W. Otto Friesen and Jonathon Friesen
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195371833
- eISBN:
- 9780199865178
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195371833.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience
The electrical membrane potential is an important property for the functioning of living cells. Temporal variations of this potential generated by synaptic interactions and expressed as nerve ...
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The electrical membrane potential is an important property for the functioning of living cells. Temporal variations of this potential generated by synaptic interactions and expressed as nerve impulses are central for signaling within nervous systems. Because neuronal signaling has this electrical basis, electrophysiology underlies neurophysiology. The primary objective of the NeuroDynamix II text is to provide a deep introduction to neurophysiology. The approach is to introduce the elements of electrical circuits, batteries, resistors and capacitors, and to build on that foundation to reconstruct the parallel conductance model that Hodgkin and Huxley employed for resting potentials and nerve impulses. The text presents brief historical sketches of, and introduces students to the fundamental concepts of neurophysiology. Following each didactic presentation, modeling exercises-hands-on simulations-serve to deepen the reader's understanding of basic neurophysiological techniques, including intracellular recording and voltage-clamp recording. The computer models present experimental results dynamically; that is, results are displayed as they are generated, providing a sense of experimental verisimilitude. NeuroDynamix II embodies a tight interdependence between the didactic text and the free, online NDX II software. Section I provides explicit, illustrated introductions to electrical concepts, the properties of ion channels, resting and action potentials, synaptic interactions, and neuronal circuits. Each didactic chapter concludes with detailed “Lessons” that preconfigure NDX II models to illustrate and explore neurophysiological principles. Section II provides brief descriptions of seven integrated models, with complete glossaries of variable and parameter names and units. Section III presents a detailed description of the equations for each computer simulation, whereas Section IV summarizes numerical methods for solving the differential equations. The text concludes with a brief guide for accessing the online NDX II modeling program and a bibliography.Less
The electrical membrane potential is an important property for the functioning of living cells. Temporal variations of this potential generated by synaptic interactions and expressed as nerve impulses are central for signaling within nervous systems. Because neuronal signaling has this electrical basis, electrophysiology underlies neurophysiology. The primary objective of the NeuroDynamix II text is to provide a deep introduction to neurophysiology. The approach is to introduce the elements of electrical circuits, batteries, resistors and capacitors, and to build on that foundation to reconstruct the parallel conductance model that Hodgkin and Huxley employed for resting potentials and nerve impulses. The text presents brief historical sketches of, and introduces students to the fundamental concepts of neurophysiology. Following each didactic presentation, modeling exercises-hands-on simulations-serve to deepen the reader's understanding of basic neurophysiological techniques, including intracellular recording and voltage-clamp recording. The computer models present experimental results dynamically; that is, results are displayed as they are generated, providing a sense of experimental verisimilitude. NeuroDynamix II embodies a tight interdependence between the didactic text and the free, online NDX II software. Section I provides explicit, illustrated introductions to electrical concepts, the properties of ion channels, resting and action potentials, synaptic interactions, and neuronal circuits. Each didactic chapter concludes with detailed “Lessons” that preconfigure NDX II models to illustrate and explore neurophysiological principles. Section II provides brief descriptions of seven integrated models, with complete glossaries of variable and parameter names and units. Section III presents a detailed description of the equations for each computer simulation, whereas Section IV summarizes numerical methods for solving the differential equations. The text concludes with a brief guide for accessing the online NDX II modeling program and a bibliography.
Anthony Garratt, Kevin Lee, M. Hashem Pesaran, and Yongcheol Shin
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199296859
- eISBN:
- 9780191603853
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199296855.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Econometrics
This chapter discusses the dynamic properties of the estimated UK model. It presents generalized and orthogonalized impulse response analyses of the effects of shocks to the UK economy, and considers ...
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This chapter discusses the dynamic properties of the estimated UK model. It presents generalized and orthogonalized impulse response analyses of the effects of shocks to the UK economy, and considers in detail the dynamic effect of identified monetary policy shocks. It also presents a decomposition of the variables in the UK model into trends and cycles.Less
This chapter discusses the dynamic properties of the estimated UK model. It presents generalized and orthogonalized impulse response analyses of the effects of shocks to the UK economy, and considers in detail the dynamic effect of identified monetary policy shocks. It also presents a decomposition of the variables in the UK model into trends and cycles.
Anthony Garratt, Kevin Lee, M. Hashem Pesaran, and Yongcheol Shin
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199296859
- eISBN:
- 9780191603853
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199296855.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Econometrics
This chapter briefly reviews the econometric methods needed for the empirical analysis of cointegrating VAR models and the associated impulse response functions, including new materials (on the ...
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This chapter briefly reviews the econometric methods needed for the empirical analysis of cointegrating VAR models and the associated impulse response functions, including new materials (on the conditions under which error-correction models are mean-reverting, for example) that are particularly useful in practical macroeconometric modelling.Less
This chapter briefly reviews the econometric methods needed for the empirical analysis of cointegrating VAR models and the associated impulse response functions, including new materials (on the conditions under which error-correction models are mean-reverting, for example) that are particularly useful in practical macroeconometric modelling.
Stacilee Ford
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888083114
- eISBN:
- 9789882207639
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888083114.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
The narratives considered in this study have proved that there is no such thing as a “typical American woman”. Yet there are threads of connection. All of the texts enrich the understanding of the ...
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The narratives considered in this study have proved that there is no such thing as a “typical American woman”. Yet there are threads of connection. All of the texts enrich the understanding of the ways in which notions of gender and national identity are shaped, in part, by the cross-cultural encounter, albeit in highly individual ways. In addition, each story within this diverse archive attests to both the plasticity and the rigidity of American national identity across time and place. The second half of the book has hinted at the complex but undeniable relationship between real and imagined American women as popular culture supersized a growing American presence in the region. In general, the most significant point of connection between all of the narratives presented is their didactic style or what has been called here the pedagogical impulse.Less
The narratives considered in this study have proved that there is no such thing as a “typical American woman”. Yet there are threads of connection. All of the texts enrich the understanding of the ways in which notions of gender and national identity are shaped, in part, by the cross-cultural encounter, albeit in highly individual ways. In addition, each story within this diverse archive attests to both the plasticity and the rigidity of American national identity across time and place. The second half of the book has hinted at the complex but undeniable relationship between real and imagined American women as popular culture supersized a growing American presence in the region. In general, the most significant point of connection between all of the narratives presented is their didactic style or what has been called here the pedagogical impulse.
Timo Teräsvirta, Dag Tjøstheim, and W. J. Granger
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199587148
- eISBN:
- 9780191595387
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199587148.003.0015
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Econometrics
This short chapter presents an important tool in interpreting estimated nonlinear models: the generalized impulse response function which is a random variable and thus has a distribution. ...
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This short chapter presents an important tool in interpreting estimated nonlinear models: the generalized impulse response function which is a random variable and thus has a distribution. Representing these functions, that is, estimated densities, using so‐called highest density regions is considered. Examples of their use can be found in Chapter 16.Less
This short chapter presents an important tool in interpreting estimated nonlinear models: the generalized impulse response function which is a random variable and thus has a distribution. Representing these functions, that is, estimated densities, using so‐called highest density regions is considered. Examples of their use can be found in Chapter 16.
Stephen G. Waxman and Lakshmi Bangalore
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195152227
- eISBN:
- 9780199865024
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195152227.003.0021
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Development, Disorders of the Nervous System
The need for rapid conduction of the nerve impulse serves as a driving force that can determine and increase animal size. For an axon without myelin, the speed of impulse conduction is proportional ...
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The need for rapid conduction of the nerve impulse serves as a driving force that can determine and increase animal size. For an axon without myelin, the speed of impulse conduction is proportional to the diameter1/2. Therefore, in order to achieve a faster rate of conduction, species that lack myelin have to enlarge substantially their axons. Higher species achieve high conduction velocities by ensheathment with myelin and by strategically positioning ion channels along the length of myelinated axons. This chapter discusses the role of myelin in the conduction of nerve impulses within the vertebrate nervous system, pathophysiological consequences of demyelination, and the molecular reorganization within the axonal membrane following demyelination.Less
The need for rapid conduction of the nerve impulse serves as a driving force that can determine and increase animal size. For an axon without myelin, the speed of impulse conduction is proportional to the diameter1/2. Therefore, in order to achieve a faster rate of conduction, species that lack myelin have to enlarge substantially their axons. Higher species achieve high conduction velocities by ensheathment with myelin and by strategically positioning ion channels along the length of myelinated axons. This chapter discusses the role of myelin in the conduction of nerve impulses within the vertebrate nervous system, pathophysiological consequences of demyelination, and the molecular reorganization within the axonal membrane following demyelination.
Mark R. Warren
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199751242
- eISBN:
- 9780199943326
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751242.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter argues that seminal experiences tend to be abrupt events which change white people's racial perspective. Such an experience does not itself lead to commitment, but rather the meaning ...
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This chapter argues that seminal experiences tend to be abrupt events which change white people's racial perspective. Such an experience does not itself lead to commitment, but rather the meaning that white people attribute to this experience matters, and that is a deeply moral issue. People appear to be led toward racial justice activism when they see a contradiction between their community's deeply held values and the reality of racism. According to activists, they experience a moral shock and develop a moral impulse through direct experience, not primarily through reading. The chapter also suggests that colleges are key places for the early development of racial justice commitment. Young white people meet professors and students who can help them interpret seminal experiences and deepen a racial justice perspective.Less
This chapter argues that seminal experiences tend to be abrupt events which change white people's racial perspective. Such an experience does not itself lead to commitment, but rather the meaning that white people attribute to this experience matters, and that is a deeply moral issue. People appear to be led toward racial justice activism when they see a contradiction between their community's deeply held values and the reality of racism. According to activists, they experience a moral shock and develop a moral impulse through direct experience, not primarily through reading. The chapter also suggests that colleges are key places for the early development of racial justice commitment. Young white people meet professors and students who can help them interpret seminal experiences and deepen a racial justice perspective.
Gordon M. Shepherd
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195391503
- eISBN:
- 9780199863464
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195391503.003.0006
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, History of Neuroscience
This chapter details early studies on signals in the nervous system. Different parts of the nervous system are interconnected by long fibers called “axons,” which enable them to function together to ...
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This chapter details early studies on signals in the nervous system. Different parts of the nervous system are interconnected by long fibers called “axons,” which enable them to function together to mediate the coordinated spontaneous activity, reflexes, perceptions, memory, and willed movements that constitute behavior. The key property of an axon that is special for the nervous system, is to be “excitable,”; capable of supporting self-regenerating waves of electrical potential that can propagate rapidly over long distances. These waves are called “impulses,” or “action potentials.” Understanding excitability is therefore central to understanding the nature of nervous activity.Less
This chapter details early studies on signals in the nervous system. Different parts of the nervous system are interconnected by long fibers called “axons,” which enable them to function together to mediate the coordinated spontaneous activity, reflexes, perceptions, memory, and willed movements that constitute behavior. The key property of an axon that is special for the nervous system, is to be “excitable,”; capable of supporting self-regenerating waves of electrical potential that can propagate rapidly over long distances. These waves are called “impulses,” or “action potentials.” Understanding excitability is therefore central to understanding the nature of nervous activity.
C. L. Barber
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691149523
- eISBN:
- 9781400839858
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691149523.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter considers the tendency for Elizabethan comedy to be a saturnalia, rather than to represent saturnalian experience. In Elizabethan England, a direct development of comedy out of festivity ...
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This chapter considers the tendency for Elizabethan comedy to be a saturnalia, rather than to represent saturnalian experience. In Elizabethan England, a direct development of comedy out of festivity was prevented by the existence of an already developed dramatic literature—and by the whole moral superstructure of Elizabethan society. When the issue was put to the test, license for festive abuse was never granted by Elizabethan officials. The tendency examined in this chapter bears witness to the saturnalian impulse which did find expression in dramatic fiction. Saturnalia could come into its own in the theater by virtue of the distinction between the stage and the world which Puritans were unwilling to make in London but which fortunately prevailed across the river on the Bankside.Less
This chapter considers the tendency for Elizabethan comedy to be a saturnalia, rather than to represent saturnalian experience. In Elizabethan England, a direct development of comedy out of festivity was prevented by the existence of an already developed dramatic literature—and by the whole moral superstructure of Elizabethan society. When the issue was put to the test, license for festive abuse was never granted by Elizabethan officials. The tendency examined in this chapter bears witness to the saturnalian impulse which did find expression in dramatic fiction. Saturnalia could come into its own in the theater by virtue of the distinction between the stage and the world which Puritans were unwilling to make in London but which fortunately prevailed across the river on the Bankside.
Nicole L. Mead, Jessica L. Alquist, and Roy F. Baumeister
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195391381
- eISBN:
- 9780199776894
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195391381.003.0020
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Social Psychology
People break diets, procrastinate in the face of looming deadlines, imbibe too much alcohol the night before a midterm, struggle to save money, and lash out at loved ones and family members. They do ...
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People break diets, procrastinate in the face of looming deadlines, imbibe too much alcohol the night before a midterm, struggle to save money, and lash out at loved ones and family members. They do all these things despite their best intentions not to. Why do people engage in such personally, interpersonally, and socially destructive behaviors? This chapter suggests that a major reason why people fail at self-control is because it relies on a limited resource. We define self-control as the capacity to alter one's responses; it is what enables people to forego the allure of short-term pleasures to institute responses that bring long-term rewards. One of the core functions of self-control may be to facilitate culture, which often requires that people curtail selfishness for the sake of effective group functioning. The first part of the chapter gives an overview of how self-control operates, including the possible biological basis of self-control. It covers a substantial body of literature suggesting that self-control operates on a limited resource, which becomes depleted with use. The second part of the chapter reviews the benefits of good self-control and the costs of bad self-control across a large variety of domains, such as consumption, self-presentation, decision making, rejection, aggression, and interpersonal relationships.Less
People break diets, procrastinate in the face of looming deadlines, imbibe too much alcohol the night before a midterm, struggle to save money, and lash out at loved ones and family members. They do all these things despite their best intentions not to. Why do people engage in such personally, interpersonally, and socially destructive behaviors? This chapter suggests that a major reason why people fail at self-control is because it relies on a limited resource. We define self-control as the capacity to alter one's responses; it is what enables people to forego the allure of short-term pleasures to institute responses that bring long-term rewards. One of the core functions of self-control may be to facilitate culture, which often requires that people curtail selfishness for the sake of effective group functioning. The first part of the chapter gives an overview of how self-control operates, including the possible biological basis of self-control. It covers a substantial body of literature suggesting that self-control operates on a limited resource, which becomes depleted with use. The second part of the chapter reviews the benefits of good self-control and the costs of bad self-control across a large variety of domains, such as consumption, self-presentation, decision making, rejection, aggression, and interpersonal relationships.
George Ainslie
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195376685
- eISBN:
- 9780199776306
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195376685.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
Procrastination results from a temporary preference to defer costs and is thus a species of impulse. Whereas many impulses entail an immediate thrill, suggesting at first glance that conditioned ...
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Procrastination results from a temporary preference to defer costs and is thus a species of impulse. Whereas many impulses entail an immediate thrill, suggesting at first glance that conditioned reward could be the mechanism of impulsiveness, procrastination can win out just because the prospect of effort or deprivation feels better if deferred. This is a basic example of the overvaluation of an imminent option just because its payoff comes before its cost, implying hyperbolic discounting of prospective experience. Many impulses can be controlled by interpreting current behavior as a test of the credibility of future intentions—“If not now, when?” an example of intertemporal bargaining, arguably the mechanism of willpower. However, much procrastination involves deferring the less rewarding components of mental activities, including the fallow periods that restore capacity for emotional reward. The pervasiveness and lack of boundaries that characterize this kind of procrastination limit the capability of willpower to control it.Less
Procrastination results from a temporary preference to defer costs and is thus a species of impulse. Whereas many impulses entail an immediate thrill, suggesting at first glance that conditioned reward could be the mechanism of impulsiveness, procrastination can win out just because the prospect of effort or deprivation feels better if deferred. This is a basic example of the overvaluation of an imminent option just because its payoff comes before its cost, implying hyperbolic discounting of prospective experience. Many impulses can be controlled by interpreting current behavior as a test of the credibility of future intentions—“If not now, when?” an example of intertemporal bargaining, arguably the mechanism of willpower. However, much procrastination involves deferring the less rewarding components of mental activities, including the fallow periods that restore capacity for emotional reward. The pervasiveness and lack of boundaries that characterize this kind of procrastination limit the capability of willpower to control it.
Andrew Warnes
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780520295285
- eISBN:
- 9780520968097
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520295285.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
The book argues that the invention and popularization of the shopping cart from the 1940s onward provided the final link in the chain for the new system of industrialized food flow. First in the ...
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The book argues that the invention and popularization of the shopping cart from the 1940s onward provided the final link in the chain for the new system of industrialized food flow. First in the United States and then around the world, these carts enabled supermarkets to move their goods even faster off their shelves—in a sense, completing the revolution in mechanized farming, electric refrigeration, and road distribution that had occurred during the 1930s. Yet the cart, a basic machine among modernity’s new systems, also recast the work of food shopping in ways that attracted ambivalence and unease. In urging customers to buy all their groceries at once, it radically accelerated the consumerist experience of self-service, creating a new mode of accelerated shopping on impulse that often felt, ironically, far from “convenient.” Above all, as a host of U.S. cultural responses have suggested, the sheer uniformity of the shopping cart has unsettled the individualistic rhetoric of the supermarket industry. Increasingly omnipresent in online shopping, its basic form, defined as a void waiting to be filled, uncomfortably reveals the parallels that exist between human and nonhuman participants in the modern circuit of food flow.Less
The book argues that the invention and popularization of the shopping cart from the 1940s onward provided the final link in the chain for the new system of industrialized food flow. First in the United States and then around the world, these carts enabled supermarkets to move their goods even faster off their shelves—in a sense, completing the revolution in mechanized farming, electric refrigeration, and road distribution that had occurred during the 1930s. Yet the cart, a basic machine among modernity’s new systems, also recast the work of food shopping in ways that attracted ambivalence and unease. In urging customers to buy all their groceries at once, it radically accelerated the consumerist experience of self-service, creating a new mode of accelerated shopping on impulse that often felt, ironically, far from “convenient.” Above all, as a host of U.S. cultural responses have suggested, the sheer uniformity of the shopping cart has unsettled the individualistic rhetoric of the supermarket industry. Increasingly omnipresent in online shopping, its basic form, defined as a void waiting to be filled, uncomfortably reveals the parallels that exist between human and nonhuman participants in the modern circuit of food flow.
Jonathan Boyarin
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780691203997
- eISBN:
- 9780691207698
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691203997.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This chapter assesses the dreams that the author experienced. It narrates the first dream in which the author seemed to wish to merge young Orthodox American boys today, not only with those Jewish ...
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This chapter assesses the dreams that the author experienced. It narrates the first dream in which the author seemed to wish to merge young Orthodox American boys today, not only with those Jewish children murdered by the Nazis and their local henchmen, but perhaps as well with the fragmented memories of an imagined, more whole or “authentic” Jewish childhood in eastern Europe. The chapter reveals that the impulse to repair the breach of memory — and perhaps his ambivalence about that impulse — is certainly part of his impulse for studying at Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusalem (MTJ), as it has directed his professional life for the past four decades. In another dream, it was about his mother's father, Yeshaya Kravits, who somehow became Cyrus Weltman in America. In this dream, they were bringing him home to live with them. Ultimately, the chapter analyzes Nasanel's remarkable gift — the ability to extend time, or to defy the shackles of quantified, linear time.Less
This chapter assesses the dreams that the author experienced. It narrates the first dream in which the author seemed to wish to merge young Orthodox American boys today, not only with those Jewish children murdered by the Nazis and their local henchmen, but perhaps as well with the fragmented memories of an imagined, more whole or “authentic” Jewish childhood in eastern Europe. The chapter reveals that the impulse to repair the breach of memory — and perhaps his ambivalence about that impulse — is certainly part of his impulse for studying at Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusalem (MTJ), as it has directed his professional life for the past four decades. In another dream, it was about his mother's father, Yeshaya Kravits, who somehow became Cyrus Weltman in America. In this dream, they were bringing him home to live with them. Ultimately, the chapter analyzes Nasanel's remarkable gift — the ability to extend time, or to defy the shackles of quantified, linear time.
Douglas Robinson
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195076004
- eISBN:
- 9780199855131
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195076004.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 20th Century Literature
The author has been arguing that the emotionally blocked Lardner displaced all his healthiest, most life-enhancing impulses (feelings, reactions, experiences) onto fictional others, and spoke of them ...
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The author has been arguing that the emotionally blocked Lardner displaced all his healthiest, most life-enhancing impulses (feelings, reactions, experiences) onto fictional others, and spoke of them through “Other” voices. What the nonsense plays do is convert this displacement into a structural belief. The guiding force is an association that works by dissociation, a series of somatic or autonomic linkages proceeded by an unconscious separation of conscious ties between collocation entities, cuts made stammering by Lardner's Others in the ideological flow of language. In many of the plays, these cuts seem defensive and self-protective. Lardner's way is not making connections with the “Others” that speak him through the sheer inundative force of non-sequiturs. In fact, Lardner's biographers seem inclined to reduce them all to this sort of defensive flooding.Less
The author has been arguing that the emotionally blocked Lardner displaced all his healthiest, most life-enhancing impulses (feelings, reactions, experiences) onto fictional others, and spoke of them through “Other” voices. What the nonsense plays do is convert this displacement into a structural belief. The guiding force is an association that works by dissociation, a series of somatic or autonomic linkages proceeded by an unconscious separation of conscious ties between collocation entities, cuts made stammering by Lardner's Others in the ideological flow of language. In many of the plays, these cuts seem defensive and self-protective. Lardner's way is not making connections with the “Others” that speak him through the sheer inundative force of non-sequiturs. In fact, Lardner's biographers seem inclined to reduce them all to this sort of defensive flooding.
SIR ANDREW HUXLEY
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195082937
- eISBN:
- 9780199865802
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195082937.003.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System
This chapter discusses ideas about nerve conduction and developments up to 1952. Topics covered include studies on excitation of the nerve, the all-or-none character of the propagated response of ...
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This chapter discusses ideas about nerve conduction and developments up to 1952. Topics covered include studies on excitation of the nerve, the all-or-none character of the propagated response of individual motor nerve fibers and individual fibers of skeletal muscle, propagation of the impulse, and generating of the electric charge.Less
This chapter discusses ideas about nerve conduction and developments up to 1952. Topics covered include studies on excitation of the nerve, the all-or-none character of the propagated response of individual motor nerve fibers and individual fibers of skeletal muscle, propagation of the impulse, and generating of the electric charge.
J. MURDOCH RITCHIE
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195082937
- eISBN:
- 9780199865802
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195082937.003.0004
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System
This chapter discusses axonal physiology. Topics covered include the energetic aspects of conduction, ionic basis of the nerve impulse, conduction velocity in axons, inhomogeneity of channel ...
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This chapter discusses axonal physiology. Topics covered include the energetic aspects of conduction, ionic basis of the nerve impulse, conduction velocity in axons, inhomogeneity of channel distribution in mammalian myelinated nerve, and complementary distribution of sodium and potassium channels in the mammalian node and internode.Less
This chapter discusses axonal physiology. Topics covered include the energetic aspects of conduction, ionic basis of the nerve impulse, conduction velocity in axons, inhomogeneity of channel distribution in mammalian myelinated nerve, and complementary distribution of sodium and potassium channels in the mammalian node and internode.
A.F. Borghesani
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199213603
- eISBN:
- 9780191707421
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213603.003.0007
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter deals with the discovery that ions interact with hydrodynamic structures of the superfluid in a way that can be explained only by assuming that the flow patterns in the superfluid are ...
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This chapter deals with the discovery that ions interact with hydrodynamic structures of the superfluid in a way that can be explained only by assuming that the flow patterns in the superfluid are quantized. Vortex lines and vortex rings capture the ions and the electron bubbles to produce charged vortex rings and lines which appear to be quantized. The fundamentals of semiclassical vortex hydrodynamics are described. The chapter also discusses experiments that unequivocally show that the relationship between momentum, impulse, and energy of such charged ion-vortex complexes confirm the picture of quantized hydrodynamic structures occurring in the superfluid.Less
This chapter deals with the discovery that ions interact with hydrodynamic structures of the superfluid in a way that can be explained only by assuming that the flow patterns in the superfluid are quantized. Vortex lines and vortex rings capture the ions and the electron bubbles to produce charged vortex rings and lines which appear to be quantized. The fundamentals of semiclassical vortex hydrodynamics are described. The chapter also discusses experiments that unequivocally show that the relationship between momentum, impulse, and energy of such charged ion-vortex complexes confirm the picture of quantized hydrodynamic structures occurring in the superfluid.
W. Schülke
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198501688
- eISBN:
- 9780191718045
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198501688.003.0002
- Subject:
- Physics, Atomic, Laser, and Optical Physics
This chapter deals with the theory of the double differential photon scattering cross-section in both non-relativistic and relativistic treatments. It shows how the Impulse Approximation leads to a ...
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This chapter deals with the theory of the double differential photon scattering cross-section in both non-relativistic and relativistic treatments. It shows how the Impulse Approximation leads to a cross-section interpretable in terms the ground state electron momentum density distribution, either directly through the Compton profile or in coordinate space though the reciprocal form factor. The nature of these derived quantities for atoms, molecules, and solids, including the treatment of electron-electron correlations is explained. The chapter also deals with spin-dependent scattering theory, and provides an introduction to the theory of the photon inelastic scattering cross section for all x-ray physicists.Less
This chapter deals with the theory of the double differential photon scattering cross-section in both non-relativistic and relativistic treatments. It shows how the Impulse Approximation leads to a cross-section interpretable in terms the ground state electron momentum density distribution, either directly through the Compton profile or in coordinate space though the reciprocal form factor. The nature of these derived quantities for atoms, molecules, and solids, including the treatment of electron-electron correlations is explained. The chapter also deals with spin-dependent scattering theory, and provides an introduction to the theory of the photon inelastic scattering cross section for all x-ray physicists.
Angela Alaimo O’Donnell
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199795307
- eISBN:
- 9780199932894
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199795307.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Poetry is a literary form especially suited for exploring the religious imagination, calling both poets and readers of poetry to an experience beyond the state of ordinary perception. A number of ...
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Poetry is a literary form especially suited for exploring the religious imagination, calling both poets and readers of poetry to an experience beyond the state of ordinary perception. A number of poems accomplish this task particularly well because they are grounded in certain metaphysical presuppositions that are foundational to Catholicism and resonant with the broader Judeo-Christian tradition. First, creation is grace, albeit deformed by the presence of sin. Second, the physical world is incarnational, embodying the immanence of the God who created it. Third, language possesses a unique power to express divine immanence and transcendence. Fourth, the act of making a poem manifests a primary way in which we are made in God's image. Poems by Dante, Levertov, Hopkins, Heaney, Milosz, and Jacobsen demonstrate the intricate connections between the religious and the artistic impulse. These poets are conversant with the realms of both the sacred and the secular. Consequently through their art they help lead poets and readers alike on the pilgrimage of paradox all human beings are all blessed to take, simultaneously alone and together.Less
Poetry is a literary form especially suited for exploring the religious imagination, calling both poets and readers of poetry to an experience beyond the state of ordinary perception. A number of poems accomplish this task particularly well because they are grounded in certain metaphysical presuppositions that are foundational to Catholicism and resonant with the broader Judeo-Christian tradition. First, creation is grace, albeit deformed by the presence of sin. Second, the physical world is incarnational, embodying the immanence of the God who created it. Third, language possesses a unique power to express divine immanence and transcendence. Fourth, the act of making a poem manifests a primary way in which we are made in God's image. Poems by Dante, Levertov, Hopkins, Heaney, Milosz, and Jacobsen demonstrate the intricate connections between the religious and the artistic impulse. These poets are conversant with the realms of both the sacred and the secular. Consequently through their art they help lead poets and readers alike on the pilgrimage of paradox all human beings are all blessed to take, simultaneously alone and together.
Gerardo P. Sicat and Rahimaisa D. Abdula
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195158984
- eISBN:
- 9780199869107
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195158989.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Reviews the Philippine public finance experience over two decades from 1980 to 2000. It notes that in some years, the government's dominant fiscal problems were caused, at least initially, by ...
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Reviews the Philippine public finance experience over two decades from 1980 to 2000. It notes that in some years, the government's dominant fiscal problems were caused, at least initially, by external economic shocks, with domestic adjustments to them – including political upheavals – resulting in a unique trajectory of development experience. Its review of public finance history covers operational deficits and fiscal stabilization, public expenditure, revenue mobilization, and “hidden” deficits from quasi‐fiscal activities. The study first asserts that the country's fiscal strategy has been influenced for the most part by the need to rein in domestic expenditure to match the level of available fiscal resources. Next, it argues that the growth in public expenditure has largely been constrained by the scarcity of fiscal resources. Finally, it shows that the strengthening tax administration remains a sticking point, as nontax revenues are only temporary measures to bridge the expenditure gap.Less
Reviews the Philippine public finance experience over two decades from 1980 to 2000. It notes that in some years, the government's dominant fiscal problems were caused, at least initially, by external economic shocks, with domestic adjustments to them – including political upheavals – resulting in a unique trajectory of development experience. Its review of public finance history covers operational deficits and fiscal stabilization, public expenditure, revenue mobilization, and “hidden” deficits from quasi‐fiscal activities. The study first asserts that the country's fiscal strategy has been influenced for the most part by the need to rein in domestic expenditure to match the level of available fiscal resources. Next, it argues that the growth in public expenditure has largely been constrained by the scarcity of fiscal resources. Finally, it shows that the strengthening tax administration remains a sticking point, as nontax revenues are only temporary measures to bridge the expenditure gap.
