Georg Menz
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199533886
- eISBN:
- 9780191714771
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199533886.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
European governments have rediscovered labor migration, but are eager to be perceived as controlling unsolicited forms of migration, especially through asylum and family reunion. The emerging ...
More
European governments have rediscovered labor migration, but are eager to be perceived as controlling unsolicited forms of migration, especially through asylum and family reunion. The emerging paradigm of managed migration combines the construction of more permissive channels for desirable and actively recruited labor migrants with ever more restrictive approaches towards asylum seekers. Nonstate actors, especially employer organizations, trade unions, and humanitarian nongovernmental organizations, attempt to shape regulatory measures, but their success varies depending on organizational characteristics. Labor market interest associations' lobbying strategies regarding quantities and skill profile of labor migrants will be influenced by the respective system of political economy they are embedded in. Trade unions are generally supportive of well-managed labor recruitment strategies. But migration policymaking also proceeds at the European Union (EU) level. While national actors seek to upload their national model as a blueprint for future EU policy to avoid costly adaptation, top-down Europeanization is recasting national regulation in important ways, notwithstanding highly divergent national regulatory philosophies. Based on field work in and analysis of primary documents from six European countries (France, Italy, United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany, and Poland), this book makes an important contribution to the study of a rapidly Europeanized policy domain. Combining insights from the literature on comparative political economy, Europeanization, and migration studies, this book makes important contributions to all three, while demonstrating how migration policy can be fruitfully studied by employing tools from mainstream political science, rather than treating it as a distinct subfield.Less
European governments have rediscovered labor migration, but are eager to be perceived as controlling unsolicited forms of migration, especially through asylum and family reunion. The emerging paradigm of managed migration combines the construction of more permissive channels for desirable and actively recruited labor migrants with ever more restrictive approaches towards asylum seekers. Nonstate actors, especially employer organizations, trade unions, and humanitarian nongovernmental organizations, attempt to shape regulatory measures, but their success varies depending on organizational characteristics. Labor market interest associations' lobbying strategies regarding quantities and skill profile of labor migrants will be influenced by the respective system of political economy they are embedded in. Trade unions are generally supportive of well-managed labor recruitment strategies. But migration policymaking also proceeds at the European Union (EU) level. While national actors seek to upload their national model as a blueprint for future EU policy to avoid costly adaptation, top-down Europeanization is recasting national regulation in important ways, notwithstanding highly divergent national regulatory philosophies. Based on field work in and analysis of primary documents from six European countries (France, Italy, United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany, and Poland), this book makes an important contribution to the study of a rapidly Europeanized policy domain. Combining insights from the literature on comparative political economy, Europeanization, and migration studies, this book makes important contributions to all three, while demonstrating how migration policy can be fruitfully studied by employing tools from mainstream political science, rather than treating it as a distinct subfield.
Jennifer M. Welsh (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199267217
- eISBN:
- 9780191601118
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199267219.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The issue of humanitarian intervention has generated one of the most heated debates in international relations over the past decade, for both theorists and practitioners. At its heart is the alleged ...
More
The issue of humanitarian intervention has generated one of the most heated debates in international relations over the past decade, for both theorists and practitioners. At its heart is the alleged tension between the principle of state sovereignty, and the evolving norms related to individual human rights. This edited collection examines the challenges to international society posed by humanitarian intervention in a post-September 11th world. It brings scholars of law, philosophy, and international relations together with those who have actively engaged in cases of intervention, in order to examine the legitimacy and consequences of the use of military force for humanitarian purposes. The book demonstrates why humanitarian intervention continues to be a controversial question not only for the United Nations but also for Western states and humanitarian organisations.Less
The issue of humanitarian intervention has generated one of the most heated debates in international relations over the past decade, for both theorists and practitioners. At its heart is the alleged tension between the principle of state sovereignty, and the evolving norms related to individual human rights. This edited collection examines the challenges to international society posed by humanitarian intervention in a post-September 11th world. It brings scholars of law, philosophy, and international relations together with those who have actively engaged in cases of intervention, in order to examine the legitimacy and consequences of the use of military force for humanitarian purposes. The book demonstrates why humanitarian intervention continues to be a controversial question not only for the United Nations but also for Western states and humanitarian organisations.
Andrea Paras and Janice Gross Stein
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199916023
- eISBN:
- 9780199950447
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199916023.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter addresses two arguments on the basic differences between “secular” and “religious” organizations. It first studies the creation of the layered and complicated meanings of the sacred in ...
More
This chapter addresses two arguments on the basic differences between “secular” and “religious” organizations. It first studies the creation of the layered and complicated meanings of the sacred in the life of modern humanitarian organizations. It then studies two religious and two secular organizations and how they express and give meaning to the sacred. The chapter also discusses the consequences of the creation of the sacred, which is common to both secular and religious organizations, and shows how these organizations connect with the “profane” and with the world.Less
This chapter addresses two arguments on the basic differences between “secular” and “religious” organizations. It first studies the creation of the layered and complicated meanings of the sacred in the life of modern humanitarian organizations. It then studies two religious and two secular organizations and how they express and give meaning to the sacred. The chapter also discusses the consequences of the creation of the sacred, which is common to both secular and religious organizations, and shows how these organizations connect with the “profane” and with the world.
Ian Holliday
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231161275
- eISBN:
- 9780231504249
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231161275.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter analyzes how foreigners have dealt with the Myanmar problem by examining the policies adopted by outsiders over the past quarter-century. The first section provides an overview of the ...
More
This chapter analyzes how foreigners have dealt with the Myanmar problem by examining the policies adopted by outsiders over the past quarter-century. The first section provides an overview of the global debate about Myanmar. The second looks at engagement strategies associated mainly with Asian states and a range of humanitarian organizations. The third evaluates the efforts of western states and activist groups to sanction and isolate Myanmar. The final section analyzes the degree of political leverage foreigners have been able to exercise over the dominant military machine and looks for pointers to future involvement. It is argued that external actors have generally fallen far short of their major objectives in shaping Myanmar's politics. The result is that today global policy responses are fiercely contested not only among outsiders, but also among people living and working inside the country.Less
This chapter analyzes how foreigners have dealt with the Myanmar problem by examining the policies adopted by outsiders over the past quarter-century. The first section provides an overview of the global debate about Myanmar. The second looks at engagement strategies associated mainly with Asian states and a range of humanitarian organizations. The third evaluates the efforts of western states and activist groups to sanction and isolate Myanmar. The final section analyzes the degree of political leverage foreigners have been able to exercise over the dominant military machine and looks for pointers to future involvement. It is argued that external actors have generally fallen far short of their major objectives in shaping Myanmar's politics. The result is that today global policy responses are fiercely contested not only among outsiders, but also among people living and working inside the country.
Courtney Bender and Ann Taves (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231156851
- eISBN:
- 9780231504683
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231156851.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Over the past decade, religious, secular, and spiritual distinctions have broken down, forcing scholars to rethink secularity and its relationship to society. Since classifying a person, activity, or ...
More
Over the past decade, religious, secular, and spiritual distinctions have broken down, forcing scholars to rethink secularity and its relationship to society. Since classifying a person, activity, or experience as religious or otherwise is an important act of valuation, one that defines the characteristics of a group and its relation to others, scholars are struggling to recast these concepts in our increasingly ambiguous, pluralistic world. This book considers religious and secular categories and what they mean to those who seek valuable, ethical lives. As they investigate how individuals and groups determine significance, set goals, and attribute meaning, contributors illustrate the ways in which religious, secular, and spiritual designations serve as markers of value. Reflecting on recent ethnographic and historical research, chapters explore contemporary psychical research and liberal American homeschooling; the work of nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century American psychologists and French archaeologists; the role of contemporary humanitarian and volunteer organizations based in Europe and India; and the prevalence of highly mediated and spiritualized publics, from international psy-trance festivals to Ghanaian national political contexts. Chapters particularly focus on the role of ambivalence, attachment, and disaffection in the formation of religious, secular, and spiritual identities, resetting research on secular society and contemporary religious life while illuminating what matters in the lives of ordinary individuals.Less
Over the past decade, religious, secular, and spiritual distinctions have broken down, forcing scholars to rethink secularity and its relationship to society. Since classifying a person, activity, or experience as religious or otherwise is an important act of valuation, one that defines the characteristics of a group and its relation to others, scholars are struggling to recast these concepts in our increasingly ambiguous, pluralistic world. This book considers religious and secular categories and what they mean to those who seek valuable, ethical lives. As they investigate how individuals and groups determine significance, set goals, and attribute meaning, contributors illustrate the ways in which religious, secular, and spiritual designations serve as markers of value. Reflecting on recent ethnographic and historical research, chapters explore contemporary psychical research and liberal American homeschooling; the work of nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century American psychologists and French archaeologists; the role of contemporary humanitarian and volunteer organizations based in Europe and India; and the prevalence of highly mediated and spiritualized publics, from international psy-trance festivals to Ghanaian national political contexts. Chapters particularly focus on the role of ambivalence, attachment, and disaffection in the formation of religious, secular, and spiritual identities, resetting research on secular society and contemporary religious life while illuminating what matters in the lives of ordinary individuals.
Gregory F. Domber
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781469618517
- eISBN:
- 9781469618531
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469618517.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Political History
This chapter examines the relations between Poland and the United States, focusing on the period between September 1982 and January 1985. More specifically, it considers how decisions to lift ...
More
This chapter examines the relations between Poland and the United States, focusing on the period between September 1982 and January 1985. More specifically, it considers how decisions to lift individual U.S. sanctions were used to push for gradual reforms as part of what was known as the “step-by-step” policy. In one particular instance, sanctions were exchanged for political prisoners. This chapter also looks at the continuing work by humanitarian organizations, as well as the creation of the National Endowment for Democracy, which significantly increased resources provided by the United States in support of opposition underground in Poland. Finally, it discusses the role of Radio Free Europe and the Catholic Church within Poland, together with the efforts of the Polish United Worker's Party (PZPR) to liberalize and reform the system.Less
This chapter examines the relations between Poland and the United States, focusing on the period between September 1982 and January 1985. More specifically, it considers how decisions to lift individual U.S. sanctions were used to push for gradual reforms as part of what was known as the “step-by-step” policy. In one particular instance, sanctions were exchanged for political prisoners. This chapter also looks at the continuing work by humanitarian organizations, as well as the creation of the National Endowment for Democracy, which significantly increased resources provided by the United States in support of opposition underground in Poland. Finally, it discusses the role of Radio Free Europe and the Catholic Church within Poland, together with the efforts of the Polish United Worker's Party (PZPR) to liberalize and reform the system.
Catherine Ceniza Choy
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814717226
- eISBN:
- 9781479886388
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814717226.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter examines the role of social service agencies, independent adoption organizations, humanitarian organizations, and individuals in facilitating Asian international adoption in the United ...
More
This chapter examines the role of social service agencies, independent adoption organizations, humanitarian organizations, and individuals in facilitating Asian international adoption in the United States. The labor of many different agencies and organizations, it argues, has transformed the United States into an international adoption nation. It also highlights the efforts of charismatic individuals who popularized international and transracial adoption in the United States in the mid-twentieth century, including Harry and Bertha Holt, Nobel Prize-winning writer Pearl S. Buck, and screen siren Jane Russell. In addition, it considers Asian international adoption in the historical context of US immigration and how it created a vision of the world in which national, cultural, and political borders could and should be crossed. In particular, it looks at the work of World Vision, a Portland, Oregon-based organization founded by Christian minister Bob Pierce to facilitate international adoption from Asia. Finally, the chapter assesses the legacy of independent adoption programs in America.Less
This chapter examines the role of social service agencies, independent adoption organizations, humanitarian organizations, and individuals in facilitating Asian international adoption in the United States. The labor of many different agencies and organizations, it argues, has transformed the United States into an international adoption nation. It also highlights the efforts of charismatic individuals who popularized international and transracial adoption in the United States in the mid-twentieth century, including Harry and Bertha Holt, Nobel Prize-winning writer Pearl S. Buck, and screen siren Jane Russell. In addition, it considers Asian international adoption in the historical context of US immigration and how it created a vision of the world in which national, cultural, and political borders could and should be crossed. In particular, it looks at the work of World Vision, a Portland, Oregon-based organization founded by Christian minister Bob Pierce to facilitate international adoption from Asia. Finally, the chapter assesses the legacy of independent adoption programs in America.
Michael P. DeJonge
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- July 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198824176
- eISBN:
- 9780191863264
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198824176.003.0016
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
The Conclusion considers the distance between Bonhoeffer’s politics and ours. Our own thinking about political resistance in the West tends to begin with the idea of inviolable human rights, the ...
More
The Conclusion considers the distance between Bonhoeffer’s politics and ours. Our own thinking about political resistance in the West tends to begin with the idea of inviolable human rights, the protection of which is a chief duty of the state. If the state allows those rights to be violated or violates them itself, individual citizens ought to resist, and the church should lend its moral authority. As this book has shown, Bonhoeffer’s vision of resistance differs from ours in several important ways. His political thinking privileges not rights but the state’s mandate for preservation. And for him it is not the chief task of the church but rather humanitarian organizations to speak out against the state on moral grounds. This latter, consistently articulated distinction between humanitarian organizations and the church as the gospel community frequently sets Bonhoeffer’s politics at some distance from ours.Less
The Conclusion considers the distance between Bonhoeffer’s politics and ours. Our own thinking about political resistance in the West tends to begin with the idea of inviolable human rights, the protection of which is a chief duty of the state. If the state allows those rights to be violated or violates them itself, individual citizens ought to resist, and the church should lend its moral authority. As this book has shown, Bonhoeffer’s vision of resistance differs from ours in several important ways. His political thinking privileges not rights but the state’s mandate for preservation. And for him it is not the chief task of the church but rather humanitarian organizations to speak out against the state on moral grounds. This latter, consistently articulated distinction between humanitarian organizations and the church as the gospel community frequently sets Bonhoeffer’s politics at some distance from ours.
