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Integrationist Values: Limiting Permissible Doxastic Venture

John Bishop

in Believing by Faith: An Essay in the Epistemology and Ethics of Religious Belief

This chapter deals with two versions of the objection that Jamesian fideism is too liberal. In response to the first — that it is arbitrary to permit supra-evidential yet reject irrational, ... More

This chapter deals with two versions of the objection that Jamesian fideism is too liberal. In response to the first — that it is arbitrary to permit supra-evidential yet reject irrational, counter-evidential, faith-ventures — it is argued that a defensible fideism must insist that faith-ventures be made with epistemic entitlement (i.e., through the right exercise of epistemic rationality). ‘Ethical suspension of the epistemic’, while not absolutely excluded, does not apply to religious faith-ventures. To meet the second objection — that fideism may endorse obviously morally objectionable faith-ventures — a further integrationist condition is added: both the content and the motivational character of a permissible faith-venture should cohere with correct morality. The chapter concludes by following Kierkegaard's example with a reflection on Abraham and Isaac, to illustrate how theistic faith-ventures should develop in tandem with evolving moral commitments.Less

Introduction

Phil Syrpis

in EU Intervention in Domestic Labour Law

This chapter introduces the theoretical framework used to examine the rationales for EU intervention in the labour law arena. The aims and objectives of intervention in labour law, and of the ... More

This chapter introduces the theoretical framework used to examine the rationales for EU intervention in the labour law arena. The aims and objectives of intervention in labour law, and of the European Union itself, are contested. The integrationist, economic, and social rationales for intervention are defined and distinguished, and their interconnections described. The nature of the evolving competence of the EU in the social sphere is outlined, with particular attention devoted to the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality. Intervention by the Court and the political institutions (via harmonization, mutual recognition and new modes of governance) are considered, and the structure of the remainder of the text is provided.Less

The Three Rationales for EU Intervention in Domestic Labour Law

Phil Syrpis

in EU Intervention in Domestic Labour Law

This chapter categorises the various objectives which EU intervention in domestic labour law may be thought to serve into three broad rationales, and draws out the implications which a commitment to ... More

This chapter categorises the various objectives which EU intervention in domestic labour law may be thought to serve into three broad rationales, and draws out the implications which a commitment to each of the integrationist, economic, and social rationale may, or must, entail. Much of the focus is on the integrationist rationale, and to a critique of the various actors' understanding of the elimination of barriers to free movement and distortions of competition. It is suggested that mere differences between national laws need not be seen as problematic from the perspective of market integration — contrary to the dominant strand of the Court of Justice's case law. The impact of EMU is considered as well as the relationships between the economic and social objectives which may underlie EU intervention, in the light of the evolution of the Lisbon Strategy.Less

Direct Action and the Search for “Freedom of Movement”

Brandon K. Winford

in John Hervey Wheeler, Black Banking, and the Economic Struggle for Civil Rights

Chapter 4 examines Wheeler’s activism during the direct-action phase of the civil rights movement. It pushes us to consider how a black businessman in Wheeler’s position could serve not as an ... More

Chapter 4 examines Wheeler’s activism during the direct-action phase of the civil rights movement. It pushes us to consider how a black businessman in Wheeler’s position could serve not as an obstacle to but as a steadfast advocate of alternative tactics during the 1960s. Despite the emergence of student-centered leadership with the 1960 sit-in movement, Wheeler did not take a sidelines position. Instead, he continued to operate behind the scenes while publicly and privately lending his support to student activists. Wheeler had a reputation for always being ahead of his time, and white leaders considered him to be a radical. His acceptance of young activists and his integrationist views represented a unique departure from many of his black business contemporaries. I argue that while direct action represented a shift away from strict reliance on legal tactics, as well as a generational shift in leadership, Wheeler recognized that ongoing civil disobedience meant that he was in a much better position than ever before to fulfill the ideals of New South prosperity through increased involvement in reform and policymaking at the local, state, and national levels.Less

The Promise and Perils of Mixed-Income Public Housing Transformation

Robert J. Chaskin and Mark L. Joseph

in Integrating the Inner City: The Promise and Perils of Mixed-Income Public Housing Transformation

In this final chapter, we draw some broad conclusions about mixed-income public housing reform in Chicago, explore what they suggest regarding the promise and perils of this approach as a response to ... More

In this final chapter, we draw some broad conclusions about mixed-income public housing reform in Chicago, explore what they suggest regarding the promise and perils of this approach as a response to concentrated urban poverty, and outline some of the implications of these findings for both policy and practice. While we have documented the physical transformation, emergent economic revitalization, and improved safety and stability in the targeted areas, we conclude that the Plan for Transformation has thus far fallen considerably short of its social goals of breaking down the barriers that have isolated public housing residents in disadvantage and integrating them into the physical, social, and economic fabric of the city. We briefly review the evidence regarding the effect of poverty deconcentration policies, through both dispersal and development, on their integrationist goals and anticipated outcomes for the poor and discuss some of the reasons for these outcomes in the context of mixed-income public housing reform. We then outline some of the implications and potential responses that might inform future phases of current efforts as well as future policy and implementation orientations toward housing policy and addressing urban poverty more broadly.Less

Race, multiraciality, and the election of Barack Obama: toward a more perfect union?1

G. Reginald Daniel

in Obama and the Biracial Factor: The Battle for a New American Majority

An examination of the impact of the rule of hypodescent on racial politics in the U.S. and the role of President Obama's mixed-ethnic background on theories of assimilation & pluralism

Introduction: Bridging the Black-White Divide

Charles J. Ogletree Jr. and Austin Sarat

in Racial Reconciliation and the Healing of a Nation: Beyond Law and Rights

The introduction discusses how racial reconciliation has been thought about from Brown’s integrationist vision to imaginings of post-racialism that accompanied the election of Barack Obama. We ask ... More

The introduction discusses how racial reconciliation has been thought about from Brown’s integrationist vision to imaginings of post-racialism that accompanied the election of Barack Obama. We ask what we can learn about the conditions of racial reconciliation by examining that history. This chapter also provides an overview of the subsequent chapters in this book, showing how each helps illuminate the conditions that impede racial reconciliation and those that might facilitate it in the future.Less

Finding Capital in Diversity: The Creation of Racially Integrated Space

Abigail Perkiss

in Making Good Neighbors: Civil Rights, Liberalism, and Integration in Postwar Philadelphia

This chapter discusses the success of West Mount Airy residents and leaders in making their community economically stable and racially integrated. Throughout the 1950s, integrationist leaders guided ... More

This chapter discusses the success of West Mount Airy residents and leaders in making their community economically stable and racially integrated. Throughout the 1950s, integrationist leaders guided residents through the complicated process of developing an experiment in interracial living in northwest Philadelphia. In West Mount Airy, leaders created reform movements predicated on a strategy of grassroots moral liberalism that relied upon both individual persuasion and structural accountability. One of these movements was initiated by a group of Mount Airy homeowners, led by clergy from religious institutions from four areas. The group presented findings from census data, city charters, religious texts and other studies to support the idea that a racially mixed neighborhood was both sustainable and desirable.Less

Elusive Subjects and the Instability of Noble Society

Kelly O'Neill

in Claiming Crimea: A History of Catherine the Great's Southern Empire

This chapter focuses on one of the crucial mechanisms of empire building: the integration of elites. Previous scholars have presumed that the Crimean elite followed a path similar to that of their ... More

This chapter focuses on one of the crucial mechanisms of empire building: the integration of elites. Previous scholars have presumed that the Crimean elite followed a path similar to that of their Georgian and Ukrainian peers. According to the accepted narrative, officials offered the mirzas a role in facilitating the establishment of Russian rule, and they accepted. By the early nineteenth century, mirzas relinquished the reins of authority to Russian officials and landowners, thus removing any vestiges of local particularity in the Tavrida administration. Those who remained in positions of power did so only by forsaking their previous allegiances and becoming part of the Russian social and cultural fabric. In so doing, they left the Crimean Tatar population vulnerable to integrationist policies.Less

4 Racism or Power?: Explaining Perpetrator Motivation in Interethnic Cases

Jeannine Bell

in Hate Thy Neighbor: Move-In Violence and the Persistence of Racial Segregation in American Housing

This chapter highlights acts of anti-integrationist violence in Los Angeles to explain the roles of geography and neighborhood dominance in the construction of localized racial hierarchies. These ... More

This chapter highlights acts of anti-integrationist violence in Los Angeles to explain the roles of geography and neighborhood dominance in the construction of localized racial hierarchies. These violent acts involve crimes committed by Latinos against African Americans in Los Angeles. “Latinos,” and nothing more specific, is how the perpetrators are described in court cases, human rights organizations' materials, and press accounts. This is slightly problematic because the term “Latino” is a catchall phrase that encompasses people of Cuban, Puerto Rican, Dominican, Mexican, and South and Central American descent. This generic lumping under the term “Latino” of individuals from different countries with different national histories does not do justice to the complex relationship that Latinos from different regions have with African Americans. Less

5 When Class Trumps Race: Explaining Perpetrator Motivation in Interclass Cases

Jeannine Bell

in Hate Thy Neighbor: Move-In Violence and the Persistence of Racial Segregation in American Housing

This chapter examines anti-integrationist violence in context of socioeconomic status, or class. Many incidents of anti-integrationist violence had occurred in working-class white neighborhoods, ... More

This chapter examines anti-integrationist violence in context of socioeconomic status, or class. Many incidents of anti-integrationist violence had occurred in working-class white neighborhoods, such as Canarsie and Bensonhurst in Brooklyn, as well as in South Boston. Highly publicized incidents occurring in these neighborhoods raise the specter that working-class whites may be more likely to resist minorities moving in than those living in middle-class or upper-class white neighborhoods. The remainder of the chapter considers the socioeconomic class of minority people moving in, arguing that the perpetrators' actions are motivated by the targets' social class, or status, and not necessarily their race. Less

6 Responding to Neighborhood Hate Crimes

Jeannine Bell

in Hate Thy Neighbor: Move-In Violence and the Persistence of Racial Segregation in American Housing

This chapter focuses on the government's response to anti-integrationist violence. This response may involve a variety of actors, ranging from police officers investigating the crime to judges ... More

This chapter focuses on the government's response to anti-integrationist violence. This response may involve a variety of actors, ranging from police officers investigating the crime to judges involved in sentencing. In cases of neighborhood hate crime, the very first governmental actor that the individual targeted by the harassment encounters is the police. In the best-case scenario, the responding officer gathers evidence, arrests any perpetrators at the scene of the crime, gets the names of witnesses, and writes a summary report. The Justice Department then may sentence the perpetrators for violating the general criminal law, the civil rights law, and the local hate crime law. Less

Racism or Power?: Explaining Perpetrator Motivation in Interethnic Cases

Jeannine Bell

in Hate Thy Neighbor: Move-In Violence and the Persistence of Racial Segregation in American Housing

This chapter highlights acts of anti-integrationist violence in Los Angeles to explain the roles of geography and neighborhood dominance in the construction of localized racial hierarchies. These ... More

This chapter highlights acts of anti-integrationist violence in Los Angeles to explain the roles of geography and neighborhood dominance in the construction of localized racial hierarchies. These violent acts involve crimes committed by Latinos against African Americans in Los Angeles. “Latinos,” and nothing more specific, is how the perpetrators are described in court cases, human rights organizations' materials, and press accounts. This is slightly problematic because the term “Latino” is a catchall phrase that encompasses people of Cuban, Puerto Rican, Dominican, Mexican, and South and Central American descent. This generic lumping under the term “Latino” of individuals from different countries with different national histories does not do justice to the complex relationship that Latinos from different regions have with African Americans.Less

When Class Trumps Race: Explaining Perpetrator Motivation in Interclass Cases

Jeannine Bell

in Hate Thy Neighbor: Move-In Violence and the Persistence of Racial Segregation in American Housing

This chapter examines anti-integrationist violence in context of socioeconomic status, or class. Many incidents of anti-integrationist violence had occurred in working-class white neighborhoods, such ... More

This chapter examines anti-integrationist violence in context of socioeconomic status, or class. Many incidents of anti-integrationist violence had occurred in working-class white neighborhoods, such as Canarsie and Bensonhurst in Brooklyn, as well as in South Boston. Highly publicized incidents occurring in these neighborhoods raise the specter that working-class whites may be more likely to resist minorities moving in than those living in middle-class or upper-class white neighborhoods. The remainder of the chapter considers the socioeconomic class of minority people moving in, arguing that the perpetrators' actions are motivated by the targets' social class, or status, and not necessarily their race.Less

Responding to Neighborhood Hate Crimes

Jeannine Bell

in Hate Thy Neighbor: Move-In Violence and the Persistence of Racial Segregation in American Housing

This chapter focuses on the government's response to anti-integrationist violence. This response may involve a variety of actors, ranging from police officers investigating the crime to judges ... More

This chapter focuses on the government's response to anti-integrationist violence. This response may involve a variety of actors, ranging from police officers investigating the crime to judges involved in sentencing. In cases of neighborhood hate crime, the very first governmental actor that the individual targeted by the harassment encounters is the police. In the best-case scenario, the responding officer gathers evidence, arrests any perpetrators at the scene of the crime, gets the names of witnesses, and writes a summary report. The Justice Department then may sentence the perpetrators for violating the general criminal law, the civil rights law, and the local hate crime law.Less

Demonstration Plot for the Kingdom: The Radical Orthodoxy of Koinonia Farm

Ansley L. Quiros

in God with Us: Lived Theology and the Freedom Struggle in Americus, Georgia, 1942-1976

This chapter examines the history of Koinonia Farm, an interracial Christian farming community and its founders, Clarence and Florence Jordan. It examines Jordan’s theological commitments and ... More

This chapter examines the history of Koinonia Farm, an interracial Christian farming community and its founders, Clarence and Florence Jordan. It examines Jordan’s theological commitments and upbringing, the founding of Koinonia Farm, its mission and work, and its persecution in the 1950s. The chapter concludes with an examination of Jordan’s Cottonpatch Gospels, which offer insight into Koinonia Farm’s radical orthodoxy in terms of race relations in the South.Less

Partial Independence Advantages and Evolution

David A. Rezvani

in Surpassing the Sovereign State: The Wealth, Self-Rule, and Security Advantages of Partially Independent Territories

Chapter 2 lays out the principal reasons for the advantages and evolution of partially independent territories (PITs). PITs often benefit from high degrees of nationalistic compromise, core state ... More

Chapter 2 lays out the principal reasons for the advantages and evolution of partially independent territories (PITs). PITs often benefit from high degrees of nationalistic compromise, core state public goods, and credible commitments that their fully independent counterparts do not enjoy. They not only emerge because of these advantages, but also because they are initially seen by core states as an institutional response for preventing catastrophes such as state fragmentation, war, and/or economic disaster. In time the sense of self-interest and fear that tends to launch partially independent unions often gives way to mutual trust that is bolstered by core state norms of shared identity and PIT perceptions of fairness. PIT secession will, however, become an increasing possibility if this mutual trust—especially the trust that is underpinned by PIT perceptions of fairness—becomes weakened.Less