Daniel Butt
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199218240
- eISBN:
- 9780191711589
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199218240.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory, International Relations and Politics
The conclusion of the book reviews the three forms of morally relevant forms of connection with historic injustice, based on benefit, on the inheritance of entitlement, and on an ongoing failure to ...
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The conclusion of the book reviews the three forms of morally relevant forms of connection with historic injustice, based on benefit, on the inheritance of entitlement, and on an ongoing failure to fulfil rectificatory duties. These are presented as complementary but distinct bases for modern day rectificatory duties. It is claimed that taken together, these mean that those who advocate international libertarianism may have to accept the existence of demanding rectificatory duties, which may, in the short run, coincide with the demands of redistributive cosmopolitanism. Though present day individuals and groups may dislike the idea that they can acquire rectificatory duties in an involuntary fashion, without bearing moral responsibility for the original wrongdoing, they nonetheless act wrongly if they do not seek to rectify historic international injustice.Less
The conclusion of the book reviews the three forms of morally relevant forms of connection with historic injustice, based on benefit, on the inheritance of entitlement, and on an ongoing failure to fulfil rectificatory duties. These are presented as complementary but distinct bases for modern day rectificatory duties. It is claimed that taken together, these mean that those who advocate international libertarianism may have to accept the existence of demanding rectificatory duties, which may, in the short run, coincide with the demands of redistributive cosmopolitanism. Though present day individuals and groups may dislike the idea that they can acquire rectificatory duties in an involuntary fashion, without bearing moral responsibility for the original wrongdoing, they nonetheless act wrongly if they do not seek to rectify historic international injustice.
Sarah Harper (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199251162
- eISBN:
- 9780191602740
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199251169.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This book explores the interactions between family and ageing in Western industrialised societies. It features 10 chapters. Chapters 1-3 provide and overview of the demographic and social factors in ...
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This book explores the interactions between family and ageing in Western industrialised societies. It features 10 chapters. Chapters 1-3 provide and overview of the demographic and social factors in aging societies. Chapters 4-5 address the specific roles and relationships emerging within contemporary families. Chapters 6-8 discuss the care and support for older relatives. Chapters 9-10 focus on topics that have received little attention — inheritance and the impact of family on the health of its members.Less
This book explores the interactions between family and ageing in Western industrialised societies. It features 10 chapters. Chapters 1-3 provide and overview of the demographic and social factors in aging societies. Chapters 4-5 address the specific roles and relationships emerging within contemporary families. Chapters 6-8 discuss the care and support for older relatives. Chapters 9-10 focus on topics that have received little attention — inheritance and the impact of family on the health of its members.
JOHN NIGHTINGALE
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198208358
- eISBN:
- 9780191716645
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208358.003.0019
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
The narratives of the later monastic reform in early medieval Lotharingia might look back on the activities of their predecessors as worthless and contemptible but, in the absence of a better ...
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The narratives of the later monastic reform in early medieval Lotharingia might look back on the activities of their predecessors as worthless and contemptible but, in the absence of a better alternative, the latter had continued to be esteemed. It is for such reasons that this book has looked beyond spiritual and religious roles to consider the wider ways in which monasteries and their landholdings were an inescapable part of aristocratic life, intimately enmeshed in a noble family's inheritance strategies, its prestige, and its very notion of being. To appreciate the vitality and importance of monasteries in the 9th and 10th centuries, it is necessary to focus on land transactions as well as religious roles. Monasteries depended on patrons, but it is also true that patrons depended on the monasteries for the preservation of their chosen heirs' power and inheritance in the face of the claims of rival kin. Here the monasteries were as much patrons as patronised.Less
The narratives of the later monastic reform in early medieval Lotharingia might look back on the activities of their predecessors as worthless and contemptible but, in the absence of a better alternative, the latter had continued to be esteemed. It is for such reasons that this book has looked beyond spiritual and religious roles to consider the wider ways in which monasteries and their landholdings were an inescapable part of aristocratic life, intimately enmeshed in a noble family's inheritance strategies, its prestige, and its very notion of being. To appreciate the vitality and importance of monasteries in the 9th and 10th centuries, it is necessary to focus on land transactions as well as religious roles. Monasteries depended on patrons, but it is also true that patrons depended on the monasteries for the preservation of their chosen heirs' power and inheritance in the face of the claims of rival kin. Here the monasteries were as much patrons as patronised.
H. G. M. Williamson
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198263609
- eISBN:
- 9780191600821
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198263600.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
Summarizes the arguments made in the book for the influence of the literary inheritance of Isaiah of Jerusalem on the work of Deutero‐Isaiah in continuing the role of prophesying a time of judgement ...
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Summarizes the arguments made in the book for the influence of the literary inheritance of Isaiah of Jerusalem on the work of Deutero‐Isaiah in continuing the role of prophesying a time of judgement and salvation and for his editorial work in combining the earlier prophecies with his own in order to present a unified vision of the dealings of God with Israel. Acknowledges the influence of other texts such as the Psalms, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel on Deutero‐Isaiah's expression of his message and concludes by noting the continuing challenges posed to scholars by the probability of multiple authorship and the various proposals for the exilic and post‐exilic redaction of the book.Less
Summarizes the arguments made in the book for the influence of the literary inheritance of Isaiah of Jerusalem on the work of Deutero‐Isaiah in continuing the role of prophesying a time of judgement and salvation and for his editorial work in combining the earlier prophecies with his own in order to present a unified vision of the dealings of God with Israel. Acknowledges the influence of other texts such as the Psalms, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel on Deutero‐Isaiah's expression of his message and concludes by noting the continuing challenges posed to scholars by the probability of multiple authorship and the various proposals for the exilic and post‐exilic redaction of the book.
Partha Dasgupta
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198288350
- eISBN:
- 9780191596094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198288352.003.0016
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The main part of this chapter discusses the household as an allocation mechanism. It has eight sections; (1) gender differentials among adults; (2) allocations among girls and boys; (3) bridewealth ...
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The main part of this chapter discusses the household as an allocation mechanism. It has eight sections; (1) gender differentials among adults; (2) allocations among girls and boys; (3) bridewealth and dowry; (4) regional patterns of household allocations: the case of India; (5) marriage and inheritance in India; (6) bargaining theory as a framework for household choice; (7) the Nash programme: a formalization; and (8) bargaining versus maximization of well‐being within the household. An extra and separate section (designated Chapter *11) gives theoretical presentations on two aspects of the axiomatic bargaining theory: (1) the Nash bargaining solution; and (2) the Kalai–Smorodinsky bargaining solution.Less
The main part of this chapter discusses the household as an allocation mechanism. It has eight sections; (1) gender differentials among adults; (2) allocations among girls and boys; (3) bridewealth and dowry; (4) regional patterns of household allocations: the case of India; (5) marriage and inheritance in India; (6) bargaining theory as a framework for household choice; (7) the Nash programme: a formalization; and (8) bargaining versus maximization of well‐being within the household. An extra and separate section (designated Chapter *11) gives theoretical presentations on two aspects of the axiomatic bargaining theory: (1) the Nash bargaining solution; and (2) the Kalai–Smorodinsky bargaining solution.
John Casey
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198240037
- eISBN:
- 9780191680069
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198240037.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter argues that the classical virtues of courage, temperance, practical wisdom, and justice, which are largely ignored in modern moral philosophy, centrally define the good for Man. The ...
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This chapter argues that the classical virtues of courage, temperance, practical wisdom, and justice, which are largely ignored in modern moral philosophy, centrally define the good for Man. The values of success, pride, and worldliness remain an alive, if insufficiently acknowledged, part of our moral thinking. The conflict between these values and our equally important Christian inheritance leads to tensions and contradictions in our understanding of the moral life.Less
This chapter argues that the classical virtues of courage, temperance, practical wisdom, and justice, which are largely ignored in modern moral philosophy, centrally define the good for Man. The values of success, pride, and worldliness remain an alive, if insufficiently acknowledged, part of our moral thinking. The conflict between these values and our equally important Christian inheritance leads to tensions and contradictions in our understanding of the moral life.
Jane Whittle
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198208426
- eISBN:
- 9780191677991
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208426.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This introductory chapter sets out the purpose of the book, which is to explore the early beginnings of agrarian capitalism in England. The question of ...
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This introductory chapter sets out the purpose of the book, which is to explore the early beginnings of agrarian capitalism in England. The question of how and why capitalism developed in England has been a source of debate. Several historical sources were used to examine a wide range of topics such as rights to land and the level of rent, the land market and inheritance, the distribution of land and wealth, the landless, wage-earners, rural craftsmen, as well as the labour laws.Less
This introductory chapter sets out the purpose of the book, which is to explore the early beginnings of agrarian capitalism in England. The question of how and why capitalism developed in England has been a source of debate. Several historical sources were used to examine a wide range of topics such as rights to land and the level of rent, the land market and inheritance, the distribution of land and wealth, the landless, wage-earners, rural craftsmen, as well as the labour laws.
Chris Bramall
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199275939
- eISBN:
- 9780191706073
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199275939.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
By the late 1970s, Guangdong’s industrial and skills base was more rural, less geographically concentrated, and less dominated by traditional light industry than it had been at the time of the ...
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By the late 1970s, Guangdong’s industrial and skills base was more rural, less geographically concentrated, and less dominated by traditional light industry than it had been at the time of the Revolution. The expansion of manufacturing capability in rural Guangdong under Mao provided the province with a solid foundation for the industrialization of the 1980s and 1990s. Inflows of foreign investment and foreign trade undoubtedly helped to promote growth in Guangdong, much more than in other Chinese provinces. Nevertheless, the pivotal role played by Guangdong’s Maoist inheritance is apparent. Even in this coastal province, where the flows of foreign capital and migrant labour were enormous, inherited industrial capability was a key influence on the rural industrial growth rate.Less
By the late 1970s, Guangdong’s industrial and skills base was more rural, less geographically concentrated, and less dominated by traditional light industry than it had been at the time of the Revolution. The expansion of manufacturing capability in rural Guangdong under Mao provided the province with a solid foundation for the industrialization of the 1980s and 1990s. Inflows of foreign investment and foreign trade undoubtedly helped to promote growth in Guangdong, much more than in other Chinese provinces. Nevertheless, the pivotal role played by Guangdong’s Maoist inheritance is apparent. Even in this coastal province, where the flows of foreign capital and migrant labour were enormous, inherited industrial capability was a key influence on the rural industrial growth rate.
G. Victor Hallman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199549108
- eISBN:
- 9780191720734
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199549108.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Pensions and Pension Management
Managing retirement payouts generally revolves primarily around securing adequate retirement income and assuring the continuity of such income for as long as the retirees live. Many commentators have ...
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Managing retirement payouts generally revolves primarily around securing adequate retirement income and assuring the continuity of such income for as long as the retirees live. Many commentators have suggested that the most efficient strategy to deal with these issues for risk-averse retirees is to annuitize retirement benefits. However, these commentators recognize that relatively few retirees actually choose life annuitization (the so-called ‘annuity puzzle’). One reason for this is the bequest or inheritance motive which involves using income-tax-favored retirement plans to pass wealth to the heirs (probably children) of the retiree or to charity. This chapter discusses the concepts, strategies, and constraints on using tax-favored retirement plans as wealth transfer devices.Less
Managing retirement payouts generally revolves primarily around securing adequate retirement income and assuring the continuity of such income for as long as the retirees live. Many commentators have suggested that the most efficient strategy to deal with these issues for risk-averse retirees is to annuitize retirement benefits. However, these commentators recognize that relatively few retirees actually choose life annuitization (the so-called ‘annuity puzzle’). One reason for this is the bequest or inheritance motive which involves using income-tax-favored retirement plans to pass wealth to the heirs (probably children) of the retiree or to charity. This chapter discusses the concepts, strategies, and constraints on using tax-favored retirement plans as wealth transfer devices.
Anthony O'Hear
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198250043
- eISBN:
- 9780191598111
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198250045.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
The theory of evolution may be successful in explaining natural history, but it is of limited value when applied to the human world. Because of our reflectiveness and rationality, as embodied in ...
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The theory of evolution may be successful in explaining natural history, but it is of limited value when applied to the human world. Because of our reflectiveness and rationality, as embodied in language, we give ourselves ideals that cannot be justified in terms of survival‐promotion or reproductive advantage. Evolutionary theory is unable to give satisfactory accounts of such distinctive features of human life as the quest for knowledge, our moral sense, and the appreciation of beauty. At most, it can account for their prefiguration at some earlier stage of development than the human. In all these areas we transcend our biological origins, and such mechanisms as genetic survival, kin selection, reciprocal altruism, and sexual selection. But because of our rationality we can also transcend our cultural inheritance explanation of which in terms of memes is both hollow and misleading. We are rooted both in our biology and in our cultural inheritance; but, sociobiology and sociology notwithstanding, we are prisoners neither of our genes nor of the ideas we encounter as we each make our personal journey through life.Less
The theory of evolution may be successful in explaining natural history, but it is of limited value when applied to the human world. Because of our reflectiveness and rationality, as embodied in language, we give ourselves ideals that cannot be justified in terms of survival‐promotion or reproductive advantage. Evolutionary theory is unable to give satisfactory accounts of such distinctive features of human life as the quest for knowledge, our moral sense, and the appreciation of beauty. At most, it can account for their prefiguration at some earlier stage of development than the human. In all these areas we transcend our biological origins, and such mechanisms as genetic survival, kin selection, reciprocal altruism, and sexual selection. But because of our rationality we can also transcend our cultural inheritance explanation of which in terms of memes is both hollow and misleading. We are rooted both in our biology and in our cultural inheritance; but, sociobiology and sociology notwithstanding, we are prisoners neither of our genes nor of the ideas we encounter as we each make our personal journey through life.
Péter Róbert and Erzsébet Bukodi
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- November 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199258451
- eISBN:
- 9780191601491
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199258457.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Investigates temporal changes in Hungarian mobility patterns. Large-scale data sets of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, collected between 1973 and 2000 are used for this purpose. In addition ...
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Investigates temporal changes in Hungarian mobility patterns. Large-scale data sets of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, collected between 1973 and 2000 are used for this purpose. In addition to descriptive statistics, log-linear and log-multiplicative models are fitted to the data in order to investigate trends of temporal changes. Descriptive results indicate that the restructuring of the class distribution slowed down in the 1980s in comparison to the 1970s but it increased again in the 1990s. Observed mobility rates turned out to be relatively high but data does not indicate an increase in the openness of the Hungarian society. For relative mobility rates, the hypothesis of constant social fluidity cannot be rejected for Hungary. Though an increase in social fluidity did occur between 1973 and 1983, it levelled off between 1983 and 1992, and it reversed between 1992 and 2000.Less
Investigates temporal changes in Hungarian mobility patterns. Large-scale data sets of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, collected between 1973 and 2000 are used for this purpose. In addition to descriptive statistics, log-linear and log-multiplicative models are fitted to the data in order to investigate trends of temporal changes. Descriptive results indicate that the restructuring of the class distribution slowed down in the 1980s in comparison to the 1970s but it increased again in the 1990s. Observed mobility rates turned out to be relatively high but data does not indicate an increase in the openness of the Hungarian society. For relative mobility rates, the hypothesis of constant social fluidity cannot be rejected for Hungary. Though an increase in social fluidity did occur between 1973 and 1983, it levelled off between 1983 and 1992, and it reversed between 1992 and 2000.
Cécile Fabre
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199289998
- eISBN:
- 9780191603556
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199289999.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter argues that the duty of assistance outlined in Chapter 1 includes a duty to make one’s organs available upon death to those who need them. It reviews analogies and disanalogies between ...
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This chapter argues that the duty of assistance outlined in Chapter 1 includes a duty to make one’s organs available upon death to those who need them. It reviews analogies and disanalogies between the confiscation of cadaveric organs and inheritance taxes, and claims that the healthy be exempt from their duty to the sick if, and only if, they can deploy a conscientious objection to not being buried or cremated intact.Less
This chapter argues that the duty of assistance outlined in Chapter 1 includes a duty to make one’s organs available upon death to those who need them. It reviews analogies and disanalogies between the confiscation of cadaveric organs and inheritance taxes, and claims that the healthy be exempt from their duty to the sick if, and only if, they can deploy a conscientious objection to not being buried or cremated intact.
Ludo Rocher (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195138177
- eISBN:
- 9780199834594
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195138171.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
This is a translation of a twelfth‐century Sanskrit legal text, with the original text. The Dāyabhāga was one of the most important texts in the history of Indian law. It is important because the ...
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This is a translation of a twelfth‐century Sanskrit legal text, with the original text. The Dāyabhāga was one of the most important texts in the history of Indian law. It is important because the British elevated it to such prominence in their new colony in the early nineteenth century. The text was taken as the authority on property inheritance and significant aspects of family law for the eastern Indian region. The case law and scholarship that surround it have shaped Indian personal law right up to the present day, although, since the Hindu Succession Act of 1956, it is no longer used in courts of law in India. Until now, there has been only one very inadequate English translation of the text (now 190 years old), which is virtually without reference to the Sanskrit. This new translation, which is accompanied by the original Sanskrit text, will make this crucial work genuinely available to those without the Sanskrit for the first time. Its goal is academic: to present not only to Sanskritists and Indologists but also to legal historians, a translation of a text that for about a century and a half has regulated all questions of partition and inheritance for Hindus living in Bengal. The book has an introduction, and the translation is accompanied by extensive footnotes.Less
This is a translation of a twelfth‐century Sanskrit legal text, with the original text. The Dāyabhāga was one of the most important texts in the history of Indian law. It is important because the British elevated it to such prominence in their new colony in the early nineteenth century. The text was taken as the authority on property inheritance and significant aspects of family law for the eastern Indian region. The case law and scholarship that surround it have shaped Indian personal law right up to the present day, although, since the Hindu Succession Act of 1956, it is no longer used in courts of law in India. Until now, there has been only one very inadequate English translation of the text (now 190 years old), which is virtually without reference to the Sanskrit. This new translation, which is accompanied by the original Sanskrit text, will make this crucial work genuinely available to those without the Sanskrit for the first time. Its goal is academic: to present not only to Sanskritists and Indologists but also to legal historians, a translation of a text that for about a century and a half has regulated all questions of partition and inheritance for Hindus living in Bengal. The book has an introduction, and the translation is accompanied by extensive footnotes.
R. A. W. Rhodes, John Wanna, and Patrick Weller
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199563494
- eISBN:
- 9780191722721
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563494.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, UK Politics
This chapter draws together the book's arguments by identifying five narratives about the meanings of Westminster. First, it is an inheritance — that is, elite actors' shared governmental narrative ...
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This chapter draws together the book's arguments by identifying five narratives about the meanings of Westminster. First, it is an inheritance — that is, elite actors' shared governmental narrative understood as both precedents and nostalgia. Second, it is a political tool used by governments and politicians to defend themselves and criticize opponents. Third, it is a legitimizing tradition in that it provides legitimacy and a context for elite actions, serving as a point of reference to navigate this uncertain world. Fourth, it is a useful descriptor of a loose family of governments with shared origins and characteristics. Finally, it is a normative claim that Westminster is a more effective and efficient political system than consensual parliamentary governments. The chapter concludes that Westminster is a flexible family of ideas that is useful for many purposes and survives, even thrives, because of its meaning in use to elite actors.Less
This chapter draws together the book's arguments by identifying five narratives about the meanings of Westminster. First, it is an inheritance — that is, elite actors' shared governmental narrative understood as both precedents and nostalgia. Second, it is a political tool used by governments and politicians to defend themselves and criticize opponents. Third, it is a legitimizing tradition in that it provides legitimacy and a context for elite actions, serving as a point of reference to navigate this uncertain world. Fourth, it is a useful descriptor of a loose family of governments with shared origins and characteristics. Finally, it is a normative claim that Westminster is a more effective and efficient political system than consensual parliamentary governments. The chapter concludes that Westminster is a flexible family of ideas that is useful for many purposes and survives, even thrives, because of its meaning in use to elite actors.
P. Kyle Stanford
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195174083
- eISBN:
- 9780199786367
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195174089.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
This chapter focuses on the history of our theorizing about the phenomena of generation and inheritance. It attempts to show that according to historical records, our efforts to theorize about ...
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This chapter focuses on the history of our theorizing about the phenomena of generation and inheritance. It attempts to show that according to historical records, our efforts to theorize about inheritance and generation continued to be plagued by the problem of unconceived alternatives long after we came to embrace substantive evidential, metaphysical, and methodological constraints essentially continuous with those of the present day. It is argued that Darwin shows no evidence of having considered and rejected the idea that similarities between ancestors and offspring might be results of a common cause rather than links in a causal chain, and indeed shows no evidence of even having been able to understand this line of thought when it was explicitly presented to him directly by Galton. Instead the most natural conclusion to draw from the historical evidence is that Darwin simply failed to conceive of or consider the entire class of theoretical alternatives to pangenesis picked out by this idea, notwithstanding the fact that it offered an equally promising strategy for explaining what he took to be the central phenomena of inheritance and generation.Less
This chapter focuses on the history of our theorizing about the phenomena of generation and inheritance. It attempts to show that according to historical records, our efforts to theorize about inheritance and generation continued to be plagued by the problem of unconceived alternatives long after we came to embrace substantive evidential, metaphysical, and methodological constraints essentially continuous with those of the present day. It is argued that Darwin shows no evidence of having considered and rejected the idea that similarities between ancestors and offspring might be results of a common cause rather than links in a causal chain, and indeed shows no evidence of even having been able to understand this line of thought when it was explicitly presented to him directly by Galton. Instead the most natural conclusion to draw from the historical evidence is that Darwin simply failed to conceive of or consider the entire class of theoretical alternatives to pangenesis picked out by this idea, notwithstanding the fact that it offered an equally promising strategy for explaining what he took to be the central phenomena of inheritance and generation.
P. Kyle Stanford
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195174083
- eISBN:
- 9780199786367
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195174089.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
This chapter begins with a discussion of Galton's transfusion experiments and his development of the “stirp” theory of inheritance. It then discusses Galton's understanding of “correlation” and “ ...
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This chapter begins with a discussion of Galton's transfusion experiments and his development of the “stirp” theory of inheritance. It then discusses Galton's understanding of “correlation” and “ variable influences” in development. It is argued that just as Darwin failed to conceive of the very possibility of any common-cause mechanism for inheritance, after surmounting this conceptual obstacle Galton failed in turn to conceive of any alternatives to the maturational and invariant aspects of his own account of particulate inheritance.Less
This chapter begins with a discussion of Galton's transfusion experiments and his development of the “stirp” theory of inheritance. It then discusses Galton's understanding of “correlation” and “ variable influences” in development. It is argued that just as Darwin failed to conceive of the very possibility of any common-cause mechanism for inheritance, after surmounting this conceptual obstacle Galton failed in turn to conceive of any alternatives to the maturational and invariant aspects of his own account of particulate inheritance.
P. Kyle Stanford
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195174083
- eISBN:
- 9780199786367
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195174089.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
This chapter focuses on August Weismann's theory of the germ-plasm. It is argued that both Weismann's failure to conceive of any alternative to the disintegration of the idioplasm as the mechanism of ...
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This chapter focuses on August Weismann's theory of the germ-plasm. It is argued that both Weismann's failure to conceive of any alternative to the disintegration of the idioplasm as the mechanism of ontogenetic differentiation and nuclear control, and his failure to conceive of any genuinely facultative capacity on the part of the germ-plasm suggest that Weismann never conceived of the quite general possibility that the germ-plasm could itself serve as what we might call a productive rather than an expendable resource for the cell and/or the organism.Less
This chapter focuses on August Weismann's theory of the germ-plasm. It is argued that both Weismann's failure to conceive of any alternative to the disintegration of the idioplasm as the mechanism of ontogenetic differentiation and nuclear control, and his failure to conceive of any genuinely facultative capacity on the part of the germ-plasm suggest that Weismann never conceived of the quite general possibility that the germ-plasm could itself serve as what we might call a productive rather than an expendable resource for the cell and/or the organism.
Robin Sowerby
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199286126
- eISBN:
- 9780191713873
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199286126.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
Where previous studies of ‘Augustanism’ have concentrated largely upon political concerns, this book explores the translation of the Roman Augustan aesthetic into a vernacular equivalent by English ...
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Where previous studies of ‘Augustanism’ have concentrated largely upon political concerns, this book explores the translation of the Roman Augustan aesthetic into a vernacular equivalent by English neoclassical poets and does so through the analysis of translations. It has its genesis in the claim made implicitly by Dryden at the conclusion of his Virgil that he had given English poetry the kind of refinement in language and style that Virgil had given the Latin. The opening chapter explores the mediation of the Augustan aesthetic to the early Renaissance by way of the De Arte Poetica of the neo Latin Renaissance poet Vida, represented here in the Augustan version of Pitt. The second chapter charts early English engagements with the classical inheritance before moving on to its chief focus, Dryden's relation to his early predecessors in the refinement of the heroic couplet, Denham and Waller, and the establishment of the full Augustan aesthetic represented in Dryden's Virgil. The third and fourth chapters consider the effect of the Augustan aesthetic upon the translation of silver Latin poets, concentrating on Dryden's Persius and Juvenal, Rowe's Lucan and Pope's Statius and finally on the climactic Augustan achievement, Pope's Homer. The distinguishing strengths of Augustan poetic artistry are shown to advantage in a brief epilogue juxtaposing Augustan and modern versions.Less
Where previous studies of ‘Augustanism’ have concentrated largely upon political concerns, this book explores the translation of the Roman Augustan aesthetic into a vernacular equivalent by English neoclassical poets and does so through the analysis of translations. It has its genesis in the claim made implicitly by Dryden at the conclusion of his Virgil that he had given English poetry the kind of refinement in language and style that Virgil had given the Latin. The opening chapter explores the mediation of the Augustan aesthetic to the early Renaissance by way of the De Arte Poetica of the neo Latin Renaissance poet Vida, represented here in the Augustan version of Pitt. The second chapter charts early English engagements with the classical inheritance before moving on to its chief focus, Dryden's relation to his early predecessors in the refinement of the heroic couplet, Denham and Waller, and the establishment of the full Augustan aesthetic represented in Dryden's Virgil. The third and fourth chapters consider the effect of the Augustan aesthetic upon the translation of silver Latin poets, concentrating on Dryden's Persius and Juvenal, Rowe's Lucan and Pope's Statius and finally on the climactic Augustan achievement, Pope's Homer. The distinguishing strengths of Augustan poetic artistry are shown to advantage in a brief epilogue juxtaposing Augustan and modern versions.
Sarah Harper
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199251162
- eISBN:
- 9780191602740
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199251169.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter examines grandparenting as an integral part of intergenerational relationships in stepfamilies. It argues that rather than creating a new order of relationships between generations, ...
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This chapter examines grandparenting as an integral part of intergenerational relationships in stepfamilies. It argues that rather than creating a new order of relationships between generations, divorce and family change may represent solidarity with the past, whereby family solidarity is required for survival rather than a matter of free will or lifestyle choice. The care of elders, gift giving and inheritance, and relationships with ex in-laws and step in-laws are discussed.Less
This chapter examines grandparenting as an integral part of intergenerational relationships in stepfamilies. It argues that rather than creating a new order of relationships between generations, divorce and family change may represent solidarity with the past, whereby family solidarity is required for survival rather than a matter of free will or lifestyle choice. The care of elders, gift giving and inheritance, and relationships with ex in-laws and step in-laws are discussed.
Stuart White
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198295051
- eISBN:
- 9780191600319
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198295057.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter explores the idea of basic capital – that the state endow each citizen upon maturity with a generous capital grant. It presents the right to basic capital as the centrepiece of a new, ...
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This chapter explores the idea of basic capital – that the state endow each citizen upon maturity with a generous capital grant. It presents the right to basic capital as the centrepiece of a new, formed model of social inheritance. Under this model, the basic capital grant is linked to the support of productive participation in the community, i.e. that the relevant funds be available for purposes such as education, training, setting up a new business, or moving to a new job.Less
This chapter explores the idea of basic capital – that the state endow each citizen upon maturity with a generous capital grant. It presents the right to basic capital as the centrepiece of a new, formed model of social inheritance. Under this model, the basic capital grant is linked to the support of productive participation in the community, i.e. that the relevant funds be available for purposes such as education, training, setting up a new business, or moving to a new job.
