- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226887517
- eISBN:
- 9780226887531
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226887531.003.0003
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Theory and Practice
Academics seem to presume a very idealized, creamy notion of republican democracy, in which good arguments simply float to the top of the body politic. It is as if they were perpetually writing the ...
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Academics seem to presume a very idealized, creamy notion of republican democracy, in which good arguments simply float to the top of the body politic. It is as if they were perpetually writing the Federalist Papers—they make arguments and expect those arguments to be listened to, acquiesced in, and then realized in actual politics. Exactly how this realization is supposed to take place and who is supposed to do the work are not the academics' concerns. The political irrelevance of academics is not merely a function of society's regrettable lack of respect for the mandarin class, but is by and large substantively well deserved. This chapter begins by outlining the ways in which academics should realize that their commitments to politics as a way to organize intellectual life are at odds with their own understandings of political life. Drawing upon the author's recent project, it then discusses the problems encountered in attempting intellectual politics, and some possible partial solutions.Less
Academics seem to presume a very idealized, creamy notion of republican democracy, in which good arguments simply float to the top of the body politic. It is as if they were perpetually writing the Federalist Papers—they make arguments and expect those arguments to be listened to, acquiesced in, and then realized in actual politics. Exactly how this realization is supposed to take place and who is supposed to do the work are not the academics' concerns. The political irrelevance of academics is not merely a function of society's regrettable lack of respect for the mandarin class, but is by and large substantively well deserved. This chapter begins by outlining the ways in which academics should realize that their commitments to politics as a way to organize intellectual life are at odds with their own understandings of political life. Drawing upon the author's recent project, it then discusses the problems encountered in attempting intellectual politics, and some possible partial solutions.
Jonathan M. Barnett
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- December 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190908591
- eISBN:
- 9780190908621
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190908591.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Company and Commercial Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law
This book presents a theoretical, historical, and empirical account of the relationship between intellectual property (IP) rights, organizational type, and market structure. Patents expand ...
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This book presents a theoretical, historical, and empirical account of the relationship between intellectual property (IP) rights, organizational type, and market structure. Patents expand transactional choice by enabling smaller research-and-development (R&D)-intensive firms to compete against larger firms that wield difficult-to-replicate financing, production, and distribution capacities. In particular, patents enable upstream firms that specialize in innovation to exchange informational assets with downstream firms that specialize in commercialization, lowering capital and technical requirements that might otherwise impede entry. These theoretical expectations track a novel organizational history of the U.S. patent system during 1890–2006. Periods of strong patent protection tend to support innovation ecosystems in which smaller innovators can monetize R&D through financing, licensing, and other relationships with funding and commercialization partners. Periods of weak patent protection tend to support innovation ecosystems in which innovation and commercialization mostly take place within the end-to-end structures of large integrated firms. The proposed link between IP rights and organizational type tracks evidence on historical and contemporary patterns in IP lobbying and advocacy activities. In general, larger and more integrated firms (outside pharmaceuticals) tend to advocate for weaker patents, while smaller and less integrated firms (and venture capitalists who back those firms) tend to advocate for stronger patents. Contrary to conventional assumptions, the economics, history, and politics of the U.S. patent system suggest that weak IP rights often shelter large incumbents from the entry threat posed by smaller R&D-specialist entities.Less
This book presents a theoretical, historical, and empirical account of the relationship between intellectual property (IP) rights, organizational type, and market structure. Patents expand transactional choice by enabling smaller research-and-development (R&D)-intensive firms to compete against larger firms that wield difficult-to-replicate financing, production, and distribution capacities. In particular, patents enable upstream firms that specialize in innovation to exchange informational assets with downstream firms that specialize in commercialization, lowering capital and technical requirements that might otherwise impede entry. These theoretical expectations track a novel organizational history of the U.S. patent system during 1890–2006. Periods of strong patent protection tend to support innovation ecosystems in which smaller innovators can monetize R&D through financing, licensing, and other relationships with funding and commercialization partners. Periods of weak patent protection tend to support innovation ecosystems in which innovation and commercialization mostly take place within the end-to-end structures of large integrated firms. The proposed link between IP rights and organizational type tracks evidence on historical and contemporary patterns in IP lobbying and advocacy activities. In general, larger and more integrated firms (outside pharmaceuticals) tend to advocate for weaker patents, while smaller and less integrated firms (and venture capitalists who back those firms) tend to advocate for stronger patents. Contrary to conventional assumptions, the economics, history, and politics of the U.S. patent system suggest that weak IP rights often shelter large incumbents from the entry threat posed by smaller R&D-specialist entities.
Annika A. Culver and Norman Smith (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9789888528134
- eISBN:
- 9789882205949
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888528134.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
This collection reveals how, in Manchukuo (1932-1945), literature both furthered national aims while contesting them, as writers of varied ethnicities engaged in multivalent strategies to continue ...
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This collection reveals how, in Manchukuo (1932-1945), literature both furthered national aims while contesting them, as writers of varied ethnicities engaged in multivalent strategies to continue cultural production amidst difficult political circumstances. Studies of their work by transnational scholars today demonstrate that these writers faced factors influencing outcomes of their production, such as censorship, the Japanese puppet regime's propaganda aims, and even the market. In addition, particular hybrid language practices emerged, with writers engaging in transnational practices in a border region. This volume examines what we call "Manchukuo perspectives" unique to cultural producers in a state transformed by Japanese interests, but later shaped by more inclusive multivalent aims, reflected in the writings of Chinese, Korean, and Russian intellectuals who felt a keen loss of nation, which also included Japanese converted leftists who transformed their antipathy towards imperialist capitalism into support for a fascist state offering the utopian promises of a "right-wing proletarianism".Less
This collection reveals how, in Manchukuo (1932-1945), literature both furthered national aims while contesting them, as writers of varied ethnicities engaged in multivalent strategies to continue cultural production amidst difficult political circumstances. Studies of their work by transnational scholars today demonstrate that these writers faced factors influencing outcomes of their production, such as censorship, the Japanese puppet regime's propaganda aims, and even the market. In addition, particular hybrid language practices emerged, with writers engaging in transnational practices in a border region. This volume examines what we call "Manchukuo perspectives" unique to cultural producers in a state transformed by Japanese interests, but later shaped by more inclusive multivalent aims, reflected in the writings of Chinese, Korean, and Russian intellectuals who felt a keen loss of nation, which also included Japanese converted leftists who transformed their antipathy towards imperialist capitalism into support for a fascist state offering the utopian promises of a "right-wing proletarianism".
David A. Chang
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780816699414
- eISBN:
- 9781452954417
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816699414.003.0008
- Subject:
- Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
The epilogue briefly continues the story up to the present day, demonstrating how the history the book describes can provide a genealogy for present-day Kanaka Maoli intellectual and cultural ...
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The epilogue briefly continues the story up to the present day, demonstrating how the history the book describes can provide a genealogy for present-day Kanaka Maoli intellectual and cultural politics. It dedicates particular attention to boarding schools, which can serve as the epitome of the colonial institutions and structures that came to dominate Hawai‘i. Even in those schools, Kānaka students carved out spaces to assert alternative geographies of connection to other indigenous peoples and Pacific Islanders.Less
The epilogue briefly continues the story up to the present day, demonstrating how the history the book describes can provide a genealogy for present-day Kanaka Maoli intellectual and cultural politics. It dedicates particular attention to boarding schools, which can serve as the epitome of the colonial institutions and structures that came to dominate Hawai‘i. Even in those schools, Kānaka students carved out spaces to assert alternative geographies of connection to other indigenous peoples and Pacific Islanders.
