Jochen Gehrmann and Richard B. Banati
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781872748795
- eISBN:
- 9780191724381
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9781872748795.003.0003
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System
Immune reactions in the brain are largely controlled by the interaction between extrinsic immuneffector cells such as T and B cells, and resident glial cell populations. T and B lymphocytes recruited ...
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Immune reactions in the brain are largely controlled by the interaction between extrinsic immuneffector cells such as T and B cells, and resident glial cell populations. T and B lymphocytes recruited from peripheral immune organs constitute the main extrinsic effector cells, while microglia and astrocytes become rapidly activated as part of an intrinsic immune defence of the brain against such an immune injury. Pathophysiologically important, myelinforming oligodendrocytes are particularly vulnerable during central nervous system (CNS) immune injury. In demyelinating diseases, like multiple sclerosis, injury to oligodendrocytes as well as to components of the CNS myelin sheath plays an important role. This chapter focuses on the involvement of these different cell types during autoimmune injury, with a particular emphasis on intercellular communication between activated glial cells and lymphocytes via cytokines and other mediators.Less
Immune reactions in the brain are largely controlled by the interaction between extrinsic immuneffector cells such as T and B cells, and resident glial cell populations. T and B lymphocytes recruited from peripheral immune organs constitute the main extrinsic effector cells, while microglia and astrocytes become rapidly activated as part of an intrinsic immune defence of the brain against such an immune injury. Pathophysiologically important, myelinforming oligodendrocytes are particularly vulnerable during central nervous system (CNS) immune injury. In demyelinating diseases, like multiple sclerosis, injury to oligodendrocytes as well as to components of the CNS myelin sheath plays an important role. This chapter focuses on the involvement of these different cell types during autoimmune injury, with a particular emphasis on intercellular communication between activated glial cells and lymphocytes via cytokines and other mediators.
Pete A. Ensminger
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300088045
- eISBN:
- 9780300133523
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300088045.003.0011
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Climate
This chapter reveals the discovery and different stages in the life cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum, the role of cAMP in intercellular communication, and the porphyrin photoreceptor in Escherichia ...
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This chapter reveals the discovery and different stages in the life cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum, the role of cAMP in intercellular communication, and the porphyrin photoreceptor in Escherichia coli. The significance of phototaxis and chemotaxis in the amoeba and the slug in controlling their movement is also discussed. The action spectrum of the amoeba and the slug indicates the use of different pigments to control phototaxis. Sorocarp, developed from the slug, has great adaptive value and eventually germinates and begins life anew as an amoeba.Less
This chapter reveals the discovery and different stages in the life cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum, the role of cAMP in intercellular communication, and the porphyrin photoreceptor in Escherichia coli. The significance of phototaxis and chemotaxis in the amoeba and the slug in controlling their movement is also discussed. The action spectrum of the amoeba and the slug indicates the use of different pigments to control phototaxis. Sorocarp, developed from the slug, has great adaptive value and eventually germinates and begins life anew as an amoeba.
