Robert J. Chaskin and Mark L. Joseph
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226164397
- eISBN:
- 9780226303901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226303901.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
In this final chapter, we draw some broad conclusions about mixed-income public housing reform in Chicago, explore what they suggest regarding the promise and perils of this approach as a response to ...
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In this final chapter, we draw some broad conclusions about mixed-income public housing reform in Chicago, explore what they suggest regarding the promise and perils of this approach as a response to concentrated urban poverty, and outline some of the implications of these findings for both policy and practice. While we have documented the physical transformation, emergent economic revitalization, and improved safety and stability in the targeted areas, we conclude that the Plan for Transformation has thus far fallen considerably short of its social goals of breaking down the barriers that have isolated public housing residents in disadvantage and integrating them into the physical, social, and economic fabric of the city. We briefly review the evidence regarding the effect of poverty deconcentration policies, through both dispersal and development, on their integrationist goals and anticipated outcomes for the poor and discuss some of the reasons for these outcomes in the context of mixed-income public housing reform. We then outline some of the implications and potential responses that might inform future phases of current efforts as well as future policy and implementation orientations toward housing policy and addressing urban poverty more broadly.Less
In this final chapter, we draw some broad conclusions about mixed-income public housing reform in Chicago, explore what they suggest regarding the promise and perils of this approach as a response to concentrated urban poverty, and outline some of the implications of these findings for both policy and practice. While we have documented the physical transformation, emergent economic revitalization, and improved safety and stability in the targeted areas, we conclude that the Plan for Transformation has thus far fallen considerably short of its social goals of breaking down the barriers that have isolated public housing residents in disadvantage and integrating them into the physical, social, and economic fabric of the city. We briefly review the evidence regarding the effect of poverty deconcentration policies, through both dispersal and development, on their integrationist goals and anticipated outcomes for the poor and discuss some of the reasons for these outcomes in the context of mixed-income public housing reform. We then outline some of the implications and potential responses that might inform future phases of current efforts as well as future policy and implementation orientations toward housing policy and addressing urban poverty more broadly.
Robert J. Chaskin and Mark L. Joseph
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226164397
- eISBN:
- 9780226303901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226303901.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter places public housing reform policies like the Plan for Transformation in Chicago and HOPE VI (and its successor Choice Neighborhoods) at the national level in the broader historical ...
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This chapter places public housing reform policies like the Plan for Transformation in Chicago and HOPE VI (and its successor Choice Neighborhoods) at the national level in the broader historical context of community development and “community building” efforts in the United States. It then builds on this broader history to situate housing policy as a response to urban poverty, charting the development of public housing in the United States, providing a description and analysis of current policy that seeks to reform it, and laying out the parameters and components of the Transformation that frame action and impact at the local level in each mixed-income development replacing public housing complexes.Less
This chapter places public housing reform policies like the Plan for Transformation in Chicago and HOPE VI (and its successor Choice Neighborhoods) at the national level in the broader historical context of community development and “community building” efforts in the United States. It then builds on this broader history to situate housing policy as a response to urban poverty, charting the development of public housing in the United States, providing a description and analysis of current policy that seeks to reform it, and laying out the parameters and components of the Transformation that frame action and impact at the local level in each mixed-income development replacing public housing complexes.
Robert J. Chaskin and Mark L. Joseph
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226164397
- eISBN:
- 9780226303901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226303901.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter shifts to the empirical focus of the book on three new mixed-income developments. We describe each of the neighborhood and development site contexts, exploring the demographic shifts, ...
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This chapter shifts to the empirical focus of the book on three new mixed-income developments. We describe each of the neighborhood and development site contexts, exploring the demographic shifts, institutional landscape, public housing decline, and revitalization trends that preceded the public housing transformation in each area, as well as the dynamics of planning and contestation that shaped the development process in each. We provide detailed descriptions of the three sites in which our study of mixed-income development took place: Oakwood Shores (replacing the Madden-Wells public housing development), Park Boulevard (replacing Stateway Gardens) and Westhaven Park (replacing Henry Horner Homes). We then review key elements of the design and pre-development phase of the mixed-income sites and describe the emerging populations across the sites as they have been built out.Less
This chapter shifts to the empirical focus of the book on three new mixed-income developments. We describe each of the neighborhood and development site contexts, exploring the demographic shifts, institutional landscape, public housing decline, and revitalization trends that preceded the public housing transformation in each area, as well as the dynamics of planning and contestation that shaped the development process in each. We provide detailed descriptions of the three sites in which our study of mixed-income development took place: Oakwood Shores (replacing the Madden-Wells public housing development), Park Boulevard (replacing Stateway Gardens) and Westhaven Park (replacing Henry Horner Homes). We then review key elements of the design and pre-development phase of the mixed-income sites and describe the emerging populations across the sites as they have been built out.
Pauline Lipman
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847424938
- eISBN:
- 9781447305538
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847424938.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter takes a critical look at the common-sense notion that mixed-income schools in newly constructed mixed-income communities are generative of educational equality and social justice. It ...
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This chapter takes a critical look at the common-sense notion that mixed-income schools in newly constructed mixed-income communities are generative of educational equality and social justice. It locates these policies in relation to neoliberal urban development and the politics of race. The chapter focuses on the assumptions and empirical evidence for current mixed-income projects. The chapter's analysis addresses the ideological basis and intellectual origins of mixed-income strategies, their relation to neoliberal urban restructuring, evidence for mixed income schools and housing, and the implications for educational equity and social and economic justice. The chapter concludes with a framework for alternative policies that draws on Nancy Fraser's three inter-related dimensions of social justice: economic redistribution, cultural recognition and political representation. The analysis focuses on a specific case, Chicago, where mixed-income housing and school policies are joined, discursively and practically.Less
This chapter takes a critical look at the common-sense notion that mixed-income schools in newly constructed mixed-income communities are generative of educational equality and social justice. It locates these policies in relation to neoliberal urban development and the politics of race. The chapter focuses on the assumptions and empirical evidence for current mixed-income projects. The chapter's analysis addresses the ideological basis and intellectual origins of mixed-income strategies, their relation to neoliberal urban restructuring, evidence for mixed income schools and housing, and the implications for educational equity and social and economic justice. The chapter concludes with a framework for alternative policies that draws on Nancy Fraser's three inter-related dimensions of social justice: economic redistribution, cultural recognition and political representation. The analysis focuses on a specific case, Chicago, where mixed-income housing and school policies are joined, discursively and practically.
Robert J. Chaskin and Mark L. Joseph
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226164397
- eISBN:
- 9780226303901
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226303901.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This book examines the intent, implementation, and emerging outcomes of Chicago’s Plan for Transformation, the largest and most extensive effort in the country to deconcentrate poverty by ...
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This book examines the intent, implementation, and emerging outcomes of Chicago’s Plan for Transformation, the largest and most extensive effort in the country to deconcentrate poverty by redeveloping public housing. We explore one particular component of the broader Transformation—the development of new, mixed-income communities on the footprint of former public housing complexes. We focus on public housing reform as a mechanism of community revitalization and integration—an intentional effort, driven by public policy but relying to a large extent on market processes and operating through public-private partnerships, to reclaim and rebuild neighborhoods. Drawing on seven years of research focused on three of the new mixed-income developments, we examine the motivating assumptions, arguments, and interests that drive these efforts, the nature of the new communities being built, the strategies, mechanisms, and social processes that shape community dynamics in them, and the apparent benefits and costs to public housing residents and to the city. We find that while some of the concrete goals of the Transformation are being met—including significant improvements to the housing units and neighborhood environments in which public housing residents and their new neighbors live—the broader integrationist goals of the policy have failed to take hold. Rather than effectively integrating public housing residents into these new mixed-income contexts, the community dynamics emerging and mechanisms of control put in place are leading to what we describe as incorporated exclusion, in which physical integration reproduces marginalization and leads more to withdrawal and alienation than engagement and inclusion.Less
This book examines the intent, implementation, and emerging outcomes of Chicago’s Plan for Transformation, the largest and most extensive effort in the country to deconcentrate poverty by redeveloping public housing. We explore one particular component of the broader Transformation—the development of new, mixed-income communities on the footprint of former public housing complexes. We focus on public housing reform as a mechanism of community revitalization and integration—an intentional effort, driven by public policy but relying to a large extent on market processes and operating through public-private partnerships, to reclaim and rebuild neighborhoods. Drawing on seven years of research focused on three of the new mixed-income developments, we examine the motivating assumptions, arguments, and interests that drive these efforts, the nature of the new communities being built, the strategies, mechanisms, and social processes that shape community dynamics in them, and the apparent benefits and costs to public housing residents and to the city. We find that while some of the concrete goals of the Transformation are being met—including significant improvements to the housing units and neighborhood environments in which public housing residents and their new neighbors live—the broader integrationist goals of the policy have failed to take hold. Rather than effectively integrating public housing residents into these new mixed-income contexts, the community dynamics emerging and mechanisms of control put in place are leading to what we describe as incorporated exclusion, in which physical integration reproduces marginalization and leads more to withdrawal and alienation than engagement and inclusion.
James Fraser, James Defilippis, and Joshua Bazuin
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847424938
- eISBN:
- 9781447305538
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847424938.003.0014
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
HOPE VI stands for Home ownership and Opportunity for People Everywhere, and this chapter looks at the HOPE VI mixed-income projects in US cities, especially Nashville, Tennessee. It calls for ...
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HOPE VI stands for Home ownership and Opportunity for People Everywhere, and this chapter looks at the HOPE VI mixed-income projects in US cities, especially Nashville, Tennessee. It calls for modesty in its claims.Less
HOPE VI stands for Home ownership and Opportunity for People Everywhere, and this chapter looks at the HOPE VI mixed-income projects in US cities, especially Nashville, Tennessee. It calls for modesty in its claims.
Robert J. Chaskin and Mark L. Joseph
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226164397
- eISBN:
- 9780226303901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226303901.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter describes the strategies and inputs put in place to recreate community in each of the three mixed-income sites and lays the foundation for our analysis of emerging social relations, ...
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This chapter describes the strategies and inputs put in place to recreate community in each of the three mixed-income sites and lays the foundation for our analysis of emerging social relations, social organization, and broader integration in the chapters that follow. We first examine the vision, expectations, and goals regarding community building among the development teams and their key partners. In particular, we focus on the interplay and tensions between market and social goals, and explore development professionals’ expectations for change at the individual and community level. We then turn to the strategic inputs put in place by the development teams to achieve these goals. We organize our discussion around three main strategic orientations to recreating community at the sites: providing services to low-income residents to change their economic and social conditions, promoting and managing social relations, and shaping the environment through design, investment, and enforcement of norms and rules.Less
This chapter describes the strategies and inputs put in place to recreate community in each of the three mixed-income sites and lays the foundation for our analysis of emerging social relations, social organization, and broader integration in the chapters that follow. We first examine the vision, expectations, and goals regarding community building among the development teams and their key partners. In particular, we focus on the interplay and tensions between market and social goals, and explore development professionals’ expectations for change at the individual and community level. We then turn to the strategic inputs put in place by the development teams to achieve these goals. We organize our discussion around three main strategic orientations to recreating community at the sites: providing services to low-income residents to change their economic and social conditions, promoting and managing social relations, and shaping the environment through design, investment, and enforcement of norms and rules.
Mark L. Joseph
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- December 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190862305
- eISBN:
- 9780190862336
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190862305.003.0008
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy, Communities and Organizations
This chapter examines the achievements and limitations of mixed-income development as a desegregation strategy. Mixed-income development has proven to be an effective way to harness private-sector ...
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This chapter examines the achievements and limitations of mixed-income development as a desegregation strategy. Mixed-income development has proven to be an effective way to harness private-sector interest in urban revitalization in order to generate the production of high-quality affordable housing. Beyond the goals of physical redevelopment and residential integration, there is evidence that mixed-income approaches promote stable, safe communities. After 20 years of the HOPE VI initiative, the federal government sought to enhance the mixed-income approach by launching Choice Neighborhoods in 2010. Significant questions remain about how to increase the benefits to low-income households through this approach and how to avoid reinforcing stigma and marginalization within the new developments. After briefly reviewing the history of mixed-income housing and the theoretical propositions underlying it, this chapter reviews the evidence of its benefits and shortcomings as a desegregation approach and proposes an array of strategies for strengthening the approach.Less
This chapter examines the achievements and limitations of mixed-income development as a desegregation strategy. Mixed-income development has proven to be an effective way to harness private-sector interest in urban revitalization in order to generate the production of high-quality affordable housing. Beyond the goals of physical redevelopment and residential integration, there is evidence that mixed-income approaches promote stable, safe communities. After 20 years of the HOPE VI initiative, the federal government sought to enhance the mixed-income approach by launching Choice Neighborhoods in 2010. Significant questions remain about how to increase the benefits to low-income households through this approach and how to avoid reinforcing stigma and marginalization within the new developments. After briefly reviewing the history of mixed-income housing and the theoretical propositions underlying it, this chapter reviews the evidence of its benefits and shortcomings as a desegregation approach and proposes an array of strategies for strengthening the approach.
Lawrence J. Vale
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- December 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190624330
- eISBN:
- 9780190624361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190624330.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
This chapter provides a brief overview American public housing history, linked to the broader planning history of slum clearance and urban renewal. It steps back to consider the longer history of ...
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This chapter provides a brief overview American public housing history, linked to the broader planning history of slum clearance and urban renewal. It steps back to consider the longer history of efforts to define the problem of poverty and its governance. It then traces the evolution of deeply subsidized housing programs, revealing decades of expansion, followed by a more recent contraction. It next introduces HOPE VI, the main federal program of public housing redevelopment, explaining its policy evolution, efforts to combat concentrated poverty, and links to gentrification. It provides a method for categorizing the significant variety of efforts to implement HOPE VI projects, showing that mixed-income housing can be pursued in many different ways, in accordance with divergent aims. By identifying the larger national pattern of HOPE VI deployment in an unprecedented way, it situates the book’s four detailed case examinations in a more holistic context.Less
This chapter provides a brief overview American public housing history, linked to the broader planning history of slum clearance and urban renewal. It steps back to consider the longer history of efforts to define the problem of poverty and its governance. It then traces the evolution of deeply subsidized housing programs, revealing decades of expansion, followed by a more recent contraction. It next introduces HOPE VI, the main federal program of public housing redevelopment, explaining its policy evolution, efforts to combat concentrated poverty, and links to gentrification. It provides a method for categorizing the significant variety of efforts to implement HOPE VI projects, showing that mixed-income housing can be pursued in many different ways, in accordance with divergent aims. By identifying the larger national pattern of HOPE VI deployment in an unprecedented way, it situates the book’s four detailed case examinations in a more holistic context.
John J. Betancur and Janet L. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040504
- eISBN:
- 9780252098949
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040504.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
This chapter examines how the transformation of public housing leads to neighborhood change by focusing on two Chicago neighborhoods: Cabrini Green on the Lower North Side and Lakefront Properties on ...
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This chapter examines how the transformation of public housing leads to neighborhood change by focusing on two Chicago neighborhoods: Cabrini Green on the Lower North Side and Lakefront Properties on the South Side. More specifically, it considers how each neighborhood was transformed over decades into a space of flexible accumulation in which to build new mixed-income communities. It first reviews the U.S. housing policy that made transformation necessary and goes on to show how policy implementation controlled to some extent the market forces that normally shape the cycles of creative destruction over time, while also making accumulation and commodification more surgical and calculating in the two neighborhoods. It also demonstrates how social science research in combination with public policy and market mechanisms can result in the gentrification of the public housing ghetto. It argues that public housing residents—the presumed beneficiaries—can be contained and diminished in both the physical and social space of Chicago.Less
This chapter examines how the transformation of public housing leads to neighborhood change by focusing on two Chicago neighborhoods: Cabrini Green on the Lower North Side and Lakefront Properties on the South Side. More specifically, it considers how each neighborhood was transformed over decades into a space of flexible accumulation in which to build new mixed-income communities. It first reviews the U.S. housing policy that made transformation necessary and goes on to show how policy implementation controlled to some extent the market forces that normally shape the cycles of creative destruction over time, while also making accumulation and commodification more surgical and calculating in the two neighborhoods. It also demonstrates how social science research in combination with public policy and market mechanisms can result in the gentrification of the public housing ghetto. It argues that public housing residents—the presumed beneficiaries—can be contained and diminished in both the physical and social space of Chicago.
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226042930
- eISBN:
- 9780226042954
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226042954.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter examines urban redevelopment in Chicago. It explores the strategies used to replan and rebuild local public housing communities and the logic of public housing redevelopment in ...
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This chapter examines urban redevelopment in Chicago. It explores the strategies used to replan and rebuild local public housing communities and the logic of public housing redevelopment in contemporary Chicago. It also evaluates the neighborhood impacts of housing development on street-level redevelopment. This chapter also highlights the problem with mixed-income neighborhood development in Chicago and the urbanist builders' violation of Jane Jacobs' precepts.Less
This chapter examines urban redevelopment in Chicago. It explores the strategies used to replan and rebuild local public housing communities and the logic of public housing redevelopment in contemporary Chicago. It also evaluates the neighborhood impacts of housing development on street-level redevelopment. This chapter also highlights the problem with mixed-income neighborhood development in Chicago and the urbanist builders' violation of Jane Jacobs' precepts.
Evelyn M. Perry
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469631387
- eISBN:
- 9781469631400
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631387.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
“We are in a bind,” writes Evelyn M. Perry. While conventional wisdom asserts that residential racial and economic integration holds great promise for reducing inequality in the United States, ...
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“We are in a bind,” writes Evelyn M. Perry. While conventional wisdom asserts that residential racial and economic integration holds great promise for reducing inequality in the United States, Americans are demonstrably not very good at living with difference. Perry’s analysis of the multiethnic, mixed-income Milwaukee community of Riverwest, where residents maintain relative stability without insisting on conformity, advances our understanding of why and how neighborhoods matter. In response to the myriad urban quantitative assessments, Perry examines the impacts of neighborhood diversity using more than three years of ethnographic fieldwork and interviews. Her in-depth examination of life “on the block” expands our understanding of the mechanisms by which neighborhoods shape the perceptions, behaviors, and opportunities of those who live in them. Perry challenges researchers’ assumptions about what “good” communities look like and what well-regulated communities want. Live and Let Live shifts the conventional scholarly focus from “What can integration do?” to “How is integration done?”Less
“We are in a bind,” writes Evelyn M. Perry. While conventional wisdom asserts that residential racial and economic integration holds great promise for reducing inequality in the United States, Americans are demonstrably not very good at living with difference. Perry’s analysis of the multiethnic, mixed-income Milwaukee community of Riverwest, where residents maintain relative stability without insisting on conformity, advances our understanding of why and how neighborhoods matter. In response to the myriad urban quantitative assessments, Perry examines the impacts of neighborhood diversity using more than three years of ethnographic fieldwork and interviews. Her in-depth examination of life “on the block” expands our understanding of the mechanisms by which neighborhoods shape the perceptions, behaviors, and opportunities of those who live in them. Perry challenges researchers’ assumptions about what “good” communities look like and what well-regulated communities want. Live and Let Live shifts the conventional scholarly focus from “What can integration do?” to “How is integration done?”
John J. Betancur and Janet L. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040504
- eISBN:
- 9780252098949
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040504.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
This chapter examines how community development can be caught in the trappings of flexible accumulation and even contribute to the displacement of the people it claims to represent. Focusing on the ...
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This chapter examines how community development can be caught in the trappings of flexible accumulation and even contribute to the displacement of the people it claims to represent. Focusing on the process of social engineering vis-à-vis mixed-income housing that the Chicago Housing Authority has been advancing through its Plan for Transformation, the chapter shows how creative destruction and the production of space for accumulation complicates our interpretation of community development practice. It first considers five community development approaches in Chicago before discussing how race and income help create the ghetto as a particular form of homogenous space that requires intervention. It also discusses the ways in which the representation of mixed-income communities is being used to advance gentrification, to classify the poor as either deserving or undeserving, and to further push them into super-ghettoes or destabilized neighborhoods occupied by poor nonwhites.Less
This chapter examines how community development can be caught in the trappings of flexible accumulation and even contribute to the displacement of the people it claims to represent. Focusing on the process of social engineering vis-à-vis mixed-income housing that the Chicago Housing Authority has been advancing through its Plan for Transformation, the chapter shows how creative destruction and the production of space for accumulation complicates our interpretation of community development practice. It first considers five community development approaches in Chicago before discussing how race and income help create the ghetto as a particular form of homogenous space that requires intervention. It also discusses the ways in which the representation of mixed-income communities is being used to advance gentrification, to classify the poor as either deserving or undeserving, and to further push them into super-ghettoes or destabilized neighborhoods occupied by poor nonwhites.
John J Betancur and Janet L Smith
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040504
- eISBN:
- 9780252098949
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040504.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Conflict Politics and Policy
Based on historical case studies in Chicago, this book focuses on both the theoretical and practical explanations for why neighborhoods change today. It shows that a diverse collection of people ...
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Based on historical case studies in Chicago, this book focuses on both the theoretical and practical explanations for why neighborhoods change today. It shows that a diverse collection of people including urban policy experts, elected officials, investors, resident leaders, institutions, community-based organizations, and many others compete to control how neighborhood change is characterized. The book argues that neighborhoods have become sites of consumption and spaces to be consumed. Discourse is used to add and subtract value from them. The romanticized image of “the neighborhood” exaggerates or obscures race and class struggles while celebrating diversity and income mixing. Scholars and policy makers must reexamine what sustains this image and the power effects produced in order to explain and govern urban space more equitably. The book explores major changes in the structure and dynamics of urban space, with particular emphasis on neighborhoods over the past few decades. The book examines prevailing approaches to the study of neighborhoods and neighborhood change, paying attention to how they help describe and explain as well as produce urban dynamics. It examines the effects of classifying neighborhoods based on ecological indicators, both in the form of representations of space and in the policies/interventions derived from their use. Further, the book explores how today's neighborhoods operate as flexible spaces of accumulation that range between the extremes of gentrification and ghettoization.Less
Based on historical case studies in Chicago, this book focuses on both the theoretical and practical explanations for why neighborhoods change today. It shows that a diverse collection of people including urban policy experts, elected officials, investors, resident leaders, institutions, community-based organizations, and many others compete to control how neighborhood change is characterized. The book argues that neighborhoods have become sites of consumption and spaces to be consumed. Discourse is used to add and subtract value from them. The romanticized image of “the neighborhood” exaggerates or obscures race and class struggles while celebrating diversity and income mixing. Scholars and policy makers must reexamine what sustains this image and the power effects produced in order to explain and govern urban space more equitably. The book explores major changes in the structure and dynamics of urban space, with particular emphasis on neighborhoods over the past few decades. The book examines prevailing approaches to the study of neighborhoods and neighborhood change, paying attention to how they help describe and explain as well as produce urban dynamics. It examines the effects of classifying neighborhoods based on ecological indicators, both in the form of representations of space and in the policies/interventions derived from their use. Further, the book explores how today's neighborhoods operate as flexible spaces of accumulation that range between the extremes of gentrification and ghettoization.
Nicole Stelle Garnett
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300124941
- eISBN:
- 9780300155051
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300124941.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This chapter examines reordering efforts in three cities that aim to undo each of the three kinds of order-construction endeavors undertaken in the postwar years. These include the plan of the ...
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This chapter examines reordering efforts in three cities that aim to undo each of the three kinds of order-construction endeavors undertaken in the postwar years. These include the plan of the Chicago Housing Authority (CHA) to demolish all of the city's high-rise public housing projects and replace them with low-rise, mixed-income private developments; the plan in Washington, D.C. to replace parts of one of the largest and most historically significant urban renewal projects; and Milwaukee's effort to re-create a neighborhood by demolishing a never-completed urban renewal-era freeway.Less
This chapter examines reordering efforts in three cities that aim to undo each of the three kinds of order-construction endeavors undertaken in the postwar years. These include the plan of the Chicago Housing Authority (CHA) to demolish all of the city's high-rise public housing projects and replace them with low-rise, mixed-income private developments; the plan in Washington, D.C. to replace parts of one of the largest and most historically significant urban renewal projects; and Milwaukee's effort to re-create a neighborhood by demolishing a never-completed urban renewal-era freeway.
Larry Bennett, Roberta Garner, and Euan Hague (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040597
- eISBN:
- 9780252099038
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040597.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
The Chicago metropolitan area in the early 21st century is a prime testing ground for the broad concepts and particular approaches to public policy associated with Neoliberalism. Over a span of 25 ...
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The Chicago metropolitan area in the early 21st century is a prime testing ground for the broad concepts and particular approaches to public policy associated with Neoliberalism. Over a span of 25 years Chicago’s municipal government has aggressively closed public schools and supported the formation of charter schools, demolished all high-rise family public housing in favor of mixed-income, new urbanist communities, adopted increasingly advanced police surveillance technologies, and privatized various public facilities through long-term agreements with private vendors. In a parallel fashion, Neoliberal thinking and rhetoric shape various components of the city’s cultural landscape, from the logic of historic preservation to popular understandings of environmentalism and even sports partisanship. Finally, the emergence of Neoliberal Chicago is most evident through its changing cityscape, the processes by which older neighborhoods evolve due to gentrification or disinvestment and new neighborhoods are created. Though Chicago, like many other U.S. metropolitan areas, was severely tested by the mortgage foreclosure and broader economic crisis of 2007-8, its trajectory of Neoliberal government action was already fixed in place. The consequence has been a layering of new inequalities atop an already socially, economically, and geographically divided metropolis.Less
The Chicago metropolitan area in the early 21st century is a prime testing ground for the broad concepts and particular approaches to public policy associated with Neoliberalism. Over a span of 25 years Chicago’s municipal government has aggressively closed public schools and supported the formation of charter schools, demolished all high-rise family public housing in favor of mixed-income, new urbanist communities, adopted increasingly advanced police surveillance technologies, and privatized various public facilities through long-term agreements with private vendors. In a parallel fashion, Neoliberal thinking and rhetoric shape various components of the city’s cultural landscape, from the logic of historic preservation to popular understandings of environmentalism and even sports partisanship. Finally, the emergence of Neoliberal Chicago is most evident through its changing cityscape, the processes by which older neighborhoods evolve due to gentrification or disinvestment and new neighborhoods are created. Though Chicago, like many other U.S. metropolitan areas, was severely tested by the mortgage foreclosure and broader economic crisis of 2007-8, its trajectory of Neoliberal government action was already fixed in place. The consequence has been a layering of new inequalities atop an already socially, economically, and geographically divided metropolis.
Molly W. Metzger and Henry S. Webber (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- December 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190862305
- eISBN:
- 9780190862336
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190862305.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy, Communities and Organizations
Marking 50 years since the passage of the Fair Housing and Civil Rights Acts, this collection both builds on and departs from two generations of scholarship on urban development and inequality. The ...
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Marking 50 years since the passage of the Fair Housing and Civil Rights Acts, this collection both builds on and departs from two generations of scholarship on urban development and inequality. The volume’s contributors provide historical context for patterns of segregation in the United States and present arguments for bold new policy actions ranging from the local to the national. Evidence for the negative effects of segregation and concentrated poverty in America’s cities now exists in abundance. Poor and underrepresented communities in segregated urban housing markets suffer diminished outcomes in education, economic mobility, political participation, and physical and psychological health. Many of the aggravating factors underlying this inequity have persisted or even grown worse in recent decades. Yet the level of energy and attention devoted to them by local and national policymakers has ebbed significantly from the levels that inspired the landmark civil rights legislation of the 1960s. This book refocuses our attention on achievable solutions by providing not just an overview of this timely subject but a roadmap forward, as the twenty-first century assesses the successes and failures of the housing policies inherited from the twentieth century. Instead of introducing new theories or empirical data sets describing the urban landscape, the book’s editors have gathered the field’s first collection of prescriptions for what ought to be done. Topics discussed include community development, the Community Reinvestment Act, education triage, housing choice vouchers, the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit, mixed-income development, and tax increment financing.Less
Marking 50 years since the passage of the Fair Housing and Civil Rights Acts, this collection both builds on and departs from two generations of scholarship on urban development and inequality. The volume’s contributors provide historical context for patterns of segregation in the United States and present arguments for bold new policy actions ranging from the local to the national. Evidence for the negative effects of segregation and concentrated poverty in America’s cities now exists in abundance. Poor and underrepresented communities in segregated urban housing markets suffer diminished outcomes in education, economic mobility, political participation, and physical and psychological health. Many of the aggravating factors underlying this inequity have persisted or even grown worse in recent decades. Yet the level of energy and attention devoted to them by local and national policymakers has ebbed significantly from the levels that inspired the landmark civil rights legislation of the 1960s. This book refocuses our attention on achievable solutions by providing not just an overview of this timely subject but a roadmap forward, as the twenty-first century assesses the successes and failures of the housing policies inherited from the twentieth century. Instead of introducing new theories or empirical data sets describing the urban landscape, the book’s editors have gathered the field’s first collection of prescriptions for what ought to be done. Topics discussed include community development, the Community Reinvestment Act, education triage, housing choice vouchers, the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit, mixed-income development, and tax increment financing.
