Charles Stiller (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198520702
- eISBN:
- 9780191723711
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198520702.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Cancer is diagnosed in about 140 per million children in Britain each year. There is a 1 in 500 chance that a child will be affected in the first 15 years of life, the most frequently occurring types ...
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Cancer is diagnosed in about 140 per million children in Britain each year. There is a 1 in 500 chance that a child will be affected in the first 15 years of life, the most frequently occurring types of cancer being leukaemia and brain tumours. This book covers the descriptive epidemiology of childhood cancer in Britain through a series of analyses based on data from the National Registry of Childhood Tumours, the largest population-based specialist children's cancer registry in the world. The central four chapters are devoted to detailed analyses of the data. Throughout these chapters, the diagnoses are classified according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer, Third Edition. First, there is a comprehensive account of national incidence during 1991–2000, with tables of rates and age-incidence graphs for all the major types of childhood cancer. This is followed by an analysis of incidence trends during 1966–2000. The chapter on survival includes a detailed account of survival rates for 1991–2000, analyses of trends during 1966–2000 with a discussion of how they are related to clinical progress, and information on long-term survival. The chapter on mortality gives an account of childhood cancer mortality during 1965–2004. These chapters are preceded by accounts of the history and methodology of the registry, and of the methods used for analyzing the data. The book concludes with a review of past, current and future functions of the registry and uses of its data.Less
Cancer is diagnosed in about 140 per million children in Britain each year. There is a 1 in 500 chance that a child will be affected in the first 15 years of life, the most frequently occurring types of cancer being leukaemia and brain tumours. This book covers the descriptive epidemiology of childhood cancer in Britain through a series of analyses based on data from the National Registry of Childhood Tumours, the largest population-based specialist children's cancer registry in the world. The central four chapters are devoted to detailed analyses of the data. Throughout these chapters, the diagnoses are classified according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer, Third Edition. First, there is a comprehensive account of national incidence during 1991–2000, with tables of rates and age-incidence graphs for all the major types of childhood cancer. This is followed by an analysis of incidence trends during 1966–2000. The chapter on survival includes a detailed account of survival rates for 1991–2000, analyses of trends during 1966–2000 with a discussion of how they are related to clinical progress, and information on long-term survival. The chapter on mortality gives an account of childhood cancer mortality during 1965–2004. These chapters are preceded by accounts of the history and methodology of the registry, and of the methods used for analyzing the data. The book concludes with a review of past, current and future functions of the registry and uses of its data.
Eric A. Finkelstein, Phaedra S. Corso, and Ted R. Miller
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195179484
- eISBN:
- 9780199864621
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195179484.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Injuries are one of the most serious public health problems facing the United States today. Through premature death, disability, medical cost, and lost productivity, injuries impact the health and ...
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Injuries are one of the most serious public health problems facing the United States today. Through premature death, disability, medical cost, and lost productivity, injuries impact the health and welfare of all Americans. Deaths only begin to tell the story. Although many injuries are minor, a large proportion results in fractures, amputations, burns, or significant injuries that have far-reaching consequences. Now, for the first time in over fifteen years, there are comprehensive estimates of the impact of these injuries in economic terms. This book updates a landmark Report to Congress from 1989. Since that report, no undertaking has addressed the incidence and economic burden of injuries with more timely data, despite major changes in the fields of prevention, reporting and surveillance. Since the mid-eighties, new safety technologies have been developed to prevent injuries or to decrease the severity of injuries, and new policies and laws have been enacted to promote injury prevention. Chapter topics include incidence by detailed categorizations, lifetime medical costs, and productivity losses as a result of injuries, and a discussion of recent trends.Less
Injuries are one of the most serious public health problems facing the United States today. Through premature death, disability, medical cost, and lost productivity, injuries impact the health and welfare of all Americans. Deaths only begin to tell the story. Although many injuries are minor, a large proportion results in fractures, amputations, burns, or significant injuries that have far-reaching consequences. Now, for the first time in over fifteen years, there are comprehensive estimates of the impact of these injuries in economic terms. This book updates a landmark Report to Congress from 1989. Since that report, no undertaking has addressed the incidence and economic burden of injuries with more timely data, despite major changes in the fields of prevention, reporting and surveillance. Since the mid-eighties, new safety technologies have been developed to prevent injuries or to decrease the severity of injuries, and new policies and laws have been enacted to promote injury prevention. Chapter topics include incidence by detailed categorizations, lifetime medical costs, and productivity losses as a result of injuries, and a discussion of recent trends.
Dirk U. Pfeiffer, Timothy P. Robinson, Mark Stevenson, Kim B. Stevens, David J. Rogers, and Archie C. A. Clements
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198509882
- eISBN:
- 9780191709128
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198509882.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Disease Ecology / Epidemiology
This book provides an overview of the use of spatial statistics in epidemiology — the study of the incidence and distribution of diseases. Used appropriately, spatial analytical methods in ...
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This book provides an overview of the use of spatial statistics in epidemiology — the study of the incidence and distribution of diseases. Used appropriately, spatial analytical methods in conjunction with GIS and remotely sensed data can provide significant insights into the biological patterns and processes that underlie disease transmission. In turn, these can be used to understand and predict disease prevalence. This book brings together the specialised and widely-dispersed literature on spatial analysis to make these methodological tools accessible to epidemiologists for the first time. With its focus on application rather than theory, this book includes examples taken from both medical (human) and veterinary (animal) disciplines, and describes both infectious diseases and non-infectious conditions. It also provides worked examples of methodologies using a single data set from the same disease example throughout, and is structured to follow the logical sequence of description of spatial data, visualisation, exploration, modelling, and decision support.Less
This book provides an overview of the use of spatial statistics in epidemiology — the study of the incidence and distribution of diseases. Used appropriately, spatial analytical methods in conjunction with GIS and remotely sensed data can provide significant insights into the biological patterns and processes that underlie disease transmission. In turn, these can be used to understand and predict disease prevalence. This book brings together the specialised and widely-dispersed literature on spatial analysis to make these methodological tools accessible to epidemiologists for the first time. With its focus on application rather than theory, this book includes examples taken from both medical (human) and veterinary (animal) disciplines, and describes both infectious diseases and non-infectious conditions. It also provides worked examples of methodologies using a single data set from the same disease example throughout, and is structured to follow the logical sequence of description of spatial data, visualisation, exploration, modelling, and decision support.
Anthony Swerdlow, Isable Dos Santos silva, and Richard Doll
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780192627483
- eISBN:
- 9780191723698
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192627483.003.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This introductory chapter presents a brief overview of cancer incidence in England and Wales, as well as brief description of the purpose of the book. Approximately 250,000 cancers occur each year in ...
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This introductory chapter presents a brief overview of cancer incidence in England and Wales, as well as brief description of the purpose of the book. Approximately 250,000 cancers occur each year in England and Wales, accounting for about 140,000 deaths. The book presents new analysis of trends in cancer incidence and mortality in England and Wales, going as far back as 1868 for some cancers.Less
This introductory chapter presents a brief overview of cancer incidence in England and Wales, as well as brief description of the purpose of the book. Approximately 250,000 cancers occur each year in England and Wales, accounting for about 140,000 deaths. The book presents new analysis of trends in cancer incidence and mortality in England and Wales, going as far back as 1868 for some cancers.
Anthony Swerdlow, Isable Dos Santos silva, and Richard Doll
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780192627483
- eISBN:
- 9780191723698
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192627483.003.0002
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter presents a brief historical background of the available sources of data for cancer trends. These include mortality statistics, cancer registration statistics, and publications on trends.
This chapter presents a brief historical background of the available sources of data for cancer trends. These include mortality statistics, cancer registration statistics, and publications on trends.
Gordon W. Russell
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195189599
- eISBN:
- 9780199868445
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195189599.003.0005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Wide-ranging questions associated with rioting among sports fans are addressed in this chapter. The first issue raised asks if the “problem” of sports riots is as severe as the media would have us ...
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Wide-ranging questions associated with rioting among sports fans are addressed in this chapter. The first issue raised asks if the “problem” of sports riots is as severe as the media would have us believe. Is it, perhaps, overblown? Studies examining the incidence and severity of riots are discussed. A small sample of theories attempting to explain their occurrence is presented. Research addressing questions of who riots, their personality, and their numbers in a sports crowd are examined. Peacemakers, that is individuals who attempt to restrain or dissuade would-be rioters, are also described. A concluding section presents a listing of preventive and mitigating measures suggested as means of control. The assessment of riot potential by police, their openness toward fans, and their deployment are factors predictive of a peaceful outcome. While punishment is often recommended as a control measure, the result may not be what we had hoped for.Less
Wide-ranging questions associated with rioting among sports fans are addressed in this chapter. The first issue raised asks if the “problem” of sports riots is as severe as the media would have us believe. Is it, perhaps, overblown? Studies examining the incidence and severity of riots are discussed. A small sample of theories attempting to explain their occurrence is presented. Research addressing questions of who riots, their personality, and their numbers in a sports crowd are examined. Peacemakers, that is individuals who attempt to restrain or dissuade would-be rioters, are also described. A concluding section presents a listing of preventive and mitigating measures suggested as means of control. The assessment of riot potential by police, their openness toward fans, and their deployment are factors predictive of a peaceful outcome. While punishment is often recommended as a control measure, the result may not be what we had hoped for.
Christopher Dye
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691154626
- eISBN:
- 9781400866571
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691154626.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Disease Ecology / Epidemiology
This chapter examines the prospects for elimination and eradication of tuberculosis. It considers how TB elimination could be achieved in principle, making use of the interventions and procedures ...
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This chapter examines the prospects for elimination and eradication of tuberculosis. It considers how TB elimination could be achieved in principle, making use of the interventions and procedures available now and anticipating new technologies in the future. It places special emphasis on combining interventions for maximum effect and gives a guide to the combinations that work best. These principles are then applied in a detailed analysis of five countries with contrasting TB epidemics: South Africa, India, China, Kiribati, and the United States. To achieve very low incidence rates in their entire populations, these countries must maintain low TB transmission rates domestically and prevent TB arising from old infections in the native-born population. They must also prevent TB arising from imported infections in the foreign-born population. This underscores the point that in today's highly interconnected world, elimination in any country depends on effective TB control in every country.Less
This chapter examines the prospects for elimination and eradication of tuberculosis. It considers how TB elimination could be achieved in principle, making use of the interventions and procedures available now and anticipating new technologies in the future. It places special emphasis on combining interventions for maximum effect and gives a guide to the combinations that work best. These principles are then applied in a detailed analysis of five countries with contrasting TB epidemics: South Africa, India, China, Kiribati, and the United States. To achieve very low incidence rates in their entire populations, these countries must maintain low TB transmission rates domestically and prevent TB arising from old infections in the native-born population. They must also prevent TB arising from imported infections in the foreign-born population. This underscores the point that in today's highly interconnected world, elimination in any country depends on effective TB control in every country.
John Wright
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199238934
- eISBN:
- 9780191716621
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199238934.003.03
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter discusses the following topics: What is epidemiology? How do we measure disease? using rates in measuring disease; describing disease in terms of time, place, and person; defining cases ...
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This chapter discusses the following topics: What is epidemiology? How do we measure disease? using rates in measuring disease; describing disease in terms of time, place, and person; defining cases and populations; and undertaking health surveys. It also discusses randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews.Less
This chapter discusses the following topics: What is epidemiology? How do we measure disease? using rates in measuring disease; describing disease in terms of time, place, and person; defining cases and populations; and undertaking health surveys. It also discusses randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews.
Rodney Sampson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199541157
- eISBN:
- 9780191716096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541157.003.0004
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
This is the earliest and most familiar category of prosthesis and affects words beginning with [s] plus a consonant. Its origins and early development are first traced, exploring its geographical ...
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This is the earliest and most familiar category of prosthesis and affects words beginning with [s] plus a consonant. Its origins and early development are first traced, exploring its geographical distribution, actualization, and possible causation. The varied medieval and modern outcomes across Romance are then systematically examined in a comparative‐historical perspective.Less
This is the earliest and most familiar category of prosthesis and affects words beginning with [s] plus a consonant. Its origins and early development are first traced, exploring its geographical distribution, actualization, and possible causation. The varied medieval and modern outcomes across Romance are then systematically examined in a comparative‐historical perspective.
Rodney Sampson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199541157
- eISBN:
- 9780191716096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541157.003.0005
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
This category of vowel prosthesis postdates I‐prosthesis and operated on rhotic‐initial words. Its early development is examined closely, and its geographical diffusion and likely causation are ...
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This category of vowel prosthesis postdates I‐prosthesis and operated on rhotic‐initial words. Its early development is examined closely, and its geographical diffusion and likely causation are investigated. The problematic case of Southern Italian is explored in detail. The later, varied fortunes of A‐prosthesis across Romance are traced, analysed, and assessed from a comparative viewpoint.Less
This category of vowel prosthesis postdates I‐prosthesis and operated on rhotic‐initial words. Its early development is examined closely, and its geographical diffusion and likely causation are investigated. The problematic case of Southern Italian is explored in detail. The later, varied fortunes of A‐prosthesis across Romance are traced, analysed, and assessed from a comparative viewpoint.
Rodney Sampson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199541157
- eISBN:
- 9780191716096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541157.003.0006
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
U‐prosthesis occurred in the later Middle Ages following a special type of syncope. The structural circumstances surrounding its rise are explored in detail, and the geographical incidence and ...
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U‐prosthesis occurred in the later Middle Ages following a special type of syncope. The structural circumstances surrounding its rise are explored in detail, and the geographical incidence and possible causation of the development are examined. Differences in the treatment of clitics and lexical forms are analysed. More recent changes in U‐prosthesis are finally considered in a comparative perspective.Less
U‐prosthesis occurred in the later Middle Ages following a special type of syncope. The structural circumstances surrounding its rise are explored in detail, and the geographical incidence and possible causation of the development are examined. Differences in the treatment of clitics and lexical forms are analysed. More recent changes in U‐prosthesis are finally considered in a comparative perspective.
Will G. Hopkins
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199561629
- eISBN:
- 9780191722479
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199561629.003.06
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Public Health
A variety of ways to express the incidence and prevalence of sports injury exists, of which the number of injuries per 1,000 hours of play is the most commonly used. There is no clear answer as to ...
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A variety of ways to express the incidence and prevalence of sports injury exists, of which the number of injuries per 1,000 hours of play is the most commonly used. There is no clear answer as to which description is the best. Each description, however, has its own benefits and drawbacks. Based upon existing published data this chapter shows what the different ways of expressing the outcome measure can do to the results. Additionally, the chapter shows ways of expressing and calculating the spread of the outcome measures, e.g. standard deviation and 95% confidence interval.Less
A variety of ways to express the incidence and prevalence of sports injury exists, of which the number of injuries per 1,000 hours of play is the most commonly used. There is no clear answer as to which description is the best. Each description, however, has its own benefits and drawbacks. Based upon existing published data this chapter shows what the different ways of expressing the outcome measure can do to the results. Additionally, the chapter shows ways of expressing and calculating the spread of the outcome measures, e.g. standard deviation and 95% confidence interval.
David Finkelhor
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195342857
- eISBN:
- 9780199863631
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195342857.003.0002
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Crime and Justice
This chapter sketches the outlines of the field of Developmental Victimology — a field intended to help promote interest in and understanding of the broad range of victimizations that children suffer ...
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This chapter sketches the outlines of the field of Developmental Victimology — a field intended to help promote interest in and understanding of the broad range of victimizations that children suffer from, and suggest some specific lines of inquiry that such an interest should take. It contends that the problem of juvenile victimization can be addressed in many of the same comprehensive and conceptual ways that the field of juvenile delinquency has addressed the problem of juvenile offending. This chapter addresses a variety of issues: how to define and categorize and juvenile victimizations, what is known about the epidemiology of child victimization in broad terms, and how victimization changes across the developmental span of childhood.Less
This chapter sketches the outlines of the field of Developmental Victimology — a field intended to help promote interest in and understanding of the broad range of victimizations that children suffer from, and suggest some specific lines of inquiry that such an interest should take. It contends that the problem of juvenile victimization can be addressed in many of the same comprehensive and conceptual ways that the field of juvenile delinquency has addressed the problem of juvenile offending. This chapter addresses a variety of issues: how to define and categorize and juvenile victimizations, what is known about the epidemiology of child victimization in broad terms, and how victimization changes across the developmental span of childhood.
A. B. Atkinson
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198292166
- eISBN:
- 9780191595875
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198292163.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
The theoretical models used, explicitly or implicitly, in policy analysis tend to ignore much relevant real‐world complexities. This chapter considers the incidence of tax reform in a model that ...
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The theoretical models used, explicitly or implicitly, in policy analysis tend to ignore much relevant real‐world complexities. This chapter considers the incidence of tax reform in a model that allows for labour market segmentation.Less
The theoretical models used, explicitly or implicitly, in policy analysis tend to ignore much relevant real‐world complexities. This chapter considers the incidence of tax reform in a model that allows for labour market segmentation.
Molly Martin and Juana Ballesteros
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199731190
- eISBN:
- 9780199866465
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199731190.003.0012
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
The Sinai's Improving Community Health Survey found that Puerto Rican children had the highest asthma prevalence rate of all groups. Twenty-one percent of Puerto Rican children had diagnosed asthma ...
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The Sinai's Improving Community Health Survey found that Puerto Rican children had the highest asthma prevalence rate of all groups. Twenty-one percent of Puerto Rican children had diagnosed asthma while another 13% had a positive asthma screen for a potential total asthma burden of 34%. This chapter discusses the lack of specific interventions that target Puerto Rican children, establishment of the Greater Humboldt Park Community of Wellness, and the asthma experience in Humboldt Park as a model of community-based participatory research.Less
The Sinai's Improving Community Health Survey found that Puerto Rican children had the highest asthma prevalence rate of all groups. Twenty-one percent of Puerto Rican children had diagnosed asthma while another 13% had a positive asthma screen for a potential total asthma burden of 34%. This chapter discusses the lack of specific interventions that target Puerto Rican children, establishment of the Greater Humboldt Park Community of Wellness, and the asthma experience in Humboldt Park as a model of community-based participatory research.
Chittaranjan S. Yajnik, Terrence Forrester, Kaushik Ramaiya, Nikhil Tandon, Shailaja Kale, and Marshall Tulloch-Reid
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195317060
- eISBN:
- 9780199871544
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195317060.003.0024
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter discusses some of the issues related to the three most common types of diabetes (type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes) that are particularly relevant to developing countries. The ...
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This chapter discusses some of the issues related to the three most common types of diabetes (type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes) that are particularly relevant to developing countries. The focus is on type 2 diabetes, which constitutes over 90% of all diabetes worldwide. Published data from these developing countries is presented, particularly from India and Asia because of the lead author's experience.Less
This chapter discusses some of the issues related to the three most common types of diabetes (type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes) that are particularly relevant to developing countries. The focus is on type 2 diabetes, which constitutes over 90% of all diabetes worldwide. Published data from these developing countries is presented, particularly from India and Asia because of the lead author's experience.
Peter Croft, Kate Dunn, Fiona M. Blyth, and Danielle van der Windt
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199235766
- eISBN:
- 9780191594816
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199235766.003.0004
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter draws on all three chapters in the second section of the book (Chapter 5–7) to highlight general points about defining chronic pain as a public health issue. Topics discussed include a ...
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This chapter draws on all three chapters in the second section of the book (Chapter 5–7) to highlight general points about defining chronic pain as a public health issue. Topics discussed include a core definition of chronic pain for public health, expanding the concept of time for chronic pain, expanding the concept of pain, and moving towards measuring risk and defining chronic pain propensity in the whole population.Less
This chapter draws on all three chapters in the second section of the book (Chapter 5–7) to highlight general points about defining chronic pain as a public health issue. Topics discussed include a core definition of chronic pain for public health, expanding the concept of time for chronic pain, expanding the concept of pain, and moving towards measuring risk and defining chronic pain propensity in the whole population.
Sonya Grant Arreola
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520246140
- eISBN:
- 9780520939141
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520246140.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
Empirical data proves that Latino gay men comprise one of the most vulnerable groups in the United States for transmission of HIV. As a category, they are more likely to contract HIV than white gay ...
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Empirical data proves that Latino gay men comprise one of the most vulnerable groups in the United States for transmission of HIV. As a category, they are more likely to contract HIV than white gay men. Further, Latino men who have sex with men have accounted for an increasing proportion of AIDS cases and have had smaller proportionate declines in AIDS incidence and deaths. However, even these high estimates appear to be an underestimation of the holistic situation, in view of the low rates of testing among ethnic minorities who engage in high-risk behaviors. This chapter inquires into the causes for failure of a safety regime, proliferated mainly through sex-education and awareness. Empirical data infers that, a history of childhood sexual abuse alters boys' cognitive and emotional orientation to the world, thereby inhibiting their ability to integrate their intentions to practice safer sex with their actual behavior.Less
Empirical data proves that Latino gay men comprise one of the most vulnerable groups in the United States for transmission of HIV. As a category, they are more likely to contract HIV than white gay men. Further, Latino men who have sex with men have accounted for an increasing proportion of AIDS cases and have had smaller proportionate declines in AIDS incidence and deaths. However, even these high estimates appear to be an underestimation of the holistic situation, in view of the low rates of testing among ethnic minorities who engage in high-risk behaviors. This chapter inquires into the causes for failure of a safety regime, proliferated mainly through sex-education and awareness. Empirical data infers that, a history of childhood sexual abuse alters boys' cognitive and emotional orientation to the world, thereby inhibiting their ability to integrate their intentions to practice safer sex with their actual behavior.
William W. Eaton, Pierre Alexandre, Ronald C. Kessler, Silvia S. Martins, Preben Bo Mortensen, George W. Rebok, Carla L. Storr, and Kimberly Roth
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195390445
- eISBN:
- 9780199950416
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390445.003.0006
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This chapter estimates rates of incidence of specific disorders and charts them for each sex across the life span, consistent with the life course epidemiological approach, which is highly useful to ...
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This chapter estimates rates of incidence of specific disorders and charts them for each sex across the life span, consistent with the life course epidemiological approach, which is highly useful to psychiatric epidemiology. First, it briefly describes data sources and details the methods used in creating population estimates of mental disorders. It then turns to a discussion of the onsets, courses, and outcomes of mental illnesses, based on data from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area follow-up study and the National Comorbidity Survey studies.Less
This chapter estimates rates of incidence of specific disorders and charts them for each sex across the life span, consistent with the life course epidemiological approach, which is highly useful to psychiatric epidemiology. First, it briefly describes data sources and details the methods used in creating population estimates of mental disorders. It then turns to a discussion of the onsets, courses, and outcomes of mental illnesses, based on data from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area follow-up study and the National Comorbidity Survey studies.
Anne Hardy
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203773
- eISBN:
- 9780191675966
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203773.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
The epidemic streets haunted nineteenth-century Britain. From them, the Victorians feared, epidemic diseases would escape to ravage the rest of society. The contributions of epidemiology, and of the ...
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The epidemic streets haunted nineteenth-century Britain. From them, the Victorians feared, epidemic diseases would escape to ravage the rest of society. The contributions of epidemiology, and of the public-health administration, have received little direct attention, while the diseases themselves, which constituted the core of the public-health problem, have for the most part been ignored. The aim of this book is to redress the balance; to describe the historical behaviour of the most important nineteenth-century infectious diseases, to assess the relative contribution of different factors to their prevalence and fatality, and to lay a foundation-stone for more detailed investigations of local patterns of disease-incidence and behaviour in the years between 1850 and 1914. In this story sanitary reform has a role, but the characteristics of the different diseases and the administrative measures that were taken against them play the greater part.Less
The epidemic streets haunted nineteenth-century Britain. From them, the Victorians feared, epidemic diseases would escape to ravage the rest of society. The contributions of epidemiology, and of the public-health administration, have received little direct attention, while the diseases themselves, which constituted the core of the public-health problem, have for the most part been ignored. The aim of this book is to redress the balance; to describe the historical behaviour of the most important nineteenth-century infectious diseases, to assess the relative contribution of different factors to their prevalence and fatality, and to lay a foundation-stone for more detailed investigations of local patterns of disease-incidence and behaviour in the years between 1850 and 1914. In this story sanitary reform has a role, but the characteristics of the different diseases and the administrative measures that were taken against them play the greater part.
