Giuliano Matessi, Ricardo J. Matos, and Torben Dabelsteen
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199216840
- eISBN:
- 9780191712043
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199216840.003.0003
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
Communication allows individuals to share information and plays a central role in determining animal social behaviour. Animals live in social networks of multiple individuals connected by links ...
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Communication allows individuals to share information and plays a central role in determining animal social behaviour. Animals live in social networks of multiple individuals connected by links representing different interaction types. Signalling interactions form the base of the communication network (i.e., all conspecifics within signalling range) experienced by an individual and are particularly important for information exchange. Looking at interactions within a network has helped identify and explain the diverse signalling and receiving strategies adopted by animals, and may likewise help explain other social interactions. This chapter presents a network model which integrates the concepts of communication and social network. It illustrates how this model can affect information exchange in animal communities with different social structures and ecologies. Finally, it presents some concrete examples of the questions that arise and can be answered when looking at the behavioural ecology of birds from a network perspective.Less
Communication allows individuals to share information and plays a central role in determining animal social behaviour. Animals live in social networks of multiple individuals connected by links representing different interaction types. Signalling interactions form the base of the communication network (i.e., all conspecifics within signalling range) experienced by an individual and are particularly important for information exchange. Looking at interactions within a network has helped identify and explain the diverse signalling and receiving strategies adopted by animals, and may likewise help explain other social interactions. This chapter presents a network model which integrates the concepts of communication and social network. It illustrates how this model can affect information exchange in animal communities with different social structures and ecologies. Finally, it presents some concrete examples of the questions that arise and can be answered when looking at the behavioural ecology of birds from a network perspective.
Pamela E. Oliver and Daniel J. Myers
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199251780
- eISBN:
- 9780191599057
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199251789.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Uses simulation models to explore network mechanisms in diffusion processes and protest cycles. The network dimension is taken into account, focusing on three processes: information flows, influence ...
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Uses simulation models to explore network mechanisms in diffusion processes and protest cycles. The network dimension is taken into account, focusing on three processes: information flows, influence flows, and the construction of joint action. The repeatable and reversible nature of protest requires models of diffusion that focus on the spread of actions and not the spread of ideas across actors. Moreover, while diffusion processes tend to generate waves or cycles of events, not all waves of events arise from diffusion processes. The effect of network structure varies greatly depending upon the nature of a particular network process.Less
Uses simulation models to explore network mechanisms in diffusion processes and protest cycles. The network dimension is taken into account, focusing on three processes: information flows, influence flows, and the construction of joint action. The repeatable and reversible nature of protest requires models of diffusion that focus on the spread of actions and not the spread of ideas across actors. Moreover, while diffusion processes tend to generate waves or cycles of events, not all waves of events arise from diffusion processes. The effect of network structure varies greatly depending upon the nature of a particular network process.
Kenneth H. Craik
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195330922
- eISBN:
- 9780199868292
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195330922.003.0002
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter analyzes the ongoing social communication process through which news, observations, and impressions about an individual circulate along that person’s reputational network via chat, ...
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This chapter analyzes the ongoing social communication process through which news, observations, and impressions about an individual circulate along that person’s reputational network via chat, gossip sessions, occasions of qualified privilege, and more formal means. In the network interpretation of reputation, the daily ebb and flow of information through the media of various forms of communication and discourse will be deemed the “discursive reputation,” referring to what is said about the person. Reputational networks are activated by social communication. In everyday life, we are surrounded by and awash in chat and gossip, and much of it is about specific persons. Much of what we know about most individuals we claim to know is indirect in this sense, derived from everyday, informal surveillance.Less
This chapter analyzes the ongoing social communication process through which news, observations, and impressions about an individual circulate along that person’s reputational network via chat, gossip sessions, occasions of qualified privilege, and more formal means. In the network interpretation of reputation, the daily ebb and flow of information through the media of various forms of communication and discourse will be deemed the “discursive reputation,” referring to what is said about the person. Reputational networks are activated by social communication. In everyday life, we are surrounded by and awash in chat and gossip, and much of it is about specific persons. Much of what we know about most individuals we claim to know is indirect in this sense, derived from everyday, informal surveillance.
Kenneth H. Craik
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195330922
- eISBN:
- 9780199868292
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195330922.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
The network interpretation of reputation advanced in this book depicts the everyday flow and storage of information about a person throughout the extensive lifelong network of all of those other ...
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The network interpretation of reputation advanced in this book depicts the everyday flow and storage of information about a person throughout the extensive lifelong network of all of those other individuals who have come to know that person. This demonstration of the underlying components and development of a person’s reputation affords examination of such issues as truth in reputation, how persons are both the agent and resultant of their reputations, the mutual relevance of reputation and personality, the psychological structure of libel law, and three distinct stages in the evolution of a person’s posthumous reputation network. The explicit network approach provides guidance for addressing such questions as How can we estimate the total membership size of a person’s lifelong reputational community? What adaptive social functions does gossip serve? What does the libel court of London teach us about the risks of communicating information about specific other persons and of defaming and being defamed? What changes occur in the flow of information about persons upon their death? This integrative network conception of reputation brings together a wide range of subfields in the social sciences and humanities into a coherent framework. They include biographical studies, cultural history, evolutionary psychology, gossip research, libel law, organizational psychology, personality assessment, publicity and public relations, social cognition, social network analysis, and social representation theory. The comprehensiveness of the network interpretation of reputation spotlights new forms of interdisciplinary analysis and shows how scholars and scientists in a broad array of disciplines have something important to contribute.Less
The network interpretation of reputation advanced in this book depicts the everyday flow and storage of information about a person throughout the extensive lifelong network of all of those other individuals who have come to know that person. This demonstration of the underlying components and development of a person’s reputation affords examination of such issues as truth in reputation, how persons are both the agent and resultant of their reputations, the mutual relevance of reputation and personality, the psychological structure of libel law, and three distinct stages in the evolution of a person’s posthumous reputation network. The explicit network approach provides guidance for addressing such questions as How can we estimate the total membership size of a person’s lifelong reputational community? What adaptive social functions does gossip serve? What does the libel court of London teach us about the risks of communicating information about specific other persons and of defaming and being defamed? What changes occur in the flow of information about persons upon their death? This integrative network conception of reputation brings together a wide range of subfields in the social sciences and humanities into a coherent framework. They include biographical studies, cultural history, evolutionary psychology, gossip research, libel law, organizational psychology, personality assessment, publicity and public relations, social cognition, social network analysis, and social representation theory. The comprehensiveness of the network interpretation of reputation spotlights new forms of interdisciplinary analysis and shows how scholars and scientists in a broad array of disciplines have something important to contribute.
Brian Skyrms
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199580828
- eISBN:
- 9780191722769
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199580828.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Language, Philosophy of Science
This chapter shows that information is carried by signals. It flows through signaling networks that not only transmit it, but also filter, combine, and process it in various ways. We can investigate ...
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This chapter shows that information is carried by signals. It flows through signaling networks that not only transmit it, but also filter, combine, and process it in various ways. We can investigate the flow of information using a framework of generalized signaling games. The dynamics of evolution and learning in these games illuminate the creation and flow of information.Less
This chapter shows that information is carried by signals. It flows through signaling networks that not only transmit it, but also filter, combine, and process it in various ways. We can investigate the flow of information using a framework of generalized signaling games. The dynamics of evolution and learning in these games illuminate the creation and flow of information.
Stuart Macdonald
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199241477
- eISBN:
- 9780191696947
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199241477.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation, Organization Studies
This chapter discusses how information should flow in an organization. There are only two ways in which information can exist in any location — either it was created there, or it was transferred ...
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This chapter discusses how information should flow in an organization. There are only two ways in which information can exist in any location — either it was created there, or it was transferred there from somewhere else. It is often assumed that information is transferred from a single source as a complete package, a finished innovation. However, rather than a complete package delivered from a single source, bits of information are much more likely to be transferred, and an innovation is a contribution to yet more innovation. The Epidemic Model of Diffusion further explains the flow of information: sent information is not likely to arrive in parts from multiple sources. What is transmitted is what arrives, and all that is required to be known about its transfer can be known from the location and timing of its further incidence.Less
This chapter discusses how information should flow in an organization. There are only two ways in which information can exist in any location — either it was created there, or it was transferred there from somewhere else. It is often assumed that information is transferred from a single source as a complete package, a finished innovation. However, rather than a complete package delivered from a single source, bits of information are much more likely to be transferred, and an innovation is a contribution to yet more innovation. The Epidemic Model of Diffusion further explains the flow of information: sent information is not likely to arrive in parts from multiple sources. What is transmitted is what arrives, and all that is required to be known about its transfer can be known from the location and timing of its further incidence.
Max Boisot and Dorothy Griffiths
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199259281
- eISBN:
- 9780191714306
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199259281.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, Knowledge Management
Supporting knowledge management with information technology is widely characterized as a technical challenge — one of devising an information system in which only those people entitled to use a given ...
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Supporting knowledge management with information technology is widely characterized as a technical challenge — one of devising an information system in which only those people entitled to use a given piece of knowledge can gain access to it, and then making it as easy as possible for those people to do so. This chapter argues that the changing nature of the employment relationship poses a real challenge in getting employees to freely contribute their knowledge in the first place. When organizational competence is based on well articulated knowledge that is well diffused within a company, it may become difficult for the firm to appropriate such knowledge. In both cases, extracting full economic profits from knowledge potentially on offer becomes problematic for a firm. This dilemma is called the paradox of value. This chapter presents a fundamental conceptual framework known as the Information Space or I-Space for the examination of information flows among agents within a firm, and discusses how recent developments in information technology are likely to exacerbate the paradox of value.Less
Supporting knowledge management with information technology is widely characterized as a technical challenge — one of devising an information system in which only those people entitled to use a given piece of knowledge can gain access to it, and then making it as easy as possible for those people to do so. This chapter argues that the changing nature of the employment relationship poses a real challenge in getting employees to freely contribute their knowledge in the first place. When organizational competence is based on well articulated knowledge that is well diffused within a company, it may become difficult for the firm to appropriate such knowledge. In both cases, extracting full economic profits from knowledge potentially on offer becomes problematic for a firm. This dilemma is called the paradox of value. This chapter presents a fundamental conceptual framework known as the Information Space or I-Space for the examination of information flows among agents within a firm, and discusses how recent developments in information technology are likely to exacerbate the paradox of value.
William Lyons
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198752226
- eISBN:
- 9780191695087
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198752226.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, Philosophy of Language
This chapter deals with the information-processing account of Fred Dretske, an account that combines the representational aspect of mental content and the teleological interpretation of its cognitive ...
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This chapter deals with the information-processing account of Fred Dretske, an account that combines the representational aspect of mental content and the teleological interpretation of its cognitive aspect. The core of his account of intentionality lies in his view of the human brain and its perceptual organs as an information-processing system, which in turn is based on ‘information theory’. His works Knowledge and the Flow of Information and Seeing and Knowing show that by using the information-processing input mechanism called the senses, and treating the brain as the information processor, one can build up an account of those paradigms' sophisticated intentional states, knowledge and belief. The chapter also discusses belief states, representational systems, and brain-level functional accounts and consciousness.Less
This chapter deals with the information-processing account of Fred Dretske, an account that combines the representational aspect of mental content and the teleological interpretation of its cognitive aspect. The core of his account of intentionality lies in his view of the human brain and its perceptual organs as an information-processing system, which in turn is based on ‘information theory’. His works Knowledge and the Flow of Information and Seeing and Knowing show that by using the information-processing input mechanism called the senses, and treating the brain as the information processor, one can build up an account of those paradigms' sophisticated intentional states, knowledge and belief. The chapter also discusses belief states, representational systems, and brain-level functional accounts and consciousness.
Max H. Boisot
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198296072
- eISBN:
- 9780191685194
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198296072.003.0009
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management, Organization Studies
This chapter inspects what the impact might be if the process for physical resources and of sharing the adaptive benefits that result throughout a population are being enhanced by the microelectronic ...
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This chapter inspects what the impact might be if the process for physical resources and of sharing the adaptive benefits that result throughout a population are being enhanced by the microelectronic revolution. It could be expected for the microelectronics revolution to have an apparent impact on the dynamics of information flows in the I-Space, as well as on how firms and organizations react to these. The lowering of transaction costs brought about by the microelectronics revolution is likely to exert a strong influence on the cultural and institutional options available to firms, both for their internal management and for their transactions with each other. By facilitating the diffusion of information that is still uncodified and concrete, IT makes it more difficult to reach the level of codification and abstraction required for legal appropriability before others manage to gain possession of it.Less
This chapter inspects what the impact might be if the process for physical resources and of sharing the adaptive benefits that result throughout a population are being enhanced by the microelectronic revolution. It could be expected for the microelectronics revolution to have an apparent impact on the dynamics of information flows in the I-Space, as well as on how firms and organizations react to these. The lowering of transaction costs brought about by the microelectronics revolution is likely to exert a strong influence on the cultural and institutional options available to firms, both for their internal management and for their transactions with each other. By facilitating the diffusion of information that is still uncodified and concrete, IT makes it more difficult to reach the level of codification and abstraction required for legal appropriability before others manage to gain possession of it.
Hendrik S. Houthakker and Peter J. Williamson
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195044072
- eISBN:
- 9780199832958
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019504407X.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
The discussion in this chapter begins with an analysis of central trading places, which looks at the economics of securities trading and the rationale for brokers and central trading places (with ...
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The discussion in this chapter begins with an analysis of central trading places, which looks at the economics of securities trading and the rationale for brokers and central trading places (with reference to US stock exchanges), the types of orders buyers or sellers may place in the market and the way these are executed, and the system of ‘specialists’ commonly found in stock exchanges (which is designed to provide a smooth and continuous market for individual stocks). Next, it briefly examines financial markets without central trading places. This is followed by a look at the mechanics of securities trading in the stock exchanges in London (UK) and Tokyo (Japan). The last section of the chapter discusses the operational efficiency of the stock market and the efficient market hypothesis (EFM), looking at the implications of central exchanges in which information flows rapidly between participants for the efficiency of the stock market as a whole and, in particular, at the ‘random walk’ behavior of share prices.Less
The discussion in this chapter begins with an analysis of central trading places, which looks at the economics of securities trading and the rationale for brokers and central trading places (with reference to US stock exchanges), the types of orders buyers or sellers may place in the market and the way these are executed, and the system of ‘specialists’ commonly found in stock exchanges (which is designed to provide a smooth and continuous market for individual stocks). Next, it briefly examines financial markets without central trading places. This is followed by a look at the mechanics of securities trading in the stock exchanges in London (UK) and Tokyo (Japan). The last section of the chapter discusses the operational efficiency of the stock market and the efficient market hypothesis (EFM), looking at the implications of central exchanges in which information flows rapidly between participants for the efficiency of the stock market as a whole and, in particular, at the ‘random walk’ behavior of share prices.
Zachary Shore
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195154597
- eISBN:
- 9780199868780
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195154597.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter presents some concluding thoughts from the author. It argues that Hitler's power to make informed decisions was limited by the very system he created. Hitler trusted no one. He divulged ...
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This chapter presents some concluding thoughts from the author. It argues that Hitler's power to make informed decisions was limited by the very system he created. Hitler trusted no one. He divulged his intentions warily, occasionally spreading disinformation to confuse his adversaries and subordinates alike. His distrustful nature spread like poison throughout his regime, and it infected the diplomats most of all.Less
This chapter presents some concluding thoughts from the author. It argues that Hitler's power to make informed decisions was limited by the very system he created. Hitler trusted no one. He divulged his intentions warily, occasionally spreading disinformation to confuse his adversaries and subordinates alike. His distrustful nature spread like poison throughout his regime, and it infected the diplomats most of all.
Dorothy E. Denning
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814748114
- eISBN:
- 9780814749470
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814748114.003.0013
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This chapter explores the notion of power and its effects on information flow. Current information flows are dictated by two conflicting powers—the power to enable information flow, and the power to ...
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This chapter explores the notion of power and its effects on information flow. Current information flows are dictated by two conflicting powers—the power to enable information flow, and the power to block the flow. These powers manifest themselves at all levels, such as that of the individual users and the government infrastructure. While an individual may seek access to information, the government may try to block the information or prevent it from leaving or reaching the individual. To this scenario a third entity could be added: the malware creator and digital attacker. Furthermore, localized rules and regulations enable governments and individuals to exercise more control over digital information while also enabling some information flow deemed appropriate by either party. But in the end, it is not the ability to control flows that matters as much as the ability to influence decisions and actions.Less
This chapter explores the notion of power and its effects on information flow. Current information flows are dictated by two conflicting powers—the power to enable information flow, and the power to block the flow. These powers manifest themselves at all levels, such as that of the individual users and the government infrastructure. While an individual may seek access to information, the government may try to block the information or prevent it from leaving or reaching the individual. To this scenario a third entity could be added: the malware creator and digital attacker. Furthermore, localized rules and regulations enable governments and individuals to exercise more control over digital information while also enabling some information flow deemed appropriate by either party. But in the end, it is not the ability to control flows that matters as much as the ability to influence decisions and actions.
Max Boisot and Markus Nordberg
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199567928
- eISBN:
- 9780191728945
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199567928.003.0003
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management, Organization Studies
The ATLAS experiment at CERN, having entered the operational phase in September 2008, is designed to run for fifteen to twenty years. In terms of its aims, its sheer size, its complexity, and the ...
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The ATLAS experiment at CERN, having entered the operational phase in September 2008, is designed to run for fifteen to twenty years. In terms of its aims, its sheer size, its complexity, and the number of scientists involved, it is one of the most challenging scientific enterprises ever undertaken. What is the nature of this enterprise? The ATLAS detector itself can be thought of as a giant measuring instrument that interposes itself between the experimenter and the phenomenal world. Much of an experimenter's time is devoted to tending the instrument in collaboration with others. This tending process has been described as care of the self. Such care, when undertaken collectively, is dependent upon the effective flow of information and knowledge between the different groups inside the collaboration that are responsible for the ‘caring’. Since information and knowledge flows constitute the lifeblood of all organizational processes — the focus in this book — this chapter presents a conceptual framework, the Information-Space or I-Space, that helps with the exploration the nature of these knowledge and information flows in the chapters that follow.Less
The ATLAS experiment at CERN, having entered the operational phase in September 2008, is designed to run for fifteen to twenty years. In terms of its aims, its sheer size, its complexity, and the number of scientists involved, it is one of the most challenging scientific enterprises ever undertaken. What is the nature of this enterprise? The ATLAS detector itself can be thought of as a giant measuring instrument that interposes itself between the experimenter and the phenomenal world. Much of an experimenter's time is devoted to tending the instrument in collaboration with others. This tending process has been described as care of the self. Such care, when undertaken collectively, is dependent upon the effective flow of information and knowledge between the different groups inside the collaboration that are responsible for the ‘caring’. Since information and knowledge flows constitute the lifeblood of all organizational processes — the focus in this book — this chapter presents a conceptual framework, the Information-Space or I-Space, that helps with the exploration the nature of these knowledge and information flows in the chapters that follow.
Manuel Castells
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199255771
- eISBN:
- 9780191698279
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199255771.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology
This chapter begins by discussing how countries, particularly the United States, control the flow of information in the Internet, as well as the challenges encountered in doing so. It then examines ...
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This chapter begins by discussing how countries, particularly the United States, control the flow of information in the Internet, as well as the challenges encountered in doing so. It then examines privacy issues occurring in different industries, and the exercise of sovereignty, liberty, and property when privacy vanishes. Next, it discusses several firms that counteract technologies of control by technologies of freedom. Lastly, it talks about the relationship of the society and the government in exercising their rights and power through the use of the Internet.Less
This chapter begins by discussing how countries, particularly the United States, control the flow of information in the Internet, as well as the challenges encountered in doing so. It then examines privacy issues occurring in different industries, and the exercise of sovereignty, liberty, and property when privacy vanishes. Next, it discusses several firms that counteract technologies of control by technologies of freedom. Lastly, it talks about the relationship of the society and the government in exercising their rights and power through the use of the Internet.
Ramesh Subramanian and Eddan Katz
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814748114
- eISBN:
- 9780814749470
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814748114.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This chapter presents the book's rationale which is to provide more contemporary perspectives to the nature, effects, and consequences of global networks and information flows. The plurality of views ...
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This chapter presents the book's rationale which is to provide more contemporary perspectives to the nature, effects, and consequences of global networks and information flows. The plurality of views expressed here covers international law, global inequities, modern practice of war, governmental actions, and culture—all of which are affected by current global information flows. Conflicts over control of information flows help define who holds power in the global information economy. Globalization's biggest enabler is the Internet, which has now become the single most important network facilitating most global information flows. Moreover, transformations operated by the Internet continue to accelerate exponentially, strengthening and confirming the growing extent of the global networked society.Less
This chapter presents the book's rationale which is to provide more contemporary perspectives to the nature, effects, and consequences of global networks and information flows. The plurality of views expressed here covers international law, global inequities, modern practice of war, governmental actions, and culture—all of which are affected by current global information flows. Conflicts over control of information flows help define who holds power in the global information economy. Globalization's biggest enabler is the Internet, which has now become the single most important network facilitating most global information flows. Moreover, transformations operated by the Internet continue to accelerate exponentially, strengthening and confirming the growing extent of the global networked society.
Ramesh Subramanian and Eddan Katz (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814748114
- eISBN:
- 9780814749470
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814748114.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
The Internet has been integral to the globalization of a range of goods and production, from intellectual property and scientific research to political discourse and cultural symbols. Yet the ease ...
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The Internet has been integral to the globalization of a range of goods and production, from intellectual property and scientific research to political discourse and cultural symbols. Yet the ease with which it allows information to flow at a global level presents enormous regulatory challenges. Understanding if, when, and how the law should regulate online, international flows of information requires a firm grasp of past, present, and future patterns of information flow, and their political, economic, social, and cultural consequences. This book probes the issues that lie at the intersection of globalization, law, and technology, and pays particular attention to the wider contextual question of Internet regulation in a globalized world. Chapters examine everything from the pharmaceutical industry to television to “information warfare” against suspected enemies of the state, and each chapter also addresses the fundamental question of whether or not the flow of information across national borders can be controlled, and what role the law should play in regulating global information flows.Less
The Internet has been integral to the globalization of a range of goods and production, from intellectual property and scientific research to political discourse and cultural symbols. Yet the ease with which it allows information to flow at a global level presents enormous regulatory challenges. Understanding if, when, and how the law should regulate online, international flows of information requires a firm grasp of past, present, and future patterns of information flow, and their political, economic, social, and cultural consequences. This book probes the issues that lie at the intersection of globalization, law, and technology, and pays particular attention to the wider contextual question of Internet regulation in a globalized world. Chapters examine everything from the pharmaceutical industry to television to “information warfare” against suspected enemies of the state, and each chapter also addresses the fundamental question of whether or not the flow of information across national borders can be controlled, and what role the law should play in regulating global information flows.
David Deutsch
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199560561
- eISBN:
- 9780191721380
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560561.003.0022
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology, Philosophy of Science
A collection of classical universes — even if they interact — is still classical. For instance, it doesn't have entanglement; its elements don't have phases to their amplitudes; it doesn't have ...
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A collection of classical universes — even if they interact — is still classical. For instance, it doesn't have entanglement; its elements don't have phases to their amplitudes; it doesn't have continuous motion of discrete observables. The multiverse is not classical: it consists of much more than universes. Research into what is there in addition has already been fruitful and promises to be more so. Progress in understanding the quantum world more deeply through such research is also the key to resolving the long-running scandal of the slow take-up of Everett's theory by physicists and philosophers.Less
A collection of classical universes — even if they interact — is still classical. For instance, it doesn't have entanglement; its elements don't have phases to their amplitudes; it doesn't have continuous motion of discrete observables. The multiverse is not classical: it consists of much more than universes. Research into what is there in addition has already been fruitful and promises to be more so. Progress in understanding the quantum world more deeply through such research is also the key to resolving the long-running scandal of the slow take-up of Everett's theory by physicists and philosophers.
Helen Nissenbaum and Heather Patterson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262034173
- eISBN:
- 9780262334549
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262034173.003.0005
- Subject:
- Information Science, Communications
Emerging technologies challenge long-standing social norms regarding personal information sharing. In this chapter, we assess contemporary health self-tracking practices through the lens of ...
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Emerging technologies challenge long-standing social norms regarding personal information sharing. In this chapter, we assess contemporary health self-tracking practices through the lens of Contextual Integrity, an analytical privacy framework that demands a full consideration of the social settings in which novel practices are situated, including the type of information at issue, the identity of the information subjects, senders, and recipients, and the social norms underlying the context in which new information flows occur. We consider the roles of architecture, law, and policy for protecting privacy as individuals and societies discover, adjust to, and resist new technologies, and we argue that novel information flows brought about by new practices are best evaluated according to the ends, purposes, and values of the contexts in which they are embedded.Less
Emerging technologies challenge long-standing social norms regarding personal information sharing. In this chapter, we assess contemporary health self-tracking practices through the lens of Contextual Integrity, an analytical privacy framework that demands a full consideration of the social settings in which novel practices are situated, including the type of information at issue, the identity of the information subjects, senders, and recipients, and the social norms underlying the context in which new information flows occur. We consider the roles of architecture, law, and policy for protecting privacy as individuals and societies discover, adjust to, and resist new technologies, and we argue that novel information flows brought about by new practices are best evaluated according to the ends, purposes, and values of the contexts in which they are embedded.
John-Paul A. Ghobrial
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199672417
- eISBN:
- 9780191770494
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199672417.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
Oral and epistolary flows of information are the dark matter of early modern history. Omnipresent, yet often imperceptible to the historian’s eye, such information flows connected Europe and the ...
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Oral and epistolary flows of information are the dark matter of early modern history. Omnipresent, yet often imperceptible to the historian’s eye, such information flows connected Europe and the Middle East long before the emergence of modern communications, and they played an important role in the creation of a ‘connected world’ in the seventeenth century. The Whispers of Cities explores how information linked Istanbul, London, and Paris in the late seventeenth century. To this end, the book explores early modern communication through the adventures and experiences of Sir William Trumbull, English ambassador to Istanbul from 1687 to 1692. The book tracks Trumbull during his transformation from a civil lawyer and state official in London to a European notable at the heart of Ottoman social networks in Istanbul. During his residence in the Ottoman capital, Trumbull would turn to a wide range of local informants for information and news about Ottoman politics, and he would himself become an agent in the production of news about the Ottoman world for publics in Europe. In this way, this book argues that information flows between Istanbul, London, and Paris were rooted in the personal encounters that took place between Ottomans and Europeans in everyday communication in Istanbul. At the intersection of global history and the history of communication, The Whisper of Cities explores what ‘connectedness’ meant in practice for the lives of people in the seventeenth century.Less
Oral and epistolary flows of information are the dark matter of early modern history. Omnipresent, yet often imperceptible to the historian’s eye, such information flows connected Europe and the Middle East long before the emergence of modern communications, and they played an important role in the creation of a ‘connected world’ in the seventeenth century. The Whispers of Cities explores how information linked Istanbul, London, and Paris in the late seventeenth century. To this end, the book explores early modern communication through the adventures and experiences of Sir William Trumbull, English ambassador to Istanbul from 1687 to 1692. The book tracks Trumbull during his transformation from a civil lawyer and state official in London to a European notable at the heart of Ottoman social networks in Istanbul. During his residence in the Ottoman capital, Trumbull would turn to a wide range of local informants for information and news about Ottoman politics, and he would himself become an agent in the production of news about the Ottoman world for publics in Europe. In this way, this book argues that information flows between Istanbul, London, and Paris were rooted in the personal encounters that took place between Ottomans and Europeans in everyday communication in Istanbul. At the intersection of global history and the history of communication, The Whisper of Cities explores what ‘connectedness’ meant in practice for the lives of people in the seventeenth century.
Max H. Boisot
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198296072
- eISBN:
- 9780191685194
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198296072.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management, Organization Studies
I-Space is a conceptual framework built on a theory of information flows. Any theory worth its salt should be tested in encounters with concrete experience. Some of these encounters are explicitly ...
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I-Space is a conceptual framework built on a theory of information flows. Any theory worth its salt should be tested in encounters with concrete experience. Some of these encounters are explicitly designed to test the theory. Assessment of what the I-Space contributed in some interventions described in this chapter offers three detailed benefits: it permitted a diagnosis, it promoted constructive debate and generated numerous insights, and it pointed to specific issues that needed dealing with. The interventions also specified how the I-Space, as a conceptual framework, could be further developed and applied. An effective use of the framework requires skilful interpretation of the data.Less
I-Space is a conceptual framework built on a theory of information flows. Any theory worth its salt should be tested in encounters with concrete experience. Some of these encounters are explicitly designed to test the theory. Assessment of what the I-Space contributed in some interventions described in this chapter offers three detailed benefits: it permitted a diagnosis, it promoted constructive debate and generated numerous insights, and it pointed to specific issues that needed dealing with. The interventions also specified how the I-Space, as a conceptual framework, could be further developed and applied. An effective use of the framework requires skilful interpretation of the data.
