Anne-Lise Christensen, Elkhonon Goldberg, and Dmitri Bougakov (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195176704
- eISBN:
- 9780199864706
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195176704.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, History of Neuroscience
Alexandr Romanovich Luria was one of the foremost neuropsychologists of the 20th Century and the field of neuropsychology was created, in large part, due to his research on patients with brain ...
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Alexandr Romanovich Luria was one of the foremost neuropsychologists of the 20th Century and the field of neuropsychology was created, in large part, due to his research on patients with brain lesions during the Second World War. Throughout his career, his insights on thought processes and aphasias inspired and challenged the discipline and his students. Luria's Legacy in the 21st Century is a collection of essays by leading neuropsychologists and cognitive neuroscientists to honor Alexandr Romanovich Luria and to highlight the enduring impact of his legacy on cognitive neuroscience, clinical neuropsychology, and neurorehabilitation. A wide range of topics are covered, from functional neuroimaging in neuropsychology to bedside evaluation techniques. Several generations of neuropsychologists and cognitive neuroscientists are among contributors, including those who closely worked with Luria, their own students, and others influenced in their work by Luria's pioneering insights. Broad in scope and rich in detail, Luria's Legacy in the 21st Century provides a window into the world of the great neuropsychologist. Each essay suggests that Luria's impact will be felt far into the future.Less
Alexandr Romanovich Luria was one of the foremost neuropsychologists of the 20th Century and the field of neuropsychology was created, in large part, due to his research on patients with brain lesions during the Second World War. Throughout his career, his insights on thought processes and aphasias inspired and challenged the discipline and his students. Luria's Legacy in the 21st Century is a collection of essays by leading neuropsychologists and cognitive neuroscientists to honor Alexandr Romanovich Luria and to highlight the enduring impact of his legacy on cognitive neuroscience, clinical neuropsychology, and neurorehabilitation. A wide range of topics are covered, from functional neuroimaging in neuropsychology to bedside evaluation techniques. Several generations of neuropsychologists and cognitive neuroscientists are among contributors, including those who closely worked with Luria, their own students, and others influenced in their work by Luria's pioneering insights. Broad in scope and rich in detail, Luria's Legacy in the 21st Century provides a window into the world of the great neuropsychologist. Each essay suggests that Luria's impact will be felt far into the future.
William J. Koch, Kevin S. Douglas, Tonia L. Nicholls, and Melanie L. O'Neill
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195188288
- eISBN:
- 9780199870486
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195188288.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
Human emotional suffering has been studied for centuries, but the significance of psychological injuries within legal contexts has only recently been recognized. As the public becomes increasingly ...
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Human emotional suffering has been studied for centuries, but the significance of psychological injuries within legal contexts has only recently been recognized. As the public becomes increasingly aware of the ways in which mental health affects physical—and financial—well-being, psychological injuries comprise a rapidly growing set of personal injury insurance claims. Although the problems that people claim to suffer from are serious and often genuine, the largely subjective and unobservable nature of psychological conditions has led to much skepticism about the authenticity of psychological injury claims. Improved assessment methods and research on the economic and physical health consequences of psychological distress has resulted in exponential growth in the litigation related to such conditions. Integrating the history of psychological injuries both from legal and mental health perspectives, this book offers discussions of relevant statutory and case law. Focusing especially on post-traumatic stress disorder, it addresses the current status and empirical limitations of forensic assessments of psychological injuries and alerts to common vulnerabilities in expert evidence from mental health professionals. In addition, it also uses empirical research to provide the best forensic methods for assessing both clinical conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder and for alternative explanations such as malingering.Less
Human emotional suffering has been studied for centuries, but the significance of psychological injuries within legal contexts has only recently been recognized. As the public becomes increasingly aware of the ways in which mental health affects physical—and financial—well-being, psychological injuries comprise a rapidly growing set of personal injury insurance claims. Although the problems that people claim to suffer from are serious and often genuine, the largely subjective and unobservable nature of psychological conditions has led to much skepticism about the authenticity of psychological injury claims. Improved assessment methods and research on the economic and physical health consequences of psychological distress has resulted in exponential growth in the litigation related to such conditions. Integrating the history of psychological injuries both from legal and mental health perspectives, this book offers discussions of relevant statutory and case law. Focusing especially on post-traumatic stress disorder, it addresses the current status and empirical limitations of forensic assessments of psychological injuries and alerts to common vulnerabilities in expert evidence from mental health professionals. In addition, it also uses empirical research to provide the best forensic methods for assessing both clinical conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder and for alternative explanations such as malingering.
Eric A. Finkelstein, Phaedra S. Corso, and Ted R. Miller
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195179484
- eISBN:
- 9780199864621
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195179484.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Injuries are one of the most serious public health problems facing the United States today. Through premature death, disability, medical cost, and lost productivity, injuries impact the health and ...
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Injuries are one of the most serious public health problems facing the United States today. Through premature death, disability, medical cost, and lost productivity, injuries impact the health and welfare of all Americans. Deaths only begin to tell the story. Although many injuries are minor, a large proportion results in fractures, amputations, burns, or significant injuries that have far-reaching consequences. Now, for the first time in over fifteen years, there are comprehensive estimates of the impact of these injuries in economic terms. This book updates a landmark Report to Congress from 1989. Since that report, no undertaking has addressed the incidence and economic burden of injuries with more timely data, despite major changes in the fields of prevention, reporting and surveillance. Since the mid-eighties, new safety technologies have been developed to prevent injuries or to decrease the severity of injuries, and new policies and laws have been enacted to promote injury prevention. Chapter topics include incidence by detailed categorizations, lifetime medical costs, and productivity losses as a result of injuries, and a discussion of recent trends.Less
Injuries are one of the most serious public health problems facing the United States today. Through premature death, disability, medical cost, and lost productivity, injuries impact the health and welfare of all Americans. Deaths only begin to tell the story. Although many injuries are minor, a large proportion results in fractures, amputations, burns, or significant injuries that have far-reaching consequences. Now, for the first time in over fifteen years, there are comprehensive estimates of the impact of these injuries in economic terms. This book updates a landmark Report to Congress from 1989. Since that report, no undertaking has addressed the incidence and economic burden of injuries with more timely data, despite major changes in the fields of prevention, reporting and surveillance. Since the mid-eighties, new safety technologies have been developed to prevent injuries or to decrease the severity of injuries, and new policies and laws have been enacted to promote injury prevention. Chapter topics include incidence by detailed categorizations, lifetime medical costs, and productivity losses as a result of injuries, and a discussion of recent trends.
Susan Harkema, PhD, Andrea Behrman, PhD, PT, and Hugues Barbeau, PhD
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195342086
- eISBN:
- 9780199897063
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195342086.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Sensory and Motor Systems, Techniques
Locomotor training is an emerging rehabilitation intervention for recovery of function after neurologic injury or disease and the physiological basis and scientific evidence supporting its use is ...
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Locomotor training is an emerging rehabilitation intervention for recovery of function after neurologic injury or disease and the physiological basis and scientific evidence supporting its use is discussed in this book. The book also reviews physical rehabilitation for posture, standing, and walking from a historical perspective that provides a context for the emergence of locomotor training as an activity-based therapy after spinal cord injury (SCI) and stroke by implementing evidence-based practice providing new strategies to augment already successful therapeutic approaches. As an activity-based therapy, locomotor training provides activation of the neuromuscular system below the level of lesion with the goal of retraining the nervous system to recover specific motor tasks related to mobility, posture, standing, and walking. The book presents the four guiding principles that serve as the basis for clinical decisions throughout the three components of locomotor training. Successfully providing the locomotor training intervention is dependent on knowledge, skill, proper equipment and attire, and clinical decisions for progression. Community integration prepares the client for functioning at home and in the community. The primary goal of both overground assessment and community integration is to translate the capacity of the nervous system developed during step training to walking at home and in the community. The locomotor training intervention is implemented by identifying specific goals based on the current phase of recovery. Properly and continuously challenging clients to achieve higher levels of performance is critical to recovery. Even though the accomplished neural plasticity may not have yet resulted in reaching functional goals such as transferring, standing, or improvements in walking, the assessments in the phasing will show more incremental changes in neural recovery. The sequence of implementing these specific goals is based both on the scientific evidence and the experience of many physical therapists who have provided the intervention in research and clinical environments over the past decade.Less
Locomotor training is an emerging rehabilitation intervention for recovery of function after neurologic injury or disease and the physiological basis and scientific evidence supporting its use is discussed in this book. The book also reviews physical rehabilitation for posture, standing, and walking from a historical perspective that provides a context for the emergence of locomotor training as an activity-based therapy after spinal cord injury (SCI) and stroke by implementing evidence-based practice providing new strategies to augment already successful therapeutic approaches. As an activity-based therapy, locomotor training provides activation of the neuromuscular system below the level of lesion with the goal of retraining the nervous system to recover specific motor tasks related to mobility, posture, standing, and walking. The book presents the four guiding principles that serve as the basis for clinical decisions throughout the three components of locomotor training. Successfully providing the locomotor training intervention is dependent on knowledge, skill, proper equipment and attire, and clinical decisions for progression. Community integration prepares the client for functioning at home and in the community. The primary goal of both overground assessment and community integration is to translate the capacity of the nervous system developed during step training to walking at home and in the community. The locomotor training intervention is implemented by identifying specific goals based on the current phase of recovery. Properly and continuously challenging clients to achieve higher levels of performance is critical to recovery. Even though the accomplished neural plasticity may not have yet resulted in reaching functional goals such as transferring, standing, or improvements in walking, the assessments in the phasing will show more incremental changes in neural recovery. The sequence of implementing these specific goals is based both on the scientific evidence and the experience of many physical therapists who have provided the intervention in research and clinical environments over the past decade.
Huw Pryce
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203629
- eISBN:
- 9780191675904
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203629.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History, History of Religion
The relationship of Welsh law to the Catholic Church was characterized by co-operation rather than conflict. In terms of both textual production and legal practice, cyfraith Hywel relied — albeit to ...
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The relationship of Welsh law to the Catholic Church was characterized by co-operation rather than conflict. In terms of both textual production and legal practice, cyfraith Hywel relied — albeit to a greater degree in southern Wales than in Gwynedd — on ecclesiastical participation, which implies that at least some Welsh clergy held it to be a generally acceptable body of customary law. But this criticism seems not to have radically undermined the confidence of Welsh clerics in the law, for the compilations they copied and helped to compose implicitly reject any charges of immorality in their prologues, while giving at best limited and piecemeal recognition to the critics' standpoint regarding matters which excited controversy such as marriage and inheritance. There can be no doubt, then, that the clergy played a role in the production of lawbooks and in legal administration. The following chapters examine three topics that are dealt with in relatively full detail in the law-texts: offences by, and injuries to, clerics; ecclesiastical sanctuary; and the seignorial rights of churches.Less
The relationship of Welsh law to the Catholic Church was characterized by co-operation rather than conflict. In terms of both textual production and legal practice, cyfraith Hywel relied — albeit to a greater degree in southern Wales than in Gwynedd — on ecclesiastical participation, which implies that at least some Welsh clergy held it to be a generally acceptable body of customary law. But this criticism seems not to have radically undermined the confidence of Welsh clerics in the law, for the compilations they copied and helped to compose implicitly reject any charges of immorality in their prologues, while giving at best limited and piecemeal recognition to the critics' standpoint regarding matters which excited controversy such as marriage and inheritance. There can be no doubt, then, that the clergy played a role in the production of lawbooks and in legal administration. The following chapters examine three topics that are dealt with in relatively full detail in the law-texts: offences by, and injuries to, clerics; ecclesiastical sanctuary; and the seignorial rights of churches.
Lynne Dale Halamish and Doron Hermoni
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195325379
- eISBN:
- 9780199999811
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325379.003.0013
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine and Older People
This chapter examines the concept of freedom in relation to the experience of 25-year-old Judah, who took the responsibility of caring for her girlfriend Sarah after they had a car accident and she ...
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This chapter examines the concept of freedom in relation to the experience of 25-year-old Judah, who took the responsibility of caring for her girlfriend Sarah after they had a car accident and she was seriously hurt with a head injury. Judah spent most his time caring for Sarah but later realized that he needed to earn money and decided to go to the Far East to sell imitation brand-name products. He was imprisoned for three months for selling illegal products, and when he returned to Sarah he learned to strike balance between caring for her and his personal life.Less
This chapter examines the concept of freedom in relation to the experience of 25-year-old Judah, who took the responsibility of caring for her girlfriend Sarah after they had a car accident and she was seriously hurt with a head injury. Judah spent most his time caring for Sarah but later realized that he needed to earn money and decided to go to the Far East to sell imitation brand-name products. He was imprisoned for three months for selling illegal products, and when he returned to Sarah he learned to strike balance between caring for her and his personal life.
Anne Bloom
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195141177
- eISBN:
- 9780199871391
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195141172.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter examines the background and litigation proceedings in the case of Dow Chemical Company and Shell Oil Company versus Domingo Castro Alfaro (et al.), a case in which a Texas personal ...
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This chapter examines the background and litigation proceedings in the case of Dow Chemical Company and Shell Oil Company versus Domingo Castro Alfaro (et al.), a case in which a Texas personal injury firm attempted to police the misconduct of a group of multinational corporations operating in Costa Rica by filing suit in Texas. The litigation in the Alfaro case involved allegations of wrongful exposure to pesticides of workers employed on a U.S. banana plantation, whose crop was shipped to the U.S.A. The defendants argued that the Texas court lacked jurisdiction to hear the case. In a ruling that sent shock waves throughout the international business community, the Texas Supreme Court disagreed. The Alfaro case opened up a new vista of transnational litigation for cause lawyers.Less
This chapter examines the background and litigation proceedings in the case of Dow Chemical Company and Shell Oil Company versus Domingo Castro Alfaro (et al.), a case in which a Texas personal injury firm attempted to police the misconduct of a group of multinational corporations operating in Costa Rica by filing suit in Texas. The litigation in the Alfaro case involved allegations of wrongful exposure to pesticides of workers employed on a U.S. banana plantation, whose crop was shipped to the U.S.A. The defendants argued that the Texas court lacked jurisdiction to hear the case. In a ruling that sent shock waves throughout the international business community, the Texas Supreme Court disagreed. The Alfaro case opened up a new vista of transnational litigation for cause lawyers.
Rex Martin
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198292937
- eISBN:
- 9780191599811
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198292937.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Rights are socially established ways of acting or ways of being treated (or, alternatively, such ways as ought to be so established); more specifically, a right so understood is something that is (1) ...
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Rights are socially established ways of acting or ways of being treated (or, alternatively, such ways as ought to be so established); more specifically, a right so understood is something that is (1) fairly determinate and that (2) can be similarly distributed on an individual basis to each and all of those who are relevantly said to be rightholders. A right is always regarded as (3) a beneficial way of acting or of being treated both for the rightholder and, more generally, for society. Thus, (4) it is or should be something socially accepted – recognized and protected in given societies, and such acceptance would be (5) deemed reasonable, even by outsiders, in that it made explanatory sense. Here the way of acting or of being treated in question could be exhibited, plausibly, as a means to, or as a part of, accomplishing some interest or perceived benefit or other good (or desirable) thing. Accordingly, (6) normative directives could be issued to others, to those who are not rightholders, and (7) further initiatives could be taken as a feature of any such successful claim to rights status. The notion of practical inference (itself a part of the theory of the explanation of action) is used to structure much of this analysis.Rights thus understood can be ranged under three main headings: they can be liberties of action (for example, the freedom to travel) but also avoidances of injury (such as the injury of bodily harm) or even the receipt of services (including such things as public schooling, retirement benefits, and medical care).Less
Rights are socially established ways of acting or ways of being treated (or, alternatively, such ways as ought to be so established); more specifically, a right so understood is something that is (1) fairly determinate and that (2) can be similarly distributed on an individual basis to each and all of those who are relevantly said to be rightholders. A right is always regarded as (3) a beneficial way of acting or of being treated both for the rightholder and, more generally, for society. Thus, (4) it is or should be something socially accepted – recognized and protected in given societies, and such acceptance would be (5) deemed reasonable, even by outsiders, in that it made explanatory sense. Here the way of acting or of being treated in question could be exhibited, plausibly, as a means to, or as a part of, accomplishing some interest or perceived benefit or other good (or desirable) thing. Accordingly, (6) normative directives could be issued to others, to those who are not rightholders, and (7) further initiatives could be taken as a feature of any such successful claim to rights status. The notion of practical inference (itself a part of the theory of the explanation of action) is used to structure much of this analysis.
Rights thus understood can be ranged under three main headings: they can be liberties of action (for example, the freedom to travel) but also avoidances of injury (such as the injury of bodily harm) or even the receipt of services (including such things as public schooling, retirement benefits, and medical care).
Michael Lobban
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199258826
- eISBN:
- 9780191705168
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199258826.003.0023
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This chapter on workplace injuries in the 19th century covers workmen and the common law, the Employers's Liability Act 1880, and Workmen's Compensation Act 1897.
This chapter on workplace injuries in the 19th century covers workmen and the common law, the Employers's Liability Act 1880, and Workmen's Compensation Act 1897.
JOHN T. POVLISHOCK and CAROLE W. CHRISTMAN
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195082937
- eISBN:
- 9780199865802
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195082937.003.0026
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System
This chapter discusses the factors involved in the genesis of diffuse axonal injury and the factors involved in its attendant morbidity. Topics covered include the pathobiology of brain injury, ...
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This chapter discusses the factors involved in the genesis of diffuse axonal injury and the factors involved in its attendant morbidity. Topics covered include the pathobiology of brain injury, evidence for injury of axons in human traumatic brain injury, evidence for the occurrence of diffuse axonal injury in experimental animals, pathogenesis of diffuse axonal injury in experimental animal models, and consequences of diffuse axonal injury.Less
This chapter discusses the factors involved in the genesis of diffuse axonal injury and the factors involved in its attendant morbidity. Topics covered include the pathobiology of brain injury, evidence for injury of axons in human traumatic brain injury, evidence for the occurrence of diffuse axonal injury in experimental animals, pathogenesis of diffuse axonal injury in experimental animal models, and consequences of diffuse axonal injury.
Ruthann Knechel Johansen
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520231146
- eISBN:
- 9780520927766
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520231146.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
Traumatic brain injury can interrupt without warning the life story that any one of us is in the midst of creating. When the author's fifteen-year-old son survives a terrible car crash in spite of ...
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Traumatic brain injury can interrupt without warning the life story that any one of us is in the midst of creating. When the author's fifteen-year-old son survives a terrible car crash in spite of massive trauma to his brain, she and her family know only that his story has not ended. Their efforts, Erik's own efforts, and those of everyone who helps bring him from deep coma to new life make up an inspiring story for us all, one that invites us to reconsider the very nature of “self” and selfhood. The author, who teaches literature and narrative theory, is a particularly eloquent witness to the silent space in which her son, confronted with life-shattering injury and surrounded by conflicting narratives about his viability, is somehow reborn. She describes the time of crisis and medical intervention as an hour-by-hour struggle to communicate with the medical world on the one hand and the everyday world of family and friends on the other. None of them knows how much, or even whether, they can communicate with the wounded child who is lost from himself and everything he knew. Through this experience of utter disintegration, the author comes to realize that self-identity is molded and sustained by stories.Less
Traumatic brain injury can interrupt without warning the life story that any one of us is in the midst of creating. When the author's fifteen-year-old son survives a terrible car crash in spite of massive trauma to his brain, she and her family know only that his story has not ended. Their efforts, Erik's own efforts, and those of everyone who helps bring him from deep coma to new life make up an inspiring story for us all, one that invites us to reconsider the very nature of “self” and selfhood. The author, who teaches literature and narrative theory, is a particularly eloquent witness to the silent space in which her son, confronted with life-shattering injury and surrounded by conflicting narratives about his viability, is somehow reborn. She describes the time of crisis and medical intervention as an hour-by-hour struggle to communicate with the medical world on the one hand and the everyday world of family and friends on the other. None of them knows how much, or even whether, they can communicate with the wounded child who is lost from himself and everything he knew. Through this experience of utter disintegration, the author comes to realize that self-identity is molded and sustained by stories.
Colin Fuller
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199561629
- eISBN:
- 9780191722479
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199561629.003.04
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
A clear and concise definition of (sports) injury is the most important prerequisite when studying sports injuries. In the literature one finds an abundance of different definitions being used. One ...
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A clear and concise definition of (sports) injury is the most important prerequisite when studying sports injuries. In the literature one finds an abundance of different definitions being used. One should realize that the choice of definition has a great impact on the outcome and subsequent conclusions of research, notwithstanding the interpretation of results from other studies. This chapter describes the pros and cons of different injury definitions, as well as the implications choices may have on the outcome of study results.Less
A clear and concise definition of (sports) injury is the most important prerequisite when studying sports injuries. In the literature one finds an abundance of different definitions being used. One should realize that the choice of definition has a great impact on the outcome and subsequent conclusions of research, notwithstanding the interpretation of results from other studies. This chapter describes the pros and cons of different injury definitions, as well as the implications choices may have on the outcome of study results.
Kristjan R. Jessen and William D. Richardson (eds)
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781872748542
- eISBN:
- 9780191724367
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9781872748542.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Development
The majority of cells in the nervous system are glial cells. During development, these cells provide growth factors that stimulate the proliferation, migration, and survival of neurons and their ...
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The majority of cells in the nervous system are glial cells. During development, these cells provide growth factors that stimulate the proliferation, migration, and survival of neurons and their precursors, and promote and guide axonal growth. In the mature nervous system, glial cells provide insulating myelin sheath around axons and provide metabolic and structural support for neurons. Glial cells also have a major influence on the local response to injury of central nerve tracts and the peripheral nervous system, either promoting, or inhibiting, axonal regrowth and recovery of lost function. This book provides a comprehensive overview of research into the development, function, and malfunction of glial cells. It offers a compelling insight into how basic research throws light onto diseases and disorders and points the way towards treatments.Less
The majority of cells in the nervous system are glial cells. During development, these cells provide growth factors that stimulate the proliferation, migration, and survival of neurons and their precursors, and promote and guide axonal growth. In the mature nervous system, glial cells provide insulating myelin sheath around axons and provide metabolic and structural support for neurons. Glial cells also have a major influence on the local response to injury of central nerve tracts and the peripheral nervous system, either promoting, or inhibiting, axonal regrowth and recovery of lost function. This book provides a comprehensive overview of research into the development, function, and malfunction of glial cells. It offers a compelling insight into how basic research throws light onto diseases and disorders and points the way towards treatments.
L. S. Illis (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780192617873
- eISBN:
- 9780191724312
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192617873.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System
This is the second in a series of books dealing with the enormous clinical problem of spinal-cord dysfunction. Volume I discussed assessment; this book focuses on intervention. There are three main ...
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This is the second in a series of books dealing with the enormous clinical problem of spinal-cord dysfunction. Volume I discussed assessment; this book focuses on intervention. There are three main approaches to the restoration of function after damage to the spinal cord: the prevention of secondary pathological events; the identification of impaired or absent functions in nerve cells and processes that survive the initial insult; and restoration of severed neuronal connections. This book addresses the first two of these approaches. It contains a discussion of the arguments about early decompression of the spinal cord following injury, therapy of acute spinal injury, and the effects of early treatment and local cooling on spinal-cord blood flow. The management of specific problems associated with spinal-cord dysfunction is addressed; these problems include cardiovascular abnormalities due to autonomic dysfunction, bladder control, pain, and sexual function. Current procedures of rehabilitation (particularly the management of chronic problems and the treatment of complications) are summarized, and ideas on motor control and learning are discussed.Less
This is the second in a series of books dealing with the enormous clinical problem of spinal-cord dysfunction. Volume I discussed assessment; this book focuses on intervention. There are three main approaches to the restoration of function after damage to the spinal cord: the prevention of secondary pathological events; the identification of impaired or absent functions in nerve cells and processes that survive the initial insult; and restoration of severed neuronal connections. This book addresses the first two of these approaches. It contains a discussion of the arguments about early decompression of the spinal cord following injury, therapy of acute spinal injury, and the effects of early treatment and local cooling on spinal-cord blood flow. The management of specific problems associated with spinal-cord dysfunction is addressed; these problems include cardiovascular abnormalities due to autonomic dysfunction, bladder control, pain, and sexual function. Current procedures of rehabilitation (particularly the management of chronic problems and the treatment of complications) are summarized, and ideas on motor control and learning are discussed.
Nancy J. Rothwell (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781872748795
- eISBN:
- 9780191724381
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9781872748795.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System
This new edition covers recent advances in understanding immunological and inflammatory responses in the nervous system, research driven by the potential to use knowledge of the molecules and ...
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This new edition covers recent advances in understanding immunological and inflammatory responses in the nervous system, research driven by the potential to use knowledge of the molecules and mechanisms involved to intervene in, and arrest, neurodegenerative disease processes. This book covers developmental aspects of immune/inflammatory responses in the CNS and basic aspects of glial function, as well as inflammatory mediators and their mechanisms of action, clinical importance, and sites of infection. There is also coverage of the major diseases of the CNS, including stroke, brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Throughout, the focus is on the underlying basic neuroscience, clinical relevance and the potential for therapeutic interventions. This book aims to contribute to the understanding and improving of the diagnosis of neuroimmune diseases and determining therapeutic measures.Less
This new edition covers recent advances in understanding immunological and inflammatory responses in the nervous system, research driven by the potential to use knowledge of the molecules and mechanisms involved to intervene in, and arrest, neurodegenerative disease processes. This book covers developmental aspects of immune/inflammatory responses in the CNS and basic aspects of glial function, as well as inflammatory mediators and their mechanisms of action, clinical importance, and sites of infection. There is also coverage of the major diseases of the CNS, including stroke, brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Throughout, the focus is on the underlying basic neuroscience, clinical relevance and the potential for therapeutic interventions. This book aims to contribute to the understanding and improving of the diagnosis of neuroimmune diseases and determining therapeutic measures.
Eleni Petridou, Evi Germeni, and Mark Stevenson
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199239481
- eISBN:
- 9780191716973
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199239481.003.022
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Epidemiology has been the principal discipline in preparing the grounds for the prevention of infectious diseases, several forms of cancer, and most cardiovascular diseases. However, it has ...
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Epidemiology has been the principal discipline in preparing the grounds for the prevention of infectious diseases, several forms of cancer, and most cardiovascular diseases. However, it has contributed relatively little towards the understanding of causation and prevention of injuries. This chapter presents an approach for teaching general injury epidemiology, covering teaching and learning objectives, teaching contents, and assessing students' achievements.Less
Epidemiology has been the principal discipline in preparing the grounds for the prevention of infectious diseases, several forms of cancer, and most cardiovascular diseases. However, it has contributed relatively little towards the understanding of causation and prevention of injuries. This chapter presents an approach for teaching general injury epidemiology, covering teaching and learning objectives, teaching contents, and assessing students' achievements.
Randolph J. Nudo and Ines Eisner-Janowicz
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198528999
- eISBN:
- 9780191723926
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528999.003.0012
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System
This chapter begins by reviewing the sequence of events that results in neuronal injury after stroke. It then reviews the advantages and disadvantages of various animal models used to model stroke ...
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This chapter begins by reviewing the sequence of events that results in neuronal injury after stroke. It then reviews the advantages and disadvantages of various animal models used to model stroke and ischemic cortical injury. It considers the relationship of various aspects of behavioral assessment and the understanding of post-stroke plasticity and recovery. After a brief review of the organization of the motor cortex, the chapter reviews the evidence that neurophysiological and neuroanatomical plasticity occurs after cortical injury, emphasizing the role of postinjury behavior in the modulation of injury-induced changes. The cellular and synaptic basis for postinjury plasticity is briefly reviewed. Finally, the role of the intact hemisphere in recovery of function after unilateral cortical injury is discussed.Less
This chapter begins by reviewing the sequence of events that results in neuronal injury after stroke. It then reviews the advantages and disadvantages of various animal models used to model stroke and ischemic cortical injury. It considers the relationship of various aspects of behavioral assessment and the understanding of post-stroke plasticity and recovery. After a brief review of the organization of the motor cortex, the chapter reviews the evidence that neurophysiological and neuroanatomical plasticity occurs after cortical injury, emphasizing the role of postinjury behavior in the modulation of injury-induced changes. The cellular and synaptic basis for postinjury plasticity is briefly reviewed. Finally, the role of the intact hemisphere in recovery of function after unilateral cortical injury is discussed.
Marc Gopin
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195146509
- eISBN:
- 9780199834235
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195146506.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Addresses the role of memories of personal and collective injury – the scars of conflict and violence – in retarding peacemaking processes. The important role of organized religion in this kind of ...
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Addresses the role of memories of personal and collective injury – the scars of conflict and violence – in retarding peacemaking processes. The important role of organized religion in this kind of “perpetuated mourning,” and its role in conflict generation and avoidance, and self‐examination and self‐judgment, is discussed. It is noted that systems of coping with ultimate loss must become part of any conflict resolution between enemies, and that although each community involved must accomplish this separately, peacemakers should coordinate the process. Two things are needed to disengage a group from the need to be violent: manufactured injury (often based on the political ambitions of leaders) must be separated from actual injury; and manufactured injuries that are rooted in weak internal self‐conceptions must be replaced by a strong sense of self that does not need injury to survive. In the case of the Israel/Palestine conflict, these processes are as important for Jews in relation to the Holocaust as for Palestinians in relation to the loss of their country in 1948.Less
Addresses the role of memories of personal and collective injury – the scars of conflict and violence – in retarding peacemaking processes. The important role of organized religion in this kind of “perpetuated mourning,” and its role in conflict generation and avoidance, and self‐examination and self‐judgment, is discussed. It is noted that systems of coping with ultimate loss must become part of any conflict resolution between enemies, and that although each community involved must accomplish this separately, peacemakers should coordinate the process. Two things are needed to disengage a group from the need to be violent: manufactured injury (often based on the political ambitions of leaders) must be separated from actual injury; and manufactured injuries that are rooted in weak internal self‐conceptions must be replaced by a strong sense of self that does not need injury to survive. In the case of the Israel/Palestine conflict, these processes are as important for Jews in relation to the Holocaust as for Palestinians in relation to the loss of their country in 1948.
W. Poppelreuter
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198521907
- eISBN:
- 9780191724664
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198521907.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System
During the First World War many soldiers suffered brain injuries, mostly from gunshot wounds. The localized nature of these injuries made them of special significance for neuropsychological studies ...
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During the First World War many soldiers suffered brain injuries, mostly from gunshot wounds. The localized nature of these injuries made them of special significance for neuropsychological studies and they were the subject of research by British and German psychologists and neurologists working in military hospitals. The work carried out by Walther Poppelreuter in Germany is of particular interest. He was one of the first to design and use precise experimental methods for neuropsychological assessment and analysis. Poppelreuter was also one of the first to suggest a relatively specific processing of visual submodalities such as movement, depth, form, and colour in the prestriate areas. Much of his practical advice on the management of patients is still of value. Anyone concerned with brain injuries, especially of the occipital lobe, can still benefit from his contribution. This translation makes this classic now available to a wider audience.Less
During the First World War many soldiers suffered brain injuries, mostly from gunshot wounds. The localized nature of these injuries made them of special significance for neuropsychological studies and they were the subject of research by British and German psychologists and neurologists working in military hospitals. The work carried out by Walther Poppelreuter in Germany is of particular interest. He was one of the first to design and use precise experimental methods for neuropsychological assessment and analysis. Poppelreuter was also one of the first to suggest a relatively specific processing of visual submodalities such as movement, depth, form, and colour in the prestriate areas. Much of his practical advice on the management of patients is still of value. Anyone concerned with brain injuries, especially of the occipital lobe, can still benefit from his contribution. This translation makes this classic now available to a wider audience.
OSAMU HONMOU and WISE YOUNG
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195082937
- eISBN:
- 9780199865802
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195082937.003.0025
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System
This chapter discusses the mechanisms of axonal loss and dysfunction in spinal cord injury. It focuses on the primary causes of axonal injury, the subsequent extracellular ionic derangements that ...
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This chapter discusses the mechanisms of axonal loss and dysfunction in spinal cord injury. It focuses on the primary causes of axonal injury, the subsequent extracellular ionic derangements that occur at the injury site, and neurotransmitter-mediated secondary injury mechanisms.Less
This chapter discusses the mechanisms of axonal loss and dysfunction in spinal cord injury. It focuses on the primary causes of axonal injury, the subsequent extracellular ionic derangements that occur at the injury site, and neurotransmitter-mediated secondary injury mechanisms.
