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Donald Cuthbert Coleman 1920–1995

Peter Mathias and F. M. L. Thompson

in Proceedings of the British Academy, Volume 115 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows, I

Donald Coleman was an outstanding economic historian, specialising in industrial history. ‘Labour in the English Economy of the Seventeenth Century’ (1956) was an early influential article by him. ... More

Donald Coleman was an outstanding economic historian, specialising in industrial history. ‘Labour in the English Economy of the Seventeenth Century’ (1956) was an early influential article by him. Coleman held professorships at LSE and then Cambridge, and was elected Fellow of the British Academy in 1972. He published many articles and books, among them a highly respected history of Courtaulds and was editor of the Economic History Review and the Records of Social and Economic History series published by the British Academy. Obituary by Peter Mathias FBA and F.M.L. Thompson FBA.Less

Conclusion

in Chicago Made: Factory Networks in the Industrial Metropolis

On the eve of the Great Depression, Chicago was America's second industrial city. With the exception of New York, Chicago, by almost any measure, outdistanced all other urban centers. With a ... More

On the eve of the Great Depression, Chicago was America's second industrial city. With the exception of New York, Chicago, by almost any measure, outdistanced all other urban centers. With a population of more than 3.3 million in the city and another 1.2 million in the surrounding suburbs, the district's economy encompassed nearly every aspect of the manufacturing, service, transportation, construction, commercial, and professional world in the United States. This book shows that the metropolitan scale is important for understanding the industrial and urban histories of the United States. Probing the internal dynamics of manufacturing change and interchange in metropolitan areas unravels the relationship of capital investment and industrial change, reasserts the importance of the metropolis as the central coordinating entity of American society, and demonstrates the autonomy of industrial relations within the metropolis.Less

Food and improvement in the mid-nineteenth-century institution

Ian Miller

in Reforming food in post-Famine Ireland: Medicine, science and improvement, 18451922

The late nineteenth century was marked by profound concern about national physical well-being. Despite initial post-Famine optimism in the 1850s about the prospects of national dietary reconstruction ... More

The late nineteenth century was marked by profound concern about national physical well-being. Despite initial post-Famine optimism in the 1850s about the prospects of national dietary reconstruction and agricultural prosperity, pessimism about the Irish condition quickly re-emerged. To introduce this theme, this chapter focuses on mid-century feeding in institutions and maintains that critics of institutional dietary policies invoked this seemingly internal institutional matter as a concern with national implications. Following the Famine, physicians paid closer attention to the issues of nutritional quality and deficiency and established firm links between an insufficient diet and permanent physical and mental weakening. Institutions provided opportunities for physicians and medical witnesses to witness, monitor and better understand the negative physical and mental effects of poor nutrition. Their well-publicised observations drew public attention to the idea that a nutritionally inadequate diet encouraged the onset of bodily conditions such as scrofula (or tuberculosis of the neck) and ophthalmia (or conjunctivitis). This chapter explores these themes by analysing dietary arrangements in mid-century prisons, workhouses, reformatories and industrial schools.Less

Landscape, Industry, Piety: Wales as a Site of Inspiration in Travel Writing in French from 1780 to 1905

Kathryn N. Jones, Carol Tully, and Heather Williams

in Hidden Texts, Hidden Nation: (Re)Discoveries of Wales in Travel Writing in French and German (1780-2018)

French texts written during the French Revolution, the period of rapid industrialization that followed it, and the 1904-1905 Welsh Revival are shown to reflect concerns in France. Following the ... More

French texts written during the French Revolution, the period of rapid industrialization that followed it, and the 1904-1905 Welsh Revival are shown to reflect concerns in France. Following the Revolution the young Republic was grappling with the reinvention of its own past, and both the Gauls and Celts came into vogue. This is reflected in the development of travelogues to Wales, in which Switzerland, the dominant Romantic point of comparison slowly gives way to a concern with Celticness, and Brittany becomes the preferred prism through which to view Wales. A wish to view industrial progress and feats of engineering first hand is the other factor responsible for the huge increase in French travelogues to Wales during the course of the nineteenth century. By the start of the twentieth century however, the industrial communities of south Wales are the setting for a religious Revival, and travelogues from this period interpret the Revival as a specifically Welsh phenomenon. The chapter concludes that the Revival narratives constitute a paradigmatic shift, as continental travellers begin to view Wales on its own terms, rather than through the filters of Switzerland, Brittany or England.Less

Patriotism, Pan-Celticism and the Welsh Cultural Paradigm in Travel Writing in French from 1830 to 1900

Kathryn N. Jones, Carol Tully, and Heather Williams

in Hidden Texts, Hidden Nation: (Re)Discoveries of Wales in Travel Writing in French and German (1780-2018)

This chapter covers the period when Wales’s Celticness dominated French views. It contrasts travelogues by ‘Celtomaniac’ visitors with those by travellers with other agendas, such as social justice. ... More

This chapter covers the period when Wales’s Celticness dominated French views. It contrasts travelogues by ‘Celtomaniac’ visitors with those by travellers with other agendas, such as social justice. While industrial locations in south Wales continued to attract French interest, discussion of the Welsh language and culture is now often inseparable from the descriptions of the changing landscape and workforce. A number of these texts describe Eisteddfodau, and discussion of a cluster of travelogues prompted by the visit of a Breton delegation to the Cardiff National Eisteddfod of 1899 considers to what extent these travellers’ idealized expectations of Wales as a role model, in terms of its ability to adapt to modernity while preserving its traditions, are met. Nevertheless, this episode also suggests the extent to which encounters between peripheries remain within and become subsumed by the mediating framework of the relationship with the centre, as Bretons and Welsh negate their reciprocal cultural identities by designating the other as English and French. Both French chapters show Wales going from a little-known quantity to being considered as an intriguing Celtic ‘other’.Less

Periphery, Modernity and the Discovery of Wales in Travel Writing in German from 1790 to 1850

Kathryn N. Jones, Carol Tully, and Heather Williams

in Hidden Texts, Hidden Nation: (Re)Discoveries of Wales in Travel Writing in French and German (1780-2018)

This was a period of discovery, with many German-speaking travellers exploring the notion of Wales from a position of ignorance. Consequently, Wales is framed as a peripheral ‘other’ throughout, but ... More

This was a period of discovery, with many German-speaking travellers exploring the notion of Wales from a position of ignorance. Consequently, Wales is framed as a peripheral ‘other’ throughout, but nevertheless gradually establishes a presence in the German understanding of the British Isles. This is underpinned by a deeply conflicted reading. Some writers focus on an exoticized, Romanticized Wales which is also seen to be colonized and threatened by its dominant neighbour. Other works highlight the impact, but also the desirability of encroaching modernity in the shape of industry and tourism. Most of these travellers are drawn by sublime landscapes and ancient ruins, as well as developments in mining and infrastructure. Writers adopt different prisms through which to observe Wales but as time goes on, these begin to merge as the beginnings of a recognisable tourist trail develop. Central throughout, however, is an ongoing critique of the English domination of Wales, often described explicitly in colonial terms. This serves to undermine the image of England (as a cipher for Great Britain) as a paradigmatic locus of progressive ideals for the German-speaking lands in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars and on the brink of industrial revolution.Less

Conclusion

Ralph Davis

in The Rise of the English Shipping Industry in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

This chapter brings the findings of the journal to a conclusion. It gives an overview of the industrial and shipping progress made between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, noting that the ... More

This chapter brings the findings of the journal to a conclusion. It gives an overview of the industrial and shipping progress made between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, noting that the need for the bulk transport of goods propelled much of the development. It reviews the rate of growth and the part shipping played in laying the groundwork for the coming Industrial Revolution. It concludes that these two centuries of shipping established British monopolies, greater wealth, and the dependence of the American economy - a status quo which would last for another century.Less