Jan O. Jonsson, Frank Kalter, and Frank van Tubergen
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780197266373
- eISBN:
- 9780191879562
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266373.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
We introduce our comparative study on minority and majority youth in four European countries by presenting the problem, basic concepts, theoretical starting points and our strategy of analysis. We ...
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We introduce our comparative study on minority and majority youth in four European countries by presenting the problem, basic concepts, theoretical starting points and our strategy of analysis. We address differences in integration across (i) immigrant generations (exposure), (ii) immigrant origin groups and (iii) receiving countries, for several indicators of structural, cultural and social integration. We find few and unsystematic differences in integration across receiving countries. Integration is quite remote for some aspects of social and cultural integration and slowest for those originating in poorer regions at greater cultural and socioeconomic distances, such as the Middle East and Africa. Exposure to the host country leads to decreasing differences in language proficiency and host country identification, but not in liberal attitudes and tolerance, religion and religiosity, or inter-ethnic friendships. We conclude that lingering differences should partly be understood against a backdrop of deeply entrenched structural phenomena such as socialisation, stratification and segregation.Less
We introduce our comparative study on minority and majority youth in four European countries by presenting the problem, basic concepts, theoretical starting points and our strategy of analysis. We address differences in integration across (i) immigrant generations (exposure), (ii) immigrant origin groups and (iii) receiving countries, for several indicators of structural, cultural and social integration. We find few and unsystematic differences in integration across receiving countries. Integration is quite remote for some aspects of social and cultural integration and slowest for those originating in poorer regions at greater cultural and socioeconomic distances, such as the Middle East and Africa. Exposure to the host country leads to decreasing differences in language proficiency and host country identification, but not in liberal attitudes and tolerance, religion and religiosity, or inter-ethnic friendships. We conclude that lingering differences should partly be understood against a backdrop of deeply entrenched structural phenomena such as socialisation, stratification and segregation.
Frank Kalter, Jan O. Jonsson, Frank van Tubergen, and Anthony Heath (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780197266373
- eISBN:
- 9780191879562
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266373.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
Growing up in Diverse Societies provides a comprehensive analysis of the integration of the children of immigrants in England, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden, based on the ‘Children of ...
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Growing up in Diverse Societies provides a comprehensive analysis of the integration of the children of immigrants in England, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden, based on the ‘Children of immigrants longitudinal survey in four European countries’ (CILS4EU), including harmonised interviews with almost 19,000 14- to 15-year-olds. The book studies the life situation, social relations, and attitudes of adolescents in different ethnic minority groups, and compares these systematically to majority youth in the four countries. The chapters cover a wide range of aspects of integration, all addressing comparisons between origin groups, generations, and destination countries, and elucidating processes accounting for differences. The results challenge much current thinking and simplified views on the state of integration. In some aspects, such as own economic means, delinquency, and mental health, children of immigrants are surprisingly similar to majority youth, while in other aspects there are large dissimilarities. There are also substantial differences between ethnic minority groups, with the economic and cultural distance of the origin regions to the destination country being a key factor. For some outcomes, such as language proficiency or host country identification, dissimilarities seem to narrow over generations, but this does not hold for other outcomes, such as religiosity and attitudes. Remaining differences partly depend on ethnic segregation, some on socioeconomic inequality, and others on parental influences. Most interestingly, the book finds that the four destination countries, though different in their immigration histories, policy approaches, and contextual conditions, are on the whole similar in the general patterns of integration and in the underlying processes.Less
Growing up in Diverse Societies provides a comprehensive analysis of the integration of the children of immigrants in England, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden, based on the ‘Children of immigrants longitudinal survey in four European countries’ (CILS4EU), including harmonised interviews with almost 19,000 14- to 15-year-olds. The book studies the life situation, social relations, and attitudes of adolescents in different ethnic minority groups, and compares these systematically to majority youth in the four countries. The chapters cover a wide range of aspects of integration, all addressing comparisons between origin groups, generations, and destination countries, and elucidating processes accounting for differences. The results challenge much current thinking and simplified views on the state of integration. In some aspects, such as own economic means, delinquency, and mental health, children of immigrants are surprisingly similar to majority youth, while in other aspects there are large dissimilarities. There are also substantial differences between ethnic minority groups, with the economic and cultural distance of the origin regions to the destination country being a key factor. For some outcomes, such as language proficiency or host country identification, dissimilarities seem to narrow over generations, but this does not hold for other outcomes, such as religiosity and attitudes. Remaining differences partly depend on ethnic segregation, some on socioeconomic inequality, and others on parental influences. Most interestingly, the book finds that the four destination countries, though different in their immigration histories, policy approaches, and contextual conditions, are on the whole similar in the general patterns of integration and in the underlying processes.
Catherine R. Cooper
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195080209
- eISBN:
- 9780199893225
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195080209.003.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
Many societies embrace the ideals that their children will have equal access to school and advance through their merit. However, worldwide, as children move through primary and secondary school ...
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Many societies embrace the ideals that their children will have equal access to school and advance through their merit. However, worldwide, as children move through primary and secondary school towards college, the number of immigrant, ethnic minority, and low–income youth who continue through school shrinks disproportionately, and troubling gender gaps also appear. This academic pipeline problem for the United States is the attrition of students in five ethnic groupings between high school and attaining graduate degrees. This global dilemma is intensifying as immigrant, refugee, and ethnic minority youth make up growing segments of primary school students in many nations. This book presents recent advances in research, practice, and policies by social scientists, educators, and policymakers that address the academic pipeline problem. It invites readers to compare viewpoints and ask their own questions about the roots of and remedies for the pipeline problem. This chapter introduces the academic pipeline problem, defines culture from perspectives across the social sciences, compares social capital, alienation, and challenge models used to address the pipeline problem, introduces its five core questions, and gives an overview of the book.Less
Many societies embrace the ideals that their children will have equal access to school and advance through their merit. However, worldwide, as children move through primary and secondary school towards college, the number of immigrant, ethnic minority, and low–income youth who continue through school shrinks disproportionately, and troubling gender gaps also appear. This academic pipeline problem for the United States is the attrition of students in five ethnic groupings between high school and attaining graduate degrees. This global dilemma is intensifying as immigrant, refugee, and ethnic minority youth make up growing segments of primary school students in many nations. This book presents recent advances in research, practice, and policies by social scientists, educators, and policymakers that address the academic pipeline problem. It invites readers to compare viewpoints and ask their own questions about the roots of and remedies for the pipeline problem. This chapter introduces the academic pipeline problem, defines culture from perspectives across the social sciences, compares social capital, alienation, and challenge models used to address the pipeline problem, introduces its five core questions, and gives an overview of the book.
Margaret Gibson, Silvia Carrasco, Jordi Pàmies, Maribel Ponferrada, and Anne Ríos-Rojas
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814760949
- eISBN:
- 9780814724354
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814760949.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter examines the impact of school structures, policies, and practices on immigrant youth in Spain and the United States. Drawing on field research conducted in six high schools, three in ...
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This chapter examines the impact of school structures, policies, and practices on immigrant youth in Spain and the United States. Drawing on field research conducted in six high schools, three in Catalonia and three in California, the chapter looks at the contradictions between discourse and practice, on the one hand, and immigrant students' actual experiences in school, on the other. It explores how schools through their structures, policies, and practices influence the social and academic integration of immigrant youth and how immigrant youth perceive and negotiate their integration. It also considers the ways in which the politicalization of borders affects immigrant-origin students' access to resources in school, their sense of membership within the school community, the nature of their participation in school activities, and ultimately their school persistence and academic achievement.Less
This chapter examines the impact of school structures, policies, and practices on immigrant youth in Spain and the United States. Drawing on field research conducted in six high schools, three in Catalonia and three in California, the chapter looks at the contradictions between discourse and practice, on the one hand, and immigrant students' actual experiences in school, on the other. It explores how schools through their structures, policies, and practices influence the social and academic integration of immigrant youth and how immigrant youth perceive and negotiate their integration. It also considers the ways in which the politicalization of borders affects immigrant-origin students' access to resources in school, their sense of membership within the school community, the nature of their participation in school activities, and ultimately their school persistence and academic achievement.
David B. Thronson
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479816873
- eISBN:
- 9781479863402
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479816873.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
This chapter argues that juvenile justice systems have defining choices on how they work with immigrant youth. They can either place their core mission of working positively with youth ahead of ...
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This chapter argues that juvenile justice systems have defining choices on how they work with immigrant youth. They can either place their core mission of working positively with youth ahead of collateral efforts to enforce federal immigration law, or choose affirmative efforts to involve immigration enforcement authorities in the lives of youth. The former choice leverages the equitable flexibility of juvenile systems to improve the lives and well-being of immigrant youth, while the latter disregards the foreseeable immigration consequences, subverting the juvenile justice system's mission of providing an alternative to adult courts and punishments for youth. Hence, these starkly different choices create two systems of juvenile justice.Less
This chapter argues that juvenile justice systems have defining choices on how they work with immigrant youth. They can either place their core mission of working positively with youth ahead of collateral efforts to enforce federal immigration law, or choose affirmative efforts to involve immigration enforcement authorities in the lives of youth. The former choice leverages the equitable flexibility of juvenile systems to improve the lives and well-being of immigrant youth, while the latter disregards the foreseeable immigration consequences, subverting the juvenile justice system's mission of providing an alternative to adult courts and punishments for youth. Hence, these starkly different choices create two systems of juvenile justice.
Catherine R. Cooper
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195080209
- eISBN:
- 9780199893225
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195080209.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
How can youth in different cultural communities forge identities and college pathways without losing ties to their communities? New evidence, both quantitative and qualitative, about how youth ...
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How can youth in different cultural communities forge identities and college pathways without losing ties to their communities? New evidence, both quantitative and qualitative, about how youth navigate across the cultural worlds of their families, schools, peers, and community programs, is advancing research, practice, and policies to open academic pipelines. This book examines the academic pipeline problem, as students, especially ethnic minority, immigrant, and low—income youth, leave school too early. It considers research, practice, and policies relating to opening both pathways and pipelines and bridges across the social sciences—developmental and social psychology, sociology, anthropology, and education—by integrating findings on five issues core to this problem. It aligns related models and evidence about how youth develop their identities as they navigate pathways from childhood through school to careers, with a new multi—level theory that addresses these issues. Evidence is drawn from an innovative blend of quantitative and qualitative methods, offering a diversity of cultural examples and breadth of references. Presenting tools to help build a common language among researchers, educators, and policymakers, this book speaks to the rising global awareness for opening higher education to immigrant, ethnic minority, and low—income youth.Less
How can youth in different cultural communities forge identities and college pathways without losing ties to their communities? New evidence, both quantitative and qualitative, about how youth navigate across the cultural worlds of their families, schools, peers, and community programs, is advancing research, practice, and policies to open academic pipelines. This book examines the academic pipeline problem, as students, especially ethnic minority, immigrant, and low—income youth, leave school too early. It considers research, practice, and policies relating to opening both pathways and pipelines and bridges across the social sciences—developmental and social psychology, sociology, anthropology, and education—by integrating findings on five issues core to this problem. It aligns related models and evidence about how youth develop their identities as they navigate pathways from childhood through school to careers, with a new multi—level theory that addresses these issues. Evidence is drawn from an innovative blend of quantitative and qualitative methods, offering a diversity of cultural examples and breadth of references. Presenting tools to help build a common language among researchers, educators, and policymakers, this book speaks to the rising global awareness for opening higher education to immigrant, ethnic minority, and low—income youth.
Carola Suárez-Orozco, Margary Martin, Mikael Alexandersson, L. Janelle Dance, and Johannes Lunneblad
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814760949
- eISBN:
- 9780814724354
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814760949.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter examines whether schools that are successful with immigrant-origin children employ practices that have the promise of being useful elsewhere. Focusing on two high schools in the United ...
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This chapter examines whether schools that are successful with immigrant-origin children employ practices that have the promise of being useful elsewhere. Focusing on two high schools in the United States and two in Sweden, it considers overt curricula and programs that prepare children of immigrants to be active and empowered actors in the multicultural, global contexts of their receiving nations. Using a case study methodological strategy, the chapter explores school-based practices that are implemented in innovative, “promising” school settings to ease the transition and integration of immigrant-origin youth as well as foster and enhance their academic performance. As part of their preparation agenda, the schools in both Sweden and the United States make accommodations for newcomer immigrant-origin students and second-language learners, allowing them to catch up with their native-born peers.Less
This chapter examines whether schools that are successful with immigrant-origin children employ practices that have the promise of being useful elsewhere. Focusing on two high schools in the United States and two in Sweden, it considers overt curricula and programs that prepare children of immigrants to be active and empowered actors in the multicultural, global contexts of their receiving nations. Using a case study methodological strategy, the chapter explores school-based practices that are implemented in innovative, “promising” school settings to ease the transition and integration of immigrant-origin youth as well as foster and enhance their academic performance. As part of their preparation agenda, the schools in both Sweden and the United States make accommodations for newcomer immigrant-origin students and second-language learners, allowing them to catch up with their native-born peers.
Paola Bertolini and Michele Lalla
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814749029
- eISBN:
- 9780814749043
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814749029.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
This chapter examines school participation rates among immigrants in the Northern and Southern regions of Italy. Northern Italy is one of the most developed regions in the EU, while Southern Italy is ...
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This chapter examines school participation rates among immigrants in the Northern and Southern regions of Italy. Northern Italy is one of the most developed regions in the EU, while Southern Italy is among the less developed areas. Comparing native Italians, first-generation immigrants, and second-generation immigrants, researchers documented distinct differences in school participation rates, type of school attended (pre-university or vocational), and labor market opportunities of the groups—differences that can be traced back to individual, familial, and community characteristics including, among other factors, the social and economic structures of the region where the family lives. The chapter demonstrates the importance of educational opportunities, and of policies supporting such opportunities, for successful integration of immigrant youth into the larger society.Less
This chapter examines school participation rates among immigrants in the Northern and Southern regions of Italy. Northern Italy is one of the most developed regions in the EU, while Southern Italy is among the less developed areas. Comparing native Italians, first-generation immigrants, and second-generation immigrants, researchers documented distinct differences in school participation rates, type of school attended (pre-university or vocational), and labor market opportunities of the groups—differences that can be traced back to individual, familial, and community characteristics including, among other factors, the social and economic structures of the region where the family lives. The chapter demonstrates the importance of educational opportunities, and of policies supporting such opportunities, for successful integration of immigrant youth into the larger society.
Paul R. Smokowski and Martica Bacallao
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814740897
- eISBN:
- 9780814708798
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814740897.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Although the United States has always been a nation of immigrants, the recent demographic shifts resulting in burgeoning young Latino and Asian populations have literally changed the face of the ...
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Although the United States has always been a nation of immigrants, the recent demographic shifts resulting in burgeoning young Latino and Asian populations have literally changed the face of the nation. This wave of massive immigration has led to a nationwide struggle with the need to become bicultural, a difficult and sometimes painful process of navigating between ethnic cultures. While some Latino adolescents become alienated and turn to antisocial behavior and substance use, others go on to excel in school, have successful careers, and build healthy families. Drawing on both quantitative and qualitative data ranging from surveys to extensive interviews with immigrant families, this book explores the individual psychology, family dynamics, and societal messages behind bicultural development and sheds light on the factors that lead to positive or negative consequences for immigrant youth. It illuminates how immigrant families, and American communities in general, become bicultural and use their bicultural skills to succeed in their new surroundings. The book concludes by offering a model for intervention with immigrant teens and their families which enhances their bicultural skills.Less
Although the United States has always been a nation of immigrants, the recent demographic shifts resulting in burgeoning young Latino and Asian populations have literally changed the face of the nation. This wave of massive immigration has led to a nationwide struggle with the need to become bicultural, a difficult and sometimes painful process of navigating between ethnic cultures. While some Latino adolescents become alienated and turn to antisocial behavior and substance use, others go on to excel in school, have successful careers, and build healthy families. Drawing on both quantitative and qualitative data ranging from surveys to extensive interviews with immigrant families, this book explores the individual psychology, family dynamics, and societal messages behind bicultural development and sheds light on the factors that lead to positive or negative consequences for immigrant youth. It illuminates how immigrant families, and American communities in general, become bicultural and use their bicultural skills to succeed in their new surroundings. The book concludes by offering a model for intervention with immigrant teens and their families which enhances their bicultural skills.
Elizabeth M. Frankel
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479898800
- eISBN:
- 9781479800308
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479898800.003.0016
- Subject:
- Law, Family Law
This chapter details how immigrant youth in the juvenile justice system are frequently reported to the immigration system, thus compounding their problems. Involvement in the immigration system may ...
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This chapter details how immigrant youth in the juvenile justice system are frequently reported to the immigration system, thus compounding their problems. Involvement in the immigration system may complicate and exacerbate immigrant youth's disposition in the juvenile justice system, and they fail to get counseling and advocacy to deal with the issues they face in the immigration system. The chapter calls for a juvenile justice system that sees immigration status as another issue that needs services and support in order to achieve the best possible outcome for youth, including their independent right to legal status based on their dependency. Consistent with the goal of less incarceration, this would reduce or eliminate the incarceration of these youth in both systems.Less
This chapter details how immigrant youth in the juvenile justice system are frequently reported to the immigration system, thus compounding their problems. Involvement in the immigration system may complicate and exacerbate immigrant youth's disposition in the juvenile justice system, and they fail to get counseling and advocacy to deal with the issues they face in the immigration system. The chapter calls for a juvenile justice system that sees immigration status as another issue that needs services and support in order to achieve the best possible outcome for youth, including their independent right to legal status based on their dependency. Consistent with the goal of less incarceration, this would reduce or eliminate the incarceration of these youth in both systems.
Oneka LaBennett
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814752470
- eISBN:
- 9780814765289
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814752470.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology
This chapter presents an ethnographic mapping of the youngsters' journeys within and beyond the confines of the Brooklyn Children's Museum (BCM), placing West Indian immigrant youth within the racial ...
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This chapter presents an ethnographic mapping of the youngsters' journeys within and beyond the confines of the Brooklyn Children's Museum (BCM), placing West Indian immigrant youth within the racial and gender-based obstacles Black teens must traverse as they navigate New York City. Outings to a Barnes and Noble bookstore, a McDonald's restaurant, and a movie theater, along with the teens' uses of cellular phones, emerge as conflict-ridden sites. The chapter addresses the prominent role of consumer culture in shaping the lives of these urban dwellers and interprets the youths' extracurricular activities in and around BCM as spatializing forces that help to construct transnational racial and gender identities.Less
This chapter presents an ethnographic mapping of the youngsters' journeys within and beyond the confines of the Brooklyn Children's Museum (BCM), placing West Indian immigrant youth within the racial and gender-based obstacles Black teens must traverse as they navigate New York City. Outings to a Barnes and Noble bookstore, a McDonald's restaurant, and a movie theater, along with the teens' uses of cellular phones, emerge as conflict-ridden sites. The chapter addresses the prominent role of consumer culture in shaping the lives of these urban dwellers and interprets the youths' extracurricular activities in and around BCM as spatializing forces that help to construct transnational racial and gender identities.
Ira Malmberg-Heimonen and Ilse Julkunen
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861345882
- eISBN:
- 9781447304371
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861345882.003.0012
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
This chapter analyses various occupational outcomes of labour-market measures among young unemployed people in Finland, Sweden, France, and Germany. It explains that these countries vary considerably ...
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This chapter analyses various occupational outcomes of labour-market measures among young unemployed people in Finland, Sweden, France, and Germany. It explains that these countries vary considerably in their reliance on active labour-market policy, Sweden having the longest experience in this respect. The chapter shows that participation in a scheme did not improve the chances of becoming employed. With the exception of Sweden, those who participated in a scheme had higher risks of becoming unemployed compared with those young people who did not participate. The chapter notes that the results for immigrant youth and youth without any work experience were somewhat better, showing that labour-market schemes do in fact have some effect for more vulnerable groups. It concludes that outcomes of scheme participation can be positive, but they seem more effective in a country such as Sweden with a long history of activation policies.Less
This chapter analyses various occupational outcomes of labour-market measures among young unemployed people in Finland, Sweden, France, and Germany. It explains that these countries vary considerably in their reliance on active labour-market policy, Sweden having the longest experience in this respect. The chapter shows that participation in a scheme did not improve the chances of becoming employed. With the exception of Sweden, those who participated in a scheme had higher risks of becoming unemployed compared with those young people who did not participate. The chapter notes that the results for immigrant youth and youth without any work experience were somewhat better, showing that labour-market schemes do in fact have some effect for more vulnerable groups. It concludes that outcomes of scheme participation can be positive, but they seem more effective in a country such as Sweden with a long history of activation policies.
Kathryn M. Neckerman
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226569604
- eISBN:
- 9780226569628
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226569628.003.0003
- Subject:
- Education, Educational Policy and Politics
This chapter examines the role of labor markets in the problems of inner-city schooling. Given the long history of racial discrimination, African-American youth might reasonably have been skeptical ...
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This chapter examines the role of labor markets in the problems of inner-city schooling. Given the long history of racial discrimination, African-American youth might reasonably have been skeptical about the economic value of education. Stanley Lieberson and others have identified the 1930s as a time when racial disadvantage in the labor market may have increased. Direct evidence regarding perceptions of the labor market is very limited. The chapter tracks the labor market experiences of black and immigrant workers over time. Perceptions of the labor market are likely to have been grounded in the experiences of family, friends, and neighbors. Thus, the chapter gains some indirect insight into how black and immigrant youth saw the economic value of schooling by observing the labor market opportunities and employment patterns of black and immigrant Chicagoans over time. It begins with a discussion of opportunity and discrimination in white-collar employment.Less
This chapter examines the role of labor markets in the problems of inner-city schooling. Given the long history of racial discrimination, African-American youth might reasonably have been skeptical about the economic value of education. Stanley Lieberson and others have identified the 1930s as a time when racial disadvantage in the labor market may have increased. Direct evidence regarding perceptions of the labor market is very limited. The chapter tracks the labor market experiences of black and immigrant workers over time. Perceptions of the labor market are likely to have been grounded in the experiences of family, friends, and neighbors. Thus, the chapter gains some indirect insight into how black and immigrant youth saw the economic value of schooling by observing the labor market opportunities and employment patterns of black and immigrant Chicagoans over time. It begins with a discussion of opportunity and discrimination in white-collar employment.
Lynn S. Chancer, Martín Sánchez-Jankowski, and Christine Trost (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190685898
- eISBN:
- 9780190685935
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190685898.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Occupations, Professions, and Work, Economic Sociology
This book confronts the persistent issues of youth unemployment and worsening socioeconomic precarity in the United States. While overall unemployment has declined, the unemployment rate remains ...
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This book confronts the persistent issues of youth unemployment and worsening socioeconomic precarity in the United States. While overall unemployment has declined, the unemployment rate remains nearly twice as high for young people 16–19 years of age and nearly three times as high for those aged 20–24. Millions of youth are neither in school nor working, and rates of unemployment and underemployment are nearly two to three times higher for black and Latino youth. Despite these glaring statistics, far more attention has been given to diminished social prospects facing young people in Europe than in America, and this is what makes this book so important. The volume’s Introduction places the issue in a global and national context, while suggesting a range of solutions and discussing the distinctive cultural ideology of the American dream as it intersects with young people's diverse experiences. Chapters in each of the book’s four sections explore structural and cultural causes of youth unemployment, their ramifications for both native and immigrant youth, and how both middle- and working-class youth across diverse races and ethnicities are affected within and outside the legal economy. Overall, the book insists that because the youth of today face greater insecurity than earlier generations, the time has come to address factors like technological changes, the rise of the 24/7 and “gig” economy, and the polarization between “good” and “bad” jobs; thus, the book features chapters on potential solutions including effective school-to-work models, shorter and shared hours, full employment, and basic income.Less
This book confronts the persistent issues of youth unemployment and worsening socioeconomic precarity in the United States. While overall unemployment has declined, the unemployment rate remains nearly twice as high for young people 16–19 years of age and nearly three times as high for those aged 20–24. Millions of youth are neither in school nor working, and rates of unemployment and underemployment are nearly two to three times higher for black and Latino youth. Despite these glaring statistics, far more attention has been given to diminished social prospects facing young people in Europe than in America, and this is what makes this book so important. The volume’s Introduction places the issue in a global and national context, while suggesting a range of solutions and discussing the distinctive cultural ideology of the American dream as it intersects with young people's diverse experiences. Chapters in each of the book’s four sections explore structural and cultural causes of youth unemployment, their ramifications for both native and immigrant youth, and how both middle- and working-class youth across diverse races and ethnicities are affected within and outside the legal economy. Overall, the book insists that because the youth of today face greater insecurity than earlier generations, the time has come to address factors like technological changes, the rise of the 24/7 and “gig” economy, and the polarization between “good” and “bad” jobs; thus, the book features chapters on potential solutions including effective school-to-work models, shorter and shared hours, full employment, and basic income.
