Rita Claes, René Schalk, and Jeroen de Jong
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199542697
- eISBN:
- 9780191715389
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199542697.003.0009
- Subject:
- Business and Management, HRM / IR
The study was designed to explore the impact of any country differences on the use of and impact of temporary employment contracts. In addition, data were collected from three broad sectors to ...
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The study was designed to explore the impact of any country differences on the use of and impact of temporary employment contracts. In addition, data were collected from three broad sectors to represent different types of work. This chapter reports the effects of country and sector on the results. A first step was to agree a number of relevant dimensions on which to compare countries and a number of institutional and cultural factors were identified. However comparison across the six European countries and Israel revealed rather few differences of the sort that might be expected to have an impact on temporary employment. Despite this, there are large national differences in the use of temporary workers. The statistical analysis of our survey data reveals that the amount of variation in outcomes that can be explained by the country or sector level is small. It rarely exceeded ten per cent and was generally overwhelmed by the much greater influence of factors at the organizational and workplace levels.Less
The study was designed to explore the impact of any country differences on the use of and impact of temporary employment contracts. In addition, data were collected from three broad sectors to represent different types of work. This chapter reports the effects of country and sector on the results. A first step was to agree a number of relevant dimensions on which to compare countries and a number of institutional and cultural factors were identified. However comparison across the six European countries and Israel revealed rather few differences of the sort that might be expected to have an impact on temporary employment. Despite this, there are large national differences in the use of temporary workers. The statistical analysis of our survey data reveals that the amount of variation in outcomes that can be explained by the country or sector level is small. It rarely exceeded ten per cent and was generally overwhelmed by the much greater influence of factors at the organizational and workplace levels.
Masahisa Fujita and Ryoichi Ishii
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198296041
- eISBN:
- 9780191596070
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198296045.003.0015
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
Building on the experience of nine Japanese electronics firms after World War II, the authors look at the explanatory contribution of selective factor disadvantages operating at the country level ...
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Building on the experience of nine Japanese electronics firms after World War II, the authors look at the explanatory contribution of selective factor disadvantages operating at the country level (hard countries) and of local rivalry (the stimulus of pressures) to the survival and growth of these firms. Their argument, which stresses the spatial influence on firm strategy, is close to that of Enright in the previous chapter. Since Fujita and Ishii look at the global operations of their nine selected firms, they are also able bring to the fore the geographical dispersal and local spatially determined dynamics as they impact firm strategy. Their detailed analysis shows that globalization of the chosen firms is a function of the desire to remain competitive. However, it also notes that fundamental problems have arisen for the Japanese electronics industry as well as for the Japanese economy, and these are identified as primarily institutional and competitive in type.Less
Building on the experience of nine Japanese electronics firms after World War II, the authors look at the explanatory contribution of selective factor disadvantages operating at the country level (hard countries) and of local rivalry (the stimulus of pressures) to the survival and growth of these firms. Their argument, which stresses the spatial influence on firm strategy, is close to that of Enright in the previous chapter. Since Fujita and Ishii look at the global operations of their nine selected firms, they are also able bring to the fore the geographical dispersal and local spatially determined dynamics as they impact firm strategy. Their detailed analysis shows that globalization of the chosen firms is a function of the desire to remain competitive. However, it also notes that fundamental problems have arisen for the Japanese electronics industry as well as for the Japanese economy, and these are identified as primarily institutional and competitive in type.
Clara Irazábal
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813032818
- eISBN:
- 9780813039275
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813032818.003.0010
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
This chapter examines urban design and planning projects and processes in Curitiba, Brazil, which have been taking place since the 1960s. It discusses some political and institutional factors that ...
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This chapter examines urban design and planning projects and processes in Curitiba, Brazil, which have been taking place since the 1960s. It discusses some political and institutional factors that have facilitated the development of Curitiba's planning process, and some current urban governance and planning problems the city is facing. It argues that the institution of more effective citizen involvement in Curitiba's decision making is the way to relegitimize and continue the processes of urban design and planning that had such a brilliant start in the 1960s and a commendable implementation record from the 1970s to the early 1990s.Less
This chapter examines urban design and planning projects and processes in Curitiba, Brazil, which have been taking place since the 1960s. It discusses some political and institutional factors that have facilitated the development of Curitiba's planning process, and some current urban governance and planning problems the city is facing. It argues that the institution of more effective citizen involvement in Curitiba's decision making is the way to relegitimize and continue the processes of urban design and planning that had such a brilliant start in the 1960s and a commendable implementation record from the 1970s to the early 1990s.
Alex Balch
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719080722
- eISBN:
- 9781781701805
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719080722.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter presents the results of the research on labour migration policy change in Spain from 1995 to 2008. It briefly explores Spain's migratory history and potential intervening variables or ...
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This chapter presents the results of the research on labour migration policy change in Spain from 1995 to 2008. It briefly explores Spain's migratory history and potential intervening variables or broader institutional factors and associated discourses in Spain that are potentially relevant to subsequent discussions of policy towards labour migration. This study has identified two main shifts in policy. These are the restrictive approach where divergence between stakeholders and the government emerged after 2000 and the move to a more market-led, liberal approach after the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) election victory of 2004 and the subsequent amendment to the Immigration Act.Less
This chapter presents the results of the research on labour migration policy change in Spain from 1995 to 2008. It briefly explores Spain's migratory history and potential intervening variables or broader institutional factors and associated discourses in Spain that are potentially relevant to subsequent discussions of policy towards labour migration. This study has identified two main shifts in policy. These are the restrictive approach where divergence between stakeholders and the government emerged after 2000 and the move to a more market-led, liberal approach after the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) election victory of 2004 and the subsequent amendment to the Immigration Act.
Shizuka Oshitani
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719069383
- eISBN:
- 9781781701546
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719069383.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
This book attempts a systematic comparison of Japanese and British climate policy and politics. Focusing on institutional contrasts between Japan and Britain in terms of corporatist or pluralist ...
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This book attempts a systematic comparison of Japanese and British climate policy and politics. Focusing on institutional contrasts between Japan and Britain in terms of corporatist or pluralist characteristics of government-industry relations and decision-making and implementation styles, it examines how and to what extent institutions explain climate policy in the two countries. In doing this, the book explores how climate policy is shaped by the interplay of nationally specific institutional factors and universal constraints on actors, which emanate from characteristics of the global warming problem itself. It also considers how corporatist institutional characteristics may make a difference in attaining sustainable development. Overall, the book provides a set of comparisons of climate policy and new frameworks of analysis, which could be built on in future research on cross-national climate policy analysis.Less
This book attempts a systematic comparison of Japanese and British climate policy and politics. Focusing on institutional contrasts between Japan and Britain in terms of corporatist or pluralist characteristics of government-industry relations and decision-making and implementation styles, it examines how and to what extent institutions explain climate policy in the two countries. In doing this, the book explores how climate policy is shaped by the interplay of nationally specific institutional factors and universal constraints on actors, which emanate from characteristics of the global warming problem itself. It also considers how corporatist institutional characteristics may make a difference in attaining sustainable development. Overall, the book provides a set of comparisons of climate policy and new frameworks of analysis, which could be built on in future research on cross-national climate policy analysis.
David Brackett
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520225411
- eISBN:
- 9780520925700
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520225411.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
This chapter compares Bing Crosby and Billie Holiday's recorded renditions of the song I'll Be Seeing You. It highlights the differences in terms of the way the public and music industry treated ...
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This chapter compares Bing Crosby and Billie Holiday's recorded renditions of the song I'll Be Seeing You. It highlights the differences in terms of the way the public and music industry treated these performers and their recordings, the amount of radio play received, and the degree and kind of press coverage and quantity of copies bought. It explores the impact of institutional factors on the reception of a musician's work as well as the impact of these factors on the critical status and popularity of a performer.Less
This chapter compares Bing Crosby and Billie Holiday's recorded renditions of the song I'll Be Seeing You. It highlights the differences in terms of the way the public and music industry treated these performers and their recordings, the amount of radio play received, and the degree and kind of press coverage and quantity of copies bought. It explores the impact of institutional factors on the reception of a musician's work as well as the impact of these factors on the critical status and popularity of a performer.
Bruno S. Frey and Reto Cueni
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198723202
- eISBN:
- 9780191790294
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198723202.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Company and Commercial Law, Comparative Law
There is always the risk that a predominant opinion suppresses alternative arguments. Once such an opinion prevails in an organization, it imposes costs to everyone who contradicts. If these costs ...
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There is always the risk that a predominant opinion suppresses alternative arguments. Once such an opinion prevails in an organization, it imposes costs to everyone who contradicts. If these costs are high enough, agents in organizations keep their contrary private information secret. This initiates a drain of information in the organization, which can lead to herding behaviour and distorted decisions by employees. The financial crisis has made it clear that these costs of non-herding have led to wrong investment decisions in the financial sector, with detrimental effects for the corporation, their clients, and society as a whole. This chapter identifies the costs of non-herding for employees in financial firms and sheds light on the institutional factors that may raise or lower such costs. A number of interviews with employees in different positions are conducted, and comparative institutional analysis is used to contrast the diverse institutional factors across companies.Less
There is always the risk that a predominant opinion suppresses alternative arguments. Once such an opinion prevails in an organization, it imposes costs to everyone who contradicts. If these costs are high enough, agents in organizations keep their contrary private information secret. This initiates a drain of information in the organization, which can lead to herding behaviour and distorted decisions by employees. The financial crisis has made it clear that these costs of non-herding have led to wrong investment decisions in the financial sector, with detrimental effects for the corporation, their clients, and society as a whole. This chapter identifies the costs of non-herding for employees in financial firms and sheds light on the institutional factors that may raise or lower such costs. A number of interviews with employees in different positions are conducted, and comparative institutional analysis is used to contrast the diverse institutional factors across companies.
