Peter A. Gloor
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195304121
- eISBN:
- 9780199789771
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304121.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation
This book introduces a powerful new concept to the business world — Collaborative Innovation Networks (COINs). COINs have been around for hundreds of years, and many of us have already been a part ...
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This book introduces a powerful new concept to the business world — Collaborative Innovation Networks (COINs). COINs have been around for hundreds of years, and many of us have already been a part of a COIN without knowing it. What makes COINs so relevant today is that the concept has reached its tipping point, thanks to the communication capabilities of the Internet and the World Wide Web. A COIN is a cyberteam of self-motivated people with a collective vision, enabled by technology to collaborate in achieving a common goal — an innovation — by sharing ideas, information, and work. Working this way is key to successful innovation, and it is no exaggeration to state that COINs are the most productive engines of innovation ever. This book explores why COINs are so important to business success in the new century. It explains the traits that characterize COIN members and COIN behavior. It makes the case for why businesses ought to be rushing to uncover their COINs and nurture them, and provides tools for building organizations that are more creative, productive, and efficient by applying principles of creative collaboration, knowledge sharing, and social networking. Through real-life examples of COINs in several business sectors, the book shows how to leverage COINs to develop successful products in R&D, grow better customer relationships, establish better project management processes, and build higher-performing teams. There is even a method offered for locating, analyzing, and measuring the impact of COINs on an organization.Less
This book introduces a powerful new concept to the business world — Collaborative Innovation Networks (COINs). COINs have been around for hundreds of years, and many of us have already been a part of a COIN without knowing it. What makes COINs so relevant today is that the concept has reached its tipping point, thanks to the communication capabilities of the Internet and the World Wide Web. A COIN is a cyberteam of self-motivated people with a collective vision, enabled by technology to collaborate in achieving a common goal — an innovation — by sharing ideas, information, and work. Working this way is key to successful innovation, and it is no exaggeration to state that COINs are the most productive engines of innovation ever. This book explores why COINs are so important to business success in the new century. It explains the traits that characterize COIN members and COIN behavior. It makes the case for why businesses ought to be rushing to uncover their COINs and nurture them, and provides tools for building organizations that are more creative, productive, and efficient by applying principles of creative collaboration, knowledge sharing, and social networking. Through real-life examples of COINs in several business sectors, the book shows how to leverage COINs to develop successful products in R&D, grow better customer relationships, establish better project management processes, and build higher-performing teams. There is even a method offered for locating, analyzing, and measuring the impact of COINs on an organization.
Peter A. Gloor
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195304121
- eISBN:
- 9780199789771
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304121.003.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation
This introductory chapter offers a general definition of Collaborative Innovation Networks (COINs), lays out the motivation for why they matter to businesses, and presents the organization of the ...
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This introductory chapter offers a general definition of Collaborative Innovation Networks (COINs), lays out the motivation for why they matter to businesses, and presents the organization of the book. It also tells the story of how the World Wide Web evolved from the original visionary idea in the 1940s of linking information together electronically. This story introduces the concepts of swarm creativity, innovation, collaboration, and communication.Less
This introductory chapter offers a general definition of Collaborative Innovation Networks (COINs), lays out the motivation for why they matter to businesses, and presents the organization of the book. It also tells the story of how the World Wide Web evolved from the original visionary idea in the 1940s of linking information together electronically. This story introduces the concepts of swarm creativity, innovation, collaboration, and communication.
Andrew Sturdy, Karen Handley, Timothy Clark, and Robin Fincham
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199212644
- eISBN:
- 9780191707339
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199212644.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, Knowledge Management
Drawing on a three‐year, in‐depth, ‘fly‐on‐the‐wall’ study of client‐management consultant interactions, knowledge flow in management consultancy projects is shown to be mediated by multiple and ...
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Drawing on a three‐year, in‐depth, ‘fly‐on‐the‐wall’ study of client‐management consultant interactions, knowledge flow in management consultancy projects is shown to be mediated by multiple and shifting boundaries or ‘insider‐outsider’ relationships. This challenges dominant assumptions about management consultancy as being either a source of new ideas and processes or simply the legitimation of client knowledge. Rather, different actors, roles, and types of knowledge are involved in an interactive and dynamic process where various boundaries are constructed, reinforced, negotiated, and transformed. The chapters selectively explore these dynamics, revealing the importance of boundary complexity; the role of humour and challenge in often tense relationships; and the importance of shared knowledge domains such as sector knowledge. They are based upon a model of client–consultant relationships developed from theories of knowledge and social boundaries. A wide range of consultancy contexts are covered, including: a US‐based strategy firm and a multinational client; the public and private sectors; a sole practitioner consultant; and IT implementation in financial services. These have a wider significance in terms of our understanding of project working, innovation/change, inter-organizational relations and professional and business services.Less
Drawing on a three‐year, in‐depth, ‘fly‐on‐the‐wall’ study of client‐management consultant interactions, knowledge flow in management consultancy projects is shown to be mediated by multiple and shifting boundaries or ‘insider‐outsider’ relationships. This challenges dominant assumptions about management consultancy as being either a source of new ideas and processes or simply the legitimation of client knowledge. Rather, different actors, roles, and types of knowledge are involved in an interactive and dynamic process where various boundaries are constructed, reinforced, negotiated, and transformed. The chapters selectively explore these dynamics, revealing the importance of boundary complexity; the role of humour and challenge in often tense relationships; and the importance of shared knowledge domains such as sector knowledge. They are based upon a model of client–consultant relationships developed from theories of knowledge and social boundaries. A wide range of consultancy contexts are covered, including: a US‐based strategy firm and a multinational client; the public and private sectors; a sole practitioner consultant; and IT implementation in financial services. These have a wider significance in terms of our understanding of project working, innovation/change, inter-organizational relations and professional and business services.
Tito Boeri, Micael Castanheira, Riccardo Faini, Vincenzo Galasso, Giorgio Barba Navaretti, Carcillo Stéphane, Jonathan Haskel, Giuseppe Nicoletti, Enrico Perotti, Carlo Scarpa, Lidia Tsyganok, and Christian Wey
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199203628
- eISBN:
- 9780191708169
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199203628.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
Theory is not ambiguous about the impact of competition on economic performance. Empirical evidence, however, suggests that competition raises productivity. Both policy-makers and the academic ...
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Theory is not ambiguous about the impact of competition on economic performance. Empirical evidence, however, suggests that competition raises productivity. Both policy-makers and the academic community agree that the benefits of competition outweigh any eventual costs. Competition boosts the incentives for innovation and raises productivity growth of firms via the process of entry and exit.Less
Theory is not ambiguous about the impact of competition on economic performance. Empirical evidence, however, suggests that competition raises productivity. Both policy-makers and the academic community agree that the benefits of competition outweigh any eventual costs. Competition boosts the incentives for innovation and raises productivity growth of firms via the process of entry and exit.
Paul Stoneman
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199572489
- eISBN:
- 9780191722257
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199572489.003.0012
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation
This chapter considers policy issues. Given the potential benefits of soft innovation it is natural to consider whether government can speed up or extend such activity. However, this is not ...
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This chapter considers policy issues. Given the potential benefits of soft innovation it is natural to consider whether government can speed up or extend such activity. However, this is not necessarily welfare desirable. The real issue concerns whether markets will or will not, unaided, produce the welfare optimal outcome. The literature considered shows that this question cannot be answered irrefutably in either direction. Market failure is thus not a strong ground on which to base policy intervention. Alternatively, international comparisons of soft innovation performance may be used by governments as a basis for policy. The chapter shows that the UK is not the international leader in soft innovation. Looking at returns to the Community Innovation Survey provides some insight into barriers to innovations and may be argued to support certain policy interventions. There is also only limited evidence on the potential effectiveness of policies.Less
This chapter considers policy issues. Given the potential benefits of soft innovation it is natural to consider whether government can speed up or extend such activity. However, this is not necessarily welfare desirable. The real issue concerns whether markets will or will not, unaided, produce the welfare optimal outcome. The literature considered shows that this question cannot be answered irrefutably in either direction. Market failure is thus not a strong ground on which to base policy intervention. Alternatively, international comparisons of soft innovation performance may be used by governments as a basis for policy. The chapter shows that the UK is not the international leader in soft innovation. Looking at returns to the Community Innovation Survey provides some insight into barriers to innovations and may be argued to support certain policy interventions. There is also only limited evidence on the potential effectiveness of policies.
Adrienne Lehrer
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195307931
- eISBN:
- 9780199867493
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195307931.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Theoretical Linguistics
The vocabulary of wine is large and exceptionally vibrant—from straight-forward descriptive words like “sweet” and “fragrant”, colorful metaphors like “ostentatious” and “brash”, to the more ...
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The vocabulary of wine is large and exceptionally vibrant—from straight-forward descriptive words like “sweet” and “fragrant”, colorful metaphors like “ostentatious” and “brash”, to the more technical lexicon of biochemistry. The world of wine vocabulary is growing alongside the current popularity of wine itself, particularly as new words are employed by professional wine writers, who not only want to write interesting prose, but avoid repetition and cliché. The question is: what do these words mean? Can they actually reflect the objective characteristics of wine, and can two drinkers really use and understand these words in the same way? This book explores whether or not wine drinkers (both novices and experts) can in fact understand wine words in the same way. The conclusion, based on experimental results, is no. Even though experts do somewhat better than novices in some experiments, they tend to do well only on wines on which they are carefully trained and/or with which they are very familiar. Does this mean that the elaborate language we use to describe wine is essentially a charade? This book shows that although scientific wine writing requires a precise and shared use of language, drinking wine and talking about it in casual, informal setting with friends is different, and the conversational goals include social bonding as well as communicating information about the wine. The book also shows how language innovation and language play, clearly seen in the names of new wines and wineries, as well as wine descriptors, is yet another influence on the burgeoning and sometimes whimsical world of wine vocabulary.Less
The vocabulary of wine is large and exceptionally vibrant—from straight-forward descriptive words like “sweet” and “fragrant”, colorful metaphors like “ostentatious” and “brash”, to the more technical lexicon of biochemistry. The world of wine vocabulary is growing alongside the current popularity of wine itself, particularly as new words are employed by professional wine writers, who not only want to write interesting prose, but avoid repetition and cliché. The question is: what do these words mean? Can they actually reflect the objective characteristics of wine, and can two drinkers really use and understand these words in the same way? This book explores whether or not wine drinkers (both novices and experts) can in fact understand wine words in the same way. The conclusion, based on experimental results, is no. Even though experts do somewhat better than novices in some experiments, they tend to do well only on wines on which they are carefully trained and/or with which they are very familiar. Does this mean that the elaborate language we use to describe wine is essentially a charade? This book shows that although scientific wine writing requires a precise and shared use of language, drinking wine and talking about it in casual, informal setting with friends is different, and the conversational goals include social bonding as well as communicating information about the wine. The book also shows how language innovation and language play, clearly seen in the names of new wines and wineries, as well as wine descriptors, is yet another influence on the burgeoning and sometimes whimsical world of wine vocabulary.
Paul Stoneman
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199572489
- eISBN:
- 9780191722257
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199572489.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation
This chapter introduces the issues and provides a fuller argument as to why soft innovation, conceptually, is important. Innovation that encompasses the artistic, formal (as in the contrast between ...
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This chapter introduces the issues and provides a fuller argument as to why soft innovation, conceptually, is important. Innovation that encompasses the artistic, formal (as in the contrast between form and function), intellectual or aesthetic, has largely been ignored in the mainstream literature on innovation. At the centre of the analysis here is a form of innovation labelled soft innovation, defined to encompass changes in goods and services that primarily impact upon these aspects rather than functional performance. Soft innovation mainly concerns product innovation and product differentiation. The emphasis upon product differentiation means that economic analysis designed for exploring (static) models in differentiated markets can be brought to bear upon dynamic questions relating to innovation. Innovation in terms of new product launches in such markets may reflect either movements towards equilibrium or changes in the equilibrium. Two main types of soft innovation are detailed: the first involving changes in products in the creative industries; the second involving changes in the aesthetic/intellectual dimensions of products in other industries.Less
This chapter introduces the issues and provides a fuller argument as to why soft innovation, conceptually, is important. Innovation that encompasses the artistic, formal (as in the contrast between form and function), intellectual or aesthetic, has largely been ignored in the mainstream literature on innovation. At the centre of the analysis here is a form of innovation labelled soft innovation, defined to encompass changes in goods and services that primarily impact upon these aspects rather than functional performance. Soft innovation mainly concerns product innovation and product differentiation. The emphasis upon product differentiation means that economic analysis designed for exploring (static) models in differentiated markets can be brought to bear upon dynamic questions relating to innovation. Innovation in terms of new product launches in such markets may reflect either movements towards equilibrium or changes in the equilibrium. Two main types of soft innovation are detailed: the first involving changes in products in the creative industries; the second involving changes in the aesthetic/intellectual dimensions of products in other industries.
Fernando Vega-Redondo (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198774723
- eISBN:
- 9780191596971
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198774729.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
The book covers the modern developments in Evolutionary Game Theory, with an emphasis on economic contexts and applications. It begins with the basic ideas as they originated within the field of ...
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The book covers the modern developments in Evolutionary Game Theory, with an emphasis on economic contexts and applications. It begins with the basic ideas as they originated within the field of theoretical biology, focusing on the core notions of Evolutionarily Stable Strategy and Replicator Dynamics. Both the static and dynamic approaches of this biological literature are presented in detail, and the general analysis illustrated with numerous examples. It then proceeds to the formulation of a theoretical framework that is suitable for the study of social and economic phenomena from an evolutionary perspective. After a discussion of strictly deterministic dynamic models, stochastic perturbations are introduced in order to account for the social‐ and individual‐based sources of ‘noise’ (including aggregate shocks, agents’ experimentation, and population renewal), which play an important role in evolutionary processes.Evolutionary Theory has become one of the leading approaches to understanding bounded rationality, learning, and change in complex social environments. The recent boom experienced by this discipline makes this book's systematic presentation of its fundamental contributions essential reading for any newcomer to the field. In addition, new avenues of research are suggested, and plentiful examples illustrate the theory's potential applications.Less
The book covers the modern developments in Evolutionary Game Theory, with an emphasis on economic contexts and applications. It begins with the basic ideas as they originated within the field of theoretical biology, focusing on the core notions of Evolutionarily Stable Strategy and Replicator Dynamics. Both the static and dynamic approaches of this biological literature are presented in detail, and the general analysis illustrated with numerous examples. It then proceeds to the formulation of a theoretical framework that is suitable for the study of social and economic phenomena from an evolutionary perspective. After a discussion of strictly deterministic dynamic models, stochastic perturbations are introduced in order to account for the social‐ and individual‐based sources of ‘noise’ (including aggregate shocks, agents’ experimentation, and population renewal), which play an important role in evolutionary processes.
Evolutionary Theory has become one of the leading approaches to understanding bounded rationality, learning, and change in complex social environments. The recent boom experienced by this discipline makes this book's systematic presentation of its fundamental contributions essential reading for any newcomer to the field. In addition, new avenues of research are suggested, and plentiful examples illustrate the theory's potential applications.
Paul Geroski
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199248896
- eISBN:
- 9780191596308
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199248893.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
Sheds some light on how markets develop. In particular, it suggests that the ‘new economy’ is not much different from the ‘old economy’ and that in general, the early evolution of markets can ...
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Sheds some light on how markets develop. In particular, it suggests that the ‘new economy’ is not much different from the ‘old economy’ and that in general, the early evolution of markets can significantly shape their later structure. The main arguments are elaborated in four chapters, each of them extensively illustrated with product‐case studies (internet, automobiles, television, or mobile phones, etc.). Ch. 2 explores the drivers of innovation and concludes that new technologies are basically pushed on to the market from the supply side. Ch. 3 looks at the dynamics of entry in a new market. Ch. 4 deals with the emergence of a dominant design as a consensus good. Ch. 5 shows how the dominant design shapes the nature of the competition in the new mass market and describes the logistical growth pattern characteristic of most new markets. The last chapter is devoted to sketch out the basic features of market evolution that follow from the events in the early stages of development.Less
Sheds some light on how markets develop. In particular, it suggests that the ‘new economy’ is not much different from the ‘old economy’ and that in general, the early evolution of markets can significantly shape their later structure. The main arguments are elaborated in four chapters, each of them extensively illustrated with product‐case studies (internet, automobiles, television, or mobile phones, etc.). Ch. 2 explores the drivers of innovation and concludes that new technologies are basically pushed on to the market from the supply side. Ch. 3 looks at the dynamics of entry in a new market. Ch. 4 deals with the emergence of a dominant design as a consensus good. Ch. 5 shows how the dominant design shapes the nature of the competition in the new mass market and describes the logistical growth pattern characteristic of most new markets. The last chapter is devoted to sketch out the basic features of market evolution that follow from the events in the early stages of development.
Tom Burns and G. M. Stalker
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198288787
- eISBN:
- 9780191684630
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198288787.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation, Organization Studies
First published in 1961, this book is a very influential book on organization theory and industrial sociology. The central theme of the book is the relationship between an organization and its ...
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First published in 1961, this book is a very influential book on organization theory and industrial sociology. The central theme of the book is the relationship between an organization and its environment — particularly technological and market innovations. Based on first-class scholarship, the book presents the now famous and ubiquitous classifications of ‘mechanistic’ and ‘organic’ systems. For this it has become justly famous, but the book is also a penetrating study of social systems within organizations and organizational dynamics.Less
First published in 1961, this book is a very influential book on organization theory and industrial sociology. The central theme of the book is the relationship between an organization and its environment — particularly technological and market innovations. Based on first-class scholarship, the book presents the now famous and ubiquitous classifications of ‘mechanistic’ and ‘organic’ systems. For this it has become justly famous, but the book is also a penetrating study of social systems within organizations and organizational dynamics.
Michael A. Carrier
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195342581
- eISBN:
- 9780199867035
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195342581.003.0016
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law
This concluding chapter synthesizes the benefits of treating the IP and antitrust laws together in seeking to foster innovation. It recounts the wide swath of the economy and expanse of cutting-edge ...
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This concluding chapter synthesizes the benefits of treating the IP and antitrust laws together in seeking to foster innovation. It recounts the wide swath of the economy and expanse of cutting-edge innovation topics covered by the proposals. It shows how the recommendations rescue Congress's intent, and recaps the nuance and practical nature of the proposals. It underscores the global appeal of the topics and analysis of the laws of Australia, China, the EU, India, Japan, and Korea. Finally it shows how the book seeks to carve out a greater role for innovation in copyright, patent, and antitrust law.Less
This concluding chapter synthesizes the benefits of treating the IP and antitrust laws together in seeking to foster innovation. It recounts the wide swath of the economy and expanse of cutting-edge innovation topics covered by the proposals. It shows how the recommendations rescue Congress's intent, and recaps the nuance and practical nature of the proposals. It underscores the global appeal of the topics and analysis of the laws of Australia, China, the EU, India, Japan, and Korea. Finally it shows how the book seeks to carve out a greater role for innovation in copyright, patent, and antitrust law.
Steven Brint
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691182667
- eISBN:
- 9780691184890
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.001.0001
- Subject:
- Education, Higher Education
Today's headlines suggest that universities' power to advance knowledge and shape American society is rapidly declining. But this book's author has tracked numerous trends demonstrating their ...
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Today's headlines suggest that universities' power to advance knowledge and shape American society is rapidly declining. But this book's author has tracked numerous trends demonstrating their vitality. After a recent period that witnessed soaring student enrollment and ample research funding, the book argues that universities are in a better position than ever before. Focusing on the years 1980–2015, it details the trajectory of American universities, which was influenced by evolving standards of disciplinary professionalism, market-driven partnerships (especially with scientific and technological innovators outside the academy), and the goal of social inclusion. Conflicts arose: academic entrepreneurs, for example, flouted their campus responsibilities, and departments faced backlash over the hiring of scholars with nontraditional research agendas. Nevertheless, educators' commitments to technological innovation and social diversity prevailed and created a new dynamism. The book documents these successes along with the challenges that result from rapid change. Today, knowledge-driven industries generate almost half of US GDP, but divisions by educational level split the American political order. Students flock increasingly to fields connected to the power centers of American life and steer away from the liberal arts. And opportunities for economic mobility are expanding even as academic expectations decline. In describing how universities can meet such challenges head on, especially in improving classroom learning, the book offers not only a clear-eyed perspective on the current state of American higher education but also a pragmatically optimistic vision for the future.Less
Today's headlines suggest that universities' power to advance knowledge and shape American society is rapidly declining. But this book's author has tracked numerous trends demonstrating their vitality. After a recent period that witnessed soaring student enrollment and ample research funding, the book argues that universities are in a better position than ever before. Focusing on the years 1980–2015, it details the trajectory of American universities, which was influenced by evolving standards of disciplinary professionalism, market-driven partnerships (especially with scientific and technological innovators outside the academy), and the goal of social inclusion. Conflicts arose: academic entrepreneurs, for example, flouted their campus responsibilities, and departments faced backlash over the hiring of scholars with nontraditional research agendas. Nevertheless, educators' commitments to technological innovation and social diversity prevailed and created a new dynamism. The book documents these successes along with the challenges that result from rapid change. Today, knowledge-driven industries generate almost half of US GDP, but divisions by educational level split the American political order. Students flock increasingly to fields connected to the power centers of American life and steer away from the liberal arts. And opportunities for economic mobility are expanding even as academic expectations decline. In describing how universities can meet such challenges head on, especially in improving classroom learning, the book offers not only a clear-eyed perspective on the current state of American higher education but also a pragmatically optimistic vision for the future.
Christopher Pollitt, Xavier Girre, Jeremy Lonsdale, Robert Mul, Hilkka Summa, and Marit Waerness
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198296003
- eISBN:
- 9780191685170
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198296003.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Public Management
Performance audit is now in fashion, but has in the past been a somewhat closed world, little studied by outsiders. Now an international team of researchers has studied the work of five national ...
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Performance audit is now in fashion, but has in the past been a somewhat closed world, little studied by outsiders. Now an international team of researchers has studied the work of five national audit offices – France, Finland, The Netherlands, Sweden, and the UK. The picture thus revealed contains elements of technical innovation, methodological challenge, and crucial strategic choice.Less
Performance audit is now in fashion, but has in the past been a somewhat closed world, little studied by outsiders. Now an international team of researchers has studied the work of five national audit offices – France, Finland, The Netherlands, Sweden, and the UK. The picture thus revealed contains elements of technical innovation, methodological challenge, and crucial strategic choice.
Judy B. Rosener
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195119145
- eISBN:
- 9780199854882
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195119145.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy
The United States has a large number of well-educated, experienced professional women ready, willing, and able to move into the boardrooms and executive suites of corporate America. They represent a ...
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The United States has a large number of well-educated, experienced professional women ready, willing, and able to move into the boardrooms and executive suites of corporate America. They represent a great, untapped economic resource and this book argues that this is America’s competitive secret. Drawing on in-depth interviews with top executives and middle managers, and the latest research on working women and organizational change, the author describes the unique contribution of female professionals. Her profiles of top women managers reveal that they cope well with ambiguity, are comfortable sharing power, and tend to empower others' leadership traits that lead to increased employee productivity, innovation, and profits. The book offers evidence that the changes that help organizations more fully utilize the talents of women are the same changes that will give them an important edge in today’s global workplace. The author explains why the glass ceiling still prevents many competent women from reaching the upper echelons of management. She analyses why women and men are perceived and evaluated differently at work, and provides new insight into the feelings of men who are asked to interact with women in new roles when there are few new rules. The book shows that removing the glass ceiling can no longer be viewed solely in terms of social equity—it is now an economic imperative.Less
The United States has a large number of well-educated, experienced professional women ready, willing, and able to move into the boardrooms and executive suites of corporate America. They represent a great, untapped economic resource and this book argues that this is America’s competitive secret. Drawing on in-depth interviews with top executives and middle managers, and the latest research on working women and organizational change, the author describes the unique contribution of female professionals. Her profiles of top women managers reveal that they cope well with ambiguity, are comfortable sharing power, and tend to empower others' leadership traits that lead to increased employee productivity, innovation, and profits. The book offers evidence that the changes that help organizations more fully utilize the talents of women are the same changes that will give them an important edge in today’s global workplace. The author explains why the glass ceiling still prevents many competent women from reaching the upper echelons of management. She analyses why women and men are perceived and evaluated differently at work, and provides new insight into the feelings of men who are asked to interact with women in new roles when there are few new rules. The book shows that removing the glass ceiling can no longer be viewed solely in terms of social equity—it is now an economic imperative.
David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195099171
- eISBN:
- 9780199854868
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195099171.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
If the defining goal of modern-day business can be isolated to just one item, it would be the search for competitive advantage. Competition is more intense than ever—technological innovation, ...
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If the defining goal of modern-day business can be isolated to just one item, it would be the search for competitive advantage. Competition is more intense than ever—technological innovation, consumer expectations, and government deregulation all combine to create more opportunities for new competitors to change the basic rules of the game. At the same time, most of the old reliable sources of competitive advantage are drying up: the strategies employed by GM, IBM, and AT&T to maintain their positions of dominance in the 1960s and 70s are now obsolete. The authors of this book argue that the last remaining source of truly sustainable competitive advantage lies in “organizational capabilities”: the unique ways each organization structures its work and motivates its people to achieve clearly articulated strategic objectives. The book argues that managers must understand the concepts and learn the skills involved in designing their organization to exploit their inherent strengths. All the reengineering, restructuring, and downsizing in the world will merely destabilize a company if the change doesn't address the fundamental patterns of performance—and if the change doesn't recognize the unique core competencies of that company. The authors draw upon specific cases to illustrate the design process in practice, and they provide a set of tools for using strategic organization design to gain competitive advantage. They present a design process, explore key decisions managers face, and list the guiding principles for incorporating the design function as a continuing and integral process.Less
If the defining goal of modern-day business can be isolated to just one item, it would be the search for competitive advantage. Competition is more intense than ever—technological innovation, consumer expectations, and government deregulation all combine to create more opportunities for new competitors to change the basic rules of the game. At the same time, most of the old reliable sources of competitive advantage are drying up: the strategies employed by GM, IBM, and AT&T to maintain their positions of dominance in the 1960s and 70s are now obsolete. The authors of this book argue that the last remaining source of truly sustainable competitive advantage lies in “organizational capabilities”: the unique ways each organization structures its work and motivates its people to achieve clearly articulated strategic objectives. The book argues that managers must understand the concepts and learn the skills involved in designing their organization to exploit their inherent strengths. All the reengineering, restructuring, and downsizing in the world will merely destabilize a company if the change doesn't address the fundamental patterns of performance—and if the change doesn't recognize the unique core competencies of that company. The authors draw upon specific cases to illustrate the design process in practice, and they provide a set of tools for using strategic organization design to gain competitive advantage. They present a design process, explore key decisions managers face, and list the guiding principles for incorporating the design function as a continuing and integral process.
Maureen McKelvey and Magnus Holmén (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199290475
- eISBN:
- 9780191603495
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199290474.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
This book addresses the nature of industrial dynamics, structural change, and transformation in our time. The central focus is on the question of evolutionary processes and complex transformation in ...
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This book addresses the nature of industrial dynamics, structural change, and transformation in our time. The central focus is on the question of evolutionary processes and complex transformation in the economy, with particular emphasis on the nature of flexibility and stability. The 19 authors — many of whom are leaders in their field — share a common approach to the economy as an inherently dynamic and complex system consisting of diverse components and activities, which are interacting and changing in different ways over time. Framing the book this way stresses the necessity of analyzing not only economic transformation, but also that diverse actors are deciding, doing, and acting in ways which affect the outcomes. The chapters are grouped within three themes: 1) Experimenting and Inertia, 2) Evolution and Adaptation of Structure, and 3) Innovating and Technological Transformation.Less
This book addresses the nature of industrial dynamics, structural change, and transformation in our time. The central focus is on the question of evolutionary processes and complex transformation in the economy, with particular emphasis on the nature of flexibility and stability. The 19 authors — many of whom are leaders in their field — share a common approach to the economy as an inherently dynamic and complex system consisting of diverse components and activities, which are interacting and changing in different ways over time. Framing the book this way stresses the necessity of analyzing not only economic transformation, but also that diverse actors are deciding, doing, and acting in ways which affect the outcomes. The chapters are grouped within three themes: 1) Experimenting and Inertia, 2) Evolution and Adaptation of Structure, and 3) Innovating and Technological Transformation.
Paul Stoneman
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199572489
- eISBN:
- 9780191722257
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199572489.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation
At its heart this book is about innovation and the innovation process. On the way, it considers culture and the cultural industries, aesthetics, creativity and the creative industries, and a number ...
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At its heart this book is about innovation and the innovation process. On the way, it considers culture and the cultural industries, aesthetics, creativity and the creative industries, and a number of other similar areas of study, but the common point of interest is innovation. One main purpose of the book is to argue that there is a type of innovation, here labelled soft innovation, primarily concerned with changes in products (and perhaps processes) of an aesthetic or intellectual nature, that has largely been ignored in the study of innovation prevalent in economics. Examples of innovations that, as a result of this refocusing, are here placed at the centre of the analysis, include the writing and publishing of a new book; the writing, production, and launching of a new movie/film; the development and launch of a new advertising promotion; the design and production of a new range of furniture; and architectural activity in the generation of new-built form designs. The realisation of the existence of soft innovation means that not only is innovation more widespread than previously thought, but may also take a different form than commonly considered. The book has three parts. Part 1 is concerned with attempts to define and measure the extent and nature of soft innovation, with Chapter 1 introducing and overviewing the whole. Part 2 of the book is directed towards the economic analysis of soft innovation. Part 3 of the book is concerned with impacts and implications.Less
At its heart this book is about innovation and the innovation process. On the way, it considers culture and the cultural industries, aesthetics, creativity and the creative industries, and a number of other similar areas of study, but the common point of interest is innovation. One main purpose of the book is to argue that there is a type of innovation, here labelled soft innovation, primarily concerned with changes in products (and perhaps processes) of an aesthetic or intellectual nature, that has largely been ignored in the study of innovation prevalent in economics. Examples of innovations that, as a result of this refocusing, are here placed at the centre of the analysis, include the writing and publishing of a new book; the writing, production, and launching of a new movie/film; the development and launch of a new advertising promotion; the design and production of a new range of furniture; and architectural activity in the generation of new-built form designs. The realisation of the existence of soft innovation means that not only is innovation more widespread than previously thought, but may also take a different form than commonly considered. The book has three parts. Part 1 is concerned with attempts to define and measure the extent and nature of soft innovation, with Chapter 1 introducing and overviewing the whole. Part 2 of the book is directed towards the economic analysis of soft innovation. Part 3 of the book is concerned with impacts and implications.
Hiroyuki Odagiri, Akira Goto, Atsushi Sunami, and Richard R. Nelson (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199574759
- eISBN:
- 9780191722660
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574759.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation
Economic development involves a process of catching up with leading countries at the time. Catch‐up is never achieved by investment in physical assets alone: also needed are the learning of modern ...
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Economic development involves a process of catching up with leading countries at the time. Catch‐up is never achieved by investment in physical assets alone: also needed are the learning of modern technologies and accumulation of a country's own technological capabilities. Nevertheless, most literature on economic development has paid scant attention to this technological aspect of catch‐up or at best assumed that developing countries can simply take advantage of the backlog of technologies practiced in advanced countries. Despite this assumption catch‐up can only occur with significant efforts and capacity. Moreover, the speed of catch‐up depends not just on the technological distance from the leaders but also on the country's social capability and legal, economic, and scientific institutions. One such institution is the regime of intellectual property rights (IPR), particularly patents. Patents may promote innovation and technology transfer. Yet they may prove to be barriers for developing countries that intend to acquire technologies through imitation and reverse‐engineering. Therefore, the current move to harmonize the IPR system internationally, such as the TRIPS agreement, may have unexpected consequences on developing countries. This book explores this issue through an in‐depth study of ten countries and one region, ranging from early developing countries (USA, Nordic countries, and Japan) and post‐World War II developing countries (Korea, Taiwan, and Israel) to more recent developing countries (Argentine, Brazil, China, India, and Thailand). These studies clearly indicate that the impact of IPR is complex and significantly varies across industries and across development stages.Less
Economic development involves a process of catching up with leading countries at the time. Catch‐up is never achieved by investment in physical assets alone: also needed are the learning of modern technologies and accumulation of a country's own technological capabilities. Nevertheless, most literature on economic development has paid scant attention to this technological aspect of catch‐up or at best assumed that developing countries can simply take advantage of the backlog of technologies practiced in advanced countries. Despite this assumption catch‐up can only occur with significant efforts and capacity. Moreover, the speed of catch‐up depends not just on the technological distance from the leaders but also on the country's social capability and legal, economic, and scientific institutions. One such institution is the regime of intellectual property rights (IPR), particularly patents. Patents may promote innovation and technology transfer. Yet they may prove to be barriers for developing countries that intend to acquire technologies through imitation and reverse‐engineering. Therefore, the current move to harmonize the IPR system internationally, such as the TRIPS agreement, may have unexpected consequences on developing countries. This book explores this issue through an in‐depth study of ten countries and one region, ranging from early developing countries (USA, Nordic countries, and Japan) and post‐World War II developing countries (Korea, Taiwan, and Israel) to more recent developing countries (Argentine, Brazil, China, India, and Thailand). These studies clearly indicate that the impact of IPR is complex and significantly varies across industries and across development stages.
Meir Pugatch, Morris Teubal, and Odeda Zlotnick
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199574759
- eISBN:
- 9780191722660
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574759.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation
This chapter discusses the experience of Israel. At the time of its independence in 1948, its people came from different parts of the world, providing them with international orientation from the ...
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This chapter discusses the experience of Israel. At the time of its independence in 1948, its people came from different parts of the world, providing them with international orientation from the beginning. As a result, many of the businesses targeted foreign markets, mainly USA and Europe, and were more concerned with the intellectual property regime in these foreign countries than Israel's own. Together with public support for innovation and military‐related expenditure, some startup firms, mainly in information technologies, grew and succeeded in IPO (initial public offering) or selling themselves. Another successful case is Teva, now the largest generic drug producer. It benefited from the patent law amendment in 1967, which allowed local firms to copy patented drugs if the patent owners did not market them in Israel. This provision was dropped after TRIPS; however, Teva had accumulated process technologies by then.Less
This chapter discusses the experience of Israel. At the time of its independence in 1948, its people came from different parts of the world, providing them with international orientation from the beginning. As a result, many of the businesses targeted foreign markets, mainly USA and Europe, and were more concerned with the intellectual property regime in these foreign countries than Israel's own. Together with public support for innovation and military‐related expenditure, some startup firms, mainly in information technologies, grew and succeeded in IPO (initial public offering) or selling themselves. Another successful case is Teva, now the largest generic drug producer. It benefited from the patent law amendment in 1967, which allowed local firms to copy patented drugs if the patent owners did not market them in Israel. This provision was dropped after TRIPS; however, Teva had accumulated process technologies by then.
D. Hugh Whittaker and Robert E. Cole (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199297320
- eISBN:
- 9780191711237
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199297320.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation
How did Japan fall from challenger to US hegemonic leadership in the high tech industries in the 1980s to stumbling giant by the turn of the last century? What did it do about it? This book examines ...
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How did Japan fall from challenger to US hegemonic leadership in the high tech industries in the 1980s to stumbling giant by the turn of the last century? What did it do about it? This book examines the challenges faced by Japan's high tech companies through successful emulation of some of their key practices by foreign competitors and the emergence of new competitive models linked to open innovation and modular production. High tech companies were slow to respond, relying at first on formulae which had worked in the past, but in a new environment, some of these traditional strengths had now become sources of weakness. Stability and success, moreover, had decreased their appetite for risk. Early in the new century, however, there were signs of a more concerted response, which opened up past practices to scrutiny and modification through selective learning and adaptation of the new models. The MOT (management of technology) movement provided a vehicle for this change. It was linked, in turn, to efforts to change the national innovation system, giving universities a more central role and encouraging spin-offs and startups. The book features contributions from scholars and practitioners who have distinctive insights into the nature of these challenges and responses. It includes introductory and concluding chapters with a discussion of knowledge management implications, a ‘reformed’ Japanese model, and a possible dual innovation system.Less
How did Japan fall from challenger to US hegemonic leadership in the high tech industries in the 1980s to stumbling giant by the turn of the last century? What did it do about it? This book examines the challenges faced by Japan's high tech companies through successful emulation of some of their key practices by foreign competitors and the emergence of new competitive models linked to open innovation and modular production. High tech companies were slow to respond, relying at first on formulae which had worked in the past, but in a new environment, some of these traditional strengths had now become sources of weakness. Stability and success, moreover, had decreased their appetite for risk. Early in the new century, however, there were signs of a more concerted response, which opened up past practices to scrutiny and modification through selective learning and adaptation of the new models. The MOT (management of technology) movement provided a vehicle for this change. It was linked, in turn, to efforts to change the national innovation system, giving universities a more central role and encouraging spin-offs and startups. The book features contributions from scholars and practitioners who have distinctive insights into the nature of these challenges and responses. It includes introductory and concluding chapters with a discussion of knowledge management implications, a ‘reformed’ Japanese model, and a possible dual innovation system.
