Beate Kohler-Koch (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199252268
- eISBN:
- 9780191601040
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199252262.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
European governance ranks high on the present research agenda on the EU and Europeanization and has attracted considerable attention in public and academic debate over the past decade. This book – a ...
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European governance ranks high on the present research agenda on the EU and Europeanization and has attracted considerable attention in public and academic debate over the past decade. This book – a well-chosen selection from recent studies of leading scholars in the field – takes a special approach to the subject as it highlights the multi-faceted interconnectedness of EU and national governance. It reveals the extent to which the EU has been transformed from a multi-level polity to a system of penetrated governance embracing a ‘communicative universe’ and a European public space. The individual chapters are colourful representations of the different facets of European governance, which come to light when policy formulation and implementation in the EU is understood as network governance linking both different levels of policy-making and a wide variety of state and society actors. On the one hand, the EU and, especially, the Commission refer to an extensive repertoire of ’hard‘ and ’soft‘ procedures and instruments to link a multitude of actors and arenas and, thereby, trigger off substantial change in the member states. On the other hand, national, subnational and societal actors show differentiated modes of response and adaptation to manage the new challenges within the expanding EU system, to cope with common problems and to shape problem-solving strategies according to their own ideas. As the contributions focus on the diverse mechanisms which link EU and national governance they demonstrate the many constraints state and society actors are facing within the Union but also the readiness and capacity of these actors to deal with demands for adjustment and institutional reforms. They also reveal that compliance is a reaction to hierarchical coercion as well as to horizontal enforcement. Eventually, apart from this more functional view, the penetrated system of European goverance is looked at from a normative perspective, thus, investigating both the prospect of improving multi-level representative democracy and the formation of a European public sphere.Less
European governance ranks high on the present research agenda on the EU and Europeanization and has attracted considerable attention in public and academic debate over the past decade. This book – a well-chosen selection from recent studies of leading scholars in the field – takes a special approach to the subject as it highlights the multi-faceted interconnectedness of EU and national governance. It reveals the extent to which the EU has been transformed from a multi-level polity to a system of penetrated governance embracing a ‘communicative universe’ and a European public space. The individual chapters are colourful representations of the different facets of European governance, which come to light when policy formulation and implementation in the EU is understood as network governance linking both different levels of policy-making and a wide variety of state and society actors. On the one hand, the EU and, especially, the Commission refer to an extensive repertoire of ’hard‘ and ’soft‘ procedures and instruments to link a multitude of actors and arenas and, thereby, trigger off substantial change in the member states. On the other hand, national, subnational and societal actors show differentiated modes of response and adaptation to manage the new challenges within the expanding EU system, to cope with common problems and to shape problem-solving strategies according to their own ideas. As the contributions focus on the diverse mechanisms which link EU and national governance they demonstrate the many constraints state and society actors are facing within the Union but also the readiness and capacity of these actors to deal with demands for adjustment and institutional reforms. They also reveal that compliance is a reaction to hierarchical coercion as well as to horizontal enforcement. Eventually, apart from this more functional view, the penetrated system of European goverance is looked at from a normative perspective, thus, investigating both the prospect of improving multi-level representative democracy and the formation of a European public sphere.
Beate Kohler‐Koch
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199252268
- eISBN:
- 9780191601040
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199252262.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
The introductory chapter 2 takes up the concept of sensitivity and vulnerability in international interdependence to analyse the complex relationship between EU and national governance and to look at ...
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The introductory chapter 2 takes up the concept of sensitivity and vulnerability in international interdependence to analyse the complex relationship between EU and national governance and to look at the normative implications in terms of efficient and democratic governance in the European system. The achieved high level of interconnectedness between political and societal actors at the European, the national and sub-national levels results in a loss of political control by individual member states, provokes a substantive derogation of national parliamentary democracy, and causes severe irritations as regards the established balance between the economic and political spheres. However, the plurality of state and society actors are sensitive and vulnerable to different degrees and in various ways depending on structural compatibilities, power differentials, and policy styles, which shape conflict management and problem-solving strategies. Their responses to demands for adaptation produce differentiated outcomes and, therefore, contribute to the fragmented and heterogeneous structure of the EU. At the same time, a penetrated system of governance evolves that is extraordinary flexible and generates a multiplicity of ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ mechanisms for linking EU and national governance, which smooth the management of multi-level interdependence and assist to overcome democratic derogation.Less
The introductory chapter 2 takes up the concept of sensitivity and vulnerability in international interdependence to analyse the complex relationship between EU and national governance and to look at the normative implications in terms of efficient and democratic governance in the European system. The achieved high level of interconnectedness between political and societal actors at the European, the national and sub-national levels results in a loss of political control by individual member states, provokes a substantive derogation of national parliamentary democracy, and causes severe irritations as regards the established balance between the economic and political spheres. However, the plurality of state and society actors are sensitive and vulnerable to different degrees and in various ways depending on structural compatibilities, power differentials, and policy styles, which shape conflict management and problem-solving strategies. Their responses to demands for adaptation produce differentiated outcomes and, therefore, contribute to the fragmented and heterogeneous structure of the EU. At the same time, a penetrated system of governance evolves that is extraordinary flexible and generates a multiplicity of ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ mechanisms for linking EU and national governance, which smooth the management of multi-level interdependence and assist to overcome democratic derogation.
Mark Siderits
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199751426
- eISBN:
- 9780199827190
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751426.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
From the Madhyamaka claim that nothing has intrinsic nature it follows that nothing could be ultimately real. It is sometimes said to be a further consequence of emptiness that conventionally real ...
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From the Madhyamaka claim that nothing has intrinsic nature it follows that nothing could be ultimately real. It is sometimes said to be a further consequence of emptiness that conventionally real entities exist in thoroughgoing interconnection. This seems to be consistent with the Prāsaṅgika claim that intrinsic natures are problematic even if they are posited only at the level of the conventional reals. It likewise seems to cohere with the stance that Candrakīrti takes on the conventionally valid epistemic instruments. Here it is argued, however, that this sort of package would leave the Mādhyamika unable to account for the kind of epistemic progress that comes with the use of scientific methods. An alternative Madhyamaka stance is sketched that might avoid the problem of flattening conventional truth. According to this way of understanding emptiness, the Mādhyamika does not hold it to be conventionally true that everything is connected to everything else.Less
From the Madhyamaka claim that nothing has intrinsic nature it follows that nothing could be ultimately real. It is sometimes said to be a further consequence of emptiness that conventionally real entities exist in thoroughgoing interconnection. This seems to be consistent with the Prāsaṅgika claim that intrinsic natures are problematic even if they are posited only at the level of the conventional reals. It likewise seems to cohere with the stance that Candrakīrti takes on the conventionally valid epistemic instruments. Here it is argued, however, that this sort of package would leave the Mādhyamika unable to account for the kind of epistemic progress that comes with the use of scientific methods. An alternative Madhyamaka stance is sketched that might avoid the problem of flattening conventional truth. According to this way of understanding emptiness, the Mādhyamika does not hold it to be conventionally true that everything is connected to everything else.
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804748636
- eISBN:
- 9780804779395
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804748636.003.0049
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
This chapter is about the recognition and support that kindred spirits render each other and argues that what friends have in common is expressed as a deep feeling (nasake fukashi). The term nasake ...
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This chapter is about the recognition and support that kindred spirits render each other and argues that what friends have in common is expressed as a deep feeling (nasake fukashi). The term nasake fukashi as used by Shinkei in his other writings implies a sense of the moving quality of things (mono no aware) in both their emptiness and interconnectedness, as well as a feeling of compassion directed toward both phenomena and persons. Shinkei cites the legendary case of Prince Shōtoku and Bodhidharma as evidence that people of kindred spirit intuitively recognize one another and transmit each other's words and works, whether it be in the realm of religion or poetry. The fateful encounter between the foreign Zen patriarch and the Japanese prince included a poem exchange.Less
This chapter is about the recognition and support that kindred spirits render each other and argues that what friends have in common is expressed as a deep feeling (nasake fukashi). The term nasake fukashi as used by Shinkei in his other writings implies a sense of the moving quality of things (mono no aware) in both their emptiness and interconnectedness, as well as a feeling of compassion directed toward both phenomena and persons. Shinkei cites the legendary case of Prince Shōtoku and Bodhidharma as evidence that people of kindred spirit intuitively recognize one another and transmit each other's words and works, whether it be in the realm of religion or poetry. The fateful encounter between the foreign Zen patriarch and the Japanese prince included a poem exchange.
Kevin R. Fogle
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813061559
- eISBN:
- 9780813051468
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813061559.003.0006
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
The term intimate landscape is used by photographers to refer to images that capture small portions of broad scenic landscapes while illustrating their interconnectedness. The intimate landscape ...
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The term intimate landscape is used by photographers to refer to images that capture small portions of broad scenic landscapes while illustrating their interconnectedness. The intimate landscape framework informs a novel archaeological approach for examining discrete landscapes in and around dwelling sites. These household landscapes are dynamic spaces connected to diverse discourses on the individual, local, regional, and global scales. In chapter 6, Fogle studies the impact of a nineteenth-century, proslavery agricultural reform discourse on enslaved households and their associated landscapes at a South Carolina cotton plantation.Less
The term intimate landscape is used by photographers to refer to images that capture small portions of broad scenic landscapes while illustrating their interconnectedness. The intimate landscape framework informs a novel archaeological approach for examining discrete landscapes in and around dwelling sites. These household landscapes are dynamic spaces connected to diverse discourses on the individual, local, regional, and global scales. In chapter 6, Fogle studies the impact of a nineteenth-century, proslavery agricultural reform discourse on enslaved households and their associated landscapes at a South Carolina cotton plantation.
Jonathan Wild
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780748635061
- eISBN:
- 9781474419536
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748635061.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
This concluding chapter first turns to Virginia Woolf's famous remark that ‘on or about December 1910 human character changed’. It examines the problems inherent in taking too seriously Virginia ...
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This concluding chapter first turns to Virginia Woolf's famous remark that ‘on or about December 1910 human character changed’. It examines the problems inherent in taking too seriously Virginia Woolf's tongue-in-cheek claim for December 1910 as a starting point for artistic development in Britain in the twentieth century. The lasting influence of these inflexible interpretations of Woolf's thesis has hampered our understanding of what lies on the other side of this putative watershed. The chapter then re-examines the designation of this period's literature as ‘Edwardian’, and lays out the potentially problematic and misleading nature of this label before conceding that, despite the label's shortcomings, the term ‘Edwardian’ still has its uses.Less
This concluding chapter first turns to Virginia Woolf's famous remark that ‘on or about December 1910 human character changed’. It examines the problems inherent in taking too seriously Virginia Woolf's tongue-in-cheek claim for December 1910 as a starting point for artistic development in Britain in the twentieth century. The lasting influence of these inflexible interpretations of Woolf's thesis has hampered our understanding of what lies on the other side of this putative watershed. The chapter then re-examines the designation of this period's literature as ‘Edwardian’, and lays out the potentially problematic and misleading nature of this label before conceding that, despite the label's shortcomings, the term ‘Edwardian’ still has its uses.
Jon Coaffee
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780300228670
- eISBN:
- 9780300244953
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300228670.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This chapter discusses responsive critical infrastructure lifelines. Here, the complex interconnectedness of infrastructures, governance, economic growth, and social need gives rise to risk. In ...
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This chapter discusses responsive critical infrastructure lifelines. Here, the complex interconnectedness of infrastructures, governance, economic growth, and social need gives rise to risk. In response, the drive for resilient infrastructure requiring redundancy, diversity of approach, and more than just a ‘Plan A’, underpins the maintenance of services that are essential for everyday life. It is here that resilience ideas have gained prominence as one method of securing critical infrastructure lifelines from the likely, but uncertain, impact of multiple vulnerabilities. Resilience is the way in which the promoting of adaptive capacities is currently sold to the providers of potentially vulnerable critical services. Such vulnerability increasingly characterises the volatility of the contemporary world and must be mitigated and adaptively managed if catastrophic social and environmental effects are to be avoided. Most recently, within the realm of cyber-security, resilience-thinking has further achieved a high degree of prominence due to open and interconnected technology environments that are embedded in the control centres of critical lifeline services.Less
This chapter discusses responsive critical infrastructure lifelines. Here, the complex interconnectedness of infrastructures, governance, economic growth, and social need gives rise to risk. In response, the drive for resilient infrastructure requiring redundancy, diversity of approach, and more than just a ‘Plan A’, underpins the maintenance of services that are essential for everyday life. It is here that resilience ideas have gained prominence as one method of securing critical infrastructure lifelines from the likely, but uncertain, impact of multiple vulnerabilities. Resilience is the way in which the promoting of adaptive capacities is currently sold to the providers of potentially vulnerable critical services. Such vulnerability increasingly characterises the volatility of the contemporary world and must be mitigated and adaptively managed if catastrophic social and environmental effects are to be avoided. Most recently, within the realm of cyber-security, resilience-thinking has further achieved a high degree of prominence due to open and interconnected technology environments that are embedded in the control centres of critical lifeline services.
Alonzo L. Plough (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- December 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190080495
- eISBN:
- 9780190080525
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190080495.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
The world is currently in the midst of unprecedented challenges—from the impacts of climate change and the humanitarian crisis of forced migration, to the rise of nationalism and epidemic growth of ...
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The world is currently in the midst of unprecedented challenges—from the impacts of climate change and the humanitarian crisis of forced migration, to the rise of nationalism and epidemic growth of deaths of despair. These challenges require new approaches catalyzing communities, cities, and countries around the globe to embrace a well-being agenda to assess progress and guide solutions. Thus, this book provides ideas and guidance on advancing well-being locally, nationally, and internationally. It illuminates how diverse communities and cultures can work together to strengthen these efforts. Ultimately, the well-being framework offers an equity focus; a more human centered view of how things are going; holistic approaches; and interconnectedness. The goal here is to advance global dialogue and action on the well-being construct, and to inform the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s (RWJF) work with others to create a Culture of Health in the United States.Less
The world is currently in the midst of unprecedented challenges—from the impacts of climate change and the humanitarian crisis of forced migration, to the rise of nationalism and epidemic growth of deaths of despair. These challenges require new approaches catalyzing communities, cities, and countries around the globe to embrace a well-being agenda to assess progress and guide solutions. Thus, this book provides ideas and guidance on advancing well-being locally, nationally, and internationally. It illuminates how diverse communities and cultures can work together to strengthen these efforts. Ultimately, the well-being framework offers an equity focus; a more human centered view of how things are going; holistic approaches; and interconnectedness. The goal here is to advance global dialogue and action on the well-being construct, and to inform the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s (RWJF) work with others to create a Culture of Health in the United States.
Bahgat Korany and Ali E. Hillal Dessouki
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789774163609
- eISBN:
- 9781617970375
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774163609.003.0015
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The four general chapters and the nine case studies in this book offer a wealth of information. This information deals not only with relatively under-researched foreign policies of some countries but ...
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The four general chapters and the nine case studies in this book offer a wealth of information. This information deals not only with relatively under-researched foreign policies of some countries but also with under-researched aspects like the making of foreign policy. At the heart of the analysis n is the question of how Arab countries cope with the accelerated and multidimensional change characteristic of increasing global interconnectedness. This interconnectedness is no longer primarily interstate but intersocietal, ranging from the flow of tourists and international capital. While many aspects of change have made huge inroads, such as the number of internet users, satellite information, the privatization of the economy, liberalization, and the rise of civil society organizations as well as political parties, rigid belief systems concerning modes of political governance continue to prevail. As a result, the foreign policies of many Arab states have so far failed to restructure in response to new internal and external contexts.Less
The four general chapters and the nine case studies in this book offer a wealth of information. This information deals not only with relatively under-researched foreign policies of some countries but also with under-researched aspects like the making of foreign policy. At the heart of the analysis n is the question of how Arab countries cope with the accelerated and multidimensional change characteristic of increasing global interconnectedness. This interconnectedness is no longer primarily interstate but intersocietal, ranging from the flow of tourists and international capital. While many aspects of change have made huge inroads, such as the number of internet users, satellite information, the privatization of the economy, liberalization, and the rise of civil society organizations as well as political parties, rigid belief systems concerning modes of political governance continue to prevail. As a result, the foreign policies of many Arab states have so far failed to restructure in response to new internal and external contexts.
Simon Lewis
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813036021
- eISBN:
- 9780813038636
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813036021.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
This book analyzes the deeper relationships between colonizer and colonized on the basis of the texts by authors from African and British backgrounds across a wide variety of political orientations. ...
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This book analyzes the deeper relationships between colonizer and colonized on the basis of the texts by authors from African and British backgrounds across a wide variety of political orientations. It brings issues of race, gender, class, and sexuality into the analysis, providing new ways for cultural scholars to think about how empire and colony have impacted one another from the late eighteenth century through the decades following World War II. In these comparisons, the text focuses on commonalities rather than differences. This book looks at the impact of British African colonies over the British culture and vice versa.Less
This book analyzes the deeper relationships between colonizer and colonized on the basis of the texts by authors from African and British backgrounds across a wide variety of political orientations. It brings issues of race, gender, class, and sexuality into the analysis, providing new ways for cultural scholars to think about how empire and colony have impacted one another from the late eighteenth century through the decades following World War II. In these comparisons, the text focuses on commonalities rather than differences. This book looks at the impact of British African colonies over the British culture and vice versa.
Bernard Hugonnier
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520254343
- eISBN:
- 9780520941496
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520254343.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work
This chapter calls for significant improvements in education and training, and analyses the current state of education worldwide. It explores where the global economy is headed and what nations and ...
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This chapter calls for significant improvements in education and training, and analyses the current state of education worldwide. It explores where the global economy is headed and what nations and international stakeholders must do to compel sluggish school systems to match the pace of global economic, technological, and cultural change. The chapter argues that the process of globalization, characterized in part by the increasing replacement of physical labour by knowledge-based skills, has direct consequences for education. It provides data on a variety of indicators such as lagging student performance in certain domains and the disastrous effects of persistent inequality in schooling. The chapter examines a number of OECD studies, including ones on countries leading the way in training citizens for ‘lifelong learning’. It describes five major challenges of globalization for education: the need for higher-level skill development and opportunities for continuous learning; the demands of increased cultural interconnectedness; increasing social and income disparities; the responsibilities of global citizenship; and the impact of education in developing countries.Less
This chapter calls for significant improvements in education and training, and analyses the current state of education worldwide. It explores where the global economy is headed and what nations and international stakeholders must do to compel sluggish school systems to match the pace of global economic, technological, and cultural change. The chapter argues that the process of globalization, characterized in part by the increasing replacement of physical labour by knowledge-based skills, has direct consequences for education. It provides data on a variety of indicators such as lagging student performance in certain domains and the disastrous effects of persistent inequality in schooling. The chapter examines a number of OECD studies, including ones on countries leading the way in training citizens for ‘lifelong learning’. It describes five major challenges of globalization for education: the need for higher-level skill development and opportunities for continuous learning; the demands of increased cultural interconnectedness; increasing social and income disparities; the responsibilities of global citizenship; and the impact of education in developing countries.
Patrizia Romito
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861349613
- eISBN:
- 9781447301370
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861349613.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
This book is born of a contradiction: on the one hand, there has been a genuine advance in the awareness of violence against women and children and actions to oppose it. On the other, the violence ...
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This book is born of a contradiction: on the one hand, there has been a genuine advance in the awareness of violence against women and children and actions to oppose it. On the other, the violence persists and so does the counter-attack against those who seek to expose it. The book describes the links between discrimination, violence against women, and violence against children, and uncovers the strategies and tactics used for concealing it. The author's analysis, corroborated by a theoretical framework as well as international research data, reveals the interconnectedness of what might appear to be separate events or measures. The book also demonstrates how the same tactics and strategies are at work in various different countries.Less
This book is born of a contradiction: on the one hand, there has been a genuine advance in the awareness of violence against women and children and actions to oppose it. On the other, the violence persists and so does the counter-attack against those who seek to expose it. The book describes the links between discrimination, violence against women, and violence against children, and uncovers the strategies and tactics used for concealing it. The author's analysis, corroborated by a theoretical framework as well as international research data, reveals the interconnectedness of what might appear to be separate events or measures. The book also demonstrates how the same tactics and strategies are at work in various different countries.
Susan Elizabeth Hough and Roger G. Bilham
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780195179132
- eISBN:
- 9780197562291
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780195179132.003.0010
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Geophysics: Earth Sciences
Citizens of Yokohama and Tokyo were just sitting down to their Saturday noonday meal on the morning of September 1, 1923, when the great Kanto earthquake struck. The ...
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Citizens of Yokohama and Tokyo were just sitting down to their Saturday noonday meal on the morning of September 1, 1923, when the great Kanto earthquake struck. The time, 11:58:44, was precisely documented by seismometers, which were by this time commonplace. In 1923, Tokyo was already a bustling urban center and port city, home to over 2 million people. Yokohama was an important port and industrial center as well, with a population of more than 400,000. As had been the case in Charleston, observers gave differing descriptions of the initial shaking; some witnesses described the same gradual onset that residents of Somerville, South Carolina, had experienced. In Yokohama, however, Otis Manchester Poole wrote that, in contrast to other temblors that allowed time for contemplative speculation (“How bad is this one going to be?”), . . . This time . . . there was never more than a few moment’s doubt; after the first seven seconds of subterranean thunder and creaking spasms, we shot right over the border line. The ground could scarcely be said to shake; it heaved, tossed and leapt under one. The walls bulged as if made of cardboard and the din became awful. . . . For perhaps half a minute the fabric of our surroundings held; then came disintegration. Slabs of plaster left the ceilings and fell about our ears, filling the air with a blinding, smothering fog of dust. Walls bulged, spread and sagged, pictures danced on their wires, flew out and crashed to splinters. Desks slid about, cabinets, safes and furniture toppled, spun a moment and fell on their sides. It felt as if the floor were rising and falling beneath one’s feet in billows knee high. . . . Poole could not gauge how much time elapsed during the tumult but cited an official record of four minutes. Although the earthquake damaged all of the seismographs operated by the seismological station at Tokyo University, Professor Akitsune Imamura and his staff were at work within minutes of the earthquake, analyzing the seismograms.
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Citizens of Yokohama and Tokyo were just sitting down to their Saturday noonday meal on the morning of September 1, 1923, when the great Kanto earthquake struck. The time, 11:58:44, was precisely documented by seismometers, which were by this time commonplace. In 1923, Tokyo was already a bustling urban center and port city, home to over 2 million people. Yokohama was an important port and industrial center as well, with a population of more than 400,000. As had been the case in Charleston, observers gave differing descriptions of the initial shaking; some witnesses described the same gradual onset that residents of Somerville, South Carolina, had experienced. In Yokohama, however, Otis Manchester Poole wrote that, in contrast to other temblors that allowed time for contemplative speculation (“How bad is this one going to be?”), . . . This time . . . there was never more than a few moment’s doubt; after the first seven seconds of subterranean thunder and creaking spasms, we shot right over the border line. The ground could scarcely be said to shake; it heaved, tossed and leapt under one. The walls bulged as if made of cardboard and the din became awful. . . . For perhaps half a minute the fabric of our surroundings held; then came disintegration. Slabs of plaster left the ceilings and fell about our ears, filling the air with a blinding, smothering fog of dust. Walls bulged, spread and sagged, pictures danced on their wires, flew out and crashed to splinters. Desks slid about, cabinets, safes and furniture toppled, spun a moment and fell on their sides. It felt as if the floor were rising and falling beneath one’s feet in billows knee high. . . . Poole could not gauge how much time elapsed during the tumult but cited an official record of four minutes. Although the earthquake damaged all of the seismographs operated by the seismological station at Tokyo University, Professor Akitsune Imamura and his staff were at work within minutes of the earthquake, analyzing the seismograms.
Jeffrey T. Kiehl
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231177184
- eISBN:
- 9780231541169
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231177184.003.0010
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Climate
A description of how coherence arises from dynamic interactions within physical and social systems. An argument is made that we need to recognize our empathic interconnectedness to the world to deal ...
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A description of how coherence arises from dynamic interactions within physical and social systems. An argument is made that we need to recognize our empathic interconnectedness to the world to deal with the climate change issue.Less
A description of how coherence arises from dynamic interactions within physical and social systems. An argument is made that we need to recognize our empathic interconnectedness to the world to deal with the climate change issue.
Martin Solly
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780748691692
- eISBN:
- 9781474418546
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748691692.003.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
The chapter provides an overview of the theoretical background to stylistics and of the main language theories pertinent to the volume, reappraising the usefulness of a stylistic approach to ...
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The chapter provides an overview of the theoretical background to stylistics and of the main language theories pertinent to the volume, reappraising the usefulness of a stylistic approach to non-literary discourse. It is divided into two main parts: the first looks at style and stylistics, showing how they are intrinsically related and how stylistics is a fast developing and growing area of study in linguistics; the second briefly introduces a number of related theoretical concepts, such as the construction and communication of discursive identity, multimodality, narrative analysis, corpus linguistics, genre analysis, critical discourse analysis, speech acts and pragmatics. These conceptual approaches to the study of language are often used to analyse texts as if they were not interconnected, thus enabling the scholar to turn a specific lens on a particular text, or group of texts. However, this isolating of only certain aspects of texts, while practical, often conceals the relevance of other approaches and their interconnectedness. Indeed, a stylistics-oriented interdisciplinary approach provides a holistic framework for the study of language use and language choice and the way texts are woven; in many ways it forms an excellent interface for bringing together overlapping theoretical approaches.Less
The chapter provides an overview of the theoretical background to stylistics and of the main language theories pertinent to the volume, reappraising the usefulness of a stylistic approach to non-literary discourse. It is divided into two main parts: the first looks at style and stylistics, showing how they are intrinsically related and how stylistics is a fast developing and growing area of study in linguistics; the second briefly introduces a number of related theoretical concepts, such as the construction and communication of discursive identity, multimodality, narrative analysis, corpus linguistics, genre analysis, critical discourse analysis, speech acts and pragmatics. These conceptual approaches to the study of language are often used to analyse texts as if they were not interconnected, thus enabling the scholar to turn a specific lens on a particular text, or group of texts. However, this isolating of only certain aspects of texts, while practical, often conceals the relevance of other approaches and their interconnectedness. Indeed, a stylistics-oriented interdisciplinary approach provides a holistic framework for the study of language use and language choice and the way texts are woven; in many ways it forms an excellent interface for bringing together overlapping theoretical approaches.
Xavier Freixas, Luc Laeven, and José-Luis Peydró
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262028691
- eISBN:
- 9780262328609
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028691.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
This chapter gives an overview of the literature on financial contagion, with special emphasis on interconnectedness and liquidity risk. Not only direct contagion is analyzed, but also the so-called ...
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This chapter gives an overview of the literature on financial contagion, with special emphasis on interconnectedness and liquidity risk. Not only direct contagion is analyzed, but also the so-called second round effects and liquidity dry-ups and hoarding. While the emphasis is on contagion across banks, contagion in other parts of the financial system (such as insurance, hedge funds, money market mutual funds, and over the counter markets for credit default swap contracts) as well as contagion between financial intermediaries and markets is also reviewed. Moreover, negative liquidity spirals with market and funding liquidity risks, cash in the market asset pricing and fire sales are discussed. Finally, the effects of recent trends in financial globalization on cross-border financial contagion are also summarized.Less
This chapter gives an overview of the literature on financial contagion, with special emphasis on interconnectedness and liquidity risk. Not only direct contagion is analyzed, but also the so-called second round effects and liquidity dry-ups and hoarding. While the emphasis is on contagion across banks, contagion in other parts of the financial system (such as insurance, hedge funds, money market mutual funds, and over the counter markets for credit default swap contracts) as well as contagion between financial intermediaries and markets is also reviewed. Moreover, negative liquidity spirals with market and funding liquidity risks, cash in the market asset pricing and fire sales are discussed. Finally, the effects of recent trends in financial globalization on cross-border financial contagion are also summarized.
Lisa Jean Moore
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781479876303
- eISBN:
- 9781479848096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479876303.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Health, Illness, and Medicine
The concept of the mesh is introduced to describe the analysis of horseshoe crabs, their environment, and the humans with whom they interact (both directly and indirectly). This network of entangled ...
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The concept of the mesh is introduced to describe the analysis of horseshoe crabs, their environment, and the humans with whom they interact (both directly and indirectly). This network of entangled species and objects changes as time progresses, both as a result of human involvement but also without human involvement. Humans are no more essential than horseshoe crabs—but the focus does seem to be on the human impact on horseshoe crabs’ reproduction and survival in the context of global warming and rising sea levels. And humans, and their highways, are prioritized over the crabs. Here I call into question our tendency to take this for granted, and I encourage humans to be more mindful about our interconnectedness and the repercussions of our actions over the enmeshed web of species and environment.
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The concept of the mesh is introduced to describe the analysis of horseshoe crabs, their environment, and the humans with whom they interact (both directly and indirectly). This network of entangled species and objects changes as time progresses, both as a result of human involvement but also without human involvement. Humans are no more essential than horseshoe crabs—but the focus does seem to be on the human impact on horseshoe crabs’ reproduction and survival in the context of global warming and rising sea levels. And humans, and their highways, are prioritized over the crabs. Here I call into question our tendency to take this for granted, and I encourage humans to be more mindful about our interconnectedness and the repercussions of our actions over the enmeshed web of species and environment.
Ann Russo
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780814777169
- eISBN:
- 9780814777176
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814777169.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality
This chapter introduces the concept of cultivating accountability as a praxis that brings conscious awareness to how much our work as antiviolence scholars, advocates, organizers, and activists has ...
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This chapter introduces the concept of cultivating accountability as a praxis that brings conscious awareness to how much our work as antiviolence scholars, advocates, organizers, and activists has been impacted by and implicated within hierarchical and intersectional relations of power footed in historical and interlocking systems of power. Drawing on the work of feminists of color, transnational feminists, and antiracist feminists, the chapter builds on the idea of intersectionality as a bridge to accountability and solidarity grounded in mutuality and interconnectedness.Less
This chapter introduces the concept of cultivating accountability as a praxis that brings conscious awareness to how much our work as antiviolence scholars, advocates, organizers, and activists has been impacted by and implicated within hierarchical and intersectional relations of power footed in historical and interlocking systems of power. Drawing on the work of feminists of color, transnational feminists, and antiracist feminists, the chapter builds on the idea of intersectionality as a bridge to accountability and solidarity grounded in mutuality and interconnectedness.
Carol Wayne White
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780823276219
- eISBN:
- 9780823277049
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823276219.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
This chapter describes the emergence of an African-American religious naturalism that has affinities with theoretical developments offering new materialist views of the human. It proposes a ...
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This chapter describes the emergence of an African-American religious naturalism that has affinities with theoretical developments offering new materialist views of the human. It proposes a humanistic discourse that resists both problematic forms of anthropocentricism implicit in modern humanism and questionable racial differentials reinforced by Enlightenment ideals. The chapter introduces scientific theories advanced by the tenets of religious naturalism that help to envision humanity as a specific life form, or as nature made aware of itself. With the concept of sacred humanity, it explores humans as sacred centers of value and distinct movements of nature itself where deep relationality and interconnectedness become key metaphors for understanding what constitutes our processes of becoming human. This naturalistic view of humanity is set within the context of African-American culture and history to underscore the conceptual richness of the liberationist motif within black religiosity and to celebrate its enduring legacy.Less
This chapter describes the emergence of an African-American religious naturalism that has affinities with theoretical developments offering new materialist views of the human. It proposes a humanistic discourse that resists both problematic forms of anthropocentricism implicit in modern humanism and questionable racial differentials reinforced by Enlightenment ideals. The chapter introduces scientific theories advanced by the tenets of religious naturalism that help to envision humanity as a specific life form, or as nature made aware of itself. With the concept of sacred humanity, it explores humans as sacred centers of value and distinct movements of nature itself where deep relationality and interconnectedness become key metaphors for understanding what constitutes our processes of becoming human. This naturalistic view of humanity is set within the context of African-American culture and history to underscore the conceptual richness of the liberationist motif within black religiosity and to celebrate its enduring legacy.
Ben Hawkins and Anne Roemer-mahler
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781447312741
- eISBN:
- 9781447312857
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447312741.003.0006
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
In this chapter, Ben Hawkins and Anne Roemer-Mahler argue that it is important not only to consider the impact of business activities on health, but also to foster a deeper and more considered ...
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In this chapter, Ben Hawkins and Anne Roemer-Mahler argue that it is important not only to consider the impact of business activities on health, but also to foster a deeper and more considered approach to the question of how business interests influence the shape of public health policies and strategies. They argue that the concept of interconnectedness can advance insights into corporate political power and corporate political strategy by utilising literature drawn from political science and management studies. They illustrate that, for their chosen case studies – the alcohol and pharmaceutical industries – four dimensions of interconnectedness are of particular relevance: interconnectedness between markets, industries, levels of governance and branches of government.Less
In this chapter, Ben Hawkins and Anne Roemer-Mahler argue that it is important not only to consider the impact of business activities on health, but also to foster a deeper and more considered approach to the question of how business interests influence the shape of public health policies and strategies. They argue that the concept of interconnectedness can advance insights into corporate political power and corporate political strategy by utilising literature drawn from political science and management studies. They illustrate that, for their chosen case studies – the alcohol and pharmaceutical industries – four dimensions of interconnectedness are of particular relevance: interconnectedness between markets, industries, levels of governance and branches of government.