Kay Dickinson
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195326635
- eISBN:
- 9780199851676
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326635.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Popular
This book offers a study of how certain alliances of music and film are judged aesthetic failures. Based on a fascinating and wide-ranging body of film-music mismatches, and using contemporary ...
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This book offers a study of how certain alliances of music and film are judged aesthetic failures. Based on a fascinating and wide-ranging body of film-music mismatches, and using contemporary reviews and histories of the turn to post-industrialization, the book expands the ways in which the union of the film and music businesses can be understood. Moving beyond the typical understanding of film music that privileges the score, the book also incorporates analyses of rock 'n' roll movies, composer biopics, and pop singers crossing over into acting. By doing this, it provides a fuller picture of how two successful entertainment sectors have sought out synergistic strategies, ones whose alleged “failures” have much to tell about the labor practices of the creative industries, as well as our own relationship to them and to work itself.Less
This book offers a study of how certain alliances of music and film are judged aesthetic failures. Based on a fascinating and wide-ranging body of film-music mismatches, and using contemporary reviews and histories of the turn to post-industrialization, the book expands the ways in which the union of the film and music businesses can be understood. Moving beyond the typical understanding of film music that privileges the score, the book also incorporates analyses of rock 'n' roll movies, composer biopics, and pop singers crossing over into acting. By doing this, it provides a fuller picture of how two successful entertainment sectors have sought out synergistic strategies, ones whose alleged “failures” have much to tell about the labor practices of the creative industries, as well as our own relationship to them and to work itself.
Kimberley S. Johnson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195392135
- eISBN:
- 9780199852543
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195392135.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Looking at the disruptions of industrialization and urbanization that occurred during the late 19th century, the development of the modern American state during this period has been described by ...
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Looking at the disruptions of industrialization and urbanization that occurred during the late 19th century, the development of the modern American state during this period has been described by Stephen Skowronek as the result of a process of “patchwork” and “reconstitution”. This chapter focuses on federalism, an often ignored aspect of the American institution, and looks at how it played a critical role during the end of the late 19th century to the early decades of the 20th century in the development of American state. The political and institutional order that developed due to federalism is termed by this chapter as the “First New Federalism”.Less
Looking at the disruptions of industrialization and urbanization that occurred during the late 19th century, the development of the modern American state during this period has been described by Stephen Skowronek as the result of a process of “patchwork” and “reconstitution”. This chapter focuses on federalism, an often ignored aspect of the American institution, and looks at how it played a critical role during the end of the late 19th century to the early decades of the 20th century in the development of American state. The political and institutional order that developed due to federalism is termed by this chapter as the “First New Federalism”.
Masayuki Tanimoto (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780198292746
- eISBN:
- 9780191603891
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198292740.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This volume explores Japan’s industrialization from the perspective of ‘indigenous development’, focusing on what may be identified as ‘traditional’ or ‘indigenous’ factors. Japanese ...
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This volume explores Japan’s industrialization from the perspective of ‘indigenous development’, focusing on what may be identified as ‘traditional’ or ‘indigenous’ factors. Japanese industrialization has often been described as the process of transferring and importing technology and organization from Western countries. Recent research, however, has shown that economic development began during the Tokugawa-era, the so-called age of proto-industrialization. This economic development not only prepared for the technology transfer from the West, but also formed the basis of the particular industrialization process which paralleled transplanted industrialization in modern Japan. The aim of this volume is to demonstrate this aspect of industrialization through detailed studies of ‘indigenous’ industries. The collection of papers looks at the industries originating from the Tokugawa-era such as weaving, silk-reeling, and pottery, as well as the newly developed small workshops engaged in manufacturing machinery, soaps, brushes, buttons, bicycles, and small businesses in the tertiary sector. The studies reveal the role of particular production systems based on the small workshops, while some industries developed the factory system. The household strategy, skill formation, and the organizing capability of the merchants are key factors widely discussed in the volume. The institutional basis of the industrialization such as trade associations, local and central governments, and the regional community are considered. Available for the first time in English, these papers shed new light on the role of indigenous development and the dualistic character of Japan’s economic development.Less
This volume explores Japan’s industrialization from the perspective of ‘indigenous development’, focusing on what may be identified as ‘traditional’ or ‘indigenous’ factors. Japanese industrialization has often been described as the process of transferring and importing technology and organization from Western countries. Recent research, however, has shown that economic development began during the Tokugawa-era, the so-called age of proto-industrialization. This economic development not only prepared for the technology transfer from the West, but also formed the basis of the particular industrialization process which paralleled transplanted industrialization in modern Japan. The aim of this volume is to demonstrate this aspect of industrialization through detailed studies of ‘indigenous’ industries. The collection of papers looks at the industries originating from the Tokugawa-era such as weaving, silk-reeling, and pottery, as well as the newly developed small workshops engaged in manufacturing machinery, soaps, brushes, buttons, bicycles, and small businesses in the tertiary sector. The studies reveal the role of particular production systems based on the small workshops, while some industries developed the factory system. The household strategy, skill formation, and the organizing capability of the merchants are key factors widely discussed in the volume. The institutional basis of the industrialization such as trade associations, local and central governments, and the regional community are considered. Available for the first time in English, these papers shed new light on the role of indigenous development and the dualistic character of Japan’s economic development.
David Levine and Keith Wrightson
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198200666
- eISBN:
- 9780191674761
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198200666.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This is the first intensive study of an industrial community in early modern England. Whickham, a village built on an underground mountain of coal in north-east England, was arguably Britain's first ...
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This is the first intensive study of an industrial community in early modern England. Whickham, a village built on an underground mountain of coal in north-east England, was arguably Britain's first modern industrial society. The authors of this book employ the latest techniques of socio-historical research and make full use of a wide variety of contemporary sources to explore many aspects of life in Whickham between 1560 and 1765. They bring together vital strands – including industrial development, agrarian change, social stratification, demography, religion, work, leisure, living standards, kinship, and the family – to produce a rounded and vivid picture, which throws into relief the achievements, benefits, and costs of the complex process of industrialization. The development of Whickham is set in the larger context of socio-economic change during this period.Less
This is the first intensive study of an industrial community in early modern England. Whickham, a village built on an underground mountain of coal in north-east England, was arguably Britain's first modern industrial society. The authors of this book employ the latest techniques of socio-historical research and make full use of a wide variety of contemporary sources to explore many aspects of life in Whickham between 1560 and 1765. They bring together vital strands – including industrial development, agrarian change, social stratification, demography, religion, work, leisure, living standards, kinship, and the family – to produce a rounded and vivid picture, which throws into relief the achievements, benefits, and costs of the complex process of industrialization. The development of Whickham is set in the larger context of socio-economic change during this period.
Juan Carlos Moreno-Brid and Jaime Ros
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195371161
- eISBN:
- 9780199870608
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195371161.001.1
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This book's basic premise is that a historical perspective may be helpful in illuminating current obstacles to economic development in Mexico. It thus looks at Mexico's present development policies ...
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This book's basic premise is that a historical perspective may be helpful in illuminating current obstacles to economic development in Mexico. It thus looks at Mexico's present development policies and problems from a historical perspective by reviewing long-term trends in the Mexican economy and examining in particular some past episodes of radical shifts in development strategy and in the role of markets and the state. The book provides an overview of Mexico's economic development since independence that examines and compares the successive periods of stagnation and growth that alternately have characterized Mexico's economic history. It gives special attention to developments since 1940 and presents a re-evaluation of Mexico's development policies during the state-led industrialization period from 1940 to 1982 and during the more recent market reform process. This re-evaluation is critical of the dominant trend in the economic literature and, indeed, revisionist by arguing in particular that the market reforms undertaken by successive Mexican governments since 1983 have not addressed the fundamental obstacles to economic growth.Less
This book's basic premise is that a historical perspective may be helpful in illuminating current obstacles to economic development in Mexico. It thus looks at Mexico's present development policies and problems from a historical perspective by reviewing long-term trends in the Mexican economy and examining in particular some past episodes of radical shifts in development strategy and in the role of markets and the state. The book provides an overview of Mexico's economic development since independence that examines and compares the successive periods of stagnation and growth that alternately have characterized Mexico's economic history. It gives special attention to developments since 1940 and presents a re-evaluation of Mexico's development policies during the state-led industrialization period from 1940 to 1982 and during the more recent market reform process. This re-evaluation is critical of the dominant trend in the economic literature and, indeed, revisionist by arguing in particular that the market reforms undertaken by successive Mexican governments since 1983 have not addressed the fundamental obstacles to economic growth.
Chris Bramall
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199275939
- eISBN:
- 9780191706073
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199275939.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
Successful industrialization requires a long and protracted process of learning; new ideas from abroad are not enough. Poor countries also need to apply those ideas effectively, and such a capability ...
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Successful industrialization requires a long and protracted process of learning; new ideas from abroad are not enough. Poor countries also need to apply those ideas effectively, and such a capability can only be acquired via learning-by-doing. The very process of learning itself requires both the expansion of education and an extensive programme of investment in physical capital; many skills are acquired by a process of learning-by-doing in a factory environment. The prior development of an industrial capability is therefore a necessary condition for rapid rural industrialization in poor countries.Less
Successful industrialization requires a long and protracted process of learning; new ideas from abroad are not enough. Poor countries also need to apply those ideas effectively, and such a capability can only be acquired via learning-by-doing. The very process of learning itself requires both the expansion of education and an extensive programme of investment in physical capital; many skills are acquired by a process of learning-by-doing in a factory environment. The prior development of an industrial capability is therefore a necessary condition for rapid rural industrialization in poor countries.
Takehisa Yamada
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780198292746
- eISBN:
- 9780191603891
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198292740.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter discusses the export-oriented industrialization of pottery industry in modern Japan, focusing on the introduction and adoption of advanced technologies from Western countries. Special ...
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This chapter discusses the export-oriented industrialization of pottery industry in modern Japan, focusing on the introduction and adoption of advanced technologies from Western countries. Special attention is given to newly established, innovative, and modernized firms that promoted the export-oriented production. The role of research and training institutions, supported by central and local governments and trade associations, is also emphasized to explain the activities of these firms.Less
This chapter discusses the export-oriented industrialization of pottery industry in modern Japan, focusing on the introduction and adoption of advanced technologies from Western countries. Special attention is given to newly established, innovative, and modernized firms that promoted the export-oriented production. The role of research and training institutions, supported by central and local governments and trade associations, is also emphasized to explain the activities of these firms.
López Ramón and Michael A. Toman
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199298006
- eISBN:
- 9780191603877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199298009.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
There are currently two types of ‘dualism’ in patterns of resource use within developing countries that are relevant to the problem of resource degradation and poverty. The first ‘dualism’ concerns ...
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There are currently two types of ‘dualism’ in patterns of resource use within developing countries that are relevant to the problem of resource degradation and poverty. The first ‘dualism’ concerns aggregate resource use and dependency within the global economy. The second ‘dualism’ concerns aggregate resource use and dependency within a developing economy. This ‘dualism within dualism’ pattern is symptomatic of a process of resource-based development, accompanied by substantial resource conversion, which often leads to benefits that are inequitably distributed. To reverse this ‘vicious cycle’, specific policies must be aimed at overcoming the structural features of ‘dualism within dualism’ in resource use patterns. Second, policies must also be introduced that improve the overall success of resource-based development that is accompanied by frontier land expansion. Specific policies include reform of land, tax, credit, and other economic policies that generally reinforce the dominance of wealthier households in natural resource and land markets, and promote the speculative investment in these resources as tax shelters.Less
There are currently two types of ‘dualism’ in patterns of resource use within developing countries that are relevant to the problem of resource degradation and poverty. The first ‘dualism’ concerns aggregate resource use and dependency within the global economy. The second ‘dualism’ concerns aggregate resource use and dependency within a developing economy. This ‘dualism within dualism’ pattern is symptomatic of a process of resource-based development, accompanied by substantial resource conversion, which often leads to benefits that are inequitably distributed. To reverse this ‘vicious cycle’, specific policies must be aimed at overcoming the structural features of ‘dualism within dualism’ in resource use patterns. Second, policies must also be introduced that improve the overall success of resource-based development that is accompanied by frontier land expansion. Specific policies include reform of land, tax, credit, and other economic policies that generally reinforce the dominance of wealthier households in natural resource and land markets, and promote the speculative investment in these resources as tax shelters.
Meir Yaish
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- November 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199258451
- eISBN:
- 9780191601491
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199258457.003.0013
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Engages with the long lasting debate in sociology concerning the consequences of industrialization process for social mobility. It is argued that Israeli society provides one of the most adequate ...
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Engages with the long lasting debate in sociology concerning the consequences of industrialization process for social mobility. It is argued that Israeli society provides one of the most adequate tests of this thesis. In this context, then, the analysis in this chapter is guided by two main questions: (1) has equality of opportunity in Israeli mobility increased over time, (2) has the mobility process in Israeli society become more meritocratic over time. The analysis in this chapter is based on data from two nationally representative surveys that were tailored to the study of social mobility–the 1974 and the 1991 Israeli mobility surveys. It is shown that Israelis (men and women alike) experience high level of social mobility and fluidity–but with little temporal variations. It is also shown that while the Israeli stratification system has some meritocratic components, these did not gain in strength over time. Thus it is concluded that, in the Israeli context, social mobility, and the industrialization process do not go hand in hand.Less
Engages with the long lasting debate in sociology concerning the consequences of industrialization process for social mobility. It is argued that Israeli society provides one of the most adequate tests of this thesis. In this context, then, the analysis in this chapter is guided by two main questions: (1) has equality of opportunity in Israeli mobility increased over time, (2) has the mobility process in Israeli society become more meritocratic over time. The analysis in this chapter is based on data from two nationally representative surveys that were tailored to the study of social mobility–the 1974 and the 1991 Israeli mobility surveys. It is shown that Israelis (men and women alike) experience high level of social mobility and fluidity–but with little temporal variations. It is also shown that while the Israeli stratification system has some meritocratic components, these did not gain in strength over time. Thus it is concluded that, in the Israeli context, social mobility, and the industrialization process do not go hand in hand.
Albert O. Hirschman
Jeremy Adelman (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691159904
- eISBN:
- 9781400848409
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691159904.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Theory
This book brings together some of the finest essays in the social sciences, written by one of the twentieth century's most influential and provocative thinkers. The author was a master essayist, one ...
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This book brings together some of the finest essays in the social sciences, written by one of the twentieth century's most influential and provocative thinkers. The author was a master essayist, one who possessed the rare ability to blend the precision of economics with the elegance of literary imagination. In an age in which our academic disciplines require ever-greater specialization and narrowness, it is rare to encounter an intellectual who can transform how we think about inequality by writing about traffic, or who can slip in a quote from Flaubert to reveal something surprising about taxes. The essays gathered here span an astonishing range of topics and perspectives, including industrialization in Latin America, imagining reform as more than repair, the relationship between imagination and leadership, routine thinking and the marketplace, and the ways our arguments affect democratic life. Throughout, we find humor, unforgettable metaphors, brilliant analysis, and elegance of style that give the author such a singular voice. Featuring an introduction that places each of these essays in context as well as an insightful afterword, this book is the ideal introduction to the author for a new generation of readers and a must-have collection for anyone seeking his most important writings in one book.Less
This book brings together some of the finest essays in the social sciences, written by one of the twentieth century's most influential and provocative thinkers. The author was a master essayist, one who possessed the rare ability to blend the precision of economics with the elegance of literary imagination. In an age in which our academic disciplines require ever-greater specialization and narrowness, it is rare to encounter an intellectual who can transform how we think about inequality by writing about traffic, or who can slip in a quote from Flaubert to reveal something surprising about taxes. The essays gathered here span an astonishing range of topics and perspectives, including industrialization in Latin America, imagining reform as more than repair, the relationship between imagination and leadership, routine thinking and the marketplace, and the ways our arguments affect democratic life. Throughout, we find humor, unforgettable metaphors, brilliant analysis, and elegance of style that give the author such a singular voice. Featuring an introduction that places each of these essays in context as well as an insightful afterword, this book is the ideal introduction to the author for a new generation of readers and a must-have collection for anyone seeking his most important writings in one book.
Sevket Pamuk
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691166377
- eISBN:
- 9780691184982
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691166377.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
The population and economy of the area within the present-day borders of Turkey has consistently been among the largest in the developing world, yet there has been no authoritative economic history ...
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The population and economy of the area within the present-day borders of Turkey has consistently been among the largest in the developing world, yet there has been no authoritative economic history of Turkey until now. This book examines the economic growth and human development of Turkey over the past two hundred years. Taking a comparative global perspective, the book investigates Turkey's economic history through four periods: the open economy during the nineteenth-century Ottoman era, the transition from empire to nation-state that spanned the two world wars and the Great Depression, the continued protectionism and import-substituting industrialization after World War II, and the neoliberal policies and the opening of the economy after 1980. Making use of indices of GDP per capita, trade, wages, health, and education, the book argues that Turkey's long-term economic trends cannot be explained only by immediate causes such as economic policies, rates of investment, productivity growth, and structural change. The book offers a deeper analysis of the essential forces underlying Turkey's development—its institutions and their evolution—to make better sense of the country's unique history and to provide important insights into the patterns of growth in developing countries during the past two centuries.Less
The population and economy of the area within the present-day borders of Turkey has consistently been among the largest in the developing world, yet there has been no authoritative economic history of Turkey until now. This book examines the economic growth and human development of Turkey over the past two hundred years. Taking a comparative global perspective, the book investigates Turkey's economic history through four periods: the open economy during the nineteenth-century Ottoman era, the transition from empire to nation-state that spanned the two world wars and the Great Depression, the continued protectionism and import-substituting industrialization after World War II, and the neoliberal policies and the opening of the economy after 1980. Making use of indices of GDP per capita, trade, wages, health, and education, the book argues that Turkey's long-term economic trends cannot be explained only by immediate causes such as economic policies, rates of investment, productivity growth, and structural change. The book offers a deeper analysis of the essential forces underlying Turkey's development—its institutions and their evolution—to make better sense of the country's unique history and to provide important insights into the patterns of growth in developing countries during the past two centuries.
Juro Teranishi
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198294917
- eISBN:
- 9780191715501
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198294917.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter investigates the effects of financing industrialization through policy-based mobilization of agricultural savings, based on a comparative study of less developed economics in East Asia, ...
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This chapter investigates the effects of financing industrialization through policy-based mobilization of agricultural savings, based on a comparative study of less developed economics in East Asia, Latin America, and Sub-Saharan Africa. The degree of resource shift, from the rural sector through direct and indirect taxation, did not vary much across the three regions. However, there was significant difference between East Asia and the other two regions in the ways the adverse effects of resource transfer were politically compensated. In Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa, divisible benefits (rents) were supplied by the government to win the support of particular interest groups (large landlords or tribes). In East Asia, the adverse effects were mitigated by investments in infrastructure, which enhanced the productivity of small landholding farmers.Less
This chapter investigates the effects of financing industrialization through policy-based mobilization of agricultural savings, based on a comparative study of less developed economics in East Asia, Latin America, and Sub-Saharan Africa. The degree of resource shift, from the rural sector through direct and indirect taxation, did not vary much across the three regions. However, there was significant difference between East Asia and the other two regions in the ways the adverse effects of resource transfer were politically compensated. In Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa, divisible benefits (rents) were supplied by the government to win the support of particular interest groups (large landlords or tribes). In East Asia, the adverse effects were mitigated by investments in infrastructure, which enhanced the productivity of small landholding farmers.
K. S. Jomo and Edmund Terence Gomez
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198294917
- eISBN:
- 9780191715501
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198294917.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter discusses the trade-offs involved between two types of rents in the context of resource-rich, ethnically diverse Malaysia: one primarily generated for postcolonial industrial development ...
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This chapter discusses the trade-offs involved between two types of rents in the context of resource-rich, ethnically diverse Malaysia: one primarily generated for postcolonial industrial development and the other generated for redistributive goals, mainly along interethnic lines. How the two types of rents have interacted with each other, alternated in influence, and affected the efficiency of the development process is discussed. It is shown that while redistributive policy has enhanced human capital accumulation among Malays or Bumiputras and reduced political tension, redistributive rents have induced various unproductive renter behaviours.Less
This chapter discusses the trade-offs involved between two types of rents in the context of resource-rich, ethnically diverse Malaysia: one primarily generated for postcolonial industrial development and the other generated for redistributive goals, mainly along interethnic lines. How the two types of rents have interacted with each other, alternated in influence, and affected the efficiency of the development process is discussed. It is shown that while redistributive policy has enhanced human capital accumulation among Malays or Bumiputras and reduced political tension, redistributive rents have induced various unproductive renter behaviours.
Gøsta Esping‐Andersen
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198742005
- eISBN:
- 9780191599163
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198742002.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This chapter and the next revisit the political economy within which post‐war welfare regimes emerged, matured, and, now, appear crisis‐ridden. Here, an analysis is made of the democratic class ...
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This chapter and the next revisit the political economy within which post‐war welfare regimes emerged, matured, and, now, appear crisis‐ridden. Here, an analysis is made of the democratic class struggle. The first section of the chapter looks at varieties of the struggle, and has subsections on models of industrial relations, employment regulation, and worker rights. The second section looks at de‐ruralization and post‐industrialization, and has subsections on family behaviour and full employment, and the declining correlates of class.Less
This chapter and the next revisit the political economy within which post‐war welfare regimes emerged, matured, and, now, appear crisis‐ridden. Here, an analysis is made of the democratic class struggle. The first section of the chapter looks at varieties of the struggle, and has subsections on models of industrial relations, employment regulation, and worker rights. The second section looks at de‐ruralization and post‐industrialization, and has subsections on family behaviour and full employment, and the declining correlates of class.
Gøsta Esping‐Andersen
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198742005
- eISBN:
- 9780191599163
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198742002.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
The macroscopic changes to post‐industrial employment that were examined in the previous chapter are unlikely to affect all nations similarly. Job loss through de‐industrialization, e.g., will be ...
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The macroscopic changes to post‐industrial employment that were examined in the previous chapter are unlikely to affect all nations similarly. Job loss through de‐industrialization, e.g., will be more massive where existing industries are uncompetitive (as in Britain or Spain) and less devastating elsewhere—perhaps because firms are more adaptable (as in much of Danish, Italian, or German industry), but possibly also because wage costs decline (as in the US). De‐industrialization may or may not cause heavy unemployment, depending on skill and production structure, and also on how labour markets are managed; most of Europe has,e.g., transformed mass lay‐offs into early retirement. Similar root causes of post‐industrial employment will, therefore, have radically divergent outcomes—there is no such thing as one post‐industrial model because the institutional make‐up of nations differs, and so also does their choice of how to manage change. The different sections of this chapter are: Industrial Relations; Labour Market Regulation; The Dilemmas of Flexibilization; The Welfare State and the Reservation Wage; Wage Regulation; Employment Protection; The Regulatory Infrastructure and the Management of Industrial Decline; Managing the Equality—Jobs Trade‐Off; The Hump‐Shaped Curve—a quadratic measure of labour market rigidities; and National Idiosyncrasies and Welfare Regimes.Less
The macroscopic changes to post‐industrial employment that were examined in the previous chapter are unlikely to affect all nations similarly. Job loss through de‐industrialization, e.g., will be more massive where existing industries are uncompetitive (as in Britain or Spain) and less devastating elsewhere—perhaps because firms are more adaptable (as in much of Danish, Italian, or German industry), but possibly also because wage costs decline (as in the US). De‐industrialization may or may not cause heavy unemployment, depending on skill and production structure, and also on how labour markets are managed; most of Europe has,e.g., transformed mass lay‐offs into early retirement. Similar root causes of post‐industrial employment will, therefore, have radically divergent outcomes—there is no such thing as one post‐industrial model because the institutional make‐up of nations differs, and so also does their choice of how to manage change. The different sections of this chapter are: Industrial Relations; Labour Market Regulation; The Dilemmas of Flexibilization; The Welfare State and the Reservation Wage; Wage Regulation; Employment Protection; The Regulatory Infrastructure and the Management of Industrial Decline; Managing the Equality—Jobs Trade‐Off; The Hump‐Shaped Curve—a quadratic measure of labour market rigidities; and National Idiosyncrasies and Welfare Regimes.
Torben Iversen
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297567
- eISBN:
- 9780191600104
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198297564.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
This is the second of three chapters on the sources of pressure on contemporary national welfare states, all of which seek to show how examining the sources of strain carries implications for ...
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This is the second of three chapters on the sources of pressure on contemporary national welfare states, all of which seek to show how examining the sources of strain carries implications for identifying who is likely to fight with whom over what; the authors of the three chapters are not of one mind on this issue. Iversen's analysis seeks to show that de‐industrialization—caused by the dramatic increases in productivity in the manufacturing sector rather than by globalization—is the crucial motor of social change. He directly challenges a variant of the globalization thesis that has been popular among scholars: the idea that exposure to the heightened labour market risks of an open economy fuelled the expansion of the welfare state as a form of compensation. Instead, he marshals considerable evidence for the view that it is the shrinkage of the manufacturing sector, and not economic (trade) openness, that fuelled the growth of compensatory social policy. He finds little evidence in favour of the view that the various dimensions of globalization constitute a source of real threat to the contemporary welfare state.Less
This is the second of three chapters on the sources of pressure on contemporary national welfare states, all of which seek to show how examining the sources of strain carries implications for identifying who is likely to fight with whom over what; the authors of the three chapters are not of one mind on this issue. Iversen's analysis seeks to show that de‐industrialization—caused by the dramatic increases in productivity in the manufacturing sector rather than by globalization—is the crucial motor of social change. He directly challenges a variant of the globalization thesis that has been popular among scholars: the idea that exposure to the heightened labour market risks of an open economy fuelled the expansion of the welfare state as a form of compensation. Instead, he marshals considerable evidence for the view that it is the shrinkage of the manufacturing sector, and not economic (trade) openness, that fuelled the growth of compensatory social policy. He finds little evidence in favour of the view that the various dimensions of globalization constitute a source of real threat to the contemporary welfare state.
Carola Frege
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199208067
- eISBN:
- 9780191709159
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199208067.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, HRM / IR
Contemporary employment research tackles an increasingly globalized subject, much of it using empiricist and a-theoretical methods increasingly embedded in a market-economic paradigm. However, this ...
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Contemporary employment research tackles an increasingly globalized subject, much of it using empiricist and a-theoretical methods increasingly embedded in a market-economic paradigm. However, this stands in stark contrast to employment research's historical roots. Exploring these roots, this book traces how employment research was born out of the industrial and also democratic transformations of the 19th century and shows that the variations of employment research can be traced back to nation-specific state traditions. In particular, it shows how countries conceptualized their relationship between political and industrial democracy, to what extent their labour movements were more state-oriented, and what influence the state had on the organization of higher education and scientific research, and shaped research topics, methods, theories, and paradigms. The book argues that these different research cultures are still with us today, despite increasing globalization of the subject matter and growing internationalization of the academic world. Based on a comparative historical analysis of research characteristics in Britain, Germany, and the US, this book investigates how employment research developed in different ways in different countries. A longitudinal cross-country comparison of publications in the main journals of the field reveals that employment research is still deeply embedded in longstanding country-specific institutional and ideational traditions. The book makes the case for embracing this diversity, and rejuvenating the subject of employment research through a rediscovery of its policy-oriented research traditions, and a reinstatement of its relevance for society.Less
Contemporary employment research tackles an increasingly globalized subject, much of it using empiricist and a-theoretical methods increasingly embedded in a market-economic paradigm. However, this stands in stark contrast to employment research's historical roots. Exploring these roots, this book traces how employment research was born out of the industrial and also democratic transformations of the 19th century and shows that the variations of employment research can be traced back to nation-specific state traditions. In particular, it shows how countries conceptualized their relationship between political and industrial democracy, to what extent their labour movements were more state-oriented, and what influence the state had on the organization of higher education and scientific research, and shaped research topics, methods, theories, and paradigms. The book argues that these different research cultures are still with us today, despite increasing globalization of the subject matter and growing internationalization of the academic world. Based on a comparative historical analysis of research characteristics in Britain, Germany, and the US, this book investigates how employment research developed in different ways in different countries. A longitudinal cross-country comparison of publications in the main journals of the field reveals that employment research is still deeply embedded in longstanding country-specific institutional and ideational traditions. The book makes the case for embracing this diversity, and rejuvenating the subject of employment research through a rediscovery of its policy-oriented research traditions, and a reinstatement of its relevance for society.
Michael Hechter
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199247516
- eISBN:
- 9780191599460
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019924751X.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
One important source of national identity lies in hierarchical and segmental cultural divisions of labour. These provide a social base for nationalism among territorially concentrated groups. Some ...
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One important source of national identity lies in hierarchical and segmental cultural divisions of labour. These provide a social base for nationalism among territorially concentrated groups. Some sources of cultural divisions of labour are enumerated. Whereas it was once thought that such divisions would attenuate in the face of industrialization and efficient labour markets, this often does not happen.Less
One important source of national identity lies in hierarchical and segmental cultural divisions of labour. These provide a social base for nationalism among territorially concentrated groups. Some sources of cultural divisions of labour are enumerated. Whereas it was once thought that such divisions would attenuate in the face of industrialization and efficient labour markets, this often does not happen.
Josh Whitford
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199286010
- eISBN:
- 9780191713903
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199286010.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy
American manufacturing is in crisis: the sector lost three million jobs between 2000 and 2003 as the American trade deficit shot to record highs. Manufacturers have increasingly decentralized ...
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American manufacturing is in crisis: the sector lost three million jobs between 2000 and 2003 as the American trade deficit shot to record highs. Manufacturers have increasingly decentralized productive responsibilities to armies of supplier firms, both domestically and abroad. Many have speculated as to whether or not manufacturing is even feasible in the United States, given the difficulties. This book examines the issues behind this crisis, looking at the emergence of a ‘new old economy’, in which relationships between firms have become much more important. It shows that discussion of this shift, in the media and in the academic literature, hits on the right issues — globalization, de-industrialization, and the outsourcing of production in marketized and in network relationships — but in an overly polarized way that obscures as much as it enlightens. Drawing on the results of interviews conducted with manufacturers in the American Upper Midwest, the book shows that the range of possibilities is more complex and contingent than is usually recognised. Highlighting heretofore unexamined elements of constraint, contradiction, and innovation that characterize contemporary network production models, the book shakes received understandings in economic and organizational sociology, comparative political economy, and economic geography to reveal ways in which the American economic development apparatus can be adjusted to better meet the challenges of a highly decentralized production regime.Less
American manufacturing is in crisis: the sector lost three million jobs between 2000 and 2003 as the American trade deficit shot to record highs. Manufacturers have increasingly decentralized productive responsibilities to armies of supplier firms, both domestically and abroad. Many have speculated as to whether or not manufacturing is even feasible in the United States, given the difficulties. This book examines the issues behind this crisis, looking at the emergence of a ‘new old economy’, in which relationships between firms have become much more important. It shows that discussion of this shift, in the media and in the academic literature, hits on the right issues — globalization, de-industrialization, and the outsourcing of production in marketized and in network relationships — but in an overly polarized way that obscures as much as it enlightens. Drawing on the results of interviews conducted with manufacturers in the American Upper Midwest, the book shows that the range of possibilities is more complex and contingent than is usually recognised. Highlighting heretofore unexamined elements of constraint, contradiction, and innovation that characterize contemporary network production models, the book shakes received understandings in economic and organizational sociology, comparative political economy, and economic geography to reveal ways in which the American economic development apparatus can be adjusted to better meet the challenges of a highly decentralized production regime.
Albert O. Hirschman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691159904
- eISBN:
- 9781400848409
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691159904.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Theory
This chapter surveys some characteristics of “import-substituting industrialization” in an attempt to appraise its evolution and the principal difficulties it has encountered. Some purely economic ...
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This chapter surveys some characteristics of “import-substituting industrialization” in an attempt to appraise its evolution and the principal difficulties it has encountered. Some purely economic aspects of the problem are discussed, but particular attention is directed to interrelations with social and political life, as industrialization—one of the principal solutions for Latin America's development—has led to some feelings of disenchantment. It becomes necessary here to have a clear-eyed view of what “late-late” industrializing is; instead of exhaustion, this chapter posits that Latin Americans are confronted with the growing pains of having industrialized without an industrial revolution (basic social and political changes).Less
This chapter surveys some characteristics of “import-substituting industrialization” in an attempt to appraise its evolution and the principal difficulties it has encountered. Some purely economic aspects of the problem are discussed, but particular attention is directed to interrelations with social and political life, as industrialization—one of the principal solutions for Latin America's development—has led to some feelings of disenchantment. It becomes necessary here to have a clear-eyed view of what “late-late” industrializing is; instead of exhaustion, this chapter posits that Latin Americans are confronted with the growing pains of having industrialized without an industrial revolution (basic social and political changes).
