Steven A. Bank
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195326192
- eISBN:
- 9780199775811
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326192.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
The U.S. corporate income tax — and in particular the double taxation of corporate income — has long been one of the most criticized and stubbornly persistent aspects of the federal revenue system. ...
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The U.S. corporate income tax — and in particular the double taxation of corporate income — has long been one of the most criticized and stubbornly persistent aspects of the federal revenue system. Unlike in most other industrialized countries, corporate income is taxed twice, first at the entity level and again at the shareholder level when distributed as a dividend. The conventional wisdom has been that this double taxation was part of the system's original design over a century ago and has survived despite withering opposition from business interests. In both cases, history tells another tale. Double taxation as it is known today did not appear until several decades after the corporate income tax was first adopted. Moreover, it was embraced by corporate representatives at the outset and in subsequent years businesses have been far more ambivalent about its existence than is popularly assumed. From Sword to Shield: The Transformation of the Corporate Income Tax, 1861 to Present is the first historical account of the evolution of the corporate income tax in America. It explains the origins of corporate income tax and the political, economic, and social forces that transformed it from a sword against evasion of the individual income tax to a shield against government and shareholder interference with the management of corporate funds.Less
The U.S. corporate income tax — and in particular the double taxation of corporate income — has long been one of the most criticized and stubbornly persistent aspects of the federal revenue system. Unlike in most other industrialized countries, corporate income is taxed twice, first at the entity level and again at the shareholder level when distributed as a dividend. The conventional wisdom has been that this double taxation was part of the system's original design over a century ago and has survived despite withering opposition from business interests. In both cases, history tells another tale. Double taxation as it is known today did not appear until several decades after the corporate income tax was first adopted. Moreover, it was embraced by corporate representatives at the outset and in subsequent years businesses have been far more ambivalent about its existence than is popularly assumed. From Sword to Shield: The Transformation of the Corporate Income Tax, 1861 to Present is the first historical account of the evolution of the corporate income tax in America. It explains the origins of corporate income tax and the political, economic, and social forces that transformed it from a sword against evasion of the individual income tax to a shield against government and shareholder interference with the management of corporate funds.
Fred Campano and Dominick Salvatore
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195300918
- eISBN:
- 9780199783441
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195300912.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter focuses on the role of the government in ensuring basic needs and how that may be managed through income taxes and public expenditure. The analysis is mainly done in the framework of ...
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This chapter focuses on the role of the government in ensuring basic needs and how that may be managed through income taxes and public expenditure. The analysis is mainly done in the framework of income flows to and from quantiles of households.Less
This chapter focuses on the role of the government in ensuring basic needs and how that may be managed through income taxes and public expenditure. The analysis is mainly done in the framework of income flows to and from quantiles of households.
Kenneth Newton and Maria A. Confalonieri
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294740
- eISBN:
- 9780191598838
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198294743.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Examines the economic, political, and social bases of public support for, and opposition to, the tax regimes of Western Europe, finding that the political basis outweighs the other two. The chapter ...
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Examines the economic, political, and social bases of public support for, and opposition to, the tax regimes of Western Europe, finding that the political basis outweighs the other two. The chapter concentrates on the issue of progressive income tax and the related matter of income redistribution. Both progressive taxation and income redistribution are important principles of modern taxation systems and their underlying goals of equality and opportunity. Taxes are often a central issue in modern election campaigns. Most citizens pay income taxes, and most have clear and strong views about them. For these reasons, these two principles are important topics for political science research and are well suited to the surveys of mass opinion.Less
Examines the economic, political, and social bases of public support for, and opposition to, the tax regimes of Western Europe, finding that the political basis outweighs the other two. The chapter concentrates on the issue of progressive income tax and the related matter of income redistribution. Both progressive taxation and income redistribution are important principles of modern taxation systems and their underlying goals of equality and opportunity. Taxes are often a central issue in modern election campaigns. Most citizens pay income taxes, and most have clear and strong views about them. For these reasons, these two principles are important topics for political science research and are well suited to the surveys of mass opinion.
A. B. Atkinson
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198292166
- eISBN:
- 9780191595875
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198292163.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
The book provides an introduction to the key ideas of public economics. For this purpose, it takes as a case study the proposal for a basic income financed by a flat tax on all income. This radical ...
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The book provides an introduction to the key ideas of public economics. For this purpose, it takes as a case study the proposal for a basic income financed by a flat tax on all income. This radical reform of the income tax and social security systems has generated wide interest. The book reviews different areas of public economics: the theory of optimum taxation, public choice theory, general equilibrium analysis of incidence, numerical tax‐benefit modelling, and econometric studies of work incentives. The author does not argue for or against the basic income proposal but believes that it should be on the agenda for serious discussion.Less
The book provides an introduction to the key ideas of public economics. For this purpose, it takes as a case study the proposal for a basic income financed by a flat tax on all income. This radical reform of the income tax and social security systems has generated wide interest. The book reviews different areas of public economics: the theory of optimum taxation, public choice theory, general equilibrium analysis of incidence, numerical tax‐benefit modelling, and econometric studies of work incentives. The author does not argue for or against the basic income proposal but believes that it should be on the agenda for serious discussion.
STEVEN A. BANK
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195326192
- eISBN:
- 9780199775811
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326192.003.003
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This chapter discusses corporate tax in the early 20th century. The 1894 corporate income tax represented the culmination of a gradual evolution of corporate taxation at the state and federal level ...
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This chapter discusses corporate tax in the early 20th century. The 1894 corporate income tax represented the culmination of a gradual evolution of corporate taxation at the state and federal level during the 19th century, but it was still more closely aligned with the shareholder-centric corporate taxation of the Civil War era than with the modern corporate income tax. It was not until 1909 that Congress actually targeted the corporation with an entity-level tax. In that legislation, Congress imposed an excise tax against corporations, which was measured by corporate income. The 1909 corporate excise tax was imposed in lieu of a general income tax because of the Supreme Court's decision in Pollock that struck down the income tax enacted in 1894. Rather than being the forerunner of the modern corporate income tax, it was the successor to efforts beginning in the Spanish–American War in 1898 to enact a substitute for an income tax that would not run afoul of the Court's ruling. While corporate taxation between the Court's decision in Pollock and the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment was significant because it targeted the corporation for the first time, the focus was still on reaching the shareholders. Thus, the separate tax principle, which Robert Clark has called one of the fundamental features of the modern corporate income tax system, was not fully introduced until later in the 20th century.Less
This chapter discusses corporate tax in the early 20th century. The 1894 corporate income tax represented the culmination of a gradual evolution of corporate taxation at the state and federal level during the 19th century, but it was still more closely aligned with the shareholder-centric corporate taxation of the Civil War era than with the modern corporate income tax. It was not until 1909 that Congress actually targeted the corporation with an entity-level tax. In that legislation, Congress imposed an excise tax against corporations, which was measured by corporate income. The 1909 corporate excise tax was imposed in lieu of a general income tax because of the Supreme Court's decision in Pollock that struck down the income tax enacted in 1894. Rather than being the forerunner of the modern corporate income tax, it was the successor to efforts beginning in the Spanish–American War in 1898 to enact a substitute for an income tax that would not run afoul of the Court's ruling. While corporate taxation between the Court's decision in Pollock and the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment was significant because it targeted the corporation for the first time, the focus was still on reaching the shareholders. Thus, the separate tax principle, which Robert Clark has called one of the fundamental features of the modern corporate income tax system, was not fully introduced until later in the 20th century.
Hiromitsu Ishi
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199242566
- eISBN:
- 9780191596452
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199242569.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
Basic Structures of the individual income tax are examined in various ways. Throughout the post‐war period, the income tax has reigned in the Japanese tax system, occupying a significant portion of ...
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Basic Structures of the individual income tax are examined in various ways. Throughout the post‐war period, the income tax has reigned in the Japanese tax system, occupying a significant portion of its tax revenues. Thus, it is very important to clarify main structures of such a tax.Less
Basic Structures of the individual income tax are examined in various ways. Throughout the post‐war period, the income tax has reigned in the Japanese tax system, occupying a significant portion of its tax revenues. Thus, it is very important to clarify main structures of such a tax.
Philippe Van Parijs
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198293576
- eISBN:
- 9780191600074
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198293577.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
As a first cut, how close a society's institutions are to the ideal of a free society is determined by how high an unconditional basic income it manages to sustainably give to all its members. There ...
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As a first cut, how close a society's institutions are to the ideal of a free society is determined by how high an unconditional basic income it manages to sustainably give to all its members. There are good reasons to give this income in the form of a demogrant rather than of a negative income tax, to distribute it in the form of regular instalments rather than as a one‐off capital grant, and to give part of it in kind, in particular, in the form of free education and health insurance rather than as a cash benefit.Less
As a first cut, how close a society's institutions are to the ideal of a free society is determined by how high an unconditional basic income it manages to sustainably give to all its members. There are good reasons to give this income in the form of a demogrant rather than of a negative income tax, to distribute it in the form of regular instalments rather than as a one‐off capital grant, and to give part of it in kind, in particular, in the form of free education and health insurance rather than as a cash benefit.
Hiromitsu Ishi
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199242566
- eISBN:
- 9780191596452
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199242569.003.0017
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
Treats two sweeping tax reforms starting from the late 1980s, that is to say, that for 1987–93 and that for 1994–99. It is important to explore the reasons leading up to a need for major reforms and ...
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Treats two sweeping tax reforms starting from the late 1980s, that is to say, that for 1987–93 and that for 1994–99. It is important to explore the reasons leading up to a need for major reforms and the contents of reform packages. Reform plans of three direct taxes, such as the individual income tax, the corporate tax, and the inheritance tax, are mainly discussed in detail.Less
Treats two sweeping tax reforms starting from the late 1980s, that is to say, that for 1987–93 and that for 1994–99. It is important to explore the reasons leading up to a need for major reforms and the contents of reform packages. Reform plans of three direct taxes, such as the individual income tax, the corporate tax, and the inheritance tax, are mainly discussed in detail.
STEVEN A. BANK
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195326192
- eISBN:
- 9780199775811
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326192.003.002
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This chapter discusses the transition from the Civil War era's industry-based approach to taxation, to corporate taxes. At the state level, the separate corporate tax began to emerge in the latter ...
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This chapter discusses the transition from the Civil War era's industry-based approach to taxation, to corporate taxes. At the state level, the separate corporate tax began to emerge in the latter half of the 19th century as a result of frustration with the property tax and the spread of corporations formed under the new general incorporation statutes. Some of the same factors motivating the adoption of corporate income taxes at the state level also helped to influence developments at the federal level.Less
This chapter discusses the transition from the Civil War era's industry-based approach to taxation, to corporate taxes. At the state level, the separate corporate tax began to emerge in the latter half of the 19th century as a result of frustration with the property tax and the spread of corporations formed under the new general incorporation statutes. Some of the same factors motivating the adoption of corporate income taxes at the state level also helped to influence developments at the federal level.
Peggy.B Musgrave
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195179972
- eISBN:
- 9780199850709
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195179972.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This chapter examines the combination of fiscal sovereignty and coordination in national taxation systems in the context of globalization. It evaluates the rationale behind the design of cooperative ...
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This chapter examines the combination of fiscal sovereignty and coordination in national taxation systems in the context of globalization. It evaluates the rationale behind the design of cooperative rules across tax jurisdictions and discusses corporate profits and the treatment of income and capital flows across national borders. This chapters concludes that in order to have a fair and efficient international tax order, countries should adopt a combination of taxes, such as personal tax expenditure tax with a schedular corporate tax or a value-added tax (VAT) of the origin type together with an integrated corporate-individual income tax.Less
This chapter examines the combination of fiscal sovereignty and coordination in national taxation systems in the context of globalization. It evaluates the rationale behind the design of cooperative rules across tax jurisdictions and discusses corporate profits and the treatment of income and capital flows across national borders. This chapters concludes that in order to have a fair and efficient international tax order, countries should adopt a combination of taxes, such as personal tax expenditure tax with a schedular corporate tax or a value-added tax (VAT) of the origin type together with an integrated corporate-individual income tax.
Hiromitsu Ishi
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199242566
- eISBN:
- 9780191596452
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199242569.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
Discusses on the impact of income tax structure. It is widely acknowledged that the major goal of tax reductions was to adjust for the heavier tax burdens arising from inflation; at least it was true ...
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Discusses on the impact of income tax structure. It is widely acknowledged that the major goal of tax reductions was to adjust for the heavier tax burdens arising from inflation; at least it was true until the late 1980s. Thus it is necessary to clarify the mechanics of inflation adjustments via tax‐ cut policies.Less
Discusses on the impact of income tax structure. It is widely acknowledged that the major goal of tax reductions was to adjust for the heavier tax burdens arising from inflation; at least it was true until the late 1980s. Thus it is necessary to clarify the mechanics of inflation adjustments via tax‐ cut policies.
Raymond G. Batina and Toshihiro Ihori
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198297901
- eISBN:
- 9780191685361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198297901.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This introductory chapter discusses the purpose of this book and its content. The main purpose of this book is to study consumption tax policy and the taxation of capital. Several reasons are ...
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This introductory chapter discusses the purpose of this book and its content. The main purpose of this book is to study consumption tax policy and the taxation of capital. Several reasons are presented why it is interesting to study different literature on consumption tax policy. First, consumption tax has the potential of generating significant amount of revenue and it can be a possible alternative to income tax as the main source of government income. Second, knowledge learned from studying consumption tax provides a good tool for help with future decisions regarding government policy. Third, studying consumption tax policy provides a good example of the way in which economics as a science evolves and of how policy debates evolve.Less
This introductory chapter discusses the purpose of this book and its content. The main purpose of this book is to study consumption tax policy and the taxation of capital. Several reasons are presented why it is interesting to study different literature on consumption tax policy. First, consumption tax has the potential of generating significant amount of revenue and it can be a possible alternative to income tax as the main source of government income. Second, knowledge learned from studying consumption tax provides a good tool for help with future decisions regarding government policy. Third, studying consumption tax policy provides a good example of the way in which economics as a science evolves and of how policy debates evolve.
Lane Kenworthy
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199591527
- eISBN:
- 9780191731389
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199591527.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
To provide transfers and services, governments must tax. In affluent countries the principal sources of government revenue are taxes on income (individual and corporate), payroll, and consumption. ...
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To provide transfers and services, governments must tax. In affluent countries the principal sources of government revenue are taxes on income (individual and corporate), payroll, and consumption. What is the optimal mix among these three types of taxes? The comparative empirical record suggests the following: Income taxes are the most progressive of the three. But taxation tends to have relatively little direct impact on the income distribution; transfers and services are far more important. Consumption and payroll taxes have not been the key to expansion of tax revenues in recent decades. The nations that have increased revenues (as a share of GDP) have done so as much via income taxes. Countries relying more heavily on income taxes have not suffered slower economic growth. Nations that rely more heavily on payroll taxes do appear to have had slower employment growth over the past few decades. For policy makers seeking an optimal tax mix, these findings suggest that countries have a good bit of leeway to choose.Less
To provide transfers and services, governments must tax. In affluent countries the principal sources of government revenue are taxes on income (individual and corporate), payroll, and consumption. What is the optimal mix among these three types of taxes? The comparative empirical record suggests the following: Income taxes are the most progressive of the three. But taxation tends to have relatively little direct impact on the income distribution; transfers and services are far more important. Consumption and payroll taxes have not been the key to expansion of tax revenues in recent decades. The nations that have increased revenues (as a share of GDP) have done so as much via income taxes. Countries relying more heavily on income taxes have not suffered slower economic growth. Nations that rely more heavily on payroll taxes do appear to have had slower employment growth over the past few decades. For policy makers seeking an optimal tax mix, these findings suggest that countries have a good bit of leeway to choose.
Fred Campano and Dominick Salvatore
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195300918
- eISBN:
- 9780199783441
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195300912.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The definition of income in developed and developing countries is introduced. The use of household sample surveys to gather information on income distribution is discussed as well as the derived ...
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The definition of income in developed and developing countries is introduced. The use of household sample surveys to gather information on income distribution is discussed as well as the derived income distribution summary tables, histograms, polygons, and cumulative distribution.Less
The definition of income in developed and developing countries is introduced. The use of household sample surveys to gather information on income distribution is discussed as well as the derived income distribution summary tables, histograms, polygons, and cumulative distribution.
Hiromitsu Ishi
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199242566
- eISBN:
- 9780191596452
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199242569.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
Deals with the effects of income taxes on income distribution. It is widely believed that the individual income tax, with progressive tax rates, can reduce the inequality of income distribution or at ...
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Deals with the effects of income taxes on income distribution. It is widely believed that the individual income tax, with progressive tax rates, can reduce the inequality of income distribution or at least slowdown its growth. An attempt is made to correlate information about the redistribution effects of income taxes with the distribution of income.Less
Deals with the effects of income taxes on income distribution. It is widely believed that the individual income tax, with progressive tax rates, can reduce the inequality of income distribution or at least slowdown its growth. An attempt is made to correlate information about the redistribution effects of income taxes with the distribution of income.
STEVEN A. BANK
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195326192
- eISBN:
- 9780199775811
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326192.003.001
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This chapter discusses the roots of the corporate income tax, which can be found in the 19th century. The early taxation of corporations — generally through capital stock taxes, dividend taxes, or ...
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This chapter discusses the roots of the corporate income tax, which can be found in the 19th century. The early taxation of corporations — generally through capital stock taxes, dividend taxes, or similar devices applied to members of particular industries — was neither a punishment nor a price for the special privileges of corporate status. Rather, entity-level taxation developed as an aid to other forms of taxation and as a reflection of the difficulties the corporation posed for these taxes. The state property tax, for example, dealt with the introduction of intangible forms of property and the spread of property beyond local or even state borders by taxing at the entity level to ensure that the tax revenues did not escape the jurisdiction. Similarly, entity-level taxation served as a collection mechanism for dividends paid to shareholders when an income tax was adopted during the Civil War and Reconstruction. In both cases, these early taxes were targeted against members of specific industries rather than corporations per se. Nevertheless, the selection of these particular industries for special taxation was often a reflection of the dominance of the corporate form among their members. In this sense, these taxes were the precursors to the modern corporate income tax.Less
This chapter discusses the roots of the corporate income tax, which can be found in the 19th century. The early taxation of corporations — generally through capital stock taxes, dividend taxes, or similar devices applied to members of particular industries — was neither a punishment nor a price for the special privileges of corporate status. Rather, entity-level taxation developed as an aid to other forms of taxation and as a reflection of the difficulties the corporation posed for these taxes. The state property tax, for example, dealt with the introduction of intangible forms of property and the spread of property beyond local or even state borders by taxing at the entity level to ensure that the tax revenues did not escape the jurisdiction. Similarly, entity-level taxation served as a collection mechanism for dividends paid to shareholders when an income tax was adopted during the Civil War and Reconstruction. In both cases, these early taxes were targeted against members of specific industries rather than corporations per se. Nevertheless, the selection of these particular industries for special taxation was often a reflection of the dominance of the corporate form among their members. In this sense, these taxes were the precursors to the modern corporate income tax.
Bernard Van Praag
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199226146
- eISBN:
- 9780191718595
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199226146.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Behavioural Economics
This chapter examines the feasibility of a lump-sum tax based on ‘ability’, defined as a function of IQ and education. Empirical research on a Dutch database shows that shifting from income-based to ...
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This chapter examines the feasibility of a lump-sum tax based on ‘ability’, defined as a function of IQ and education. Empirical research on a Dutch database shows that shifting from income-based to ability-based taxation would not have devastating effects on net income positions. These relatively small effects are attributed to the prevailing equitable tax rates in the Netherlands, and the limitation of the study to full-time employees.Less
This chapter examines the feasibility of a lump-sum tax based on ‘ability’, defined as a function of IQ and education. Empirical research on a Dutch database shows that shifting from income-based to ability-based taxation would not have devastating effects on net income positions. These relatively small effects are attributed to the prevailing equitable tax rates in the Netherlands, and the limitation of the study to full-time employees.
Reuven Avi-Yonah, Nicola Sartori, and Omri Marian
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195321357
- eISBN:
- 9780199893690
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195321357.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Company and Commercial Law, Public International Law
This book covers the standard topics regarding income tax, using a comparative perspective. The book considers the US approach as a benchmark and compares it with approaches used in other countries ...
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This book covers the standard topics regarding income tax, using a comparative perspective. The book considers the US approach as a benchmark and compares it with approaches used in other countries that form an interesting contrast, or a telling similarity. Comparative tax studies serve multiple purposes. Many commentators have suggested comparative taxation as an instrument to advance, inter alia, successful tax reforms, cultural understanding, democratic values, legal harmonization, and a better understanding of domestic tax laws. This book is offering a general approach to comparative tax studies that goes beyond the view of comparative taxation as an autonomous field of legal studies.Less
This book covers the standard topics regarding income tax, using a comparative perspective. The book considers the US approach as a benchmark and compares it with approaches used in other countries that form an interesting contrast, or a telling similarity. Comparative tax studies serve multiple purposes. Many commentators have suggested comparative taxation as an instrument to advance, inter alia, successful tax reforms, cultural understanding, democratic values, legal harmonization, and a better understanding of domestic tax laws. This book is offering a general approach to comparative tax studies that goes beyond the view of comparative taxation as an autonomous field of legal studies.
Hiromitsu Ishi
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199242566
- eISBN:
- 9780191596452
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199242569.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
Describes the general features of corporate taxes, which has steadily developed into the largest or second largest source of tax revenue in the national tax system. Major issues are its basic nature, ...
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Describes the general features of corporate taxes, which has steadily developed into the largest or second largest source of tax revenue in the national tax system. Major issues are its basic nature, integration problems between the corporate and individual income taxes, incidence of the tax and so on.Less
Describes the general features of corporate taxes, which has steadily developed into the largest or second largest source of tax revenue in the national tax system. Major issues are its basic nature, integration problems between the corporate and individual income taxes, incidence of the tax and so on.
Raymond G. Batina and Toshihiro Ihori
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198297901
- eISBN:
- 9780191685361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198297901.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter presents a discussion of the early literature on the consumption tax proposal. Early writers were concerned that people pay tax on what they get out of society in consumption rather than ...
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This chapter presents a discussion of the early literature on the consumption tax proposal. Early writers were concerned that people pay tax on what they get out of society in consumption rather than on what they put into society in labor and capital investment. The primary argument against general income tax was that such a tax taxes savings twice — once when the income is earned and a second time when the saving generates income. Some of the early proponents of the consumption tax include John Stuart Mill, Alfred Marshall, A. C. Pigou, John Maynard Keynes, and Irving Fisher. Later on, analysts focused their attention on the efficiency aspects of taxing capital income.Less
This chapter presents a discussion of the early literature on the consumption tax proposal. Early writers were concerned that people pay tax on what they get out of society in consumption rather than on what they put into society in labor and capital investment. The primary argument against general income tax was that such a tax taxes savings twice — once when the income is earned and a second time when the saving generates income. Some of the early proponents of the consumption tax include John Stuart Mill, Alfred Marshall, A. C. Pigou, John Maynard Keynes, and Irving Fisher. Later on, analysts focused their attention on the efficiency aspects of taxing capital income.
