika claim that intrinsic natures are problematic even if they are posited only at the level of the conventional reals. It likewise seems to cohere with the stance that Candrakīrti takes on the conventionally valid epistemic instruments. Here it is argued, however, that this sort of package would leave the Mādhyamika unable to account for the kind of epistemic progress that comes with the use of scientific methods. An alternative Madhyamaka stance is sketched that might avoid the problem of flattening conventional truth. According to this way of understanding emptiness, the Mādhyamika does not hold it to be conventionally true that everything is connected to everything else.Less

Selecting Friends of the Way

in Murmured Conversations: A Treatise on Poetry and Buddhism by the Poet-Monk Shinkei

This chapter is about the recognition and support that kindred spirits render each other and argues that what friends have in common is expressed as a deep feeling (nasake fukashi). The term nasake ... More

This chapter is about the recognition and support that kindred spirits render each other and argues that what friends have in common is expressed as a deep feeling (nasake fukashi). The term nasake fukashi as used by Shinkei in his other writings implies a sense of the moving quality of things (mono no aware) in both their emptiness and interconnectedness, as well as a feeling of compassion directed toward both phenomena and persons. Shinkei cites the legendary case of Prince Shōtoku and Bodhidharma as evidence that people of kindred spirit intuitively recognize one another and transmit each other's words and works, whether it be in the realm of religion or poetry. The fateful encounter between the foreign Zen patriarch and the Japanese prince included a poem exchange.Less

Intimate Landscapes and Ideal Households: Nineteenth-Century Proslavery Reforms on a South Carolina Plantation

Kevin R. Fogle

in Beyond the Walls: New Perspectives on the Archaeology of Historical Households

The term intimate landscape is used by photographers to refer to images that capture small portions of broad scenic landscapes while illustrating their interconnectedness. The intimate landscape ... More

The term intimate landscape is used by photographers to refer to images that capture small portions of broad scenic landscapes while illustrating their interconnectedness. The intimate landscape framework informs a novel archaeological approach for examining discrete landscapes in and around dwelling sites. These household landscapes are dynamic spaces connected to diverse discourses on the individual, local, regional, and global scales. In chapter 6, Fogle studies the impact of a nineteenth-century, proslavery agricultural reform discourse on enslaved households and their associated landscapes at a South Carolina cotton plantation.Less

Afterword

Jonathan Wild

in Literature of the 1900s: The Great Edwardian Emporium

This concluding chapter first turns to Virginia Woolf's famous remark that ‘on or about December 1910 human character changed’. It examines the problems inherent in taking too seriously Virginia ... More

This concluding chapter first turns to Virginia Woolf's famous remark that ‘on or about December 1910 human character changed’. It examines the problems inherent in taking too seriously Virginia Woolf's tongue-in-cheek claim for December 1910 as a starting point for artistic development in Britain in the twentieth century. The lasting influence of these inflexible interpretations of Woolf's thesis has hampered our understanding of what lies on the other side of this putative watershed. The chapter then re-examines the designation of this period's literature as ‘Edwardian’, and lays out the potentially problematic and misleading nature of this label before conceding that, despite the label's shortcomings, the term ‘Edwardian’ still has its uses.Less

Responsive Critical Infrastructure Lifelines

Jon Coaffee

in Futureproof: How to Build Resilience in an Uncertain World

This chapter discusses responsive critical infrastructure lifelines. Here, the complex interconnectedness of infrastructures, governance, economic growth, and social need gives rise to risk. In ... More

This chapter discusses responsive critical infrastructure lifelines. Here, the complex interconnectedness of infrastructures, governance, economic growth, and social need gives rise to risk. In response, the drive for resilient infrastructure requiring redundancy, diversity of approach, and more than just a ‘Plan A’, underpins the maintenance of services that are essential for everyday life. It is here that resilience ideas have gained prominence as one method of securing critical infrastructure lifelines from the likely, but uncertain, impact of multiple vulnerabilities. Resilience is the way in which the promoting of adaptive capacities is currently sold to the providers of potentially vulnerable critical services. Such vulnerability increasingly characterises the volatility of the contemporary world and must be mitigated and adaptively managed if catastrophic social and environmental effects are to be avoided. Most recently, within the realm of cyber-security, resilience-thinking has further achieved a high degree of prominence due to open and interconnected technology environments that are embedded in the control centres of critical lifeline services.Less

Conclusion: Foreign Policy, Globalization, and the Arab Dilemma of Change

Bahgat Korany and Ali E. Hillal Dessouki

in The Foreign Policies of Arab States: The Challenge of Globalization

The four general chapters and the nine case studies in this book offer a wealth of information. This information deals not only with relatively under-researched foreign policies of some countries but ... More

The four general chapters and the nine case studies in this book offer a wealth of information. This information deals not only with relatively under-researched foreign policies of some countries but also with under-researched aspects like the making of foreign policy. At the heart of the analysis n is the question of how Arab countries cope with the accelerated and multidimensional change characteristic of increasing global interconnectedness. This interconnectedness is no longer primarily interstate but intersocietal, ranging from the flow of tourists and international capital. While many aspects of change have made huge inroads, such as the number of internet users, satellite information, the privatization of the economy, liberalization, and the rise of civil society organizations as well as political parties, rigid belief systems concerning modes of political governance continue to prevail. As a result, the foreign policies of many Arab states have so far failed to restructure in response to new internal and external contexts.Less

Introduction

Simon Lewis

in British and African Literature in Transnational Context

This book analyzes the deeper relationships between colonizer and colonized on the basis of the texts by authors from African and British backgrounds across a wide variety of political orientations. ... More

This book analyzes the deeper relationships between colonizer and colonized on the basis of the texts by authors from African and British backgrounds across a wide variety of political orientations. It brings issues of race, gender, class, and sexuality into the analysis, providing new ways for cultural scholars to think about how empire and colony have impacted one another from the late eighteenth century through the decades following World War II. In these comparisons, the text focuses on commonalities rather than differences. This book looks at the impact of British African colonies over the British culture and vice versa.Less

Globalization and Education: Can the World Meet the Challenge?

Bernard Hugonnier

in Learning in the Global Era: International Perspectives on Globalization and Education

This chapter calls for significant improvements in education and training, and analyses the current state of education worldwide. It explores where the global economy is headed and what nations and ... More

This chapter calls for significant improvements in education and training, and analyses the current state of education worldwide. It explores where the global economy is headed and what nations and international stakeholders must do to compel sluggish school systems to match the pace of global economic, technological, and cultural change. The chapter argues that the process of globalization, characterized in part by the increasing replacement of physical labour by knowledge-based skills, has direct consequences for education. It provides data on a variety of indicators such as lagging student performance in certain domains and the disastrous effects of persistent inequality in schooling. The chapter examines a number of OECD studies, including ones on countries leading the way in training citizens for ‘lifelong learning’. It describes five major challenges of globalization for education: the need for higher-level skill development and opportunities for continuous learning; the demands of increased cultural interconnectedness; increasing social and income disparities; the responsibilities of global citizenship; and the impact of education in developing countries.Less

How Our Many Worlds Are Entwined

Jeffrey T. Kiehl

in Facing Climate Change: An Integrated Path to the Future

A description of how coherence arises from dynamic interactions within physical and social systems. An argument is made that we need to recognize our empathic interconnectedness to the world to deal ... More

A description of how coherence arises from dynamic interactions within physical and social systems. An argument is made that we need to recognize our empathic interconnectedness to the world to deal with the climate change issue.Less

Language, style and stylistics

Martin Solly

in The Stylistics of Professional Discourse

The chapter provides an overview of the theoretical background to stylistics and of the main language theories pertinent to the volume, reappraising the usefulness of a stylistic approach to ... More

The chapter provides an overview of the theoretical background to stylistics and of the main language theories pertinent to the volume, reappraising the usefulness of a stylistic approach to non-literary discourse. It is divided into two main parts: the first looks at style and stylistics, showing how they are intrinsically related and how stylistics is a fast developing and growing area of study in linguistics; the second briefly introduces a number of related theoretical concepts, such as the construction and communication of discursive identity, multimodality, narrative analysis, corpus linguistics, genre analysis, critical discourse analysis, speech acts and pragmatics. These conceptual approaches to the study of language are often used to analyse texts as if they were not interconnected, thus enabling the scholar to turn a specific lens on a particular text, or group of texts. However, this isolating of only certain aspects of texts, while practical, often conceals the relevance of other approaches and their interconnectedness. Indeed, a stylistics-oriented interdisciplinary approach provides a holistic framework for the study of language use and language choice and the way texts are woven; in many ways it forms an excellent interface for bringing together overlapping theoretical approaches.Less

Enmeshed

Lisa Jean Moore

in Catch and Release: The Enduring Yet Vulnerable Horseshoe Crab

The concept of the mesh is introduced to describe the analysis of horseshoe crabs, their environment, and the humans with whom they interact (both directly and indirectly). This network of entangled ... More

The concept of the mesh is introduced to describe the analysis of horseshoe crabs, their environment, and the humans with whom they interact (both directly and indirectly). This network of entangled species and objects changes as time progresses, both as a result of human involvement but also without human involvement. Humans are no more essential than horseshoe crabs—but the focus does seem to be on the human impact on horseshoe crabs’ reproduction and survival in the context of global warming and rising sea levels. And humans, and their highways, are prioritized over the crabs. Here I call into question our tendency to take this for granted, and I encourage humans to be more mindful about our interconnectedness and the repercussions of our actions over the enmeshed web of species and environment. Less

Introduction: Cultivating Feminist Accountability

Ann Russo

in Feminist Accountability: Disrupting Violence and Transforming Power

This chapter introduces the concept of cultivating accountability as a praxis that brings conscious awareness to how much our work as antiviolence scholars, advocates, organizers, and activists has ... More

This chapter introduces the concept of cultivating accountability as a praxis that brings conscious awareness to how much our work as antiviolence scholars, advocates, organizers, and activists has been impacted by and implicated within hierarchical and intersectional relations of power footed in historical and interlocking systems of power. Drawing on the work of feminists of color, transnational feminists, and antiracist feminists, the chapter builds on the idea of intersectionality as a bridge to accountability and solidarity grounded in mutuality and interconnectedness.Less

Contagion

Xavier Freixas, Luc Laeven, and José-Luis Peydró

in "Systemic Risk, Crises, and Macroprudential Regulation"

This chapter gives an overview of the literature on financial contagion, with special emphasis on interconnectedness and liquidity risk. Not only direct contagion is analyzed, but also the so-called ... More

This chapter gives an overview of the literature on financial contagion, with special emphasis on interconnectedness and liquidity risk. Not only direct contagion is analyzed, but also the so-called second round effects and liquidity dry-ups and hoarding. While the emphasis is on contagion across banks, contagion in other parts of the financial system (such as insurance, hedge funds, money market mutual funds, and over the counter markets for credit default swap contracts) as well as contagion between financial intermediaries and markets is also reviewed. Moreover, negative liquidity spirals with market and funding liquidity risks, cash in the market asset pricing and fire sales are discussed. Finally, the effects of recent trends in financial globalization on cross-border financial contagion are also summarized.Less

Stubborn Materiality: African American Religious Naturalism and Becoming Our Humanity

Carol Wayne White

in Entangled Worlds: Religion, Science, and New Materialisms

This chapter describes the emergence of an African-American religious naturalism that has affinities with theoretical developments offering new materialist views of the human. It proposes a ... More

This chapter describes the emergence of an African-American religious naturalism that has affinities with theoretical developments offering new materialist views of the human. It proposes a humanistic discourse that resists both problematic forms of anthropocentricism implicit in modern humanism and questionable racial differentials reinforced by Enlightenment ideals. The chapter introduces scientific theories advanced by the tenets of religious naturalism that help to envision humanity as a specific life form, or as nature made aware of itself. With the concept of sacred humanity, it explores humans as sacred centers of value and distinct movements of nature itself where deep relationality and interconnectedness become key metaphors for understanding what constitutes our processes of becoming human. This naturalistic view of humanity is set within the context of African-American culture and history to underscore the conceptual richness of the liberationist motif within black religiosity and to celebrate its enduring legacy.Less

Corporations as political actors: new perspectives for health policy research

Ben Hawkins and Anne Roemer-mahler

in Social Policy Review 25: Analysis and debate in social policy, 2013

In this chapter, Ben Hawkins and Anne Roemer-Mahler argue that it is important not only to consider the impact of business activities on health, but also to foster a deeper and more considered ... More

In this chapter, Ben Hawkins and Anne Roemer-Mahler argue that it is important not only to consider the impact of business activities on health, but also to foster a deeper and more considered approach to the question of how business interests influence the shape of public health policies and strategies. They argue that the concept of interconnectedness can advance insights into corporate political power and corporate political strategy by utilising literature drawn from political science and management studies. They illustrate that, for their chosen case studies – the alcohol and pharmaceutical industries – four dimensions of interconnectedness are of particular relevance: interconnectedness between markets, industries, levels of governance and branches of government.Less

A Cosmopolitanism of Connections

Craig Calhoun

in Cosmopolitanisms

Cosmopolitanism as a privileged style of consumerism is not only inaccessible to most—an old complaint that, as we see here, haunts new cosmopolitanisms—but, as Craig Calhoun explains, it is also ... More

Cosmopolitanism as a privileged style of consumerism is not only inaccessible to most—an old complaint that, as we see here, haunts new cosmopolitanisms—but, as Craig Calhoun explains, it is also incapable of engaging with the ethical and political issues that the new global interconnectedness brings in its wake. And cosmopolitanism as a universalistic ethics which asserts our basic moral obligation to other humans can confront differences only as problems. Calhoun asks, shouldn’t differences be seen as opportunities? For him, cosmopolitanisms are plural and particular, “communities of fate” bound together by particular sets of historically grounded relationships and institutions. The key to a robust cosmopolitanism, Calhoun contends, is attention to the specificity of social and historical connectedness.Less

The Evolution of Innovation-Enhancing Institutions

Joseph Henrich

in Innovation in Cultural Systems: Contributions from Evolutionary Anthropology

This chapter uses an integrated approach to decision making and cultural evolution to analyze the development of population-level differences in innovativeness. It outlines research showing how ... More

This chapter uses an integrated approach to decision making and cultural evolution to analyze the development of population-level differences in innovativeness. It outlines research showing how evolutionary theory can direct and inform the understanding of decision making, social learning, and cultural evolution. It also explores how a population's size and its degree of cultural interconnectedness can affect rates of both innovation and invention. This chapter shows that individual inventiveness likely plays a smaller role than cultural interconnectedness in innovation. It suggests that the cultural evolution of behavioral norms that increased groups' cultural interconnectedness may have ignited causes an autocatalytic culture-gene coevolutionary interaction.Less