T.A. Bhavani and N.R. Bhanumurthy
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198076650
- eISBN:
- 9780199081868
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198076650.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Macro- and Monetary Economics
This chapter describes the process of financial development and access, and the various dimensions of each of the two concepts, and how it leads to economic growth and development. It elaborates on ...
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This chapter describes the process of financial development and access, and the various dimensions of each of the two concepts, and how it leads to economic growth and development. It elaborates on the macroeconomic growth approach and underlying rationale for adopting this approach. Keeping the productive investment requirements of growth in mind, financial development is specified along the dimensions of diversification, size, reach, efficiency and soundness. Financial access is specified as the use of formal financial resources in relation to actual productive investment undertaken by the economic agents/sectors/segments. Further, the use of formal financial system is examined in terms of availability and adequacy of formal financial resources. Adequacy is measured as gap between the need and availability, which the study terms as financial resource gap.Less
This chapter describes the process of financial development and access, and the various dimensions of each of the two concepts, and how it leads to economic growth and development. It elaborates on the macroeconomic growth approach and underlying rationale for adopting this approach. Keeping the productive investment requirements of growth in mind, financial development is specified along the dimensions of diversification, size, reach, efficiency and soundness. Financial access is specified as the use of formal financial resources in relation to actual productive investment undertaken by the economic agents/sectors/segments. Further, the use of formal financial system is examined in terms of availability and adequacy of formal financial resources. Adequacy is measured as gap between the need and availability, which the study terms as financial resource gap.
Sam Hickey, Kunal Sen, and Badru Bukenya (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198722564
- eISBN:
- 9780191789250
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198722564.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
It is now widely accepted that politics plays a significant role in shaping the possibilities for inclusive development. However, the specific ways in which this happens across different types and ...
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It is now widely accepted that politics plays a significant role in shaping the possibilities for inclusive development. However, the specific ways in which this happens across different types and forms of development, and in different contexts, remains poorly understood. This collection provides the state of the art review regarding what is currently known about the politics of inclusive development. Leading academics offer systematic reviews of how politics shapes development across multiple dimensions, including through growth, natural resource governance, poverty reduction, service delivery, social protection, justice systems, the empowerment of marginalized groups, and the role of both traditional and non-traditional donors. The book not only provides a comprehensive update but also a groundbreaking range of new directions for thinking and acting around these issues. The book’s originality thus derives not only from the wide scope of its case-study material, but also from the new conceptual approaches it offers for thinking about the politics of inclusive development, and the innovative and practical suggestions for donors, policymakers, and practitioners that flow from this.Less
It is now widely accepted that politics plays a significant role in shaping the possibilities for inclusive development. However, the specific ways in which this happens across different types and forms of development, and in different contexts, remains poorly understood. This collection provides the state of the art review regarding what is currently known about the politics of inclusive development. Leading academics offer systematic reviews of how politics shapes development across multiple dimensions, including through growth, natural resource governance, poverty reduction, service delivery, social protection, justice systems, the empowerment of marginalized groups, and the role of both traditional and non-traditional donors. The book not only provides a comprehensive update but also a groundbreaking range of new directions for thinking and acting around these issues. The book’s originality thus derives not only from the wide scope of its case-study material, but also from the new conceptual approaches it offers for thinking about the politics of inclusive development, and the innovative and practical suggestions for donors, policymakers, and practitioners that flow from this.
Sam Hickey, Kunal Sen, and Badru Bukenya
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198722564
- eISBN:
- 9780191789250
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198722564.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This introduction brings together the main conceptual and empirical insights from this collection. Our findings suggest that new approaches to understanding the politics of development, including ...
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This introduction brings together the main conceptual and empirical insights from this collection. Our findings suggest that new approaches to understanding the politics of development, including work on ‘limited access orders’ and ‘political settlements’, offer powerful insights into certain elements of this puzzle, particularly through a focus on the underlying forms of power relations that shape elite behaviour and institutional performance. However, these approaches need to be supplemented by broader and more critical forms of political theory to grasp how the politics of development is shaped by ideas as well as incentives, popular as well as elite forms of agency, transnational as well as national factors, and in dynamic as well as more structural ways. A broad conceptual framework is proposed that captures these concerns and suggests a basis for future research into the politics of inclusive development.Less
This introduction brings together the main conceptual and empirical insights from this collection. Our findings suggest that new approaches to understanding the politics of development, including work on ‘limited access orders’ and ‘political settlements’, offer powerful insights into certain elements of this puzzle, particularly through a focus on the underlying forms of power relations that shape elite behaviour and institutional performance. However, these approaches need to be supplemented by broader and more critical forms of political theory to grasp how the politics of development is shaped by ideas as well as incentives, popular as well as elite forms of agency, transnational as well as national factors, and in dynamic as well as more structural ways. A broad conceptual framework is proposed that captures these concerns and suggests a basis for future research into the politics of inclusive development.
Sohela Nazneen and Simeen Mahmud
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198722564
- eISBN:
- 9780191789250
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198722564.003.0008
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Political settlement frameworks are gender blind. This chapter interrogates this assertion by analysing selected country case studies of the gendered nature of political processes and identifying ...
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Political settlement frameworks are gender blind. This chapter interrogates this assertion by analysing selected country case studies of the gendered nature of political processes and identifying what contextual and structural factors promote gender-inclusive development policies and outcomes. These factors include: elite support for a gender equity agenda; ability of the women’s movement to contain oppositional elite or non-elite groups; transnational discourse and actors creating space for the gender equity agenda; presence of male allies and ‘femocrats’ within the state apparatus; and policy coalitions exerting pressure on the state. The political opportunity structure and the history of how women’s political entitlement was established influence the dynamics between these factors. The chapter concludes that a political settlement framework benefits from using a gender lens to allow for exploration of the role played by (gendered) ideas, (gender) ideology, informal relations, policy coalitions, and bottom-up strategies in how settlements are reached and sustained.Less
Political settlement frameworks are gender blind. This chapter interrogates this assertion by analysing selected country case studies of the gendered nature of political processes and identifying what contextual and structural factors promote gender-inclusive development policies and outcomes. These factors include: elite support for a gender equity agenda; ability of the women’s movement to contain oppositional elite or non-elite groups; transnational discourse and actors creating space for the gender equity agenda; presence of male allies and ‘femocrats’ within the state apparatus; and policy coalitions exerting pressure on the state. The political opportunity structure and the history of how women’s political entitlement was established influence the dynamics between these factors. The chapter concludes that a political settlement framework benefits from using a gender lens to allow for exploration of the role played by (gendered) ideas, (gender) ideology, informal relations, policy coalitions, and bottom-up strategies in how settlements are reached and sustained.
Machiko Nissanke
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198797692
- eISBN:
- 9780191839054
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198797692.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The chapter explores the paths towards institutional foundations for inclusive development in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). After introducing institutional configurations as a system of multiple ...
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The chapter explores the paths towards institutional foundations for inclusive development in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). After introducing institutional configurations as a system of multiple equilibria and presenting a critical review of the thesis proposed by Acemoglu and Robinson (2012), the chapter discusses the concept of endogenous institutions and institutional changes, advanced by Greif (2006) and Aoki (2001, 2007) in their comparative institutional analyses, as a basis for laying institutional foundations for inclusive development on a self-sustainable basis. The chapter next examines how institutional configurations have been shaped in SSA under influences of both domestic and external conditions, which has given rise to an institutional trap that is detrimental to inclusive development through a loop of negative feedbacks in public–private interfaces. To overcome this, we call for a strong coalition between governments and stakeholders, as a social contract embedded in the taxation–public goods provision nexus.Less
The chapter explores the paths towards institutional foundations for inclusive development in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). After introducing institutional configurations as a system of multiple equilibria and presenting a critical review of the thesis proposed by Acemoglu and Robinson (2012), the chapter discusses the concept of endogenous institutions and institutional changes, advanced by Greif (2006) and Aoki (2001, 2007) in their comparative institutional analyses, as a basis for laying institutional foundations for inclusive development on a self-sustainable basis. The chapter next examines how institutional configurations have been shaped in SSA under influences of both domestic and external conditions, which has given rise to an institutional trap that is detrimental to inclusive development through a loop of negative feedbacks in public–private interfaces. To overcome this, we call for a strong coalition between governments and stakeholders, as a social contract embedded in the taxation–public goods provision nexus.
Machiko Nissanke
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198797692
- eISBN:
- 9780191839054
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198797692.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The recent sustained growth posted by sub-Saharan African countries has led to increased investment and high hopes for Africa’s future prospects against the narratives of the ‘Africa Rising’. The ...
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The recent sustained growth posted by sub-Saharan African countries has led to increased investment and high hopes for Africa’s future prospects against the narratives of the ‘Africa Rising’. The growth produced a reduction of 10 percentage points in the headcount ratio of the extreme poor in the 2000s, indicating that the high growth has started to make a difference to the poor. However, this achievement amounts to a mere 3 percentage points of reduction in the same poverty ratio between 1981 and 2010. To maintain the momentum, it is important to translate the euphoria into a solid reality of inclusive development. By tracing an evolution of the poverty profile and introducing the scope of the volume, this introductory chapter discusses unprecedented opportunities, as well as formidable challenges, in ensuring pro-poor growth and pro-growth poverty reduction, overcoming fragility and vulnerability, and securing inclusive development through socio-economic transformation in SSA.Less
The recent sustained growth posted by sub-Saharan African countries has led to increased investment and high hopes for Africa’s future prospects against the narratives of the ‘Africa Rising’. The growth produced a reduction of 10 percentage points in the headcount ratio of the extreme poor in the 2000s, indicating that the high growth has started to make a difference to the poor. However, this achievement amounts to a mere 3 percentage points of reduction in the same poverty ratio between 1981 and 2010. To maintain the momentum, it is important to translate the euphoria into a solid reality of inclusive development. By tracing an evolution of the poverty profile and introducing the scope of the volume, this introductory chapter discusses unprecedented opportunities, as well as formidable challenges, in ensuring pro-poor growth and pro-growth poverty reduction, overcoming fragility and vulnerability, and securing inclusive development through socio-economic transformation in SSA.
Anthony Bebbington, Abdul-Gafaru Abdulai, Denise Humphreys Bebbington, Marja Hinfelaar, Cynthia A. Sanborn, Jessica Achberger, Celina Grisi Huber, Verónica Hurtado, Tania Ramírez, and Scott D. Odell
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- July 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198820932
- eISBN:
- 9780191860478
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198820932.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter examines how political factors have influenced mineral extraction, governance, and development in Peru since the late nineteenth century. It argues that the legacies of the past have ...
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This chapter examines how political factors have influenced mineral extraction, governance, and development in Peru since the late nineteenth century. It argues that the legacies of the past have weighed heavily in contemporary governance, but also points to periods in which shifting political alliances and agency aimed to alter past legacies and introduce positive institutional change. The chapter identifies three periods with distinct and relatively stable arrangements for the distribution of power. For the most recent, post-2000 period, it discusses how government responses to social conflict included the creation of institutions to redistribute mining rents, regulate environmental impacts, and promote indigenous participation. However, it argues that political instability and fragmentation have inhibited the effectiveness of these institutions and of longer-term policymaking in general, which in turn explains Peru’s persistent reliance on natural resource extraction and the challenges to more inclusive and sustainable development.Less
This chapter examines how political factors have influenced mineral extraction, governance, and development in Peru since the late nineteenth century. It argues that the legacies of the past have weighed heavily in contemporary governance, but also points to periods in which shifting political alliances and agency aimed to alter past legacies and introduce positive institutional change. The chapter identifies three periods with distinct and relatively stable arrangements for the distribution of power. For the most recent, post-2000 period, it discusses how government responses to social conflict included the creation of institutions to redistribute mining rents, regulate environmental impacts, and promote indigenous participation. However, it argues that political instability and fragmentation have inhibited the effectiveness of these institutions and of longer-term policymaking in general, which in turn explains Peru’s persistent reliance on natural resource extraction and the challenges to more inclusive and sustainable development.
Eleanor M. Fox and Mor Bakhoum
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- August 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190930998
- eISBN:
- 9780190931025
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190930998.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Competition Law
This chapter explores South African competition law. South Africa has the most sophisticated system of competition law and policy in sub-Saharan Africa. It has a mission to expand economic ...
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This chapter explores South African competition law. South Africa has the most sophisticated system of competition law and policy in sub-Saharan Africa. It has a mission to expand economic opportunity and facilitate inclusive development. In the wake of the UN Millennium Development Goals and the follow-on Sustainable Development Goals, there is a new world consciousness of the need to combat deep systemic poverty and to reverse the tide of increasing inequality of wealth, income, and opportunity. If there is any nation in the world whose competition law mandates integration of equity and efficiency, it is South Africa, and its policymakers are intent to address this need. The chapter looks at the South African Competition Act and highlights selected cases to illustrate the law and its implementation, including the effort by the Competition Tribunal to give serious regard to the equality and inclusiveness values that animated the statute.Less
This chapter explores South African competition law. South Africa has the most sophisticated system of competition law and policy in sub-Saharan Africa. It has a mission to expand economic opportunity and facilitate inclusive development. In the wake of the UN Millennium Development Goals and the follow-on Sustainable Development Goals, there is a new world consciousness of the need to combat deep systemic poverty and to reverse the tide of increasing inequality of wealth, income, and opportunity. If there is any nation in the world whose competition law mandates integration of equity and efficiency, it is South Africa, and its policymakers are intent to address this need. The chapter looks at the South African Competition Act and highlights selected cases to illustrate the law and its implementation, including the effort by the Competition Tribunal to give serious regard to the equality and inclusiveness values that animated the statute.
Anthony Bebbington, Abdul-Gafaru Abdulai, Denise Humphreys Bebbington, Marja Hinfelaar, and Cynthia Sanborn
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- July 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198820932
- eISBN:
- 9780191860478
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198820932.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Proposals for more effective natural resource governance emphasize the importance of institutions and governance, but say less about the political conditions under which institutional change occurs. ...
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Proposals for more effective natural resource governance emphasize the importance of institutions and governance, but say less about the political conditions under which institutional change occurs. This book synthesizes findings regarding the political drivers of institutional change in extractive industry governance. The authors analyse resource governance from the late nineteenth century to the present in Bolivia, Ghana, Peru, and Zambia. They focus on the ways in which resource governance and national political settlements interact. Special attention is paid to the nature of elite politics, the emergence of new political actors, forms of political contention, changing ideas regarding natural resources and development, the geography of natural resource deposits, and the influence of the transnational political economy of global commodity production. National elites and subnational actors are in continuous contention over extractive industry governance. Resource rents are used by elites to manage this contention and incorporate actors into governing coalitions and overall political settlements. Periodically, new resource frontiers are opened, and new political actors emerge with the power to redefine how extractive industries are governed and used as instruments for development. Colonial and post-colonial histories of resource extraction continue to give political valence to ideas of resource nationalism that mobilize actors who challenge existing institutional arrangements. The book is innovative in its focus on the political longue durée, and the use of in-depth, comparative, country-level analysis in Africa and Latin America, to build a theoretical argument that accounts for both similarity and divergence between these regions.Less
Proposals for more effective natural resource governance emphasize the importance of institutions and governance, but say less about the political conditions under which institutional change occurs. This book synthesizes findings regarding the political drivers of institutional change in extractive industry governance. The authors analyse resource governance from the late nineteenth century to the present in Bolivia, Ghana, Peru, and Zambia. They focus on the ways in which resource governance and national political settlements interact. Special attention is paid to the nature of elite politics, the emergence of new political actors, forms of political contention, changing ideas regarding natural resources and development, the geography of natural resource deposits, and the influence of the transnational political economy of global commodity production. National elites and subnational actors are in continuous contention over extractive industry governance. Resource rents are used by elites to manage this contention and incorporate actors into governing coalitions and overall political settlements. Periodically, new resource frontiers are opened, and new political actors emerge with the power to redefine how extractive industries are governed and used as instruments for development. Colonial and post-colonial histories of resource extraction continue to give political valence to ideas of resource nationalism that mobilize actors who challenge existing institutional arrangements. The book is innovative in its focus on the political longue durée, and the use of in-depth, comparative, country-level analysis in Africa and Latin America, to build a theoretical argument that accounts for both similarity and divergence between these regions.
Lucas Becerra and Hernán Thomas
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781447327226
- eISBN:
- 9781447327240
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447327226.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
In Latin America the relationships between technological innovation and inclusive development have been stabilised into research and policy agendas. However, conventional understandings of what ...
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In Latin America the relationships between technological innovation and inclusive development have been stabilised into research and policy agendas. However, conventional understandings of what constitutes innovation still guide practices that are embedded in Science and Technology Policy. This chapter aims at providing a reconceptualisation of the notion of the innovation and production system. In particular, the chapter utilises theoretical perspectives to position worker cooperatives as actors providing dynamism to innovation and social development processes, and argues that a shift in focus towards worker cooperatives could have the potential to set in motion a series of dynamics of learning, knowledge sharing, and techno-productive capability generation which would entail new socio-technical alliances oriented to more democratic processes of knowledge acquisition. It presents a brief review of the economic literature on the role of the company in terms of innovation, followed by a critical analysis of those principles. The chapter provides an explanation of the systemic implications of an innovation and production system focused on the profit-maximizing company vis-à-vis one focused on worker cooperatives. It closes with a series of reflections on STI public policies aimed at inclusive development.Less
In Latin America the relationships between technological innovation and inclusive development have been stabilised into research and policy agendas. However, conventional understandings of what constitutes innovation still guide practices that are embedded in Science and Technology Policy. This chapter aims at providing a reconceptualisation of the notion of the innovation and production system. In particular, the chapter utilises theoretical perspectives to position worker cooperatives as actors providing dynamism to innovation and social development processes, and argues that a shift in focus towards worker cooperatives could have the potential to set in motion a series of dynamics of learning, knowledge sharing, and techno-productive capability generation which would entail new socio-technical alliances oriented to more democratic processes of knowledge acquisition. It presents a brief review of the economic literature on the role of the company in terms of innovation, followed by a critical analysis of those principles. The chapter provides an explanation of the systemic implications of an innovation and production system focused on the profit-maximizing company vis-à-vis one focused on worker cooperatives. It closes with a series of reflections on STI public policies aimed at inclusive development.
Anthony Bebbington
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198722564
- eISBN:
- 9780191789250
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198722564.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter addresses institutional and political relationships that govern the interactions between natural resource extraction, economy and society with a focus on the mining and hydrocarbon ...
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This chapter addresses institutional and political relationships that govern the interactions between natural resource extraction, economy and society with a focus on the mining and hydrocarbon sectors. These relationships help define the implications of resource extraction for democracy and the qualities of growth. On that basis it explores the conditions under which these relationships are likely to be reproduced or changed, and the ways in which they might mediate the interactions between extraction and inclusion. The chapter uses a framework that draws from two perspectives: political settlements, contentious politics, and the politics of ideas; and another that engages with the specific relationships of scale, space, and time. The implication is that any effort to understand the governance of extraction and of its relationships to development must be spatially and historically explicit.Less
This chapter addresses institutional and political relationships that govern the interactions between natural resource extraction, economy and society with a focus on the mining and hydrocarbon sectors. These relationships help define the implications of resource extraction for democracy and the qualities of growth. On that basis it explores the conditions under which these relationships are likely to be reproduced or changed, and the ways in which they might mediate the interactions between extraction and inclusion. The chapter uses a framework that draws from two perspectives: political settlements, contentious politics, and the politics of ideas; and another that engages with the specific relationships of scale, space, and time. The implication is that any effort to understand the governance of extraction and of its relationships to development must be spatially and historically explicit.
D. Asher Ghertner
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199385560
- eISBN:
- 9780190263324
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199385560.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
The book’s conclusion summarizes key findings and traces the transformation of urban and national politics in India in the wake of a series of high-profile corruption scandals, including corruption ...
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The book’s conclusion summarizes key findings and traces the transformation of urban and national politics in India in the wake of a series of high-profile corruption scandals, including corruption charges associated with the Delhi Commonwealth Games. As anti-corruption programs have recently sought to re-establish the more calculative forms of government—such as mapping, digital identification cards, and field-based surveys—that were abandoned in millennial Delhi, the conclusion shows how urban aesthetics continue to shape the future of the Indian city. The chapter specifically examines low-income housing programs, India’s inclusive development agenda, and the rise of Narendra Modi’s prime ministership as examples of a contradiction between the world-class aesthetic and popular demands for democratic representation and affordable housing.Less
The book’s conclusion summarizes key findings and traces the transformation of urban and national politics in India in the wake of a series of high-profile corruption scandals, including corruption charges associated with the Delhi Commonwealth Games. As anti-corruption programs have recently sought to re-establish the more calculative forms of government—such as mapping, digital identification cards, and field-based surveys—that were abandoned in millennial Delhi, the conclusion shows how urban aesthetics continue to shape the future of the Indian city. The chapter specifically examines low-income housing programs, India’s inclusive development agenda, and the rise of Narendra Modi’s prime ministership as examples of a contradiction between the world-class aesthetic and popular demands for democratic representation and affordable housing.
Machiko Nissanke and Muna Ndulo (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198797692
- eISBN:
- 9780191839054
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198797692.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
In the light of the opportunities and the challenges facing African economies in the 21st century, this edited volume traces an evolution of poverty in the course of economic development in ...
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In the light of the opportunities and the challenges facing African economies in the 21st century, this edited volume traces an evolution of poverty in the course of economic development in sub-Saharan Africa over the recent decades. By engaging with and seeking to develop on the work of Professor Erik Thorbecke, it examines the evolving dynamics of poverty in multiple dimensions, in the light of Africa’s growth spell since the turn of the 21st century. It further discusses the way forward for addressing the question of how to lay down a foundation for improved governance and institutions towards realization of inclusive development in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, the volume aims to contribute to our understanding of dynamics of pro-poor growth and pro-growth poverty reduction, and to ongoing policy and academic debates on how to overcome fragility and vulnerability and secure inclusive development through socio-economic transformation in sub-Saharan Africa. The volume is divided into four parts: two overview chapters in Part I set out a common theme running through the volume. Four chapters in Part II examine an evolution of the poverty profile in different dimensions in sub-Saharan Africa since the new millennium. Part III presents three country case studies of tracing poverty dynamics under a country-specific institutional and policy environment. Part IV consists of three chapters, each of which addresses the question of how to advance an inclusive development agenda in sub-Saharan Africa, but from three different perspectives—structural changes, a governance framework, and an institutional foundation.Less
In the light of the opportunities and the challenges facing African economies in the 21st century, this edited volume traces an evolution of poverty in the course of economic development in sub-Saharan Africa over the recent decades. By engaging with and seeking to develop on the work of Professor Erik Thorbecke, it examines the evolving dynamics of poverty in multiple dimensions, in the light of Africa’s growth spell since the turn of the 21st century. It further discusses the way forward for addressing the question of how to lay down a foundation for improved governance and institutions towards realization of inclusive development in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, the volume aims to contribute to our understanding of dynamics of pro-poor growth and pro-growth poverty reduction, and to ongoing policy and academic debates on how to overcome fragility and vulnerability and secure inclusive development through socio-economic transformation in sub-Saharan Africa. The volume is divided into four parts: two overview chapters in Part I set out a common theme running through the volume. Four chapters in Part II examine an evolution of the poverty profile in different dimensions in sub-Saharan Africa since the new millennium. Part III presents three country case studies of tracing poverty dynamics under a country-specific institutional and policy environment. Part IV consists of three chapters, each of which addresses the question of how to advance an inclusive development agenda in sub-Saharan Africa, but from three different perspectives—structural changes, a governance framework, and an institutional foundation.
Anthony Bebbington, Abdul-Gafaru Abdulai, Denise Humphreys Bebbington, Marja Hinfelaar, Cynthia A. Sanborn, Jessica Achberger, Celina Grisi Huber, Verónica Hurtado, Tania Ramírez, and Scott D. Odell
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- July 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198820932
- eISBN:
- 9780191860478
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198820932.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter highlights the centrality of clientelist political pressures in explaining why over 100 years of mineral resource extraction has failed to translate into broad-based development in ...
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This chapter highlights the centrality of clientelist political pressures in explaining why over 100 years of mineral resource extraction has failed to translate into broad-based development in Ghana. Contrary to studies that highlight the role of inclusive political settlements for the effective management of mineral rents, we find that broad-based elite inclusion also risks undermining the effective management of rents for long-term development in contexts where rents are deployed with the aim of ‘buying-off’ elites who can potentially undermine the stability of ruling coalitions. All ruling coalitions have allocated significant shares of mineral rents to chiefs not necessarily for the socio-economic development of mineral-rich communities, but mainly because political elites want to avoid provoking resistance from a group that brokers land and votes in rural areas. Under such circumstances, inclusive political settlements may at best result in unproductive peace, as substantial mineral resources are shared for consumption rather than development.Less
This chapter highlights the centrality of clientelist political pressures in explaining why over 100 years of mineral resource extraction has failed to translate into broad-based development in Ghana. Contrary to studies that highlight the role of inclusive political settlements for the effective management of mineral rents, we find that broad-based elite inclusion also risks undermining the effective management of rents for long-term development in contexts where rents are deployed with the aim of ‘buying-off’ elites who can potentially undermine the stability of ruling coalitions. All ruling coalitions have allocated significant shares of mineral rents to chiefs not necessarily for the socio-economic development of mineral-rich communities, but mainly because political elites want to avoid provoking resistance from a group that brokers land and votes in rural areas. Under such circumstances, inclusive political settlements may at best result in unproductive peace, as substantial mineral resources are shared for consumption rather than development.
Judith Teichman
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- March 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198832317
- eISBN:
- 9780191870965
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198832317.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter advances a political explanation of immiserizing growth in Mexico. It identifies five episodes of economic growth in modern Mexican history during which the Indigenous population ...
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This chapter advances a political explanation of immiserizing growth in Mexico. It identifies five episodes of economic growth in modern Mexican history during which the Indigenous population benefitted less than the general population, did not see any improvement in its level of deprivation, or experienced worsening circumstances. The chapter argues that political exclusion and unequal inclusion were the driving forces behind a long path-dependent process that occurred in conjunction with an exclusionary ethno/cultural ideology. The political process that accounts for immiserization included state actions and inactions, such as exclusion from or unequal access to state resources and services. Such actions and inactions bolstered cultural and social mechanisms of marginalization. None of the pre-1980 economic development strategies pursued by the state gave serious attention to the interests and welfare of the Indigenous population. However, the arrival of neoliberal reform and economic globalization in the form of the North American Free Trade Agreement, with its vigorous encouragement of state withdrawal, set the stage for an unprecedented level of abandonment of Indigenous welfare as even the minimal supports of the earlier era were dismantled. A comparison with the South Korea reinforces the argument regarding the impact of long historical processes and the state in creating and reinforcing social exclusion during periods of economic growth.Less
This chapter advances a political explanation of immiserizing growth in Mexico. It identifies five episodes of economic growth in modern Mexican history during which the Indigenous population benefitted less than the general population, did not see any improvement in its level of deprivation, or experienced worsening circumstances. The chapter argues that political exclusion and unequal inclusion were the driving forces behind a long path-dependent process that occurred in conjunction with an exclusionary ethno/cultural ideology. The political process that accounts for immiserization included state actions and inactions, such as exclusion from or unequal access to state resources and services. Such actions and inactions bolstered cultural and social mechanisms of marginalization. None of the pre-1980 economic development strategies pursued by the state gave serious attention to the interests and welfare of the Indigenous population. However, the arrival of neoliberal reform and economic globalization in the form of the North American Free Trade Agreement, with its vigorous encouragement of state withdrawal, set the stage for an unprecedented level of abandonment of Indigenous welfare as even the minimal supports of the earlier era were dismantled. A comparison with the South Korea reinforces the argument regarding the impact of long historical processes and the state in creating and reinforcing social exclusion during periods of economic growth.
Andrew Ryder
Sarah Cemlyn (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447327776
- eISBN:
- 9781447327806
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447327776.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Organizations
The chapter analyses the historical and contemporary condition of the Gypsy, Traveller and Roma (GTR) civil society movement, its strengths, achievements, threats and pitfalls and the motivation, ...
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The chapter analyses the historical and contemporary condition of the Gypsy, Traveller and Roma (GTR) civil society movement, its strengths, achievements, threats and pitfalls and the motivation, dynamism and tensions within its varied manifestations. It explores the struggles against assimilatory and discriminatory policy, the interplay between community bonds and diverse aspects of identity and analyses the transformative potential of inclusive, grassroots and asset based community development, which draws upon the strengths of identity and culture but fuses these with perceptions and strategies which are emancipatory and inclusive.Less
The chapter analyses the historical and contemporary condition of the Gypsy, Traveller and Roma (GTR) civil society movement, its strengths, achievements, threats and pitfalls and the motivation, dynamism and tensions within its varied manifestations. It explores the struggles against assimilatory and discriminatory policy, the interplay between community bonds and diverse aspects of identity and analyses the transformative potential of inclusive, grassroots and asset based community development, which draws upon the strengths of identity and culture but fuses these with perceptions and strategies which are emancipatory and inclusive.
Eleanor M. Fox and Mor Bakhoum
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- August 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190930998
- eISBN:
- 9780190931025
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190930998.003.0009
- Subject:
- Law, Competition Law
This chapter explores the core and limits of competition law and policy in terms of the values of inclusive development and poverty alleviation in sub-Saharan Africa. A pro-outsider, pro-inclusive ...
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This chapter explores the core and limits of competition law and policy in terms of the values of inclusive development and poverty alleviation in sub-Saharan Africa. A pro-outsider, pro-inclusive development antitrust policy would value a free and open marketplace without privilege or favor. This perspective is especially critical for African nations and market players without economic power and especially for those populations in societies ruled by a few privileged families or firms, or by autocrats. Pro-outsider competition policy may be implemented not only through competition law enforcement of manageable rules and standards but also through advocacy by the competition authority with partners such as the World Bank, and collaboration with neighbors. The elements of good policy form an interdependent virtuous circle.Less
This chapter explores the core and limits of competition law and policy in terms of the values of inclusive development and poverty alleviation in sub-Saharan Africa. A pro-outsider, pro-inclusive development antitrust policy would value a free and open marketplace without privilege or favor. This perspective is especially critical for African nations and market players without economic power and especially for those populations in societies ruled by a few privileged families or firms, or by autocrats. Pro-outsider competition policy may be implemented not only through competition law enforcement of manageable rules and standards but also through advocacy by the competition authority with partners such as the World Bank, and collaboration with neighbors. The elements of good policy form an interdependent virtuous circle.
Machiko Nissanke
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198728450
- eISBN:
- 9780191795343
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198728450.003.0008
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter examines the experiences of the SSA region with globalization–growth–poverty relationships in a comparative perspective. It argues that specific conditions prevailed internationally and ...
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This chapter examines the experiences of the SSA region with globalization–growth–poverty relationships in a comparative perspective. It argues that specific conditions prevailed internationally and domestically—coined as international and institutional traps—could explain the disappointing experiences of the SSA region in harnessing benefits of globalization for the poor in the 1980s and 1990s. These conditions are interrelated through feedback mechanisms which are detrimental to shared growth and poverty reduction through producing a loop of negative private–public interfaces for economic development. Thus, whether or not the recent encouraging sign of overcoming income poverty in SSA can be sustained would depend upon the region’s commitments to creating a new institutional configuration by forging productive private–public interfaces with the purpose of advancing the agenda of inclusive development. Doing this should allow countries in SSA to integrate strategically into the global economy with a view to attenuating ‘inequalizing forces’ innate to globalization.Less
This chapter examines the experiences of the SSA region with globalization–growth–poverty relationships in a comparative perspective. It argues that specific conditions prevailed internationally and domestically—coined as international and institutional traps—could explain the disappointing experiences of the SSA region in harnessing benefits of globalization for the poor in the 1980s and 1990s. These conditions are interrelated through feedback mechanisms which are detrimental to shared growth and poverty reduction through producing a loop of negative private–public interfaces for economic development. Thus, whether or not the recent encouraging sign of overcoming income poverty in SSA can be sustained would depend upon the region’s commitments to creating a new institutional configuration by forging productive private–public interfaces with the purpose of advancing the agenda of inclusive development. Doing this should allow countries in SSA to integrate strategically into the global economy with a view to attenuating ‘inequalizing forces’ innate to globalization.
Claire Mcloughlin
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198722564
- eISBN:
- 9780191789250
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198722564.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter examines the evidence on the forms of politics likely to promote inclusive social provisioning and enable, as opposed to constrain, improvements in service outcomes. It focuses on eight ...
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This chapter examines the evidence on the forms of politics likely to promote inclusive social provisioning and enable, as opposed to constrain, improvements in service outcomes. It focuses on eight relatively successful cases of delivery in a range of country contexts and sectors (roads, agriculture, health, education) where independent evaluations demonstrate improved outcomes. The chapter traces the main characteristics of the political environment for these cases, from the national political context, to the politics of sector policymaking, to the micro politics of implementation. The findings indicate that it is possible to identify connections between good performance and better outcomes at the point of delivery and the main forms of politics operating at local, sector, and national levels.Less
This chapter examines the evidence on the forms of politics likely to promote inclusive social provisioning and enable, as opposed to constrain, improvements in service outcomes. It focuses on eight relatively successful cases of delivery in a range of country contexts and sectors (roads, agriculture, health, education) where independent evaluations demonstrate improved outcomes. The chapter traces the main characteristics of the political environment for these cases, from the national political context, to the politics of sector policymaking, to the micro politics of implementation. The findings indicate that it is possible to identify connections between good performance and better outcomes at the point of delivery and the main forms of politics operating at local, sector, and national levels.
Mthuli Ncube, Abebe Shimeles, and Audrey Verdier-Chouchane
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199671656
- eISBN:
- 9780191751127
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199671656.003.0042
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The end of apartheid in 1994 ushered in a new era in South Africa, and with it the challenge of building a democratic, inclusive, and stable society. The government led by the African National ...
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The end of apartheid in 1994 ushered in a new era in South Africa, and with it the challenge of building a democratic, inclusive, and stable society. The government led by the African National Congress initially adopted a neo-liberal stance to manage the economy, and a redistributive strategy to close income disparity, with a streak of a developmental state. These two tracks were at times at odds with each other. The last decade has shown widening inequality and slow progress in addressing poverty, deprivations, and other dimensions of well-being. Economic growth resulted in huge regional disparities and left a large middle class vulnerable to uncertainties. In response, the government adopted an ambitious strategy called the New Growth Path that combined the goals of strong economic growth, job creation, and broad economic opportunity in one coherent framework. This effort toward greater inclusion is not without challenges.Less
The end of apartheid in 1994 ushered in a new era in South Africa, and with it the challenge of building a democratic, inclusive, and stable society. The government led by the African National Congress initially adopted a neo-liberal stance to manage the economy, and a redistributive strategy to close income disparity, with a streak of a developmental state. These two tracks were at times at odds with each other. The last decade has shown widening inequality and slow progress in addressing poverty, deprivations, and other dimensions of well-being. Economic growth resulted in huge regional disparities and left a large middle class vulnerable to uncertainties. In response, the government adopted an ambitious strategy called the New Growth Path that combined the goals of strong economic growth, job creation, and broad economic opportunity in one coherent framework. This effort toward greater inclusion is not without challenges.
