Arthur Miller and Ola Listhaug
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198295686
- eISBN:
- 9780191600043
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198295685.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Previous chapters have demonstrated that low and declining citizen respect for government institutions and political leaders is characteristic of contemporary industrialized societies. Evidence since ...
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Previous chapters have demonstrated that low and declining citizen respect for government institutions and political leaders is characteristic of contemporary industrialized societies. Evidence since the early 1970s reveals a trend toward growing distrust of government institutions in a number of countries. While this trend is evident, the interpretation of this phenomenon has proved far more controversial. One explanation focuses upon public dissatisfaction with government performance. This chapter explores this question. First, it examines the direct link between government performance, as measured by objective indicators of inflation, unemployment, or government deficits, and institutional confidence in support for government. It then considers the dynamics of political trust and government performance, before moving on to examine the role that expectations play in translating evaluations of government performance into political distrust in three countries where long‐term time‐series data are available—the US, Norway, and Sweden. The study explores how ethical expectations about government standards influence trust in politicians and the conclusion draws some general lessons from the results. The survey data employed in the analysis include the 1990–1 World Values Survey, the Norwegian, Swedish, and US Election Studies, surveys in the US, Russia, Ukraine, and Lithuania; data from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and OECD are used to measure inflation, unemployment, and government deficits.Less
Previous chapters have demonstrated that low and declining citizen respect for government institutions and political leaders is characteristic of contemporary industrialized societies. Evidence since the early 1970s reveals a trend toward growing distrust of government institutions in a number of countries. While this trend is evident, the interpretation of this phenomenon has proved far more controversial. One explanation focuses upon public dissatisfaction with government performance. This chapter explores this question. First, it examines the direct link between government performance, as measured by objective indicators of inflation, unemployment, or government deficits, and institutional confidence in support for government. It then considers the dynamics of political trust and government performance, before moving on to examine the role that expectations play in translating evaluations of government performance into political distrust in three countries where long‐term time‐series data are available—the US, Norway, and Sweden. The study explores how ethical expectations about government standards influence trust in politicians and the conclusion draws some general lessons from the results. The survey data employed in the analysis include the 1990–1 World Values Survey, the Norwegian, Swedish, and US Election Studies, surveys in the US, Russia, Ukraine, and Lithuania; data from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and OECD are used to measure inflation, unemployment, and government deficits.
Pippa Norris
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195176360
- eISBN:
- 9780199865598
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195176360.003.03
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter seeks to explain the decline of trust of social and political institutions through three theories: institutional performance-based accounts, social capital theories, and cultural ...
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This chapter seeks to explain the decline of trust of social and political institutions through three theories: institutional performance-based accounts, social capital theories, and cultural accounts based on modernization theory. It also sheds light on confidence trends in thirteen institutions from the General Social Survey and suggests factors that can explain these trends. Based on this analysis, the implications for the future of healthcare and patient-doctor relations are explored.Less
This chapter seeks to explain the decline of trust of social and political institutions through three theories: institutional performance-based accounts, social capital theories, and cultural accounts based on modernization theory. It also sheds light on confidence trends in thirteen institutions from the General Social Survey and suggests factors that can explain these trends. Based on this analysis, the implications for the future of healthcare and patient-doctor relations are explored.
Chi-yue Chiu and Letty Y.-Y. Kwan
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190455675
- eISBN:
- 9780190883317
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190455675.003.0004
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Innovation performance differs across nations. Within the same nation, innovation performance also varies across time. In the first part of this chapter, we discuss some cultural, political, and ...
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Innovation performance differs across nations. Within the same nation, innovation performance also varies across time. In the first part of this chapter, we discuss some cultural, political, and institutional factors that explain historical variations in a country’s innovation performance. In the second part of this chapter, using the multinational data from the Global Innovation Index (GII), we focus on the extent to which people in a country rely on financial institutions to mitigate risks in daily life as a proximal predictor of innovation performance at the national level. We argue that the tendency to rely on formal institutions to mitigate risks in everyday life reflects the level of institutional trust, which is a factor that contributes to both cross-national and historical variations in innovation performance. We further argue that institutional trust plays a particularly important role in promoting innovation in countries that lack strong institutional support for innovation.Less
Innovation performance differs across nations. Within the same nation, innovation performance also varies across time. In the first part of this chapter, we discuss some cultural, political, and institutional factors that explain historical variations in a country’s innovation performance. In the second part of this chapter, using the multinational data from the Global Innovation Index (GII), we focus on the extent to which people in a country rely on financial institutions to mitigate risks in daily life as a proximal predictor of innovation performance at the national level. We argue that the tendency to rely on formal institutions to mitigate risks in everyday life reflects the level of institutional trust, which is a factor that contributes to both cross-national and historical variations in innovation performance. We further argue that institutional trust plays a particularly important role in promoting innovation in countries that lack strong institutional support for innovation.
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781846318177
- eISBN:
- 9781846317729
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846317729.005
- Subject:
- History, Economic History
This chapter examines the issue of trust in British Atlantic trade during the period from 1750 to 1815. It considers the emotive nature of trust and discusses the distinction and interconnections ...
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This chapter examines the issue of trust in British Atlantic trade during the period from 1750 to 1815. It considers the emotive nature of trust and discusses the distinction and interconnections among personal trust, institutional trust (assurance) and general trust (confidence). The analysis indicates that during this period, personal trust was extremely important, whether ascribed or process based. This chapter also suggests that the institution of the business culture, straddling the boundaries of personal and institutional trust, allowed the British-Atlantic trading community to keep functioning.Less
This chapter examines the issue of trust in British Atlantic trade during the period from 1750 to 1815. It considers the emotive nature of trust and discusses the distinction and interconnections among personal trust, institutional trust (assurance) and general trust (confidence). The analysis indicates that during this period, personal trust was extremely important, whether ascribed or process based. This chapter also suggests that the institution of the business culture, straddling the boundaries of personal and institutional trust, allowed the British-Atlantic trading community to keep functioning.
Bertrand Collomb
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198744283
- eISBN:
- 9780191805691
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198744283.003.0031
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability
Trust is essential to the exchanges in a free market economy. Personal trust between individual players becomes institutional trust in a larger, more complex and globalized economy. The last thirty ...
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Trust is essential to the exchanges in a free market economy. Personal trust between individual players becomes institutional trust in a larger, more complex and globalized economy. The last thirty years have seen a strong decline, in all countries, of trust in all types of institutions, including companies. To protect their reputation and image, companies tend to develop policies and compliance mechanisms, like regulation is developed to restore trust at the macro-economic level. But a compliance culture will not promote individual trust, and regulation alone will not restore public trust. Trust can only be base on ethics. A responsible behavior from business based on ethical standards, not legal compliance, is already developing and should become the norm, and the need and value of individual ethical behavior should be more widely taught and recognized.Less
Trust is essential to the exchanges in a free market economy. Personal trust between individual players becomes institutional trust in a larger, more complex and globalized economy. The last thirty years have seen a strong decline, in all countries, of trust in all types of institutions, including companies. To protect their reputation and image, companies tend to develop policies and compliance mechanisms, like regulation is developed to restore trust at the macro-economic level. But a compliance culture will not promote individual trust, and regulation alone will not restore public trust. Trust can only be base on ethics. A responsible behavior from business based on ethical standards, not legal compliance, is already developing and should become the norm, and the need and value of individual ethical behavior should be more widely taught and recognized.
Arpad Todor (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198796817
- eISBN:
- 9780191838484
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198796817.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, Political Economy
Although the Romanian institutional landscape and its policies have dramatically improved since the 1990s, the low institutional capacity of its tax system remains mysteriously constant, despite ...
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Although the Romanian institutional landscape and its policies have dramatically improved since the 1990s, the low institutional capacity of its tax system remains mysteriously constant, despite continued efforts at improvement in this area and the fact that experimental data show that Romanians have apparently high tax morale. This puzzling situation is tackled in this chapter by detailing the institutional legacies upon which the post-Communist tax system has been built and tracing the evolution of tax policies over a quarter of a century within the context of post-Communist transformations. The chapter offers a nuanced explanation based on a combination of policy inadequacy and instability, tax evasion and corruption, and low spending on infrastructure, all of which limit the chances of creating an adequate legitimacy for the tax system.Less
Although the Romanian institutional landscape and its policies have dramatically improved since the 1990s, the low institutional capacity of its tax system remains mysteriously constant, despite continued efforts at improvement in this area and the fact that experimental data show that Romanians have apparently high tax morale. This puzzling situation is tackled in this chapter by detailing the institutional legacies upon which the post-Communist tax system has been built and tracing the evolution of tax policies over a quarter of a century within the context of post-Communist transformations. The chapter offers a nuanced explanation based on a combination of policy inadequacy and instability, tax evasion and corruption, and low spending on infrastructure, all of which limit the chances of creating an adequate legitimacy for the tax system.
