Alasdair Roberts
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195374988
- eISBN:
- 9780199776849
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374988.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
The era of economic liberalization, spanning 1978 to 2008, is often regarded as a period in which government was simply dismantled. In fact, government was reconstructed to meet the needs of a ...
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The era of economic liberalization, spanning 1978 to 2008, is often regarded as a period in which government was simply dismantled. In fact, government was reconstructed to meet the needs of a globalized economy. Central banking, fiscal control, tax collection, regulation, port and airport management, infrastructure development—in all of these areas, radical reforms were made to the architecture of government. A common philosophy shaped all of these reforms: the logic of discipline. It was premised on deep skepticism about the ability of democratic processes to make sensible policy choices. It sought to impose constraints on elected officials and citizens, often by shifting power to technocrat-guardians who were shielded from political influence. It placed great faith in the power of legal changes—new laws, treaties, and contracts—to produce significant alterations in the performance of governmental systems. Even before the global economic crisis of 2007-2009, the logic of discipline was under assault. Faced with many failed reform projects, advocates of discipline realized that they had underestimated the complexity of governmental change. Opponents of discipline emphasized the damage to democratic values that followed from the empowerment of new groups of technocrat-guardians. The financial crisis did further damage to the logic of discipline, as governments modified their attitudes about central bank independence and fiscal control, and global financial and trade flows declined. It was the market that now appeared to behave myopically and erratically, and which now insisted that governments should abandon precepts about the role of government that it had once insisted were inviolable. An account of neoliberal governmental restructuring across the world, The Logic of Discipline offers an analysis of how this undemocratic model is unravelling in the face of a monumental and ongoing failure of the market.Less
The era of economic liberalization, spanning 1978 to 2008, is often regarded as a period in which government was simply dismantled. In fact, government was reconstructed to meet the needs of a globalized economy. Central banking, fiscal control, tax collection, regulation, port and airport management, infrastructure development—in all of these areas, radical reforms were made to the architecture of government. A common philosophy shaped all of these reforms: the logic of discipline. It was premised on deep skepticism about the ability of democratic processes to make sensible policy choices. It sought to impose constraints on elected officials and citizens, often by shifting power to technocrat-guardians who were shielded from political influence. It placed great faith in the power of legal changes—new laws, treaties, and contracts—to produce significant alterations in the performance of governmental systems. Even before the global economic crisis of 2007-2009, the logic of discipline was under assault. Faced with many failed reform projects, advocates of discipline realized that they had underestimated the complexity of governmental change. Opponents of discipline emphasized the damage to democratic values that followed from the empowerment of new groups of technocrat-guardians. The financial crisis did further damage to the logic of discipline, as governments modified their attitudes about central bank independence and fiscal control, and global financial and trade flows declined. It was the market that now appeared to behave myopically and erratically, and which now insisted that governments should abandon precepts about the role of government that it had once insisted were inviolable. An account of neoliberal governmental restructuring across the world, The Logic of Discipline offers an analysis of how this undemocratic model is unravelling in the face of a monumental and ongoing failure of the market.
Rosario G. Manasan and Shiladitya Chatterjee
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195158984
- eISBN:
- 9780199869107
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195158989.003.0011
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Attempts to evaluate the progress that has been made to date in reducing spatial inequality. More specifically, it aims to evaluate the pattern of regional economic development from 1975 to 2000, ...
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Attempts to evaluate the progress that has been made to date in reducing spatial inequality. More specifically, it aims to evaluate the pattern of regional economic development from 1975 to 2000, assess the gains, if any, in reducing regional disparities, and estimate the extent to which government policies have contributed to regional convergence. Employing convergence methodology, the study finds that there has been “alpha” convergence (a decline in overall regional inequality), and also often “beta” convergence (the poorer regions catching up to the richer ones), which is shown to correlate strongly with agricultural growth. Additionally, it draws attention to the key role of physical infrastructure in shaping regional outcomes, the country's experience with decentralization, and the vertical and horizontal fiscal imbalances among LGUs.Less
Attempts to evaluate the progress that has been made to date in reducing spatial inequality. More specifically, it aims to evaluate the pattern of regional economic development from 1975 to 2000, assess the gains, if any, in reducing regional disparities, and estimate the extent to which government policies have contributed to regional convergence. Employing convergence methodology, the study finds that there has been “alpha” convergence (a decline in overall regional inequality), and also often “beta” convergence (the poorer regions catching up to the richer ones), which is shown to correlate strongly with agricultural growth. Additionally, it draws attention to the key role of physical infrastructure in shaping regional outcomes, the country's experience with decentralization, and the vertical and horizontal fiscal imbalances among LGUs.
Yue-man Yeung and Gordon Kee
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028504
- eISBN:
- 9789882206717
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028504.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter emphasizes the importance of infrastructure development for the regional economy and addresses the specific challenges of and opportunities for such development in the Pan-Pearl River ...
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This chapter emphasizes the importance of infrastructure development for the regional economy and addresses the specific challenges of and opportunities for such development in the Pan-Pearl River Delta (Pan-PRD). It examines infrastructure developments including the regional transport plan; and highway, rail, port, waterway, and airport projects. It also addresses the challenges inherent in implementing infrastructure development proposals, arguing that a timely regional cooperation framework is essential for the advancement of cross-boundary infrastructure works.Less
This chapter emphasizes the importance of infrastructure development for the regional economy and addresses the specific challenges of and opportunities for such development in the Pan-Pearl River Delta (Pan-PRD). It examines infrastructure developments including the regional transport plan; and highway, rail, port, waterway, and airport projects. It also addresses the challenges inherent in implementing infrastructure development proposals, arguing that a timely regional cooperation framework is essential for the advancement of cross-boundary infrastructure works.
Mthuli Ncube
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447326632
- eISBN:
- 9781447326663
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447326632.003.0015
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
There is a consensus that Africa has a huge infrastructure deficit. An urgent question demanding our attention therefore is: what are the levels of access to sources of local market finance for ...
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There is a consensus that Africa has a huge infrastructure deficit. An urgent question demanding our attention therefore is: what are the levels of access to sources of local market finance for infrastructure development in Africa? It brings to our attention the state of infrastructure access in the continent with a special focus on constraints to infrastructure development in Africa. The Chapter then discusses innovative local sources of infrastructure finance in the continent alongside some of the constraints and solutions to a major source that the African Development Bank has emphasized lately—infrastructure bond. The other question to be answered therefore is: given the constraints and opportunities, what is the role of the African Development Bank?Less
There is a consensus that Africa has a huge infrastructure deficit. An urgent question demanding our attention therefore is: what are the levels of access to sources of local market finance for infrastructure development in Africa? It brings to our attention the state of infrastructure access in the continent with a special focus on constraints to infrastructure development in Africa. The Chapter then discusses innovative local sources of infrastructure finance in the continent alongside some of the constraints and solutions to a major source that the African Development Bank has emphasized lately—infrastructure bond. The other question to be answered therefore is: given the constraints and opportunities, what is the role of the African Development Bank?
Alastair R. Lucas
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199645039
- eISBN:
- 9780191738647
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199645039.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law, Public International Law
This chapter is about public regulation in an interjurisdictional setting. It asks whether there are fundamental constitutional federalism constraints that must be taken into account in energy ...
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This chapter is about public regulation in an interjurisdictional setting. It asks whether there are fundamental constitutional federalism constraints that must be taken into account in energy infrastructure development. If so, what is the potential impact of these constraints? For this purpose, case studies of two major Canadian energy infrastructure projects are undertaken. Both involve pipelines — one oil and the other natural gas. If there are federalism constraints that go beyond mere regulatory requirements and process, what arrangements or instruments can be used to mitigate constitutional constraints? Major issues highlighted by the case studies are facilities' approval and regulation, environmental, and socio-economic impacts, including effects on property and aboriginal rights of First Nations.Less
This chapter is about public regulation in an interjurisdictional setting. It asks whether there are fundamental constitutional federalism constraints that must be taken into account in energy infrastructure development. If so, what is the potential impact of these constraints? For this purpose, case studies of two major Canadian energy infrastructure projects are undertaken. Both involve pipelines — one oil and the other natural gas. If there are federalism constraints that go beyond mere regulatory requirements and process, what arrangements or instruments can be used to mitigate constitutional constraints? Major issues highlighted by the case studies are facilities' approval and regulation, environmental, and socio-economic impacts, including effects on property and aboriginal rights of First Nations.
Horace A. Bartilow
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781469652559
- eISBN:
- 9781469652573
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652559.003.0005
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Building on the arguments presented in the previous chapters, this chapter is motivated by the following question: How does the drug enforcement regime’s addiction to increasing counternarcotic aid ...
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Building on the arguments presented in the previous chapters, this chapter is motivated by the following question: How does the drug enforcement regime’s addiction to increasing counternarcotic aid facilitate the expansion of American and other transnational corporate investments in Latin America and, in the process, create the conditions that give rise to corporate-induced repression? In answering this question, the chapter develops a theoretical framework that draws insights from the literature on foreign aid and its effect on foreign capital flows and then integrates these insights into theories of repression in dependent capitalist societies. It is argued that, in addition to combating drug trafficking, U.S. counternarcotic aid facilitates the expansion of American and other transnational corporate investments in Latin America by financing countries’ infrastructure development. In conjunction with neoliberal economic reforms, drug war infrastructure financing in Latin America is likely to facilitate the expansion of corporate investments by resource-seeking industries that require greater land use, which encroaches on the ancestral territories of Indigenous peoples. And, in response to Indigenous resistance to corporate appropriation of ancestral lands, resource-seeking transnational corporations will collude with local security forces, private security firms, and paramilitary death squads to repress and eliminate resistance to capital accumulation.Less
Building on the arguments presented in the previous chapters, this chapter is motivated by the following question: How does the drug enforcement regime’s addiction to increasing counternarcotic aid facilitate the expansion of American and other transnational corporate investments in Latin America and, in the process, create the conditions that give rise to corporate-induced repression? In answering this question, the chapter develops a theoretical framework that draws insights from the literature on foreign aid and its effect on foreign capital flows and then integrates these insights into theories of repression in dependent capitalist societies. It is argued that, in addition to combating drug trafficking, U.S. counternarcotic aid facilitates the expansion of American and other transnational corporate investments in Latin America by financing countries’ infrastructure development. In conjunction with neoliberal economic reforms, drug war infrastructure financing in Latin America is likely to facilitate the expansion of corporate investments by resource-seeking industries that require greater land use, which encroaches on the ancestral territories of Indigenous peoples. And, in response to Indigenous resistance to corporate appropriation of ancestral lands, resource-seeking transnational corporations will collude with local security forces, private security firms, and paramilitary death squads to repress and eliminate resistance to capital accumulation.
Khun Eng Kuah-Pearce
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028818
- eISBN:
- 9789882207332
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028818.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This chapter explores the extent to which the Singapore Chinese are locked into a set of social relationships within a moral economy that constantly pushes them to assist with village development, ...
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This chapter explores the extent to which the Singapore Chinese are locked into a set of social relationships within a moral economy that constantly pushes them to assist with village development, including the rebuilding of ancestral houses. After the 1978 reform, the more liberal political climate of relations between China and Singapore enabled an increasing number of Singapore Chinese to make regular social visits to their ancestral villages. Their involvement in village development has been primarily in terms of financial assistance, but they have also provided technical support in basic infrastructure development and the reconstruction of their ancestral houses.Less
This chapter explores the extent to which the Singapore Chinese are locked into a set of social relationships within a moral economy that constantly pushes them to assist with village development, including the rebuilding of ancestral houses. After the 1978 reform, the more liberal political climate of relations between China and Singapore enabled an increasing number of Singapore Chinese to make regular social visits to their ancestral villages. Their involvement in village development has been primarily in terms of financial assistance, but they have also provided technical support in basic infrastructure development and the reconstruction of their ancestral houses.
Zoya Hasan
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780195685978
- eISBN:
- 9780199082216
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195685978.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
This chapter examines how the Congress-led coalition government balanced economic growth with equality of opportunity in employment. It explains that the United Progressive Alliance took a number of ...
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This chapter examines how the Congress-led coalition government balanced economic growth with equality of opportunity in employment. It explains that the United Progressive Alliance took a number of policy initiatives including the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) and the Bharat Nirman, a major initiative on rural infrastructure development. This chapter suggests that the NREGA was the most significant government programme for having added redistributive measures to growth. It also highlights the importance of Sonia Gandhi's support for NREGA in giving meaning to the pro-poor position of the party and in helping the idea of employment guarantee gain traction.Less
This chapter examines how the Congress-led coalition government balanced economic growth with equality of opportunity in employment. It explains that the United Progressive Alliance took a number of policy initiatives including the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) and the Bharat Nirman, a major initiative on rural infrastructure development. This chapter suggests that the NREGA was the most significant government programme for having added redistributive measures to growth. It also highlights the importance of Sonia Gandhi's support for NREGA in giving meaning to the pro-poor position of the party and in helping the idea of employment guarantee gain traction.
Fantu Cheru and Arkebe Oqubay
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198830504
- eISBN:
- 9780191868696
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198830504.003.0014
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Economic cooperation between China and Africa has deepened in scope and scale in recent times, and FOCAC has emerged as the largest South–South economic partnership platform. However, evidence ...
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Economic cooperation between China and Africa has deepened in scope and scale in recent times, and FOCAC has emerged as the largest South–South economic partnership platform. However, evidence suggests that the catalytic effect of China–Africa engagement on the economic transformation of African countries has been uneven, primarily shaped by the strategic response of the respective African countries. This chapter proposes that China–Africa economic ties should be examined from a structural transformation perspective to adequately evaluate the catalytic effect of Chinese engagement on the economic growth and diversification of African economies, the development of domestic capabilities, and lastly on Africa’s successful insertion into the globalized economy of the twenty-first century. Based on the experience of Ethiopia, the chapter unpacks the pathways to structural transformation in the African context, and the role of the state in guiding the economy through a proactive and strategic approach to economic transformation. The chapter concludes with pathways to the future.Less
Economic cooperation between China and Africa has deepened in scope and scale in recent times, and FOCAC has emerged as the largest South–South economic partnership platform. However, evidence suggests that the catalytic effect of China–Africa engagement on the economic transformation of African countries has been uneven, primarily shaped by the strategic response of the respective African countries. This chapter proposes that China–Africa economic ties should be examined from a structural transformation perspective to adequately evaluate the catalytic effect of Chinese engagement on the economic growth and diversification of African economies, the development of domestic capabilities, and lastly on Africa’s successful insertion into the globalized economy of the twenty-first century. Based on the experience of Ethiopia, the chapter unpacks the pathways to structural transformation in the African context, and the role of the state in guiding the economy through a proactive and strategic approach to economic transformation. The chapter concludes with pathways to the future.
Lisa Parks
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252039362
- eISBN:
- 9780252097416
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252039362.003.0005
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This chapter describes a particular rural configuration of Internet infrastructure in Zambia. It shows that access in this location is contingent on water resources, which not only generate ...
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This chapter describes a particular rural configuration of Internet infrastructure in Zambia. It shows that access in this location is contingent on water resources, which not only generate hydroelectricity for the Zambian power grid but are also necessary for prospective Internet users' everyday survival in the community of Macha. Understanding the materialization of Internet infrastructure in rural Zambia works to destabilize dominant discourses that posit ICT (information and communication technology) diffusion and adoption in rural Africa as a straightforward path to “modernization,” “development,” and “global integration,” and instead points to local political, economic, and cultural challenges to the Internet's globalization. The chapter then foregrounds the struggles and contestations that are part of infrastructure development; the energy and biopower that infrastructures rely on; the relationality of water, transportation, and information systems; and the alternate ways that people imagine, use, or respond to infrastructure.Less
This chapter describes a particular rural configuration of Internet infrastructure in Zambia. It shows that access in this location is contingent on water resources, which not only generate hydroelectricity for the Zambian power grid but are also necessary for prospective Internet users' everyday survival in the community of Macha. Understanding the materialization of Internet infrastructure in rural Zambia works to destabilize dominant discourses that posit ICT (information and communication technology) diffusion and adoption in rural Africa as a straightforward path to “modernization,” “development,” and “global integration,” and instead points to local political, economic, and cultural challenges to the Internet's globalization. The chapter then foregrounds the struggles and contestations that are part of infrastructure development; the energy and biopower that infrastructures rely on; the relationality of water, transportation, and information systems; and the alternate ways that people imagine, use, or respond to infrastructure.
Dan Bogart (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804772730
- eISBN:
- 9780804777612
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804772730.003.0015
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter discusses the link between British legal institutions and infrastructure development in early modern Britain. It examines the era following the Glorious Revolution that saw a shift in ...
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This chapter discusses the link between British legal institutions and infrastructure development in early modern Britain. It examines the era following the Glorious Revolution that saw a shift in the use of juries in legal trials to recommend compensation for land acquired for road, river, canal, and railway projects. It suggests that juries redistributed profits from river navigation promoters to landowners and in the process discouraged projects at the margin of profitability. It concludes that jury redistribution provides an important illustration of how the “losers” gain from changes in property rights in an era when Britain was undergoing rapid economic transformation.Less
This chapter discusses the link between British legal institutions and infrastructure development in early modern Britain. It examines the era following the Glorious Revolution that saw a shift in the use of juries in legal trials to recommend compensation for land acquired for road, river, canal, and railway projects. It suggests that juries redistributed profits from river navigation promoters to landowners and in the process discouraged projects at the margin of profitability. It concludes that jury redistribution provides an important illustration of how the “losers” gain from changes in property rights in an era when Britain was undergoing rapid economic transformation.
Göran Cars and Bjorn HåRsman
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853238454
- eISBN:
- 9781846313639
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853238454.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
The economic recession in Sweden from the 1970s to the 1990s led to a rethinking of the role of national planning. This chapter discusses the emergence of national planning in Sweden, describes the ...
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The economic recession in Sweden from the 1970s to the 1990s led to a rethinking of the role of national planning. This chapter discusses the emergence of national planning in Sweden, describes the current political and administrative framework for the planning system, and also examines government policies and intervention in social welfare, environmental issues, housing, and infrastructure development.Less
The economic recession in Sweden from the 1970s to the 1990s led to a rethinking of the role of national planning. This chapter discusses the emergence of national planning in Sweden, describes the current political and administrative framework for the planning system, and also examines government policies and intervention in social welfare, environmental issues, housing, and infrastructure development.
Patrick Bolton, Frederic Samama, and Joseph E. Stiglitz (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231158633
- eISBN:
- 9780231530286
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231158633.003.0047
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter presents the responses to some questions and/or comments raised during the panel on risk management during macroeconomic uncertainty. One participant asked whether the flood of ...
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This chapter presents the responses to some questions and/or comments raised during the panel on risk management during macroeconomic uncertainty. One participant asked whether the flood of liquidity, thanks to the U.S. Federal Reserve, is a fundamental cause of the problems we are facing in the twenty-first century. Another said that there is a lot of criticism of QE2 in the United States and that it may be the best response to a really difficult situation after a bubble of twenty years. A participant also questioned the ability of the United States to afford its infrastructure and asked about the possibility of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) investing to develop U.S. infrastructure.Less
This chapter presents the responses to some questions and/or comments raised during the panel on risk management during macroeconomic uncertainty. One participant asked whether the flood of liquidity, thanks to the U.S. Federal Reserve, is a fundamental cause of the problems we are facing in the twenty-first century. Another said that there is a lot of criticism of QE2 in the United States and that it may be the best response to a really difficult situation after a bubble of twenty years. A participant also questioned the ability of the United States to afford its infrastructure and asked about the possibility of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) investing to develop U.S. infrastructure.
Ashley Carse
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262028110
- eISBN:
- 9780262320467
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028110.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter depicts everyday experiences with transportation infrastructure around the Panama Canal. By following the roads that link terminus cities, transportation facilities, and rural areas, it ...
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This chapter depicts everyday experiences with transportation infrastructure around the Panama Canal. By following the roads that link terminus cities, transportation facilities, and rural areas, it shows how these spaces are connected to one another and networked with global infrastructures. As one moves further from the shipping lane, local transportation infrastructure is less well maintained. Rural areas are marked by decayed rural development infrastructure, a former “global” project that once played a more prominent role in the area.Less
This chapter depicts everyday experiences with transportation infrastructure around the Panama Canal. By following the roads that link terminus cities, transportation facilities, and rural areas, it shows how these spaces are connected to one another and networked with global infrastructures. As one moves further from the shipping lane, local transportation infrastructure is less well maintained. Rural areas are marked by decayed rural development infrastructure, a former “global” project that once played a more prominent role in the area.
Güzin Bayar
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198753407
- eISBN:
- 9780191815041
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198753407.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Macro- and Monetary Economics, International
This chapter studying the liberalization of transport sectors and the effects of infrastructure development in Turkey first studies the opening up of Turkish transport sectors. Noting that barriers ...
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This chapter studying the liberalization of transport sectors and the effects of infrastructure development in Turkey first studies the opening up of Turkish transport sectors. Noting that barriers to trade of transport services lead to inefficiencies in service sectors and to high costs of services it discusses how protectionist the trade regimes in Turkey and in those of Turkey’s trading partners are. The chapter discusses the World Bank’s new Services Trade Restrictions Database, the OECD’s Services Trade Restrictiveness Index and the OECD’s Indicators of Product Market Regulations database. The chapter quantitatively determines the tariff equivalents of barriers to trade in both Turkey’s transport sectors and in Turkey’s major export markets using the approach developed by Chen and Novy. It analyses the effects of liberalization in Turkey’s transport service sectors and in Turkey’s major trading partners using a computable general equilibrium model and finally discusses the economic impact of infrastructure development.Less
This chapter studying the liberalization of transport sectors and the effects of infrastructure development in Turkey first studies the opening up of Turkish transport sectors. Noting that barriers to trade of transport services lead to inefficiencies in service sectors and to high costs of services it discusses how protectionist the trade regimes in Turkey and in those of Turkey’s trading partners are. The chapter discusses the World Bank’s new Services Trade Restrictions Database, the OECD’s Services Trade Restrictiveness Index and the OECD’s Indicators of Product Market Regulations database. The chapter quantitatively determines the tariff equivalents of barriers to trade in both Turkey’s transport sectors and in Turkey’s major export markets using the approach developed by Chen and Novy. It analyses the effects of liberalization in Turkey’s transport service sectors and in Turkey’s major trading partners using a computable general equilibrium model and finally discusses the economic impact of infrastructure development.
Marianne E. Krasny, Chew-Hung Chang, Marna Hauk, and Bryce B. DuBois
Alex Russ and Marianne E. Krasny (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781501705823
- eISBN:
- 9781501712791
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501705823.003.0009
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
This chapter examines how environmental education—including school and public programs developed by universities and government agencies as well as initiatives that emerge from the efforts of ...
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This chapter examines how environmental education—including school and public programs developed by universities and government agencies as well as initiatives that emerge from the efforts of grassroots organizations—can help in the response to and preparation for climate change and related disasters. More specifically, it considers how we can hold true to our foundational values of enhancing the environment, including efforts to mitigate climate change, while addressing the reality that climate change has already irreversibly changed our environment and that we need to adapt and transform. The chapter looks at examples of formal school curricula, engineered infrastructure development, and public outreach in Singapore and through an exploratory “three Rs” (reclamation, resilience, regeneration) approach to climate-responsive environmental and sustainability education in the United States.Less
This chapter examines how environmental education—including school and public programs developed by universities and government agencies as well as initiatives that emerge from the efforts of grassroots organizations—can help in the response to and preparation for climate change and related disasters. More specifically, it considers how we can hold true to our foundational values of enhancing the environment, including efforts to mitigate climate change, while addressing the reality that climate change has already irreversibly changed our environment and that we need to adapt and transform. The chapter looks at examples of formal school curricula, engineered infrastructure development, and public outreach in Singapore and through an exploratory “three Rs” (reclamation, resilience, regeneration) approach to climate-responsive environmental and sustainability education in the United States.
Yukon Huang
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- July 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190630034
- eISBN:
- 9780190630065
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190630034.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
President Xi’s “China Dream” is underpinned by the country’s expanding trade and aid initiatives. While many welcome such opportunities, Beijing’s assertive foreign policy has exacerbated tensions. ...
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President Xi’s “China Dream” is underpinned by the country’s expanding trade and aid initiatives. While many welcome such opportunities, Beijing’s assertive foreign policy has exacerbated tensions. Meanwhile, America’s rebalancing toward Asia is seen by China as a containment strategy. China’s response has been to launch its “One Belt, One Road” initiative to support infrastructure development along historic land and maritime routes across Asia and the Middle East to Europe. Beijing’s plans have been substantiated by large amounts of lending and a new multilateral institution. China is no longer willing to accept the United States as the dominant regional power, yet it is unclear whether America is prepared to surrender any portion of its primacy. It remains to be seen whether the disputes over the sovereignty of regional islands will lead to conflicts or a conciliatory process that will allow the region to remain stable and prosper.Less
President Xi’s “China Dream” is underpinned by the country’s expanding trade and aid initiatives. While many welcome such opportunities, Beijing’s assertive foreign policy has exacerbated tensions. Meanwhile, America’s rebalancing toward Asia is seen by China as a containment strategy. China’s response has been to launch its “One Belt, One Road” initiative to support infrastructure development along historic land and maritime routes across Asia and the Middle East to Europe. Beijing’s plans have been substantiated by large amounts of lending and a new multilateral institution. China is no longer willing to accept the United States as the dominant regional power, yet it is unclear whether America is prepared to surrender any portion of its primacy. It remains to be seen whether the disputes over the sovereignty of regional islands will lead to conflicts or a conciliatory process that will allow the region to remain stable and prosper.
Anthony P. D'Costa and Achin Chakraborty (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198792444
- eISBN:
- 9780191834431
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198792444.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This book takes a fresh look at the land question in India. It goes beyond re-engagement in the rich transition debate by critically examining both theoretically and empirically the role of land in ...
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This book takes a fresh look at the land question in India. It goes beyond re-engagement in the rich transition debate by critically examining both theoretically and empirically the role of land in contemporary India. Springing from the political economy discourse surrounding the classic capitalist transition issue in agriculture in India, the book gravitates toward the development discourse that inevitably veers toward land and the role of the state in pushing a process of dispossession of peasants through direct expropriation for developmental purposes. Contemporary dispossession may look similar to the historical process of primitive accumulation that makes room for capitalist agriculture and expanded accumulation. But this volume shows that land in India is sought increasingly for non-agricultural purposes as well. These include risk mitigation by farmers, real estate development, infrastructure development by states often on behalf of business, and special economic zones. Tribal communities (advasis), who depend on land for their livelihoods and a moral economy that is independent of any price-driven markets, hold on to land for collective security. Thus land acquisition continues to be a turbulent arena in which classes, castes, and communities are in conflict with the state and capital, each jockeying to determine the terms and conditions of land transactions or their prevention, through both market and non-market mechanisms. The volume collectively addresses the role of the state involved in the process of dispossession of peasants and tribal communities. It provides new analytical insights into the land acquisition processes, their legal-institutional and ethical implications, and captures empirically the multifaceted regional diversity of the contestations surrounding the acquisition experiences in India.Less
This book takes a fresh look at the land question in India. It goes beyond re-engagement in the rich transition debate by critically examining both theoretically and empirically the role of land in contemporary India. Springing from the political economy discourse surrounding the classic capitalist transition issue in agriculture in India, the book gravitates toward the development discourse that inevitably veers toward land and the role of the state in pushing a process of dispossession of peasants through direct expropriation for developmental purposes. Contemporary dispossession may look similar to the historical process of primitive accumulation that makes room for capitalist agriculture and expanded accumulation. But this volume shows that land in India is sought increasingly for non-agricultural purposes as well. These include risk mitigation by farmers, real estate development, infrastructure development by states often on behalf of business, and special economic zones. Tribal communities (advasis), who depend on land for their livelihoods and a moral economy that is independent of any price-driven markets, hold on to land for collective security. Thus land acquisition continues to be a turbulent arena in which classes, castes, and communities are in conflict with the state and capital, each jockeying to determine the terms and conditions of land transactions or their prevention, through both market and non-market mechanisms. The volume collectively addresses the role of the state involved in the process of dispossession of peasants and tribal communities. It provides new analytical insights into the land acquisition processes, their legal-institutional and ethical implications, and captures empirically the multifaceted regional diversity of the contestations surrounding the acquisition experiences in India.
Kaushik Basu
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029629
- eISBN:
- 9780262331678
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029629.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
Fiscal policy can be used to boost investment and infrastructure development and, via these, growth. But there is no cookbook for how to do this. One has to develop the theory of fiscal policy as one ...
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Fiscal policy can be used to boost investment and infrastructure development and, via these, growth. But there is no cookbook for how to do this. One has to develop the theory of fiscal policy as one goes along, drawing on the best available data and analytical research. The art of doing this is described, as is the art of managing the exchange rate. The chapter ends with a discussion of the conundrums that arise when one has to both predict and manage certain macro parameters, as policymakers often have to do.Less
Fiscal policy can be used to boost investment and infrastructure development and, via these, growth. But there is no cookbook for how to do this. One has to develop the theory of fiscal policy as one goes along, drawing on the best available data and analytical research. The art of doing this is described, as is the art of managing the exchange rate. The chapter ends with a discussion of the conundrums that arise when one has to both predict and manage certain macro parameters, as policymakers often have to do.
Sübidey Togan
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198753407
- eISBN:
- 9780191815041
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198753407.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Macro- and Monetary Economics, International
This book is about the liberalization of transportation services. Since barriers to trade in services are typically regulatory in nature, and the outcomes of services liberalization depend heavily on ...
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This book is about the liberalization of transportation services. Since barriers to trade in services are typically regulatory in nature, and the outcomes of services liberalization depend heavily on the regulatory environments, the study concentrates on analysing the effects of changes in regulatory frameworks. It studies not only the effects of unilateral liberalization within the context of international trade but also the effects of liberalizing transport services within a regional context. The book provides a thorough discussion of international and regional rules and regulations in road transportation, rail transportation, maritime transportation, and air transportation. When considering the liberalization of transport services within a regional context, the study concentrates on the case of the European Union (EU) and makes reference to Turkey, a candidate to EU accession. The book shows that economic liberalization pursued unilaterally or regionally has beneficial effects for the country, but that the best policy for Turkey is to pursue liberalization of trade with the EU in road, maritime, and air transport services that will lead to simultaneous reduction of trade costs in Turkey as well as in the EU member countries.Less
This book is about the liberalization of transportation services. Since barriers to trade in services are typically regulatory in nature, and the outcomes of services liberalization depend heavily on the regulatory environments, the study concentrates on analysing the effects of changes in regulatory frameworks. It studies not only the effects of unilateral liberalization within the context of international trade but also the effects of liberalizing transport services within a regional context. The book provides a thorough discussion of international and regional rules and regulations in road transportation, rail transportation, maritime transportation, and air transportation. When considering the liberalization of transport services within a regional context, the study concentrates on the case of the European Union (EU) and makes reference to Turkey, a candidate to EU accession. The book shows that economic liberalization pursued unilaterally or regionally has beneficial effects for the country, but that the best policy for Turkey is to pursue liberalization of trade with the EU in road, maritime, and air transport services that will lead to simultaneous reduction of trade costs in Turkey as well as in the EU member countries.
