Robin Cooper and Regine Slagmulder
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199283361
- eISBN:
- 9780191712623
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199283361.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
Integrated cost management programmes consist of a number of distinct cost management techniques that reinforce each other, with the output of one technique creating the input for another. This ...
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Integrated cost management programmes consist of a number of distinct cost management techniques that reinforce each other, with the output of one technique creating the input for another. This chapter examines two different types of integrated cost management programmes. The first type is the internal integrated cost management programme at Olympus Optical Company, which consisted of five distinct internal cost management techniques that resulted in aggressive cost reduction pressures across the life cycle of the product. The second type is the external integrated cost management programmes at Komatsu, Isuzu, and Tokyo Motors, and their respective suppliers, Toyo Radiator (Komatsu), JKC (Isuzu), and Yokohama Corporation and Komatsu Iron Works (Tokyo Motors). These programmes consisted of three distinct cost management techniques that resulted in aggressive cost reduction pressures across the organizational boundaries between buyer and supplier.Less
Integrated cost management programmes consist of a number of distinct cost management techniques that reinforce each other, with the output of one technique creating the input for another. This chapter examines two different types of integrated cost management programmes. The first type is the internal integrated cost management programme at Olympus Optical Company, which consisted of five distinct internal cost management techniques that resulted in aggressive cost reduction pressures across the life cycle of the product. The second type is the external integrated cost management programmes at Komatsu, Isuzu, and Tokyo Motors, and their respective suppliers, Toyo Radiator (Komatsu), JKC (Isuzu), and Yokohama Corporation and Komatsu Iron Works (Tokyo Motors). These programmes consisted of three distinct cost management techniques that resulted in aggressive cost reduction pressures across the organizational boundaries between buyer and supplier.
E. J. Milner-Gulland and Marcus Rowcliffe
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198530367
- eISBN:
- 9780191713095
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198530367.003.0006
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter outlines the range of management strategies that can be used to achieve effective management of natural resources use, including regulatory tools (such as hunting bans, quotas, and ...
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This chapter outlines the range of management strategies that can be used to achieve effective management of natural resources use, including regulatory tools (such as hunting bans, quotas, and no-take-zones), distractions (such as the promotion of alternative livelihoods), incentives (such as direct conservation payments), and activities aimed at changing attitudes (such as education campaigns). The essential characteristics of each approach are outlined, giving the strengths, the weaknesses, and the conditions necessary for successful implementation. The need for an integrated management approach in most cases is emphasized, combining elements of several different approaches with strong stakeholder engagement.Less
This chapter outlines the range of management strategies that can be used to achieve effective management of natural resources use, including regulatory tools (such as hunting bans, quotas, and no-take-zones), distractions (such as the promotion of alternative livelihoods), incentives (such as direct conservation payments), and activities aimed at changing attitudes (such as education campaigns). The essential characteristics of each approach are outlined, giving the strengths, the weaknesses, and the conditions necessary for successful implementation. The need for an integrated management approach in most cases is emphasized, combining elements of several different approaches with strong stakeholder engagement.
Daniel Strickman, Stephen P. Frances, and Mustapha Debboun
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195365771
- eISBN:
- 9780199867677
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195365771.003.0014
- Subject:
- Biology, Natural History and Field Guides
This chapter presents the situation of a fictional family that uses all the lessons from this book to protect themselves from bloodsucking and venomous arthropods. Their activities as are an example ...
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This chapter presents the situation of a fictional family that uses all the lessons from this book to protect themselves from bloodsucking and venomous arthropods. Their activities as are an example of integrated pest management under widely different circumstances. The chapter includes a guide to solving pest problems based on information presented in more detail throughout the book.Less
This chapter presents the situation of a fictional family that uses all the lessons from this book to protect themselves from bloodsucking and venomous arthropods. Their activities as are an example of integrated pest management under widely different circumstances. The chapter includes a guide to solving pest problems based on information presented in more detail throughout the book.
Dr. Elli Louka
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195374131
- eISBN:
- 9780199871841
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374131.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law
This book examines water management in Europe, and the difficulties and policy dilemmas involved in creating integrated water management institutions. The book is unique in that it concentrates on ...
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This book examines water management in Europe, and the difficulties and policy dilemmas involved in creating integrated water management institutions. The book is unique in that it concentrates on institutional development, norms and guiding principles, implementation strategies, and public participation mechanisms at the local level, European Union level, and globally. The book examines the European Union Water Law and Policy as it was adopted at the beginning of 2000 and the attempt to apply integrated water management in Europe. Today, many speak of a water crisis in that the supply of water is unlikely to meet demand and because of pollution that mars many water ecosystems. Water is one of the most mismanaged natural resources. Deficient management policies and fragmented water management institutions can have catastrophic results for the management of water resources. In Europe, water management has been fragmented as states have used water resources within their borders often ignoring the impact of their actions on co-riparian states. The effort to apply integrated water management in Europe is in essence an attempt to put a stop to the fragmentation of water management policies and to integrate: upstream and downstream uses, land use planning, and water management. Water Law and Policy provides insights that can guide water development policies across national borders. It is a must-read for policymakers, water managers, and students who need to understand national and transnational water management.Less
This book examines water management in Europe, and the difficulties and policy dilemmas involved in creating integrated water management institutions. The book is unique in that it concentrates on institutional development, norms and guiding principles, implementation strategies, and public participation mechanisms at the local level, European Union level, and globally. The book examines the European Union Water Law and Policy as it was adopted at the beginning of 2000 and the attempt to apply integrated water management in Europe. Today, many speak of a water crisis in that the supply of water is unlikely to meet demand and because of pollution that mars many water ecosystems. Water is one of the most mismanaged natural resources. Deficient management policies and fragmented water management institutions can have catastrophic results for the management of water resources. In Europe, water management has been fragmented as states have used water resources within their borders often ignoring the impact of their actions on co-riparian states. The effort to apply integrated water management in Europe is in essence an attempt to put a stop to the fragmentation of water management policies and to integrate: upstream and downstream uses, land use planning, and water management. Water Law and Policy provides insights that can guide water development policies across national borders. It is a must-read for policymakers, water managers, and students who need to understand national and transnational water management.
Elli Louka
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195374131
- eISBN:
- 9780199871841
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374131.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law
This chapter discusses integrated water resources management (IWRM), which has been proposed as a means to redefine water management. Topics covered include basics of IWRM, international aspects of ...
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This chapter discusses integrated water resources management (IWRM), which has been proposed as a means to redefine water management. Topics covered include basics of IWRM, international aspects of IRWM, and making and applying decisions in water management.Less
This chapter discusses integrated water resources management (IWRM), which has been proposed as a means to redefine water management. Topics covered include basics of IWRM, international aspects of IRWM, and making and applying decisions in water management.
David Wainhouse
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198505648
- eISBN:
- 9780191728150
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198505648.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
This book aims to provide a critical appraisal of the theory and practice of key methods of forest pest management. The appropriate application of these ‘ecological methods’ in the development of ...
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This book aims to provide a critical appraisal of the theory and practice of key methods of forest pest management. The appropriate application of these ‘ecological methods’ in the development of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programmes depends on a clear understanding of pest biology and population dynamics, and an appreciation of the ecology and economic importance of both semi-natural and plantation forests. These aspects provide a focus for discussion throughout the book. The main themes of the first four chapters are the influence of forest composition and structure on the nature and severity of pest problems, the threat posed by the introduction of exotic pests in global trade, how risk-rating of forests can provide an early warning of outbreaks, and the role that silviculture can play in both contributing to and helping to reduce the impact of pests. The following four chapters discuss in turn the nature of tree resistance and its exploitation, the principles and practice of biological and microbial control, and the use of semiochemicals in manipulating insect populations. The final chapter on IPM includes a discussion of the economic and environmental impact of pests, with practical examples of IPM illustrated in a series of case studies. The potential impact of climate change is briefly discussed. Many of the examples and case studies relate to insect pests, but the term ‘pest’ is used in its widest sense to include fungal pathogens. Brief reference is also made to mammalian herbivores.Less
This book aims to provide a critical appraisal of the theory and practice of key methods of forest pest management. The appropriate application of these ‘ecological methods’ in the development of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programmes depends on a clear understanding of pest biology and population dynamics, and an appreciation of the ecology and economic importance of both semi-natural and plantation forests. These aspects provide a focus for discussion throughout the book. The main themes of the first four chapters are the influence of forest composition and structure on the nature and severity of pest problems, the threat posed by the introduction of exotic pests in global trade, how risk-rating of forests can provide an early warning of outbreaks, and the role that silviculture can play in both contributing to and helping to reduce the impact of pests. The following four chapters discuss in turn the nature of tree resistance and its exploitation, the principles and practice of biological and microbial control, and the use of semiochemicals in manipulating insect populations. The final chapter on IPM includes a discussion of the economic and environmental impact of pests, with practical examples of IPM illustrated in a series of case studies. The potential impact of climate change is briefly discussed. Many of the examples and case studies relate to insect pests, but the term ‘pest’ is used in its widest sense to include fungal pathogens. Brief reference is also made to mammalian herbivores.
Philippe Cullet
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199546237
- eISBN:
- 9780191705519
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199546237.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Environmental and Energy Law
This chapter analyzes the policy context within which water law reforms are introduced. It examines the basic principles that underlie existing water sector reforms, in particular the concept of ...
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This chapter analyzes the policy context within which water law reforms are introduced. It examines the basic principles that underlie existing water sector reforms, in particular the concept of integrated water resources management, the focus on water conservation, water as a basic need, water as an economic good, decentralization and participation, and governance and institutional changes. It considers the policy framework that has steered water sector reforms over the past two decades. It focuses in particular on the international policy framework and the role of development banks in fostering the adoption of these principles at the national level. It then analyzes water policies adopted at the national and state level, and discusses the shift towards an emphasis on water law reforms as one of the key elements contributing to the overall process of reform in the water sector.Less
This chapter analyzes the policy context within which water law reforms are introduced. It examines the basic principles that underlie existing water sector reforms, in particular the concept of integrated water resources management, the focus on water conservation, water as a basic need, water as an economic good, decentralization and participation, and governance and institutional changes. It considers the policy framework that has steered water sector reforms over the past two decades. It focuses in particular on the international policy framework and the role of development banks in fostering the adoption of these principles at the national level. It then analyzes water policies adopted at the national and state level, and discusses the shift towards an emphasis on water law reforms as one of the key elements contributing to the overall process of reform in the water sector.
Elli Louka
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195374131
- eISBN:
- 9780199871841
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374131.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law
This chapter discusses water management in the European Union. Topics covered include the adoption of the water framework directive in 2000, instituting public participation in water management, and ...
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This chapter discusses water management in the European Union. Topics covered include the adoption of the water framework directive in 2000, instituting public participation in water management, and making water policy matter.Less
This chapter discusses water management in the European Union. Topics covered include the adoption of the water framework directive in 2000, instituting public participation in water management, and making water policy matter.
Elli Louka
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195374131
- eISBN:
- 9780199871841
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374131.003.0026
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law
This chapter discusses future directions for the EU implementation of integrated water resources management (IWRM). Topics covered include the advantages of centralization, multilevel coordination, ...
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This chapter discusses future directions for the EU implementation of integrated water resources management (IWRM). Topics covered include the advantages of centralization, multilevel coordination, parallel coordinating processes, decentralizing through participation, and organization of participation.Less
This chapter discusses future directions for the EU implementation of integrated water resources management (IWRM). Topics covered include the advantages of centralization, multilevel coordination, parallel coordinating processes, decentralizing through participation, and organization of participation.
Philippe Cullet
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199546237
- eISBN:
- 9780191705519
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199546237.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Environmental and Energy Law
With the world's supply of fresh water looking increasingly threatened, water law has gained tremendous importance in the last few years. This subject has however received remarkably little academic ...
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With the world's supply of fresh water looking increasingly threatened, water law has gained tremendous importance in the last few years. This subject has however received remarkably little academic attention. This book examines water law reforms from a national and international perspective. It analyzes existing and evolving water law in its broader context, which includes the environmental, social, economic, and human rights aspects of water. This book focuses on water sector reforms, and more specifically water law reforms in India. India is perfectly placed for this analysis. On the one hand, its existing water law is characterized by the absence of a framework water legislation and its fragmented development on a sectoral basis through a variety of mechanisms, ranging from common law principles to statutes and judicial decisions. On the other hand, Indian water law is currently in the process of extensive reform. These reforms are based on the principles of water sector reforms rather than on a critical analysis of existing water law. This is further complicated by the fact that reforms are often linked to World Bank or Asian Development Projects or loans, which may come with law-related conditions attached. Ongoing water law reforms are on the whole based on a relatively narrow set of principles focusing on management concerns in the water sector. The conceptual framework that informs current water law reforms insufficiently addresses the human right, social, and environmental dimensions of water. A paradigm change is required in the conceptualization of water law reforms. This change needs to recognise water's vital role in poverty eradication and the realisation of a sustainable process of development. A series of alternative bases for reform based on human dignity, equity, and sustainability are thus proposed in this book.Less
With the world's supply of fresh water looking increasingly threatened, water law has gained tremendous importance in the last few years. This subject has however received remarkably little academic attention. This book examines water law reforms from a national and international perspective. It analyzes existing and evolving water law in its broader context, which includes the environmental, social, economic, and human rights aspects of water. This book focuses on water sector reforms, and more specifically water law reforms in India. India is perfectly placed for this analysis. On the one hand, its existing water law is characterized by the absence of a framework water legislation and its fragmented development on a sectoral basis through a variety of mechanisms, ranging from common law principles to statutes and judicial decisions. On the other hand, Indian water law is currently in the process of extensive reform. These reforms are based on the principles of water sector reforms rather than on a critical analysis of existing water law. This is further complicated by the fact that reforms are often linked to World Bank or Asian Development Projects or loans, which may come with law-related conditions attached. Ongoing water law reforms are on the whole based on a relatively narrow set of principles focusing on management concerns in the water sector. The conceptual framework that informs current water law reforms insufficiently addresses the human right, social, and environmental dimensions of water. A paradigm change is required in the conceptualization of water law reforms. This change needs to recognise water's vital role in poverty eradication and the realisation of a sustainable process of development. A series of alternative bases for reform based on human dignity, equity, and sustainability are thus proposed in this book.
Gustavio Bwoch and Robert Muwanga
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199556229
- eISBN:
- 9780191721823
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199556229.003.0015
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Macro- and Monetary Economics, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Macroeconomic stability and increased growth were achieved in the early 1990s despite very weak financial management and accountability systems. This chapter shows how these weaknesses became even ...
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Macroeconomic stability and increased growth were achieved in the early 1990s despite very weak financial management and accountability systems. This chapter shows how these weaknesses became even more pronounced following the adoption of the 1995 Constitution, decentralization, expanding budgetary demands, and the requirements of the Poverty Eradication Acton Plan, among others. Strengthening public financial management and accountability was critical if progress was to be sustained and if donors were to be persuaded to channel more aid through government systems. Yet in 1998 the entire government had just two professional accountants. The chapter presents the key reforms adopted to strengthen financial management and accountability, looking at changes in the areas of the legal and policy framework, institutional capacity building, and processes and systems, particularly the introduction of the Integrated Financial Management System.Less
Macroeconomic stability and increased growth were achieved in the early 1990s despite very weak financial management and accountability systems. This chapter shows how these weaknesses became even more pronounced following the adoption of the 1995 Constitution, decentralization, expanding budgetary demands, and the requirements of the Poverty Eradication Acton Plan, among others. Strengthening public financial management and accountability was critical if progress was to be sustained and if donors were to be persuaded to channel more aid through government systems. Yet in 1998 the entire government had just two professional accountants. The chapter presents the key reforms adopted to strengthen financial management and accountability, looking at changes in the areas of the legal and policy framework, institutional capacity building, and processes and systems, particularly the introduction of the Integrated Financial Management System.
David Wainhouse
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198505648
- eISBN:
- 9780191728150
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198505648.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
This final chapter draws together many of the themes previously discussed, with particular emphasis on detailed case studies. A brief introduction to the concept of integrated pest management (IPM) ...
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This final chapter draws together many of the themes previously discussed, with particular emphasis on detailed case studies. A brief introduction to the concept of integrated pest management (IPM) is followed by a discussion of the economic impact of pest damage through growth loss, effects on timber quality and mortality, and by a case study of the Tasmanian eucalyptus leaf beetle. Decision support and expert systems can aid decision making in IPM and this topic is discussed using the spruce budworm decision support system as an example. Examples of IPM in practice, prefaced by a discussion of the economic injury level, include the pine shoot beetle, spruce bark beetle, European woodwasp and the ‘slow-the-spread’ campaign against the gypsy moth in eastern North America. Future developments in IPM and possible effects of climate change on the distribution and impact of forest pests are briefly discussed.Less
This final chapter draws together many of the themes previously discussed, with particular emphasis on detailed case studies. A brief introduction to the concept of integrated pest management (IPM) is followed by a discussion of the economic impact of pest damage through growth loss, effects on timber quality and mortality, and by a case study of the Tasmanian eucalyptus leaf beetle. Decision support and expert systems can aid decision making in IPM and this topic is discussed using the spruce budworm decision support system as an example. Examples of IPM in practice, prefaced by a discussion of the economic injury level, include the pine shoot beetle, spruce bark beetle, European woodwasp and the ‘slow-the-spread’ campaign against the gypsy moth in eastern North America. Future developments in IPM and possible effects of climate change on the distribution and impact of forest pests are briefly discussed.
Elli Louka
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195374131
- eISBN:
- 9780199871841
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374131.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law
This chapter discusses the implementation of water management in the EU. Topics covered include the role of the European Commission, and developing, testing, and evaluating the implementation ...
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This chapter discusses the implementation of water management in the EU. Topics covered include the role of the European Commission, and developing, testing, and evaluating the implementation strategy for the water framework directive.Less
This chapter discusses the implementation of water management in the EU. Topics covered include the role of the European Commission, and developing, testing, and evaluating the implementation strategy for the water framework directive.
William V. Rapp
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195148138
- eISBN:
- 9780199849376
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195148138.003.0004
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology
Level 3 IT users understand how important product and service differentiation is for the industry, thus these companies are most likely to possess the ability to alter how the behavior of their ...
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Level 3 IT users understand how important product and service differentiation is for the industry, thus these companies are most likely to possess the ability to alter how the behavior of their suppliers and clients in a manner that would benefit the company in terms of the industry's competitive dynamics. Such a situation implies that competitor firms are either involved in an on-line network that a lead strategist manages or are considering the Level 3 IT user's systems as standards. This chapter illustrates how Level 3 IT users adopt totally integrated management (TIM) as their overall company strategy as TIM entails associating and linking all important aspects of the firm such as supply, production, and distribution, into a whole system.Less
Level 3 IT users understand how important product and service differentiation is for the industry, thus these companies are most likely to possess the ability to alter how the behavior of their suppliers and clients in a manner that would benefit the company in terms of the industry's competitive dynamics. Such a situation implies that competitor firms are either involved in an on-line network that a lead strategist manages or are considering the Level 3 IT user's systems as standards. This chapter illustrates how Level 3 IT users adopt totally integrated management (TIM) as their overall company strategy as TIM entails associating and linking all important aspects of the firm such as supply, production, and distribution, into a whole system.
Elli Louka
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195374131
- eISBN:
- 9780199871841
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374131.003.0025
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law
This chapter uses the Australian experience as a benchmark for measuring EU performance in practicing integrated water resources management (IWRM). The Murray-Darling Commission (MDC) in Australia ...
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This chapter uses the Australian experience as a benchmark for measuring EU performance in practicing integrated water resources management (IWRM). The Murray-Darling Commission (MDC) in Australia has been projected as a good illustration of IWRM.Less
This chapter uses the Australian experience as a benchmark for measuring EU performance in practicing integrated water resources management (IWRM). The Murray-Darling Commission (MDC) in Australia has been projected as a good illustration of IWRM.
Troy A. Pierce and Robert J. Geller
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195179477
- eISBN:
- 9780199864638
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195179477.003.0013
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Insects, rodents, and other animals frequently cohabit indoor and outdoor human settings. They become pests when they put human health or property at risk. This chapter provides an overview of the ...
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Insects, rodents, and other animals frequently cohabit indoor and outdoor human settings. They become pests when they put human health or property at risk. This chapter provides an overview of the various pests found in school environments and their effects on the health of students and staff. It then reviews the health effects of pesticides, discusses concept of integrated pest management (IPM), and explains how it can be implemented in schools.Less
Insects, rodents, and other animals frequently cohabit indoor and outdoor human settings. They become pests when they put human health or property at risk. This chapter provides an overview of the various pests found in school environments and their effects on the health of students and staff. It then reviews the health effects of pesticides, discusses concept of integrated pest management (IPM), and explains how it can be implemented in schools.
M. Dinesh Kumar
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780198099550
- eISBN:
- 9780199084517
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198099550.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This book is about sustainable urban water management for developing countries. It deals with holistically managing different aspects of urban water viz., water resources, water supplies, waste water ...
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This book is about sustainable urban water management for developing countries. It deals with holistically managing different aspects of urban water viz., water resources, water supplies, waste water generated from urban area and urban storm water, as integral components of the urban water cycle. It covers the entire gamut of issues in urban water management starting water supply, wastewater treatment, storm water management, water allocation and water resources management. It covers the hydrological, engineering, economic, social and institutional aspects of urban water management. Instead of offering ‘quick fix’ and easily implementable solutions for urban water problems, it systematically analyses the complex factors influencing the performance of urban water systems—water supply, wastewater treatment and drainage systems—and the institutions which manage them. It discusses some advanced concepts and practices that promote sustainable urban water management, which have been tried successfully in the developed countries. It also identifies the opportunities, constraint and challenges in implementing them in different physical, socio-economic, administrative and institutional settings that prevail in Indian cities and towns. In sum, it covers technical, economic, social, institutional, legal, and policy interventions of improving the governance and management of urban water systems for sustainability, efficiency, equity, and cost effectiveness in India. It also defines the criteria for choosing these interventions in a wide range of urban situations so as to improve the performance of urban water systems.Less
This book is about sustainable urban water management for developing countries. It deals with holistically managing different aspects of urban water viz., water resources, water supplies, waste water generated from urban area and urban storm water, as integral components of the urban water cycle. It covers the entire gamut of issues in urban water management starting water supply, wastewater treatment, storm water management, water allocation and water resources management. It covers the hydrological, engineering, economic, social and institutional aspects of urban water management. Instead of offering ‘quick fix’ and easily implementable solutions for urban water problems, it systematically analyses the complex factors influencing the performance of urban water systems—water supply, wastewater treatment and drainage systems—and the institutions which manage them. It discusses some advanced concepts and practices that promote sustainable urban water management, which have been tried successfully in the developed countries. It also identifies the opportunities, constraint and challenges in implementing them in different physical, socio-economic, administrative and institutional settings that prevail in Indian cities and towns. In sum, it covers technical, economic, social, institutional, legal, and policy interventions of improving the governance and management of urban water systems for sustainability, efficiency, equity, and cost effectiveness in India. It also defines the criteria for choosing these interventions in a wide range of urban situations so as to improve the performance of urban water systems.
Thomas Elmqvist
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199563562
- eISBN:
- 9780191774713
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563562.003.0023
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This section focuses on ecosystems, ecosystem services, and social systems in urban landscapes. It consists of five chapters that explore the complexity of urban social-ecological systems and the ...
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This section focuses on ecosystems, ecosystem services, and social systems in urban landscapes. It consists of five chapters that explore the complexity of urban social-ecological systems and the relationship between humans and ecosystems. In addition, the chapters consider ecosystem services from a global perspective and ask whether urbanisation is good or bad for the environment; argue that cities are connected social, cultural, and ecological systems; and emphasise the need for a holistic approach to governance and management. The section explains how the ecosystem approach can be used as a strategy for the integrated management of land, water, and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way. It also highlights the close cultural connection between urban settlements and wetland systems and argues that the ecosystem approach is also ideal for improved management and governance of constructed wetlands. Finally, it considers ecosystem services in the context of urban planning.Less
This section focuses on ecosystems, ecosystem services, and social systems in urban landscapes. It consists of five chapters that explore the complexity of urban social-ecological systems and the relationship between humans and ecosystems. In addition, the chapters consider ecosystem services from a global perspective and ask whether urbanisation is good or bad for the environment; argue that cities are connected social, cultural, and ecological systems; and emphasise the need for a holistic approach to governance and management. The section explains how the ecosystem approach can be used as a strategy for the integrated management of land, water, and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way. It also highlights the close cultural connection between urban settlements and wetland systems and argues that the ecosystem approach is also ideal for improved management and governance of constructed wetlands. Finally, it considers ecosystem services in the context of urban planning.
Maria Fay Rola-Rubzen, Renato Villano, Marcolino Estevão, Fernandes E. Brito, J. Brian Hardaker, and John Dixon
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- August 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190949501
- eISBN:
- 9780197528907
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190949501.003.0019
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) is a critical priority for East Timor. Food security, reducing poverty, and promoting environmental sustainability are among the key goals of ...
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Achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) is a critical priority for East Timor. Food security, reducing poverty, and promoting environmental sustainability are among the key goals of the Timor Leste Government, which supports the identification and uptake by farmers of technologies that will improve agricultural productivity. Integrated crop management (ICM) has the potential to contribute to SDG1 (end poverty), SDG2 (end hunger), and SDG13 (combat climate change) in East Timor. This chapter analyzes the effects of ICM technology in rice farming in Timor Leste. Using a survey sample of 400 rice farmers comprised of 246 ICM farmers and 154 non-ICM farmers in two main rice growing regions in Timor Leste, a propensity score matching approach was used to obtain matched and comparable observations. The consequences of ICM technology adoption on production and outcome variables were evaluated using a treatment effects model. Results showed significant differences in outcomes between ICM farmers and non-ICM farmers, with ICM farmers having significantly higher yields and incomes; male farmers were more likely to adopt the technology than females, presumably because agricultural training sessions are mostly attended by men. Thus to promote gender equality (SDG5), training and extension should be made available to both men and women. Making extension of ICM technology to smallholder farmers (both men and women) more effective is therefore important in efforts to expand ICM adoption in the country and promote SDGs 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, and 13.Less
Achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) is a critical priority for East Timor. Food security, reducing poverty, and promoting environmental sustainability are among the key goals of the Timor Leste Government, which supports the identification and uptake by farmers of technologies that will improve agricultural productivity. Integrated crop management (ICM) has the potential to contribute to SDG1 (end poverty), SDG2 (end hunger), and SDG13 (combat climate change) in East Timor. This chapter analyzes the effects of ICM technology in rice farming in Timor Leste. Using a survey sample of 400 rice farmers comprised of 246 ICM farmers and 154 non-ICM farmers in two main rice growing regions in Timor Leste, a propensity score matching approach was used to obtain matched and comparable observations. The consequences of ICM technology adoption on production and outcome variables were evaluated using a treatment effects model. Results showed significant differences in outcomes between ICM farmers and non-ICM farmers, with ICM farmers having significantly higher yields and incomes; male farmers were more likely to adopt the technology than females, presumably because agricultural training sessions are mostly attended by men. Thus to promote gender equality (SDG5), training and extension should be made available to both men and women. Making extension of ICM technology to smallholder farmers (both men and women) more effective is therefore important in efforts to expand ICM adoption in the country and promote SDGs 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, and 13.
Violeta Moreno-Lax
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198701002
- eISBN:
- 9780191770517
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198701002.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
Since the communautarisation of the Schengen acquis, the EU is meant to build a system of ‘integrated border management’ (IBM) to help ensuring the administration of migratory flows ‘at all their ...
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Since the communautarisation of the Schengen acquis, the EU is meant to build a system of ‘integrated border management’ (IBM) to help ensuring the administration of migratory flows ‘at all their stages’. The idea is that effective entry control cannot be based solely on checks at the external borders of the Member States but ‘must cover every step taken by a third country national from the time he begins his journey to the time he reaches his destination’. EU entry/pre-entry controls thus comprise a series of extraterritorial measures carried out abroad. This chapter describes this evolution in detail. It traces the origins and development of IBM, covering institutional, constitutional, as well as legal and political changes to the present day. The recognition that the ‘strengthening of European border controls should not prevent access to protection systems by those people entitled to benefit under them’ is introduced also at this stage, providing the starting point to the entire research.Less
Since the communautarisation of the Schengen acquis, the EU is meant to build a system of ‘integrated border management’ (IBM) to help ensuring the administration of migratory flows ‘at all their stages’. The idea is that effective entry control cannot be based solely on checks at the external borders of the Member States but ‘must cover every step taken by a third country national from the time he begins his journey to the time he reaches his destination’. EU entry/pre-entry controls thus comprise a series of extraterritorial measures carried out abroad. This chapter describes this evolution in detail. It traces the origins and development of IBM, covering institutional, constitutional, as well as legal and political changes to the present day. The recognition that the ‘strengthening of European border controls should not prevent access to protection systems by those people entitled to benefit under them’ is introduced also at this stage, providing the starting point to the entire research.
